CN112556980B - Correction experimental device and method for influence of centrifugal force on rotor blade surface hot film measurement - Google Patents

Correction experimental device and method for influence of centrifugal force on rotor blade surface hot film measurement Download PDF

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CN112556980B
CN112556980B CN202011266375.4A CN202011266375A CN112556980B CN 112556980 B CN112556980 B CN 112556980B CN 202011266375 A CN202011266375 A CN 202011266375A CN 112556980 B CN112556980 B CN 112556980B
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hot film
rotor
measurement
rotor blade
influence
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CN112556980A (en
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韩戈
张燕峰
吴世勋
阳诚武
赵胜丰
卢新根
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Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
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Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M10/00Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/10Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for correcting the influence of centrifugal force on the measurement of a hot film on the surface of a rotor blade, belonging to the technical field of impeller machinery. The method can be directly applied to the thermal film measurement of the surface of the rotor blade of the impeller machine, and can improve the precision of the thermal film measurement of the rotor surface pneumatic parameters.

Description

Correction experimental device and method for influence of centrifugal force on rotor blade surface hot film measurement
Technical Field
The invention discloses a device for correcting the influence of centrifugal force on the measurement of a hot film on the surface of a rotor blade and a method for correcting the measurement of the hot film on the surface of the rotor blade by applying the device, and belongs to the technical field of impeller machinery. The device arranges the rotor with the hot film attached to the surface of the blade in a vacuum chamber, uses a driving unit to drive the rotor to rotate, obtains the quantitative value of the influence of the rotor blade on the hot film measurement under the action of centrifugal force under different rotating speeds by comparing the change of the output signal of the hot film of the rotor experimental piece under different rotating speeds, and further corrects the influence of the centrifugal force in the measurement of the hot film on the surface of the rotor. The method is suitable for correcting the influence of centrifugal force on hot film measurement when the hot film is used for measuring the pneumatic parameters of the gas working medium on the surface of the rotor blade in the impeller machinery.
Background
When impeller machinery blade surface boundary layer parameter measurement, receive adjacent blade influence, the passageway is narrow between the blade, and the probe can produce the disturbance and be difficult for arranging the air current, and general contact measurement and non-contact measurement all are difficult accurately to monitor the slight change of boundary layer flow signal simultaneously, therefore blade surface boundary layer parameter measurement is comparatively difficult. The surface thermal film has the characteristics of high frequency response, good synchronism and extremely small disturbance to a flow field, and has outstanding advantages in boundary layer measurement, so that the surface thermal film becomes a main means for measuring the dynamic characteristics of the boundary layer. The hot film measurement is realized through thermal balance, the constant temperature is maintained in a flow field by applying voltage to two ends of a hot film measurement unit, at the moment, the heat generated by the hot film measurement unit is balanced with the convective heat transfer of fluid, when the flow state changes, the temperature and the resistance value of the hot film measurement unit change due to the heat dissipated by the convective heat transfer, and the voltage applied to the two ends of the measurement unit also changes in order to maintain the constant temperature. The change in flow rate can be obtained from the change in voltage. However, when the hot film is applied to the flow field measurement of the rotor blade, the blade is deformed under the influence of centrifugal force, so that the hot film measuring unit is also deformed, the resistance value of the hot film measuring unit is changed, and finally, a measurement error is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for correcting the influence of centrifugal force on the measurement of a hot film on the surface of a rotor blade.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a correction experimental device for measuring influence of centrifugal force on a hot film on the surface of a rotor blade comprises a vacuum chamber, a hot film measuring unit, a rotor experimental part and a driving unit, and is characterized in that,
the rotor experimental part at least comprises a rotating shaft and an impeller fixedly arranged at the front end of the rotating shaft, the impeller is provided with a plurality of rotor blades along the circumferential direction, the impeller and the main body part of the rotating shaft are rotatably supported in the vacuum chamber, the tail end of the rotating shaft extends out of the vacuum chamber and is in transmission connection with the driving unit, and the impeller is driven by the driving unit to rotate in the vacuum environment of the vacuum chamber;
the hot film measuring unit comprises a hot film laid on the surface of the rotor blade, a signal transmission device arranged at the front end of the rotating shaft and a test computer arranged outside the vacuum chamber, the hot film is in communication connection with the signal transmission device through a hot film lead, and the signal transmission device is in communication connection with the test computer and is used for transmitting a hot film test signal from the rotor experimental piece to the test computer;
when the correction experiment device is operated, firstly, measuring a hot film output voltage signal under a static state in a vacuum environment; then, the driving unit is utilized to drive the rotor experimental part to rotate and stabilize to different rotating speeds in a vacuum environment, a plurality of hot film output voltage signals under different stable rotating speeds are measured, and the measured voltage signals are interpolated according to the rotating speeds to obtain a function relation of the hot film output voltage signals continuously changing along with the rotating speeds; and then, performing hot film measurement on the surface of the rotor blade in a real environment, subtracting the hot film output voltage value measured in the vacuum environment at the rotating speed from the hot film output voltage value measured in each working state, eliminating the influence of centrifugal force on the hot film measurement, and finishing the correction on the pneumatic parameter measurement of the hot film on the surface of the rotor blade.
Preferably, the driving unit is a variable frequency motor, the variable frequency motor is connected with the rotating shaft through a coupler, the variable frequency motor can stably work at any rotating speed of 20% -110% of the relative design rotating speed of the rotor, and the rotating speed of the rotor experimental part is adjusted by changing the frequency of the variable frequency motor.
Preferably, the rotor blades may be in the form of axial, centrifugal, and diagonal flow; the rotor working medium is gas.
Preferably, the rotating shaft of the rotor experimental part is supported by a bearing, a bearing seat and a support and is integrally arranged in a vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber is connected with a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump can be used for pumping air to enable the chamber to reach a vacuum state, air leakage is prevented between the vacuum chamber and the rotating shaft through a sealing device, and the vacuum state in the chamber can be kept. Preferably, the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment in the vacuum chamber can be kept to be not more than 200Pa for a long time.
Further, the bearing adopts a grease lubrication angular contact ball bearing so as to simplify a lubrication system and be capable of bearing a certain axial load.
Preferably, the rotating shaft adopts a hollow structure, the rotor experimental part adopts a cantilever supporting structure, a hot film test lead is conveniently laid on the surface and the hole center of the rotor, and the tested rotor is convenient to replace. The rotor and the blades are made into an integral blade disc structure, and hot film leading is facilitated.
Preferably, the signal transmission device is a slip ring or a wireless signal transmission instrument, so that a hot film test signal wire is led to the shaft end and then the signal transmission device is used for transmitting a hot film signal to the test computer; the signal transmission device is preferably a wireless signal transmission device to simplify the structure of the measuring device.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for correcting the influence of centrifugal force on the measurement of the hot film on the surface of the rotor blade by using the experimental device, which is characterized in that the method at least comprises the following steps,
SS1, after the whole device is installed, starting a driving unit, detecting the unbalance amount of the rotor experimental part after the hot film is laid, and preferentially adjusting the unbalance amount of the rotor in a counterweight mode;
SS2, after the dynamic balance of the rotor experimental part is completed, the vacuum chamber is pumped to a vacuum state by using a vacuum pump, and then a hot film measuring unit is started to measure a hot film output voltage signal under a static state;
SS3, driving the rotor experimental part to rotate stably to different rotating speeds by using the driving unit, measuring a plurality of hot film output voltage signals at different stable rotating speeds, and interpolating the measured voltage signals according to the rotating speeds to obtain a function relation of the hot film output voltage signals continuously changing along with the rotating speeds;
and SS4, developing the hot film measurement on the surface of the rotor blade in a real environment, subtracting the hot film output voltage value measured in the vacuum environment at the rotating speed from the hot film output voltage value measured in each working state, eliminating the influence of centrifugal force on the hot film measurement, and finishing the correction on the pneumatic parameter measurement of the hot film on the surface of the rotor blade.
Compared with the prior art, the device and the method for correcting the influence of centrifugal force on the measurement of the hot film on the surface of the rotor blade have the advantages that the rotor with the hot film attached to the surface of the blade is placed in the vacuum chamber, the driving unit is used for driving the rotor experiment piece to rotate, the quantitative values of the influence of the rotor blade on the measurement of the hot film under the action of the centrifugal force at different rotating speeds are obtained by comparing the change of the output signal of the hot film of the rotor experiment piece at different rotating speeds, and then the influence of the centrifugal force in the measurement of the hot film on the surface of the rotor blade is corrected. The method can be directly applied to the thermal film measurement of the surface of the rotor blade of the impeller machine, and can improve the precision of the thermal film measurement of the rotor surface pneumatic parameters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a correction experiment device for measuring influence of centrifugal force on a hot film on the surface of a rotor blade.
Description of reference numerals: the device comprises a rotor support 1, a bearing seat 2, a front baffle 3, a front bearing 4, a distance ring 5, a rotary table 6, a signal transmission device 7, a front nut 8, a lead hole 9, a hot film lead 10, a hot film 11, a rotor blade 12, a vacuum chamber 13, a vacuum pump 14, a rear bearing 15, a rear baffle 16, a rear nut 17, a rotating shaft 18, a sealing device 19, a coupling 20, a motor 21 and a motor support 22.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The structure and technical scheme of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and an embodiment of the present invention is provided.
As shown in FIG. 1, the experimental device for correcting the influence of centrifugal force on the measurement of the hot film on the surface of the rotor blade comprises a vacuum chamber 13, a hot film measuring unit, a rotor experimental part and a driving unit. The rotor experimental part at least comprises a rotating shaft 18 and an impeller fixedly arranged at the front end of the rotating shaft 18, the impeller is provided with a plurality of rotor blades 12 along the circumferential direction, the impeller and the main body part of the rotating shaft are rotatably supported in a vacuum chamber, the tail end of the rotating shaft extends out of the vacuum chamber 13 and is in transmission connection with a driving unit (preferably a variable frequency motor 21), and the impeller is driven by the driving unit to rotate in the vacuum environment of the vacuum chamber; the hot film measuring unit comprises a hot film 11 laid on the surface of the rotor blade, a signal transmission device 7 arranged at the front end of the rotating shaft and a testing computer arranged outside the vacuum chamber, wherein the hot film 11 is in communication connection with the signal transmission device 7 through a hot film lead 10, and the signal transmission device is in communication connection with the testing computer and used for transmitting a hot film testing signal to the testing computer from the rotor experimental part. When the correction experiment device runs, firstly, the driving unit is utilized to drive the rotor experiment piece to rotate in a vacuum environment, and the relation of the output voltage value of the thermal film in the vacuum environment along with the change of the rotating speed is obtained by measuring the output voltage of the thermal film at different rotating speeds; and then, the driving unit is utilized to drive the rotor experimental part to rotate in a non-vacuum environment, for any operation working condition, the voltage value output by the hot film is subtracted from the voltage value output by the hot film in the vacuum environment at the rotating speed, and the measured value of the pneumatic parameters of the hot film is corrected, so that the influence of centrifugal force on the pneumatic parameters of the surface of the hot film measuring rotor blade can be eliminated.
The experimental apparatus for correcting the influence of centrifugal force on the measurement of the hot film on the surface of the rotor blade according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to fig. 1.
(1) Thermal film test arrangement
As shown in fig. 1, the impeller of the rotor test piece comprises a rotating disk 6 and rotor blades 12, the rotating disk 6 and the rotor blades 12 are of a blisk structure, the positions of the rotor blades 12 where the thermal films 11 are laid are determined according to the flow characteristics of the measured rotor blades, and the thermal films 11 are laid on the rotor blades 12. The hot film lead wire 10 of the hot film measuring unit is laid along the surface of the rotor blade 12 and the front surface of the rotary disk 6 to a low radius, led to the hole center of the rotary shaft 18 through the rotary disk 6 and the lead hole 9 on the rotary shaft 18, and then led to the front end of the rotary shaft 18. And a signal transmission device 7 is arranged at the front end of the rotating shaft 18, the hot film lead 10 is connected with the signal transmission device 7, and the hot film test signal is transmitted to the test system and the computer from the rotor component. The signal transmission device can adopt a slip ring or a wireless signal transmission device and the like.
(2) Rotor experimental part
The rotating shaft 18 is supported by the front bearing 4 and the rear bearing 15, and the front bearing 4 and the rear bearing 15 are lubricated by grease at a low rotating speed and lubricated by oil at a high rotating speed. The front bearing 4 and the rear bearing 15 are installed in the bearing seat 2, the bearing seat 2 is supported by the rotor support 1, the outer ring of the front bearing 4 is axially positioned by the front baffle 3, and the outer ring of the rear bearing 15 is axially positioned by the rear baffle 16. The turntable 6 and the distance ring 5 are arranged at the front end of the bearing 4 in a cantilever manner, and the turntable 6 and the rotating shaft 18 are in interference fit and are in key torque transmission. The turntable 6, the distance ring 5 and the inner ring of the front bearing 4 are pressed against the shoulder of the rotary shaft 18 by means of the front nut 8. The inner ring of the rear bearing 15 is pressed against the shoulder of the rotating shaft 18 by means of a rear nut 17.
(3) Test device layout
The whole rotor test piece is placed in a vacuum chamber 13, and the vacuum chamber 13 is connected with a vacuum pump 14. The rotating shaft 18 extends out of the vacuum chamber 13, a sealing device 19 is arranged between the vacuum chamber 13 and the rotating shaft 18, and the sealing device 19 can adopt labyrinth sealing, brush sealing and other modes to ensure that the inside and the outside of the chamber are airtight. The rotating shaft 18 is connected with a motor 21 through a flexible coupling 20, and the motor 21 is supported through a motor support 22 and is guaranteed to be concentric with the rotating shaft 18.
(4) Test experiment and correction method
After the whole experimental device is installed, the motor 21 is started, the unbalance amount of the rotor is measured, the rotor is subjected to a balance test in a counterweight mode, after debugging is completed, the vacuum pump 14 is started to enable the vacuum chamber 13 to reach a vacuum state, the hot film testing system is started, and after the system is stabilized, the output voltage signal of the hot film 11 in a static state of the rotor is acquired. Starting the motor 21, collecting voltage signals output by the thermal film 11 on the rotor blade 12 after stable operation, increasing the rotating speed of the motor 21 to a certain specific rotating speed after collection, collecting the output voltage signals of the thermal film 11 again after stable operation, and repeating the increasing, rotating and collecting again until the highest rotating speed of the rotor is reached to obtain a plurality of output voltage signals of the thermal film 11 at different rotating speeds. And interpolating the voltage values output by the thermal film 11 on the surface of the rotor blade 12 at different rotating speeds to obtain the relation of the output voltage value of the surface thermal film 11 in the vacuum environment along with the change of the rotating speed. The rotor is placed in a real working environment, a hot film flow field test on the surface of the rotor blade is carried out, for a certain specific operating condition, the voltage value output by the hot film 11 is subtracted from the voltage value output by the hot film in a vacuum environment at the rotating speed, the measured value of the pneumatic parameters of the hot film is corrected, and the influence of centrifugal force on the pneumatic parameters of the surface of the hot film measuring rotor blade can be eliminated.
In addition, it should be noted that, in the present specification, only the test modification of the thermal film by the experimental apparatus is described, and the same applies to the thermal resistance and the like in which the test unit is affected by the centrifugal force, and the structure, the name and the like of the apparatus may be different. All equivalent or simple changes of the structure, the characteristics and the principle of the invention which are described in the patent conception of the invention are included in the protection scope of the patent of the invention. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims (8)

1. A correction experimental device for measuring influence of centrifugal force on a hot film on the surface of a rotor blade comprises a vacuum chamber, a hot film measuring unit, a rotor experimental part and a driving unit, and is characterized in that,
the rotor experimental part at least comprises a rotating shaft and an impeller fixedly arranged at the front end of the rotating shaft, the impeller is provided with a plurality of rotor blades along the circumferential direction, the impeller and the main body part of the rotating shaft are rotatably supported in the vacuum chamber, the tail end of the rotating shaft extends out of the vacuum chamber and is in transmission connection with the driving unit, and the impeller is driven by the driving unit to rotate in the vacuum environment of the vacuum chamber;
the hot film measuring unit comprises a hot film laid on the surface of the rotor blade, a signal transmission device arranged at the front end of the rotating shaft and a test computer arranged outside the vacuum chamber, the hot film is in communication connection with the signal transmission device through a hot film lead, and the signal transmission device is in communication connection with the test computer and is used for transmitting a hot film test signal from the rotor experimental piece to the test computer;
when the correction experiment device is operated, firstly, measuring a hot film output voltage signal under a static state in a vacuum environment; then, the driving unit is utilized to drive the rotor experimental part to rotate and stabilize to different rotating speeds in a vacuum environment, a plurality of hot film output voltage signals under different stable rotating speeds are measured, and the measured voltage signals are interpolated according to the rotating speeds to obtain a function relation of the hot film output voltage signals continuously changing along with the rotating speeds; and then, spreading hot film measurement on the surface of the rotor blade in a real environment, subtracting the hot film output voltage value measured in each working state from the hot film output voltage value measured in a vacuum environment at the rotating speed, eliminating the influence of centrifugal force on the hot film measurement, and finishing the correction on the measurement of the hot film pneumatic parameters on the surface of the rotor blade.
2. The experimental device for correcting the influence of the centrifugal force on the measurement of the thermal film on the surface of the rotor blade according to claim 1, wherein the driving unit is a variable frequency motor, the variable frequency motor is connected with the rotating shaft through a coupler, the variable frequency motor can stably work at any rotating speed of 20% -110% of the designed rotating speed of the rotor, and the rotating speed of the rotor experimental part is adjusted by changing the frequency of the variable frequency motor.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotor blade is in axial, centrifugal and diagonal flow form; the rotor working medium is gas.
4. The experimental device for correcting the influence of the centrifugal force on the measurement of the thermal film on the surface of the rotor blade according to claim 1, wherein a rotating shaft of the rotor experimental part is supported by a bearing, a bearing seat and a bracket and is integrally arranged in a vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber is connected with a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump can be used for pumping air to enable the chamber to reach a vacuum state, and the vacuum chamber and the rotating shaft are sealed by a sealing device to prevent air leakage and can keep the vacuum state in the chamber.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vacuum chamber is capable of maintaining a vacuum of not more than 200Pa for a long period of time.
6. The experimental device for correcting the influence of the centrifugal force on the measurement of the thermal film on the surface of the rotor blade is characterized in that the bearing adopts a grease lubrication angular contact ball bearing so as to simplify a lubrication system and bear a certain axial load.
7. The experimental apparatus for correcting the influence of centrifugal force on the measurement of the hot film on the surface of the rotor blade according to claim 1, wherein the signal transmission device is a slip ring or a wireless signal transmitter, so that the hot film signal is transmitted to the test computer by the signal transmission device after the hot film test signal wire is led to the shaft end; the signal transmission device is wireless signal transmission equipment so as to simplify the structure of the measuring device.
8. A method for correcting the influence of centrifugal force on the measurement of the thermal film on the surface of a rotor blade, which applies the correction experimental device for the influence of centrifugal force on the measurement of the thermal film on the surface of a rotor blade according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the method at least comprises the following steps,
SS1, after the whole set of device is installed, starting a driving unit, detecting the unbalance amount of the rotor experimental piece after the hot film is laid, and adjusting the unbalance amount of the rotor experimental piece in a counterweight mode;
SS2, after the dynamic balance of the rotor experimental part is completed, the vacuum chamber is pumped to a vacuum state by using a vacuum pump, and then a hot film measuring unit is started to measure a hot film output voltage signal under a static state;
SS3, driving the rotor experimental part to rotate stably to different rotating speeds by using the driving unit, measuring a plurality of hot film output voltage signals at different stable rotating speeds, and interpolating the measured voltage signals according to the rotating speeds to obtain a function relation of the hot film output voltage signals continuously changing along with the rotating speeds;
and SS4, developing the hot film measurement on the surface of the rotor blade in a real environment, subtracting the hot film output voltage value measured in the vacuum environment at the rotating speed from the hot film output voltage value measured in each working state, eliminating the influence of centrifugal force on the hot film measurement, and finishing the correction on the pneumatic parameter measurement of the hot film on the surface of the rotor blade.
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CN113340473B (en) * 2021-06-09 2023-01-17 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Rotor surface thermal film test correction method
CN114594277B (en) * 2022-03-23 2023-04-14 北京航空航天大学 Test method based on rotary hot film equipment and application thereof
CN114624465B (en) * 2022-03-23 2023-11-03 北京航空航天大学 Thermal film speed measuring method and device capable of realizing remote transmission under rotation condition

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