CN112557978B - Multi-echo sampling method based on three-dimensional non-Cartesian trajectory - Google Patents

Multi-echo sampling method based on three-dimensional non-Cartesian trajectory Download PDF

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CN112557978B
CN112557978B CN202011347666.6A CN202011347666A CN112557978B CN 112557978 B CN112557978 B CN 112557978B CN 202011347666 A CN202011347666 A CN 202011347666A CN 112557978 B CN112557978 B CN 112557978B
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杜一平
李硕
魏红江
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Abstract

The invention provides a multi-echo sampling method based on a three-dimensional non-Cartesian track, which is used for a quantitative susceptibility imaging technology and specifically comprises the following steps: selecting a cylindrical k space, selecting a plurality of acquisition planes in the cylindrical k space, and encoding the acquisition planes; selecting a data acquisition curve on each of the plurality of acquisition planes; determining a three-dimensional non-cartesian trajectory from the codes of the plurality of acquisition planes and each of the acquisition curves; designing a scanning time sequence according to the three-dimensional non-Cartesian trajectory; resonance data acquisition is performed according to the scan time sequence. According to the invention, through the three-dimensional non-Cartesian trajectory, the filling rate of k space is increased, the data acquisition efficiency is improved, and the quantitative magnetic susceptibility imaging time is shortened.

Description

Multi-echo sampling method based on three-dimensional non-Cartesian trajectory
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantitative susceptibility imaging, and particularly relates to a multi-echo sampling method based on a three-dimensional non-Cartesian track.
Background
Quantitative Susceptibility imaging (QSM) is a three-dimensional Quantitative visualization technique for biological tissue magnetization characteristics in magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic susceptibility is an inherent physical property of a substance that reflects the ability of the substance to be magnetized to a magnitude in an external magnetic field. When a susceptibility source is placed in an external magnetic field, it causes local magnetic field variations, resulting in different phase progression of the magnetic resonance signal in the multiple echoes. The quantitative magnetic susceptibility imaging technology carries out quantitative measurement on the magnetic susceptibility change caused by physiological phenomena such as iron content, calcification, blood oxygen saturation change and the like in tissues by analyzing the image phase and using an algorithm of solving an inverse problem. The brain imaging is carried out by using quantitative magnetic susceptibility imaging, and the spatial distribution of the brain iron content can be obtained, so that the diseases such as cerebral hemorrhage, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's syndrome and the like can be examined in an auxiliary way.
In existing quantitative susceptibility imaging techniques, cartesian trajectories are typically followed for multiple echo sampling. In particular, for a plurality of gradient echo signals excited by a single pulse, cartesian trajectories are filled in k-space, which echo signals are acquired following the cartesian trajectories. However, the fill rate of the cartesian trajectory in k-space is low, resulting in low data acquisition efficiency, resulting in a long quantitative susceptibility imaging time. Taking 256 phase codes as an example, when a traditional cartesian trajectory is adopted for acquisition, only one line of data of k space is filled after a single pulse excitation, and 256 pulse excitations are needed to complete the filling of the whole k space. Compare in cartesian orbit, when adopting non-cartesian orbit to gather, the k space scope that can fill after the single pulse arouses is bigger, consequently can reduce required pulse excitation number of times to improve collection efficiency, shorten scanning time.
Therefore, it is desirable for those skilled in the art to develop a multi-echo sampling method based on three-dimensional non-cartesian trajectories to improve data acquisition efficiency and thus shorten the time for quantitative susceptibility imaging.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-echo sampling method based on a three-dimensional non-Cartesian track, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a cylindrical k space, selecting a plurality of acquisition planes in the cylindrical k space, and encoding the acquisition planes;
step 2, selecting a data acquisition curve on each acquisition plane in the plurality of acquisition planes;
step 3, determining a three-dimensional non-Cartesian track according to the codes of the plurality of acquisition planes and each acquisition curve;
step 4, designing a scanning time sequence according to the three-dimensional non-Cartesian track;
and 5, acquiring resonance data according to the scanning time sequence.
Further, in step 1, the plurality of acquisition planes are parallel to each other.
Further, in step 1, the plurality of acquisition planes are each perpendicular to the slice selection direction of the cylindrical k-space.
Further, in step 1, the plurality of acquisition planes employ equidistant encoding to determine slice-selection direction coordinates of the acquisition planes.
Further, the equidistant coding satisfies the following relation:
Figure BDA0002800324290000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002800324290000022
layer selection direction coordinate, N, of the acquisition plane during the i-th layer selection codingzSelecting a maximum value of coordinates in a slice direction for the cylindrical k-space, i being a positive integer, i being 1,2z。
Further, in step 1, the plurality of acquisition planes employ non-equidistant encoding to determine slice-selection direction coordinates of the acquisition planes.
Further, the non-equidistant coding satisfies the following relation:
Figure BDA0002800324290000023
where γ is the scaling factor, mod () is the remainder operation,
Figure BDA0002800324290000024
layer selection direction coordinate, N, of the acquisition plane during the i-th layer selection codingzSelecting a maximum value of coordinates in a slice direction for the cylindrical k-space, i being a positive integer, i being 1,2z。
Further, the proportionality coefficient γ satisfies the following relation:
Figure BDA0002800324290000025
further, in the step 2, the acquisition curve is a function of acquisition coordinates on the acquisition plane with respect to acquisition time.
Further, the acquisition curve satisfies that the acquisition coordinates are periodically equal to the origin of the acquisition plane.
Compared with the prior art, the multi-echo sampling method based on the three-dimensional non-Cartesian track has the technical effects that: a plurality of acquisition surfaces and non-Cartesian acquisition curves are selected in the cylindrical k space, and compared with Cartesian trajectories, when non-Cartesian trajectories are acquired, the k space range which can be filled after single pulse excitation is larger, so that the required pulse excitation times can be reduced, the acquisition efficiency is improved, and the scanning time is shortened. The filling rate of k space is high, the data sampling efficiency is improved, the scanning time is shortened, and the time required for shortening quantitative magnetic susceptibility imaging is obviously reduced.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sampling curve of a three-dimensional non-Cartesian trajectory in a sampling plane according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional non-Cartesian trajectory schematic of an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a scanning time series of an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings for better clarity and understanding of the technical contents. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In the present application, k-space is a cylindrical space. The z-direction in cylindrical k-space is the central axis direction, also referred to as the kz-direction or the slice selection encoding direction.
The application provides a many echoes sampling method based on three-dimensional non-cartesian orbit for in the quantitative magnetic susceptibility imaging technique, specifically include:
step 1, selecting a cylindrical k space, and defining the size of the k space according to the quantitative susceptibility imaging scanning requirement. The parameters Nx, Ny, Nz are defined as the maximum of the coordinates in the x, y, z direction of the cylindrical k-space. When the parameters Nx, Ny, Nz are determined, the cylindrical k-space is also uniquely determined. Wherein, the x-y plane is a plane parallel to the top surface and the bottom surface of the cylindrical k space, and the z axis is a central axis of the cylindrical k space.
Within a cylindrical k-space of a certain size,a plurality of x-y planes are selected as acquisition planes. And encodes these acquisition planes. Defining the z coordinate of the acquisition plane at the ith layer selection coding as
Figure BDA0002800324290000031
The spacing between the multiple acquisition planes may be equidistant or non-equidistant.
For example, when encoding in equidistant order, the following relationship may be used to determine
Figure BDA0002800324290000032
Figure BDA0002800324290000033
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002800324290000034
for the layer-selection-direction (i.e. z-direction) coordinate of the acquisition plane at the i-th layer-selection encoding, NzFor the maximum value of the coordinates in the slice selection direction for the cylindrical k-space, i is a positive integer, i is 1,2z。
When non-equidistant order coding is used, the following golden ratio order coding may preferably be used to determine
Figure BDA0002800324290000035
Figure BDA0002800324290000036
Where γ is the scaling factor, mod () is the remainder operation,
Figure BDA0002800324290000037
layer selection direction coordinate, N, of the acquisition plane during the i-th layer selection codingzFor the maximum value of the coordinates in the slice selection direction for the cylindrical k-space, i is a positive integer, i is 1,2z。
For golden ratio order coding, γ is preferably the golden ratio number, i.e.:
Figure BDA0002800324290000038
in other similar embodiments, the layer-selection coding order may also adopt a random coding order and the like.
And 2, constructing an acquisition curve in the acquisition plane with equal spacing or non-equal spacing selected in the step 1. Fig. 1 shows a preferred acquisition curve in this embodiment. The collection curve is a spiral track of rose petals. The method is characterized in that the acquisition coordinates can periodically return to the central origin of the acquisition plane, so that multi-echo data acquisition is realized. The acquisition curve shown in fig. 1 is five petals, i.e., five echo signals can be provided. In other similar embodiments, the acquisition curve may be set by the following relationship, and the number of petals may be determined by parameter adjustment:
kx(t)＝Nx·sin(ω1t)·cos(ω2t)
ky(t)＝Ny·sin(ω1t)·sin(ω2t)
wherein k isx、kyRespectively as coordinates in the x and y directions; n is a radical ofx、NyRespectively a cylindrical k-space x,
Maximum value of the coordinate in the y-direction; omega1And omega2Represents kxAnd k isyTo the acquisition curve. By adjusting omega1And omega2The number of petals of the collection curve can be specifically changed.
And 3, determining a three-dimensional non-Cartesian track according to the codes of the plurality of acquisition planes and each acquisition curve. Fig. 2 shows a three-dimensional non-cartesian acquisition trajectory constructed according to the present embodiment. In the cylindrical k-space 20, three acquisition planes are chosen at equal intervals, and five-petal acquisition curves 21, 22, 23 are set on each acquisition plane.
And 4, designing a scanning time sequence according to the three-dimensional non-Cartesian track. In the present embodiment, a three-dimensional non-cartesian trajectory-based multi-echo sampling sequence shown in fig. 3 is designed according to the acquisition plane and the acquisition curve selected in fig. 3.
In FIG. 3, RF is the radio frequency excitation pulse, Gx is the x-axis applied magnetic field gradient, Gy is the y-axis applied magnetic field gradient, and Gz is the z-axis applied magnetic field gradient. Wherein the z-axis is the layer selection coding direction. 300 is a Radio Frequency (RF) excitation pulse; 301 and 302 form a slice selection gradient; 303 is the slice selection direction encoding gradient; 304 and 305 are readout encoding gradients; 306, 307, 308 represent destruction gradients for three encoding directions, respectively; 309 is the next RF excitation pulse; 310 denotes a first echo signal time, 311 denotes a second echo signal time, 312 denotes a third echo signal time, 313 denotes a fourth echo signal time, 314 denotes a fifth echo signal time, 315 denotes a repetition time of the scanning time sequence.
And 5, acquiring resonance data according to the designed scanning time sequence.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A multi-echo sampling method based on three-dimensional non-Cartesian tracks specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a cylindrical k space, selecting a plurality of acquisition planes in the cylindrical k space, and encoding the acquisition planes; the plurality of acquisition planes are parallel to each other; the plurality of acquisition planes are all perpendicular to the slice selection direction of the cylindrical k-space; the plurality of acquisition planes adopt equidistant coding to determine layer selection direction coordinates of the acquisition planes;
the equidistant coding satisfies the following relation:
Figure FDA0003488425320000011
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003488425320000012
layer selection direction coordinate, N, of the acquisition plane during the i-th layer selection codingzSelecting a maximum value of coordinates in a slice direction for the cylindrical k-space, i being a positive integer, i being 1,2z；
Step 2, selecting a data acquisition curve on each acquisition plane in the plurality of acquisition planes;
step 3, determining a three-dimensional non-Cartesian track according to the codes of the plurality of acquisition planes and each acquisition curve;
step 4, designing a scanning time sequence according to the three-dimensional non-Cartesian track;
and 5, acquiring resonance data according to the scanning time sequence.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, the plurality of acquisition planes are encoded non-equidistantly to determine slice-wise directional coordinates of the acquisition planes.
3. The three-dimensional non-cartesian trajectory based multi-echo sampling method according to claim 2, wherein the non-equidistant encoding satisfies the following relation:
Figure FDA0003488425320000013
where γ is the scaling factor, mod () is the remainder operation,
Figure FDA0003488425320000014
when coding the ith layer selectionCollecting the layer-selection direction coordinates of the plane, NzSelecting a maximum value of coordinates in a slice direction for the cylindrical k-space, i being a positive integer, i being 1,2z。
4. The three-dimensional non-cartesian trajectory based multi-echo sampling method according to claim 3, wherein the scaling factor γ satisfies the following relation:
Figure FDA0003488425320000015
5. the method of claim 4, wherein in step 2, the acquisition curve is a function of acquisition coordinates on the acquisition plane with respect to acquisition time.
6. The three-dimensional non-cartesian trajectory based multi-echo sampling method according to claim 5, applicable in quantitative susceptibility imaging techniques.
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