CN112555859A - Waste incineration power generation boiler and dynamic control method for asymmetric characteristic of flue gas pipe network of waste incineration power generation boiler - Google Patents
Waste incineration power generation boiler and dynamic control method for asymmetric characteristic of flue gas pipe network of waste incineration power generation boiler Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 378
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 354
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 8
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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Abstract
The invention relates to a waste incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic control method for asymmetric characteristics of a flue gas pipe network thereof, belonging to the control technology of the waste incineration power generation boiler, wherein according to an external air inlet amount arithmetic mathematical model of the waste incineration power generation boiler, an excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model and a dynamic control method for external air inlet amount and excess air coefficient, the external air inlet amount of the waste incineration power generation boiler is calculated through the argon content detected by flue gas analysis, and then the opening degree of an inlet valve of a draught fan is adjusted according to the difference between the set value of the external air inlet amount and the calculated value of the external air inlet amount, so that the external air inlet amount is always controlled within the range of the set value; regulating the air quantity of a secondary fan and the air quantity of a primary fan according to the oxygen content and the carbon monoxide content detected by flue gas analysis, so that the excess air coefficient is always controlled within a set value range; the multiple energy-saving and emission-reducing effects of improving the thermal efficiency of the boiler, reducing the pollution emission of NOx and VOC and realizing full-automatic control are obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a control technology of a waste incineration power generation boiler, in particular to an external air inlet amount control technology and an excess air coefficient control technology of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the invention does not relate to the type selection of a control system, control equipment and instruments.
Background
The waste incineration power generation is a resource comprehensive utilization project with development prospect at present, can improve the diversification of energy supply structures in China on one hand, and provides a new sustainable development mode for regional pollutant treatment and ecological environment quality maintenance on the other hand.
Compared with the traditional power plant boiler, the waste incineration power generation system has the advantages that the types, the quantity and the quality of raw materials are different, the combustion working condition in the waste incineration system is complex, the unstable factors are more, and the control difficulty is higher. For a waste incineration power generation boiler, the main problems existing in the prior art are that the combustion efficiency is not high, the pressure of a hearth is difficult to control stably, and the deeper problems are that the prior art lacks the control on the oxygen content and the excess air coefficient of flue gas, and the economic benefit and the pollutant emission reduction effect of a power plant are directly influenced as a result.
Different from the traditional power plant boiler, the waste incineration power generation boiler has higher requirement on the oxidizing atmosphere in the boiler, and the proper oxidizing atmosphere is favorable for fully burning the waste, thereby not only improving the thermal efficiency of the boiler, but also effectively controlling nitric oxide NOXAnd harmful gases such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), dioxin and the like are discharged, so that the dynamic control of the excess air coefficient is very important for the waste incineration power generation boiler.
Unfortunately, the waste incineration power generation boiler still lacks a dynamic control technology related to the oxidizing atmosphere in the boiler so far, and the prior art fundamentally cannot meet the deep energy-saving and emission-reducing requirements of the waste incineration power generation boiler due to the lack of control functions on the oxygen content of the flue gas and the excess air coefficient, so that theoretical research and application technologies need to be broken through urgently.
The waste incineration power generation boiler and the dynamic control method for the asymmetric characteristic of the flue gas pipe network thereof do not have published publications, documents or data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to seek and break through the technical bottleneck restricting the prior art according to the characteristics of the operation working condition of the waste incineration power generation boiler, research and develop the waste incineration power generation boiler adaptive to the operation working condition of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the dynamic control method of the asymmetric characteristic of the flue gas pipe network thereof, and realize the effects of deep energy conservation and emission reduction of the waste incineration power generation boiler.
The key point of the invention is to research the problems existing in the prior art, break through the foundation and the framework of the prior art, creatively establish the asymmetric system theory of the waste incineration power generation boiler according to the operating condition characteristics of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the physical characteristics of a flue gas pipe network, research and develop an external air inlet amount calculation mathematical model and a waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model, research and develop a dynamic control method of the external air inlet amount and the excess air coefficient based on the asymmetric system theory of the waste incineration power generation boiler, calculate the external air inlet amount of the waste incineration power generation boiler through the argon content detected by flue gas analysis, then adjust the opening degree of an inlet valve of an induced draft fan according to the difference between the external air inlet amount set value of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the external air inlet amount calculated value of the waste incineration power generation boiler, the closed-loop dynamic regulation system for the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is formed, so that the external air inlet quantity is always controlled within a set value range; adjusting the air quantity of a secondary fan and the air quantity of a primary fan according to the oxygen content and the carbon monoxide content detected by flue gas analysis to control the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler, so as to form a closed-loop dynamic adjustment system for the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler, and controlling the excess air coefficient within a set value range all the time; the effective control of the external air inlet amount and the excess air coefficient achieves multiple energy-saving and emission-reducing effects of improving the heat efficiency of the waste incineration power generation boiler, reducing the total amount of generated smoke, improving the energy-saving amount of the induced draft fan, reducing the pollution emission of NOx and VOC, realizing the full-automatic control of the waste incineration power generation boiler, reducing the labor intensity of operators, improving the production operation rate, and obtaining multiple benefits of energy saving, emission reduction, yield increase and quality guarantee.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a technical scheme of a waste incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic control method for asymmetric characteristics of a flue gas pipe network of the waste incineration power generation boiler, wherein 1 in FIG. 1 is an HMI operation station of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system, 2 is an external air inlet amount set value, 3 is adjustment of an opening degree of an inlet valve of an induced draft fan, 4 is an external air inlet amount mathematical model of the waste incineration power generation boiler, 5 is detection of Ar content in flue gas, 6 is detection of flue gas flow, 7 is detection of primary air quantity, 8 is detection of secondary air quantity, 9 is input of an occupation ratio coefficient k, 10 is an excess air coefficient mathematical model of the waste incineration power generation boiler, 11 is an excess air coefficient set value, 12 is O in2Quantity detection, 13 is secondary fan air quantity regulation, 14 is an air-fuel ratio, 15 is a set value of the hearth temperature, 16 is an actual value of the hearth temperature, 17 is primary fan air volume adjustment, 18 is a set value of CO of the waste incineration power generation boiler, 19 is an actual value of CO in flue gas, 20 is a set value of the hearth pressure, 21 is draught fan air volume adjustment, 22 is an actual value of the hearth pressure, and 23 is field process equipment of the waste incineration power generation boiler.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of a control system for a waste incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic control method for the asymmetric characteristics of a flue gas pipe network thereof, wherein 1 in FIG. 2 is a main process control system of the waste incineration power generation boiler, 2 is an HMI operation station of the waste incineration power generation boiler control system, 3 is an external air intake set value, 4 is an excess air coefficient set value, 5 is a CO set value of the waste incineration power generation boiler, 6 is a furnace pressure set value, 7 is a furnace temperature set value, 8 is an air-fuel ratio setting input, 9 is a proportion coefficient k input, 10 is a dynamic controller for the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network thereof, 11 is the detection of the Ar content in the flue gas, 12 is the O content in2The method comprises the following steps of content detection, 13 detection of CO content in flue gas, 14 detection of flue gas flow, 15 detection of primary fan air quantity, 16 detection of secondary fan air quantity, 17 detection of furnace pressure, 18 detection of furnace temperature, 19 adjustment of opening degree of an inlet valve of an induced draft fan, 20 adjustment of induced draft fan air quantity, 21 adjustment of primary fan air quantity, 22 adjustment of secondary fan air quantity, 23 information of field process equipment, and 24 field process equipment of a waste incineration power generation boiler.
The system of fig. 1 is constructed according to the general characteristics of a waste incineration power generation boiler, and actually, the waste incineration power generation boiler has various processes and equipment, various types of waste incineration power generation boilers are provided, the process parameters and equipment arrangement are different, and in order to avoid confusion caused by describing cumbersome, the description of the technical scheme is only convenient for explaining the control principle, so that the general situation with the general characteristics is considered, and the details of the process equipment composition of the specific waste incineration power generation boiler are not distinguished; however, the control principle, the conclusion and the beneficial effect obtained by the method are suitable for the application of the waste incineration power generation boiler with the hearth operating under the micro-negative pressure.
Detailed Description
Basic terms and definitions: the excess air factor in the waste incineration power generation boiler system, also called the excess air factor or the air excess factor, is defined as the ratio of the actual air requirement to the theoretical air requirement during fuel combustion, and is denoted by the letter α.
The excess air ratio refers, by definition, to the result obtained by the combustion system of the waste incineration power generation boiler at the set air-fuel ratio, i.e. the combustion effect of the combustion air and the fuel under the condition of the air-fuel ratio. The combustion effect does not include the effect generated by combustion generated by the external air inlet amount of the waste incineration power generation boiler, although partial or complete combustion may be generated by the external air inlet amount of the waste incineration power generation boiler, compared with a combustion system based on an air-fuel ratio, the combustion effect has negative effects and is not beneficial to improving the heat efficiency of the waste incineration power generation boiler because the external air inlet amount of the waste incineration power generation boiler is cold air and heat loss is generated, and the emission of NOx and VOC can be increased by the oxidizing atmosphere caused by excess air; the excess air factor and the outside air intake of the waste incineration power generation boiler have different meanings, so that the oxygen content detected in the flue pipe network does not represent either the excess air factor or the outside air intake, and the oxygen content is a mixed result of the excess air factor and the outside air intake.
The method for controlling the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler in the prior art is to calculate and estimate the excess air coefficient value according to the detected oxygen content and carbon monoxide content in the flue gas, different types of waste incineration power generation boilers have recommended excess air coefficient ranges or excess air coefficient limit values and are used for guiding operators to manually adjust the excess air coefficient, and the method is not preferable in practice.
The reason is that:
first, the recognition of the excess air ratio of the waste incineration power generation boiler by the prior art is problematic, and according to the definition of the excess air ratio, the so-called excess air ratio obtained by detecting the oxygen content in the flue gas by the prior art is not a true excess air ratio because it contains the oxygen content in the external air intake of the waste incineration power generation boiler, and the true excess air ratio refers to the result of combustion after the air-fuel ratio control is set and does not include the oxygen content in the external air intake. The concept can be proved from the new version of the atmospheric pollutant emission standard GB13271-2014 of the boiler, the new national standard adopts the expression of 'reference oxygen content' for the pollutant emission concentration instead of the 'excess air coefficient' of the original national standard GB13271-2001, namely the detected oxygen content in the flue gas is not equal to the 'excess air coefficient', and the past fuzzy concept is corrected; the prior art does not have a method for accurately calculating the excess air coefficient according to the detected oxygen content in the smoke, so that the method for adopting the reference oxygen content for the pollutant emission concentration by the new national standard is an intelligent way at present, and misdirection is avoided.
Secondly, the perceived deviation makes the prior art difficult to implement because without specific guidance from theory, the operator can only adjust experimentally based on the recommended excess air factor range or the excess air factor limit value, and it is difficult to obtain the expected result, and in fact, the dynamic automatic control function of the excess air factor is currently missing in the garbage incineration power boiler system control.
The dynamic control technology for the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler is a typical problem which puzzles people for a long time on industrial control, is a common problem of the waste incineration power generation boiler with similar working conditions, is a problem called as complex industrial system control in the industry, and is very representative. The prior art has not found a method for dynamically controlling the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler so far, and the method also stays in a control mode of manual adjustment or automatic and manual intervention, wherein the control strategy is not correct.
The measured oxygen content in the flue gas does not represent the excess air factor α, and using the oxygen content to represent or scale the excess air factor for combustion control can produce erroneous results. The hazards that would be created by prior art control strategies are analyzed qualitatively below.
Setting the detected oxygen content in the flue gas as A, wherein the oxygen in the flue gas consists of two parts, namely, residual oxygen caused by improper air-fuel ratio is set as B; secondly, oxygen brought by the outside air of the kiln is set as C; b has three cases of alpha > 1, alpha-1 and alpha < 1; however, there is only one case of C, that is, there is no possibility that external air does not enter at all according to the basic characteristics of the waste incineration power generation boiler, so that there is no case where oxygen is zero, and there is only a case where oxygen > 0; if considering that C can be partially combusted, completely combusted or not combusted with CO in the flue gas and C can react with nitrogen under the high-temperature condition to generate NOx, part of oxygen generated by the combustion and chemical combination reaction is D; according to these conditions, the oxygen measured in the flue gas is a combination of two oxygen fractions, B and C, and the combination into A is three, in the first case, when alpha is more than 1, B and C are mixed, and A is B + C-D; the second case is when α is 1, i.e., when the air-fuel ratio is 1, when B is zero, a is C-D; the third case is when α < 1, i.e. B has zero residual oxygen but there is residual CO, then a ═ C-D.
The prior art is controlled according to A, in the first case, the operator adjusts the combustion air to reduce or increase the gas ratio to reduce B, but actually the control is controlled by referring to A, and because A is more than B, the control result is that alpha is less than 1; in the second case, since the air-fuel ratio is 1, the operator adjusts the combustion air to reduce or increase the gas ratio, and the control result inevitably makes alpha < 1; in the third case, the result of the control is the same as in the second case, and α < 1 is also set, except that the combustion condition is more deteriorated.
From the above analysis, the strategy of control according to the prior art according to a, in either case, results in α < 1, and therefore, compared to the situation before the control, causes deterioration of combustion as an inevitable consequence, and as a result, increases in fuel consumption, decreases in furnace thermal efficiency, and increases in NOx emission, so the prior art control strategy is not preferable.
Then, how is combustion optimization control performed? How can the waste incineration power generation boiler be made to improve the thermal efficiency? What is the prior art symptom? How to solve the problems of the prior art? The invention will now give theoretical analysis, conclusions, control strategies and technical solutions.
Theoretical analysis:
the technology suffers from bottlenecks and must present fatal obstacles. The technical bottleneck is broken through, the thinking is different from the prior art, the constraint of the prior art framework is broken through, and the important thing is that the essence of the controlled object needs to be reviewed, namely the incorrect cognition of the prior art on the controlled object needs to be subverted.
Analyzing the condition of a common furnace, wherein the furnace gas amount generated in the furnace is changed along with the change of technological process parameters or production load, and the furnace gas amount is increased or decreased along with the increase or decrease of the production load; however, the furnace has the common characteristic that under the condition that external pre-applied control is not available, the furnace pressure is increased when the furnace gas quantity is increased; when the amount of furnace gas is reduced, the pressure of the hearth is not reduced but kept in the original state; the phenomenon of the furnace is formed by the characteristics of furnace equipment and the characteristics of a smoke pipe network, the furnace equipment is not tight closed equipment and generally operates in a state that the pressure of a hearth is micro negative pressure, and furnace gas generated in the furnace is discharged by the smoke pipe network under the action of an induced draft fan. When the load of the furnace kiln is increased, the gas quantity is increased, the pressure of the hearth is increased, the hearth pressure detection and adjustment system controls the speed of an induced draft fan or the opening degree of an inlet valve of the induced draft fan, the output flow of the flue gas is changed, and the pressure is balanced; when the load of the furnace is reduced, the furnace gas amount is reduced, but the hearth pressure is not changed or has no obvious change at the moment, because when the furnace gas amount is gradually reduced, the reduced part is gradually filled by the air entering from the outside of the furnace and the smoke generated by the air, the hearth pressure is still in a balanced state, and at the moment, the hearth pressure detection and adjustment system does not start the hearth pressure adjustment. This phenomenon of the kiln, we call the "asymmetric system" process.
The "asymmetric system" is very covert and fraudulent, thus masking and deceiving the prior art. Supposing that, the prior art adopts a symmetry control strategy which is used consistently to control an asymmetric system, and forms a pressure closed loop to adjust the hearth pressure according to the hearth pressure detection, so that a phenomenon of unilateral adjustment is actually caused, namely, the system only has an adjusting effect when the furnace gas quantity is increased actually, and has no adjusting effect when the furnace gas quantity is reduced, if the system repeats the process of increasing and reducing the furnace gas quantity for several times, the hearth pressure adjusting system will collapse or enter an unstable running state, which is the problem that the hearth pressure system is difficult to control stably for a long time; for a furnace with relatively stable production load, although the hearth pressure shows that the pressure fluctuates in a relatively small range, people feel that the hearth pressure is in a good control state, the oxygen content index detected in flue gas can prove that the oxygen content index of the system is gradually deteriorated under the representation of stable hearth pressure, which shows that the prior art is in an out-of-control state for the external air inlet amount actually; meanwhile, the rise of the oxygen content misleads the prior art to manually adjust the excess air coefficient, so that the combustion system which is in stable operation enters a chaotic state, thereby influencing the disorder of temperature control, which is the root cause of the difficulty in stable control of the furnace temperature system encountered by the furnace for a long time, but the prior art has not realized the influence of an asymmetric system, but instead, the reason that the furnace temperature system is difficult to stably control is attributed to the influences of factors such as the instability of the pressure of a combustion medium pipe network, the change of the components of the combustion medium and the like, so the passive situation that the furnace temperature system is difficult to stably control is formed by the adopted temperature control strategy and the objective actual south-thill north rut.
The waste incineration power generation boiler is also a kiln and has the general characteristics of the kiln, so the asymmetric characteristics of the kiln also exist in the waste incineration power generation boiler, the stable control of the pressure and the temperature of a hearth of the waste incineration power generation boiler is directly influenced, and the waste incineration power generation boiler is different from the general kiln in that the kiln is a kiln with more complex operation working conditions and has the characteristics of different processes and equipment.
The technical scheme is as follows:
theoretically speaking, the furnace kiln asymmetric system theory established by disclosing the operation physical characteristics of the furnace kiln and the flue gas pipe network thereof lays a theoretical foundation for realizing dynamic control of the pressure and the temperature of the hearth of the waste incineration power generation boiler, and then specifically solves the problems which are not solved or can not be solved by the prior art.
The prior art does not solve the problem of dynamic control of excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler, especially does not realize the influence of the external air inlet amount of the waste incineration power generation boiler on the control of the pressure and the temperature of a hearth of the waste incineration power generation boiler, and is limited to a mode of detecting the oxygen content through flue gas analysis, converting the oxygen content into the so-called excess air coefficient and manually adjusting the combustion-supporting air quantity by an operator; in fact, since the oxygen content detected by flue gas analysis does not represent the true excess air coefficient, and the so-called optimal excess air coefficient obtained by system test or simulation calculation is also performed under incorrect conditions, the excess air coefficient obtained by the prior art and the adopted control strategy fundamentally have serious technical flaws, and therefore, the prior art cannot realize the dynamic automatic control of the excess air coefficient.
The problem is solved by correctly analyzing and accurately calculating the excess air coefficient, wherein one part of the oxygen content detected in flue gas is residual oxygen with overlarge excess air coefficient due to improper air-fuel ratio coefficient of a combustion system, and the other part is oxygen contained in air entering from the outside of the waste incineration power generation boiler and combusted or uncombusted in the waste incineration power generation boiler and a pipe network; how to accurately calculate the oxygen content of each part is a key problem to be solved by the technical scheme, and to know the oxygen content related to the excess air coefficient, firstly, the oxygen content of the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is calculated, and then the oxygen content of the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is subtracted from the oxygen content measured in flue gas, so that the oxygen content related to the excess air coefficient can be obtained; the oxygen content of the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler needs to be calculated, the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler needs to be known firstly, and therefore a dynamic control technology for the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is generated, and the technology is a novel technology which is relatively novel and leapfrog in the prior art.
In order to control the external air inlet amount, firstly, the external air inlet amount needs to be accurately calculated, and a mathematical model formula (1) for the external air inlet amount of the waste incineration power generation boiler is developed for the invention:
in the formula:
Qf: air flow rate of primary fan, m3/s；
Qs: air flow rate of secondary fan, m3/s；
Arb: the reference argon mole fraction in air, mol%;
Qw: flue gas flow rate, m3/s；
Arw: argon mole fraction, mol%, in the flue gas;
Qair: air quantity m entering from outside of waste incineration power generation boiler3/s。
According to the characteristic that inert gas is difficult to participate in chemical reaction, the method for detecting the inert gas in the flue gas is adopted to calculate the air inlet amount outside the waste incineration power generation boiler, and the calculation accuracy can be guaranteed.
After the external air inlet quantity is accurately calculated by the mathematical model for calculating the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler, the analysis and calculation of oxygen quantity can be carried out, and the mathematical model for calculating the oxygen quantity in the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler in the formula (2) can be obtained according to the formula (1).
In the formula:
Qf: air flow rate of primary fan, m3/s；
Qs: air flow rate of secondary fan, m3/s；
Arb: the reference argon mole fraction in air, mol%;
Qw: flue gas flow rate, m3/s；
Arw: argon mole fraction, mol%, in the flue gas;
O2e: oxygen content in external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is mol;
the oxygen amount in the outside air intake amount calculated by the mathematical model of the formula (2) is subtracted from the oxygen amount detected in the flue gas, so that the actual value of the oxygen content in the excess air coefficient can be obtained, and the value is calculated by the mathematical model for calculating the oxygen content in the excess air coefficient of the formula (3).
In the formula:
O2a: actual value of oxygen content,%, in excess air coefficient;
Qw: flue gas flow rate, m3/s；
O21: oxygen mole fraction in flue gas, mol%;
O2e: oxygen content in external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is mol;
k: the ratio coefficient is 0-1;
k in the formula (3) is the residual percentage of oxygen in the external air intake when the oxygen reaches the flue detection point, namely the proportion of the residual oxygen to the oxygen in the external air intake, which is called the proportion coefficient for short, and the value range is 0-1; because of the amount of oxygen O entering from the outside2eThe combustion is possible to be unburnt, partially burnt or totally burnt, is a variable related to the air leakage quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler and a flue gas pipe network thereof, and cannot be accurately mathematically calculated, so that the problem is solved by adopting a method of engineering coefficient; and the occupation ratio coefficient k is determined by a waste incineration power generation boiler process engineer according to the detection statistical data of the external air inlet amount of the power generation boiler body and the air leakage amount of the flue gas pipe network and is input in an HMI operation station.
Substituting the formula (3) into the simplified excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model formula (4) to obtain an excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model of the formula (5);
in the formula:
O2a: actual value of oxygen content,%, in excess air coefficient;
α: excess air factor, > 0.
In the formula:
Qw: flue gas flow rate, m3/s；
O21: oxygen mole fraction in flue gas, mol%;
O2e: oxygen content in external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is mol;
k: the ratio coefficient is 0-1;
α: excess air factor, > 0.
The dynamic control problem of the waste incineration power generation boiler is solved by using mathematical models of a formula (1), a formula (2), a formula (3), a formula (4) and a formula (5) and based on a kiln asymmetric system theory and adopting a corresponding control strategy.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a technical scheme of a waste incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic control method for the asymmetric characteristics of a flue gas pipe network of the waste incineration power generation boiler, wherein an HMI operation station (1) of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system is a human-computer interaction interface of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the dynamic control system for the asymmetric characteristics of the flue gas pipe network of the waste incineration power generation boiler; an external air inlet quantity set value (2) is connected with an HMI operation station (1) of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system and an opening degree adjustment (3) of an inlet valve of a draught fan, and the set value is input by a human-computer interaction interface; the opening degree adjustment (3) of the inlet valve of the induced draft fan is connected with an external air inlet quantity set value (2), an external air inlet quantity arithmetic mathematical model (4) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and field process equipment (23) of the waste incineration power generation boilerThen, the opening of an inlet valve of the induced draft fan is adjusted by the difference value of the external air inlet quantity set value (2) and the external air inlet quantity arithmetic mathematical model (4) of the waste incineration power generation boiler, the flow of smoke flowing through the inlet valve is controlled, the external air is inhibited from entering, and the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is controlled within the set value range; the method comprises the following steps that a waste incineration power generation boiler external air inlet quantity calculation mathematical model (4) is connected with Ar content detection (5) in flue gas, flue gas flow detection (6), primary fan air quantity detection (7), secondary fan air quantity detection (8), a waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model (10) and draught fan inlet valve opening degree regulation (3), waste incineration power generation boiler external air inlet quantity calculation is carried out according to the Ar content, the flue gas flow, the primary fan air quantity and the secondary fan air quantity in the flue gas, and calculation results are sent to the draught fan inlet valve opening degree regulation (3) and the waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model (10); the detection (5) of the Ar content in the flue gas is connected with an external air inlet quantity mathematical model (4) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and field process equipment (23) of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the flue gas flow detection (6) is connected with an external air inlet quantity mathematical model (4) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and field process equipment (23) of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the primary fan air volume detection (7) is connected with an external air inlet volume mathematical model (4) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and field process equipment (23) of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the secondary fan air volume detection (8) is connected with an external air inlet volume mathematical model (4) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and field process equipment (23) of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the proportion coefficient k input (9) is connected with a waste incineration power generation boiler control system HMI operation station (1) and a waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model (10); an excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler, an outside air inlet amount calculation mathematical model (4) of the waste incineration power generation boiler, an excess air coefficient set value (11) and O in smoke2The quantity detection (12) and the secondary fan air quantity regulation (13) are connected, and on the basis of the garbage incineration power generation boiler external air inlet quantity calculation mathematical model, a garbage incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model and an excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model are derivedAdjusting the air quantity of a secondary fan by the difference value of the coefficient set value and the excess air coefficient calculated value of the waste incineration power generation boiler, and dynamically controlling the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the set value (11) of the excess air coefficient is a set value and is input by a human-computer interaction interface of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system HMI operation station (1); o in flue gas2The quantity detected (12) is O2Measuring an actual value as a feedback value to participate in the calculation of the excess air coefficient; the air quantity regulation (13) of the secondary fan is controlled quantity, and the excess air coefficient calculation difference value is used for regulating the air quantity of the secondary fan and regulating the excess air coefficient; the air-fuel ratio (14) is input from a human-computer interaction interface of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system HMI operation station (1); the set value (15) of the hearth temperature is a set value and is input by a human-computer interaction interface of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system HMI (human machine interface) operation station (1); the actual value (16) of the furnace temperature is a feedback value of the furnace temperature control; the primary fan air quantity regulation (17) is controlled quantity, and the primary fan air quantity is regulated according to the difference value of the set value of the hearth temperature and the actual value of the hearth temperature, so that the hearth temperature is dynamically controlled; the CO set value (18) of the waste incineration power generation boiler is a set value and is input by a human-computer interaction interface of an HMI (human machine interface) operation station (1) of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system; the actual value (19) of CO in the flue gas is a CO detection actual value, and is compared with a CO set value (18) of the waste incineration power generation boiler as negative feedback, and the difference value is used for adjusting the air quantity of a primary air fan so as to improve the combustion condition; the set value (20) of the hearth pressure is a set value and is input by a human-computer interaction interface of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system HMI (human machine interface) operation station (1); the air volume adjustment (21) of the induced draft fan is connected with a furnace pressure set value (20), a furnace pressure actual value (22) and field process equipment (23) of the waste incineration power generation boiler, the air volume of the induced draft fan is adjusted according to the feedback difference of the furnace pressure set value and the furnace pressure actual value, and the furnace pressure is dynamically controlled; the on-site process equipment (23) of the waste incineration power generation boiler is on-site on-line equipment of the waste incineration power generation boiler.
The technical scheme is implemented by a control system configuration diagram of a waste incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic control method for the asymmetric characteristic of a flue gas pipe network thereof shown in figure 2, and a main process control system of the waste incineration power generation boiler in figure 2The system (1) is a main control system of the waste incineration power generation boiler, comprises the control of a waste incineration power generation boiler body and accessory equipment thereof, and is connected with the waste incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic controller (10) of a flue gas pipe network asymmetric system of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the HMI operation station (2) of the control system of the waste incineration power generation boiler is a computer-based human-computer interaction interface for operation and picture display and is connected with the waste incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic controller (10) of the asymmetric system of the flue gas pipe network of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the set value (3) of the external air inlet amount is a system control target set value, and the set value is sent to a dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the asymmetric system of the flue gas pipe network thereof from an HMI operation station (2) of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system; the set value (4) of the excess air coefficient is a system control target set value, and the set value is sent to a dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the asymmetric system of the flue gas pipe network thereof from an HMI operation station (2) of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system; the CO set value (5) of the waste incineration power generation boiler is a system control target set value, and the set value is sent to the waste incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic controller (10) of the asymmetric system of the flue gas pipe network of the waste incineration power generation boiler from an HMI operation station (2) of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system; the furnace pressure set value (6) is a system control target set value, and the set value is sent to the garbage incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic controller (10) of the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system of the garbage incineration power generation boiler from an HMI operation station (2) of a garbage incineration power generation boiler control system; the furnace temperature set value (7) is a system control target set value, and the set value is sent to the garbage incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic controller (10) of the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system of the garbage incineration power generation boiler from an HMI operation station (2) of a garbage incineration power generation boiler control system; the air-fuel ratio setting input (8) is a system control setting value, and the setting value is sent to the garbage incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic controller (10) of the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system of the garbage incineration power generation boiler from an HMI operation station (2) of a garbage incineration power generation boiler control system; the input (9) of the proportion coefficient k is a mathematical model calculation parameter, comes from a waste incineration power generation boiler control system HMI operation station (2), and is sent to a waste incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic controller (10) of a flue gas pipe network asymmetric system of the waste incineration power generation boiler; a dynamic controller (10) for the asymmetric system of a waste incineration power generation boiler and a flue gas pipe network thereof is used for dynamically controlling the asymmetric system of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network thereofThe system core is composed of a DCS or a similar digital controller, and is provided with a waste incineration power generation boiler external air inlet quantity mathematical model, a waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient mathematical model, a waste incineration power generation boiler external air inlet quantity closed-loop dynamic control and waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient closed-loop dynamic control software; the detection (11) of the Ar content in the flue gas is the actual detection value of the flue gas, and the actual detection value is sent to a dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and a flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof and is used for calculating the external air inlet amount by a mathematical model; o in flue gas2The content detection (12) is a flue O2The content detection value is sent to a dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system, and is used for calculating the oxygen content in the external air inlet amount by a mathematical model; the detection (13) of the CO content in the flue gas is a detection value of the CO content in the flue gas, and the detection value is sent to a dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and an asymmetric system of a flue gas pipe network thereof and is used for adjusting the air volume of a primary air fan and controlling the CO content; the flue gas flow detection (14) is a flue gas flow actual value, is connected with the dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof, and is used for calculating the external air inlet amount by a mathematical model; the primary fan air quantity detection (15) is a primary fan air quantity detection value and is sent to the dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof for calculating the external air inlet quantity by a mathematical model; the secondary fan air quantity detection (16) is a secondary fan air quantity detection value and is sent to the dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof for calculating the external air inlet quantity by a mathematical model; the hearth pressure detection (17) is a hearth pressure detection actual value, and is sent to a dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof, and is used for adjusting the air quantity of an induced draft fan and dynamically controlling the hearth pressure; the hearth temperature detection (18) is a hearth temperature detection actual value, and is sent to the dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system for dynamically adjusting the hearth temperature; the inlet valve opening degree regulation (19) of the induced draft fan is connected with the dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof and is used for guidingThe opening degree of the inlet valve of the fan is adjusted to inhibit the external air from entering, so that the entering amount of the external air is controlled; the draught fan air volume adjusting device (20) is connected with the garbage incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic controller (10) of the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof and is used for dynamically adjusting the hearth pressure; the primary fan air volume regulator (21) is connected with the waste incineration power generation boiler and a flue gas pipe network asymmetric system dynamic controller (10) thereof and is used for regulating the temperature and CO of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the secondary fan air volume adjusting device (22) is connected with the waste incineration power generation boiler and the dynamic controller (10) of the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof and is used for adjusting the temperature and the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the field process equipment process information (23) collects the running signals and state information of equipment and detectors of the field process equipment (24) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and sends the running signals and state information to the dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the asymmetric system of the flue gas pipe network of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the on-site process equipment (24) of the waste incineration power generation boiler is on-site on-line equipment of the waste incineration power generation boiler.
In order to improve the heat efficiency of the waste incineration power generation boiler, the excess air coefficient and the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler are controllable; the excess air coefficient is controllable, and the combustion effect can be optimized; the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is controllable, and the optimization for reducing the heat loss of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the pressure stability control of the waste incineration power generation boiler can be obtained; the two controls are realized, so that the technical bottleneck restricting the prior art is broken through, and the dynamic automatic control of the asymmetric system of the waste incineration power generation boiler is realized.
Dynamic control system for external air inlet amount of waste incineration power generation boiler
In the calculation of the mathematical model of the external air inlet amount of the waste incineration power generation boiler, a very simple, convenient, accurate and reliable method is adopted for detecting the argon content in the flue gas to calculate the external air inlet amount of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the opening of the inlet valve of the induced draft fan is adjusted according to the deviation of the set value and the calculated value of the external air intake quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler, so that the opening of the inlet valve is basically matched with the actual gas quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler, the external air intake is inhibited, further, the speed of the induced draft fan is adjusted by adopting the hearth pressure detection, the hearth pressure is dynamically controlled, the problem that an asymmetric system of the waste incineration power generation boiler is uncontrollable is solved, even if the load of the waste incineration power generation boiler is reduced, the inlet valve of the induced draft fan is adjusted to reduce the opening due to the adjusting function of the dynamic control system of the external air intake quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler, the hearth pressure is reduced, the hearth pressure adjusting system adjusts the speed of the induced draft fan, so that the hearth pressure is newly balanced, when the opening degree of the inlet valve of the induced draft fan is basically matched with the actual furnace gas amount, the characteristics of a fan pipe network are also well improved, the speed change range of the induced draft fan is greatly improved, the surge problem of the fan cannot occur, and the requirements of energy saving and optimization of the full working condition range of the induced draft fan can be met.
The stability of the hearth pressure is one of the necessary conditions for the normal operation of the waste incineration power generation boiler, and the hearth pressure can be stably controlled only on the premise of effectively controlling the external air inlet amount of the waste incineration power generation boiler, namely, the stability of the hearth pressure is seriously influenced by the external air inlet amount generated by the asymmetric characteristic of the waste incineration power generation boiler on the physical characteristic; under the precondition that the opening of an inlet valve of the induced draft fan is controlled according to the external air inlet amount of the waste incineration power generation boiler, the speed of the induced draft fan is controlled by detecting the pressure of the hearth, and the key technology for adjusting the asymmetric system of the waste incineration power generation boiler is adopted.
Fig. 1 shows that a closed-loop dynamic control system for the external air intake of a waste incineration power generation boiler is formed by a waste incineration power generation boiler control system HMI operation station (1), an external air intake set value (2), an inlet valve opening adjustment of an induced draft fan (3), an external air intake mathematical model of the waste incineration power generation boiler (4), an Ar content detection in flue gas (5), a flue gas flow detection (6), a primary air flow detection (7), a secondary air flow detection (8), a furnace pressure set value (20), an induced draft fan air flow adjustment (21), a furnace pressure actual value (22) and field process equipment of the waste incineration power generation boiler (23).
Waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient dynamic control system
The method comprises the steps of calculating an excess air coefficient according to a mathematical model for calculating the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler by adopting a method for detecting the oxygen content and the carbon monoxide content in flue gas, adjusting the air quantity of a secondary fan according to the difference between the set value of the excess air coefficient and the calculated value of the excess air coefficient, and adjusting the air quantity of a primary fan according to the difference between the detected CO value and the set value of CO so as to enable the excess air coefficient to be stabilized within the range of the set value.
FIG. 1 shows a technical scheme of a waste incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic control method for asymmetric characteristics of a flue gas pipe network of the waste incineration power generation boiler, wherein in a block diagram of the technical scheme, a waste incineration power generation boiler control system HMI operation station (1), an occupation ratio coefficient k input (9), a waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model (10), an excess air coefficient set value (11), and O in flue gas2The quantity detection (12), the secondary fan air quantity regulation (13), the air-fuel ratio (14), the furnace temperature set value (15), the furnace temperature actual value (16), the primary fan air quantity regulation (17), the waste incineration power generation boiler CO set value (18), the flue gas CO actual value (19) and the waste incineration power generation boiler field process equipment (23) form a waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient closed-loop dynamic control system.
In practical engineering application, the external air inlet amount of the waste incineration power generation boiler cannot be 0, the excess air coefficient cannot be 1, and the CO amount in the flue gas cannot be 0, so that a set value of the external air inlet amount of the waste incineration power generation boiler, a set value of the excess air coefficient and a set value of the CO of the waste incineration power generation boiler are respectively set, the set values are determined by a process engineer of the waste incineration power generation boiler according to the specific working condition of the waste incineration power generation boiler, and are input into an HMI operation station of a control system.
Regarding the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler, wherein the air leakage quantity of a pipe network can be determined through a test method in a system debugging stage or an equipment maintenance stage, the specific method is to adjust the external air inlet quantity dynamic control system of the waste incineration power generation boiler to enable the pressure of a hearth of the waste incineration power generation boiler to be 0, calculate the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler through the argon content measured through flue gas analysis, and obtain the calculated external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler as the air leakage quantity of the pipe network; the calculation result of the air leakage of the pipe network is displayed on the HMI human-machine interface operation station, the air leakage of the pipe network is used for calculating the excess air coefficient and also can be used for equipment maintenance guidance, and when the calculated air leakage of the pipe network is too large, equipment maintenance should be organized as soon as possible.
Because the smoke of the waste incineration power generation boiler overflows to cause the hazards of increasing the heat loss of the boiler, burning the auxiliary equipment of the boiler, increasing the smoke quantity and causing the difficulty in calculating the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler, the waste incineration power generation boiler is not suitable for adopting micro-positive pressure control and needs to adopt micro-negative pressure control of the waste incineration power generation boiler.
The dynamic control method of the asymmetric system of the waste incineration power generation boiler has the characteristics of scientifically, reasonably, fully and effectively playing the functions of two dynamic automatic control systems, namely a closed-loop dynamic control system for the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler and a closed-loop dynamic control system for the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler, and the dynamic automatic control method has the advantages of simple system, reliable, stable and efficient operation, convenient debugging and suitability for realizing the dynamic full-automatic control of the waste incineration power generation boiler.
Compared with the prior art, the dynamic control method for the asymmetric characteristic of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network breaks through the technical bottleneck, creates a brand new and wide visual field and space for realizing deep energy conservation and emission reduction, yield increase and quality guarantee of the waste incineration power generation boiler, has prominent substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and is characterized in that:
(a) the asymmetric system theory of the waste incineration power generation boiler is put forward for the first time, and a theoretical basis is laid for breaking through the technical bottleneck which puzzles the control of the waste incineration power generation boiler for a long time;
(b) the dynamic control method of the asymmetric system of the waste incineration power generation boiler is firstly provided, so that the external air inlet quantity and the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler are controllable;
(c) a mathematical model for calculating the amount of the external air entering the waste incineration power generation boiler and a closed-loop dynamic control technology for the amount of the external air entering the waste incineration power generation boiler are developed;
(d) a mathematical model for calculating the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler and a closed-loop dynamic control technology for the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler are developed;
(e) the effective stable control of the hearth pressure of the asymmetric system of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the full-automatic control of the waste incineration power generation boiler are realized;
(f) due to the fact that dynamic control of the external air inlet amount and the excess air coefficient is achieved, gas consumption is saved, heat loss of the waste incineration power generation boiler is reduced, NOx emission and VOC emission are reduced, and heat efficiency of the waste incineration power generation boiler is improved;
(g) because the full-automatic control of the process is realized, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, and the production operation rate is improved;
(h) the draught fan realizes deep energy saving by well improving the characteristics of a draught fan pipe network;
(i) the external air inlet amount and the air excess coefficient are controllable, so that the emission of smoke pollutants of the waste incineration power generation boiler which is one of the kilns is fundamentally controlled, the haze problem can be fundamentally solved, and the method has very important significance for national atmospheric pollution control.
The waste incineration power generation boiler and the dynamic control method for the asymmetric characteristic of the flue gas pipe network can be widely applied to newly built, expanded and reconstructed waste incineration power generation boiler systems; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the examples, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; all modifications, equivalents and improvements that come within the spirit and scope of the invention are desired to be protected.
Claims (9)
1. A waste incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic control method for the asymmetric characteristic of a flue gas pipe network thereof are characterized in that according to the operating condition characteristics of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the physical characteristic of the flue gas pipe network, the asymmetric system theory of the waste incineration power generation boiler is established, an external air inlet quantity arithmetic mathematical model and a waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient arithmetic mathematical model are developed, a dynamic control method for the external air inlet quantity and the excess air coefficient based on the asymmetric system theory of the waste incineration power generation boiler is developed, the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is calculated through the argon content detected by flue gas analysis, then the opening degree of an inlet valve of an induced draft fan is adjusted according to the difference between the external air inlet quantity set value of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the external air inlet quantity calculated value of the waste incineration power generation boiler, the closed-loop dynamic regulation system for the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is formed, so that the external air inlet quantity is always controlled within a set value range; adjusting the air quantity of a secondary fan and the air quantity of a primary fan according to the oxygen content and the carbon monoxide content detected by flue gas analysis to control the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler, so as to form a closed-loop dynamic adjustment system for the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler, and controlling the excess air coefficient within a set value range all the time;
the formula (1) is a mathematical model of the amount of the external air entering the waste incineration power generation boiler;
Qair＝(Qw×Arw－(Qf+Qs)×Arb)×22.4×100/0.934 (1)
in the formula:
Qf: air flow rate of primary fan, m3/s；
Qs: air flow rate of secondary fan, m3/s；
Arb: the reference argon mole fraction in air, mol%;
Qw: flue gas flow rate, m3/s；
Arw: argon mole fraction, mol%, in the flue gas;
Qair: air quantity m entering from outside of waste incineration power generation boiler3/s；
The formula (2) is a mathematical model for calculating oxygen content in the external air inlet amount of the waste incineration power generation boiler;
O2e＝(Qw×Arw－(Qf+Qs)×Arb)×20.95/0.934 (2)
in the formula:
Qf: air flow rate of primary fan, m3/s；
Qs: air flow rate of secondary fan, m3/s；
Arb: the reference argon mole fraction in air, mol%;
Qw: flue gas flow rate, m3/s；
Arw: argon mole fraction, mol%, in the flue gas;
O2e: oxygen content in external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is mol;
calculating the actual value of the oxygen content in the excess air coefficient by an oxygen content calculation mathematical model in the excess air coefficient in the formula (3);
O2a＝(Qw×O21－kO2e)/Qw (3)
in the formula:
O2a: actual value of oxygen content,%, in excess air coefficient;
Qw: flue gas flow rate, m3/s；
O21: oxygen mole fraction in flue gas, mol%;
O2e: oxygen content in external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is mol;
k: the ratio coefficient is 0-1;
the actual value of the excess air ratio is calculated by an excess air ratio calculation mathematical model of equation (5):
α＝20.95/(20.95-(Qw×O21－kO2e)/Qw) (5)
in the formula:
Qw: flue gas flow rate, m3/s；
O21: oxygen mole fraction in flue gas, mol%;
O2e: oxygen content in external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is mol;
k: the ratio coefficient is 0-1;
α: excess air factor, > 0.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the technical scheme of the method is realized by the aid of a figure 1, wherein an HMI (human machine interface) operation station (1) of a control system of the waste incineration power generation boiler in the figure 1 is a human-computer interaction interface of the waste incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic control system of the asymmetric characteristics of a flue gas pipe network of the waste incineration power generation boiler; an external air inlet quantity set value (2) is connected with an HMI operation station (1) of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system and an opening degree adjustment (3) of an inlet valve of a draught fan, and the set value is input by a human-computer interaction interface; the opening adjustment (3) of the inlet valve of the induced draft fan is connected with an external air inlet quantity set value (2), a waste incineration power generation boiler external air inlet quantity mathematical model (4) and field process equipment (23) of the waste incineration power generation boiler, the opening of the inlet valve of the induced draft fan is adjusted by the difference value of the external air inlet quantity set value (2) and the waste incineration power generation boiler external air inlet quantity mathematical model (4), the flow of smoke flowing through the inlet valve is controlled, the external air is inhibited from entering, and the external air inlet quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler is controlled within a set value range; the method comprises the following steps that a waste incineration power generation boiler external air inlet quantity calculation mathematical model (4) is connected with Ar content detection (5) in flue gas, flue gas flow detection (6), primary fan air quantity detection (7), secondary fan air quantity detection (8), a waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model (10) and draught fan inlet valve opening degree regulation (3), waste incineration power generation boiler external air inlet quantity calculation is carried out according to the Ar content, the flue gas flow, the primary fan air quantity and the secondary fan air quantity in the flue gas, and calculation results are sent to the draught fan inlet valve opening degree regulation (3) and the waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model (10); ar content detection (5) in flue gas and external air inlet amount calculation mathematical model (4) of waste incineration power generation boilerThe waste incineration power generation boiler on-site process equipment (23) is connected; the flue gas flow detection (6) is connected with an external air inlet quantity mathematical model (4) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and field process equipment (23) of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the primary fan air volume detection (7) is connected with an external air inlet volume mathematical model (4) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and field process equipment (23) of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the secondary fan air volume detection (8) is connected with an external air inlet volume mathematical model (4) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and field process equipment (23) of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the proportion coefficient k input (9) is connected with a waste incineration power generation boiler control system HMI operation station (1) and a waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model (10); an excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler, an outside air inlet amount calculation mathematical model (4) of the waste incineration power generation boiler, an excess air coefficient set value (11) and O in smoke2The quantity detection (12) and the secondary fan air quantity regulation (13) are connected, on the basis of the garbage incineration power generation boiler external air inlet quantity calculation mathematical model, a garbage incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient calculation mathematical model is deduced, the secondary fan air quantity is regulated by the difference value of the excess air coefficient set value and the garbage incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient calculation value, and the garbage incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient is dynamically controlled; the set value (11) of the excess air coefficient is a set value and is input by a human-computer interaction interface of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system HMI operation station (1); o in flue gas2The quantity detected (12) is O2Measuring an actual value as a feedback value to participate in the calculation of the excess air coefficient; the air quantity regulation (13) of the secondary fan is controlled quantity, and the excess air coefficient calculation difference value is used for regulating the air quantity of the secondary fan and regulating the excess air coefficient; the air-fuel ratio (14) is input from a human-computer interaction interface of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system HMI operation station (1); the set value (15) of the hearth temperature is a set value and is input by a human-computer interaction interface of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system HMI (human machine interface) operation station (1); the actual value (16) of the furnace temperature is a feedback value of the furnace temperature control; the primary air fan air quantity regulation (17) is controlled quantity, and the primary air fan is regulated according to the difference value of the set value of the hearth temperature and the actual value of the hearth temperatureThe air quantity is used for dynamically controlling the temperature of the hearth; the CO set value (18) of the waste incineration power generation boiler is a set value and is input by a human-computer interaction interface of an HMI (human machine interface) operation station (1) of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system; the actual value (19) of CO in the flue gas is a CO detection actual value, and is compared with a CO set value (18) of the waste incineration power generation boiler as negative feedback, and the difference value is used for adjusting the air quantity of a primary air fan so as to improve the combustion condition; the set value (20) of the hearth pressure is a set value and is input by a human-computer interaction interface of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system HMI (human machine interface) operation station (1); the air volume adjustment (21) of the induced draft fan is connected with a furnace pressure set value (20), a furnace pressure actual value (22) and field process equipment (23) of the waste incineration power generation boiler, the air volume of the induced draft fan is adjusted according to the feedback difference of the furnace pressure set value and the furnace pressure actual value, and the furnace pressure is dynamically controlled; the on-site process equipment (23) of the waste incineration power generation boiler is on-site on-line equipment of the waste incineration power generation boiler.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is implemented by a control system configuration diagram of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric characteristic dynamic control method thereof shown in fig. 2, and a main process control system (1) of the waste incineration power generation boiler in fig. 2 is a main control system of the waste incineration power generation boiler, comprises the control of a waste incineration power generation boiler body and auxiliary equipment thereof, and is connected with a dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric characteristic thereof; the HMI operation station (2) of the control system of the waste incineration power generation boiler is a computer-based human-computer interaction interface for operation and picture display and is connected with the waste incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic controller (10) of the asymmetric system of the flue gas pipe network of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the set value (3) of the external air inlet amount is a system control target set value, and the set value is sent to a dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the asymmetric system of the flue gas pipe network thereof from an HMI operation station (2) of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system; the set value (4) of the excess air coefficient is a system control target set value, and the set value is sent to a dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the asymmetric system of the flue gas pipe network thereof from an HMI operation station (2) of a waste incineration power generation boiler control system; garbage collectionThe CO set value (5) of the incineration power generation boiler is a system control target set value, and the set value is sent to the dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the asymmetric system of the flue gas pipe network thereof from the HMI operation station (2) of the waste incineration power generation boiler control system; the furnace pressure set value (6) is a system control target set value, and the set value is sent to the garbage incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic controller (10) of the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system of the garbage incineration power generation boiler from an HMI operation station (2) of a garbage incineration power generation boiler control system; the furnace temperature set value (7) is a system control target set value, and the set value is sent to the garbage incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic controller (10) of the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system of the garbage incineration power generation boiler from an HMI operation station (2) of a garbage incineration power generation boiler control system; the air-fuel ratio setting input (8) is a system control setting value, and the setting value is sent to the garbage incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic controller (10) of the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system of the garbage incineration power generation boiler from an HMI operation station (2) of a garbage incineration power generation boiler control system; the input (9) of the proportion coefficient k is a mathematical model calculation parameter, comes from a waste incineration power generation boiler control system HMI operation station (2), and is sent to a waste incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic controller (10) of a flue gas pipe network asymmetric system of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof is the core of the dynamic control of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof, consists of a DCS or a similar digital controller, and is built with a waste incineration power generation boiler external air inlet quantity arithmetic mathematical model, a waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient arithmetic mathematical model, a waste incineration power generation boiler external air inlet quantity closed-loop dynamic control and a waste incineration power generation boiler excess air coefficient closed-loop dynamic control software; the detection (11) of the Ar content in the flue gas is the actual detection value of the flue gas, and the actual detection value is sent to a dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and a flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof and is used for calculating the external air inlet amount by a mathematical model; o in flue gas2The content detection (12) is a flue O2The content detection value is sent to a dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system, and is used for calculating the oxygen content in the external air inlet amount by a mathematical model; the detection (13) of the CO content in the flue gas is a detection value of the CO content in the flue, and the detection value is sent to a waste incineration power generation boiler and a flue gas pipe network of the waste incineration power generation boilerThe symmetrical system dynamic controller (10) is used for adjusting the air quantity of the primary air fan and controlling the content of CO; the flue gas flow detection (14) is a flue gas flow actual value, is connected with the dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof, and is used for calculating the external air inlet amount by a mathematical model; the primary fan air quantity detection (15) is a primary fan air quantity detection value and is sent to the dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof for calculating the external air inlet quantity by a mathematical model; the secondary fan air quantity detection (16) is a secondary fan air quantity detection value and is sent to the dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof for calculating the external air inlet quantity by a mathematical model; the hearth pressure detection (17) is a hearth pressure detection actual value, and is sent to a dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof, and is used for adjusting the air quantity of an induced draft fan and dynamically controlling the hearth pressure; the hearth temperature detection (18) is a hearth temperature detection actual value, and is sent to the dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system for dynamically adjusting the hearth temperature; the inlet valve opening adjusting device (19) of the induced draft fan is connected with a dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system of the waste incineration power generation boiler and is used for adjusting the opening of the inlet valve of the induced draft fan so as to inhibit the entering of outside air and control the entering amount of the outside air; the draught fan air volume adjusting device (20) is connected with the garbage incineration power generation boiler and a dynamic controller (10) of the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof and is used for dynamically adjusting the hearth pressure; the primary fan air volume regulator (21) is connected with the waste incineration power generation boiler and a flue gas pipe network asymmetric system dynamic controller (10) thereof and is used for regulating the temperature and CO of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the secondary fan air volume adjusting device (22) is connected with the waste incineration power generation boiler and the dynamic controller (10) of the flue gas pipe network asymmetric system thereof and is used for adjusting the temperature and the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power generation boiler; the field process equipment process information (23) collects the running signals and state information of equipment and detectors of the field process equipment (24) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and sends the running signals and state information to the dynamic controller (10) of the waste incineration power generation boiler and the asymmetric system of the flue gas pipe network of the waste incineration power generation boiler; waste incineration power generationThe boiler on-site process equipment (24) is on-site on-line equipment of a waste incineration power generation boiler.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calculation of the amount of the outside air is performed by detecting the inert gas in the flue gas according to the characteristic that the inert gas hardly participates in the chemical reaction, so that the accuracy of the calculation can be ensured.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in practical engineering applications, the air intake outside the waste incineration power generation boiler cannot be 0, the excess air factor cannot be 1, and the amount of CO in the flue gas cannot be 0, so that a set value of the air intake outside the waste incineration power generation boiler, a set value of the excess air factor, and a set value of CO in the waste incineration power generation boiler, which are determined by a process engineer of the waste incineration power generation boiler according to specific operating conditions of the waste incineration power generation boiler, are set respectively and are input at the HMI operation station of the control system.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the waste incineration power boiler is not suitable for micro-positive pressure control and should adopt micro-negative pressure control because the waste incineration power boiler flue gas overflow has the hazards of increasing heat loss of the boiler, burning boiler auxiliary equipment, increasing flue gas amount and causing difficulty in calculating the excess air coefficient of the waste incineration power boiler.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein k in the formula (3) is the percentage of oxygen in the external air intake amount remaining when the oxygen reaches the flue detection point, that is, the ratio of the remaining oxygen to the oxygen in the external air intake amount, which is referred to as a ratio coefficient, and the value range is 0-1; because of the amount of oxygen O entering from the outside2ePossibly unburned, partially burned or wholly burnedCombustion is a variable related to the air leakage quantity of the waste incineration power generation boiler and a flue gas pipe network thereof, and accurate mathematical calculation cannot be carried out, so that the problem is solved by adopting a method of engineering coefficient; and the occupation ratio coefficient k is determined by a waste incineration power generation boiler process engineer according to the detection statistical data of the external air inlet amount of the power generation boiler body and the air leakage amount of the flue gas pipe network and is input in an HMI operation station.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein regarding the amount of external air entering the waste incineration power generation boiler, wherein the amount of air leakage of the pipe network can be determined by a test method in a system debugging stage or an equipment maintenance stage by adjusting a dynamic control system for the amount of external air entering the waste incineration power generation boiler so that the hearth pressure of the waste incineration power generation boiler is 0, calculating the amount of external air entering the waste incineration power generation boiler according to the argon content measured by flue gas analysis, and determining the calculated amount of external air entering the waste incineration power generation boiler as the amount of air leakage of the pipe network; the calculation result of the air leakage of the pipe network is displayed on the HMI human-machine interface operation station, the air leakage of the pipe network is used for calculating the excess air coefficient and also can be used for equipment maintenance guidance, and when the calculated air leakage of the pipe network is too large, equipment maintenance should be organized as soon as possible.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is widely applicable to new, expanded and rebuilt waste-incineration power generation boiler systems; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the examples, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; all modifications, equivalents and improvements that come within the spirit and scope of the invention are desired to be protected.
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