CN112554898B - Three-edge hob of push bench - Google Patents
Three-edge hob of push bench Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112554898B CN112554898B CN202011451578.0A CN202011451578A CN112554898B CN 112554898 B CN112554898 B CN 112554898B CN 202011451578 A CN202011451578 A CN 202011451578A CN 112554898 B CN112554898 B CN 112554898B
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- hob
- edge
- control mechanism
- cutter
- cutter head
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/093—Control of the driving shield, e.g. of the hydraulic advancing cylinders
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of push bench, in particular to a three-edge hob of a push bench, which comprises a cutter head and a shield body, wherein the cutter head comprises a main cutter head, an auxiliary cutter head and a central cutter head; the main cutter disc is provided with a cutting knife and a three-edge hob; the front side and the rear side of the cutting edge of each three-edge hob of the main cutter head are provided with cutters, so that the three-edge hob can be effectively assisted to carry out rock breaking work; two cutting edges are added on two sides of the hob arranged in the rock breaking machine to assist the hob in breaking rock; meanwhile, the hob cutting edges on the two sides can effectively balance the hob when the hob breaks rocks so as to inhibit the hob from deviating; the control mechanism can effectively restrain the hob from shifting, when the pressure is too high, the hob is allowed to shift, and unnecessary damage to the hob caused by excessive restraint of hob shifting is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of push bench, in particular to a three-edge hob of a push bench.
Background
With the improvement of the urbanization level of China, a large number of intercity railways, high-speed railways and urban rail transit construction needs to be developed, and a plurality of tunnel projects exist. A large number of tunnels need to be built by using pipe-jacking machines;
when the pipe jacking machine works for excavating, the cutting tool mainly plays a role in excavating, and the cutting tool has extremely high efficiency when excavating in a soft soil layer;
secondly, the hob is used for crushing the rock when the hob touches the rock and the cutter cannot efficiently complete the task; however, when the hob is difficult to crush in a short time by touching hard rock, the hob may shift, wear or even damage the hob;
accordingly, there is a need in the art for a push bench cutterhead that overcomes the above-mentioned difficulties.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has therefore been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for allowing a proper amount of shifting of a hob which solves the problem of damage to the hob when it is shifted against hard rock during excavation. The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
a three-edge hob of a push bench comprises a cutter head and a shield body, wherein the cutter head is arranged at the front end of the shield body and comprises a main cutter head, an auxiliary cutter head and a central cutter head; the main cutter heads and the auxiliary cutter heads are arranged around the central cutter head in a staggered manner; the front end surfaces of the main cutter disc and the auxiliary cutter disc are provided with three-edge hobs, the front end of the main cutter disc is provided with a cutter close to the three-edge hobs, and the front end of the auxiliary cutter disc is provided with a soil discharge port close to the inner side of the three-edge hobs; a cross fishtail cutter is arranged at the front end of the central cutter disc; a soil bin is arranged at the rear end of the cutter head, and a central shaft is arranged at the rear end of the central cutter head; the rear end of the cutter head is provided with a pressure generating device close to the periphery of the soil bin, and the rear end of the pressure generating device is provided with a pushing device; the rear end of the central shaft penetrates through the soil bin and the middle part of the pushing device and is rotationally connected with a motor arranged in the shield body.
Preferably, the three-blade hob comprises a hob shaft, and the shaft neck of the hob shaft is rotatably connected with the main hob disc and the auxiliary hob disc; the outer side of the middle part of the cutter shaft is provided with a bearing, the left side and the right side of the bearing are provided with end covers, and the inner side of each end cover is provided with a sealing combination; a cutter body is arranged on the outer sides of the bearing and the end cover, and a three-blade cutter ring is arranged on the outer side of the cutter body; a first control mechanism is arranged below the left side shaft neck and above the right side shaft neck of the cutter shaft; and a second control mechanism is arranged above the left side journal and below the right side journal of the cutter shaft.
Preferably, the first control mechanism comprises a pressure device, switches are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the pressure device, and the second control mechanism is similar to the first control mechanism.
Preferably, an oil delivery pipe is arranged in the pushing device, and a piston is arranged at the rear end of the oil delivery pipe; the front end of the pushing device is sequentially provided with a second pushing rod and a first pushing rod from inside to outside; the piston is matched with the second pushing rod and the first pushing rod.
Preferably, the first control mechanism is communicated with the second control mechanism and the pushing device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the three-edge hob of the push bench, the hob is in a new shape, and two blades are added on two sides of the hob to assist the hob in breaking rock; meanwhile, the hob cutting edges on the two sides can effectively balance the hob when the hob breaks rocks so as to inhibit the hob from deviating;
the control mechanism of the invention can effectively inhibit the hob from shifting, and allows the hob to shift when the pressure is overlarge, thereby avoiding unnecessary damage to the hob caused by excessively inhibiting the hob from shifting.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a cutter head of the invention.
Fig. 2 is an overall schematic view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a three-edged hob of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a three-edged hob of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the control mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an overall schematic view of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the propulsion device of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a first working schematic diagram of the push rod of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a second working schematic diagram of the push rod of the present invention.
In the figure, 100-bit; 1-a main cutter head; 11-a cutting knife; 12-three-blade hob; 121-cutter shaft; 122-an end cap; 123-sealing combination; 124-cutter body; 125-three-blade cutter ring; 126-a bearing; 127-control mechanism one; 1271-a pressure device; 1272-switch; 128-control mechanism two; 13-a pressure generating device; 131-a piston; 132-an oil delivery pipe; 200-shield body; 2-an auxiliary cutter head; 21-a soil discharge port; 3-a central cutter head; 31-a cross fish tail knife; 4-a soil bin; 5-central axis; 6-a pushing device; 61-push rod one; 62-push rod two.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those embodiments can be easily implemented by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. The invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In addition, in order to more clearly describe the present invention, components not connected to the present invention will be omitted from the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a three-edge hob of a push bench comprises a cutter head 100 and a shield body 200, wherein the cutter head 100 performs excavation and rock breaking work, and the shield body 200 is used for bearing external pressure and building a lining; a plurality of three-edge hobs 12 and cutters 11 are arranged on the periphery of the cutter head 100 and are used for crushing rocks at the circumference of the cutter head 100 and excavating;
the cutter head 100 comprises a main cutter head 1, an auxiliary cutter head 2 and a central cutter head 3; the main cutter head 1 is provided with a cutting knife 11 and a three-edge hob 12; the front side and the rear side of the cutting edge of each three-edge hob 12 of the main cutter head 1 are provided with cutters 11, so that the three-edge hob 12 can be effectively assisted to carry out rock breaking work;
the auxiliary cutter head 2 is provided with a cutting knife 11, a three-edge hob 12 and a soil discharge opening 21; wherein the soil discharging port 21 is only arranged on the auxiliary cutter disc 2; a cross fishtail knife 31 is arranged on the central cutter head 3; the central cutter head 3 can be provided with the cross fishtail cutter 31 and other cutters, the cross fishtail cutter 31 is selected, and the other cutters are not influenced to play a role on the central cutter head 3;
as shown in fig. 3, the three-edged hob 12 includes a hob shaft 121, a hob body 124 and a three-edged ring 125;
as shown in fig. 4, the three-edge hob 12 includes a hob shaft 121, an end cover 122, a sealing assembly 123, a hob body 124, a three-edge hob ring 125, a bearing 126, a first control mechanism 127, a second control mechanism 128;
as shown in fig. 5, the first control mechanism 127 is provided with a pressure device 1271 and a switch 1272; the same mechanism is arranged in the second control mechanism 128;
wherein fig. 3 shows the shape of the three-edged hob 12 and the shape of the arbor 121; wherein the cutting edges at two sides of the three-edge hob 12 can perform rock breaking work with higher efficiency relative to the cutting edge at the middle part;
FIG. 4 shows all the internal structure of the three-edged hob 12, and the positions of the first control mechanism 127 and the second control mechanism 128;
FIG. 5 shows the general structure and composition of control mechanism one 127;
the first control mechanism 127 is characterized in that an internal pressure device 1271 is a hydraulic device and can inhibit the deflection of the hob to a certain degree, and an internal hydraulic cylinder of the first control mechanism is connected with the inside of the main cutter disc 1 and then is communicated with the rear part to play a role;
the rear positions of the hydraulic cylinders of the two hydraulic devices of the control mechanism I127 are connected on the same level, and the hydraulic cylinders are controlled by a push rod I61 to synchronously apply pressure and compress; the second control mechanism 128 is controlled by the second push rod 62 in the same way; the hydraulic cylinder and the connection are arranged on the side surfaces of the first control mechanism 127 and the second control mechanism 128, which are not shown in the figure;
a gap is reserved between the switch 1272 and the cutter shaft 121, when the three-edge hob 12 cannot crush rocks in a short time, the bearing pressure of the three-edge hob 12 is gradually increased, when the bearing pressure exceeds the limit of the pressure device 1271, the cutter shaft 121 slightly deviates, the switch 1272 is touched at the moment, the switch 1272 is controlled to be behind, the pressure device 1271 starts to be compressed, the switch 1272 contracts together with the tail end of the pressure device 1271 when the switch 1272 is compressed, the cutter shaft 121 deviates, the three-edge hob 12 starts to deviate, and rock is efficiently crushed by the blades on two sides; after the rock is broken, the pressure on the three-edge hob 12 is gradually reduced, no pressure can keep the three-edge hob 12 still at the offset position, the cutter shaft 121 can be loosened, when the cutter shaft 121 leaves the switch 1272, the pressure device 1271 starts to pressurize, the cutter shaft 121 returns to the right, the three-edge hob 12 is fixed, and the excavation and rock breaking work is continued; wherein, the connection part of the main cutter head 1 and the three-edge hob 12 has a certain inclination angle, which provides a space for the deflection of the three-edge hob 12;
as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the soil bin 4, the central shaft 5, the pushing device 6 and some other components are arranged in the soil bin; wherein, a first push rod 61, a second push rod 62, other push rods which are not marked and a hydraulic device at the rear part are arranged in the pushing device 6;
the pressure generating device 13 is arranged behind the main cutter head 1, and a groove in the rear of the pressure generating device 13 is meshed with the first push rod 61 along with the rotation of the cutter head 100;
the pushing device 6 is fixedly arranged at the rear part, a hydraulic device is arranged in the pushing device, the pushing rod I61, the pushing rod II 62 and the pushing rod which is not marked are controlled to move forwards and backwards, and the pushing rod I61, the pushing rod II 62 and the pushing rod which is not marked are meshed at the rear part of the pressure generating device 13 and do not rotate; the soil bin 4 is arranged behind the auxiliary cutter head 2;
as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the pressure generator 13 is provided with a piston 131 and an oil delivery pipe 132 inside;
wherein the oil delivery pipe 132 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic device inside the pressure device 1271 inside the control mechanism 127, providing compression and extension of the pressure device 1271, determining the deflection and return of the three-edged hob 12;
FIG. 8 shows the relative positions of the first push rod 61, the second push rod 62 and the pressure generating device 13 when the push bench is in normal operation;
FIG. 9 shows the relative positions of push rods 61, push rods 62 and pressure generating device 13 when three-edged hob 12 of the push bench is offset;
when the rock breaking device works normally, the three-edge hob 12 normally performs rock breaking work, when hard rocks are touched, the pressure on the three-edge hob 12 is gradually increased, and at the moment, the first control mechanism 127 can inhibit the offset of the three-edge hob 12 to a certain degree; when the pressure applied to the three-edge hob 12 exceeds the limit of a pressure device 1271 in a control mechanism I127, the pressure device 1271 is compressed, the cutter shaft 121 touches a switch 1272, a hydraulic device in a rear pushing device 6 is started, a first push rod 61 is pulled back, the piston 131 moves backwards under the action of the pressure, hydraulic oil in the pressure device 1271 enters a pressure generating device 13 from an oil conveying pipe 132, the pressure device 1271 starts to be compressed, the cutter shaft 121 deflects, the three-edge hob 12 deflects, and at the moment, high-efficiency rock breaking work is mainly performed by the cutter edges on two sides; after the rock is crushed, no pressure can keep the three-blade hob 12 in an offset state all the time, the hob shaft 121 can be loosened, when the hob shaft 121 leaves the switch 1272, the hydraulic device of the rear pushing device 6 pushes out the first push rod 61 to push the piston 131 to move forwards, hydraulic oil is pressed back into the first control mechanism 127 through the oil conveying pipe 132, the pressure device 1271 starts to extend, the hob shaft 121 is pushed back and fixed at the initial position, the hob shaft 121 returns to the positive position, the three-blade hob 12 returns to the positive position, and excavation and rock breaking work is continued; the operation principle of the deviation towards the other direction, the second control mechanism 128 and the second push rod 62 is completely the same as that described above.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when the rock breaking machine normally works, the cutting knife 11 and the three-edge hob 12 are used for excavating and rock breaking, the knife edges on the two sides of the three-edge hob 12 can play a balance role in rock breaking of the three-edge hob 12, the first control mechanism 127 and the second control mechanism 128 press the knife shaft 121, and offset of the three-edge hob 12 can be restrained; when the three-edge hob 12 touches the rock and is difficult to crush, the pressure applied to the three-edge hob 12 is gradually increased, when the pressure applied to the three-edge hob exceeds the limit of the first control mechanism 127 and the second control mechanism 128, the knife shaft 121 slightly deviates, the switch 1272 is touched, the first push rod 61 is pulled back by a hydraulic device in the rear push device 6 under control, the piston 131 moves backwards under the action of the pressure, hydraulic oil in the pressure device 1271 enters the pressure generation device 13 through the oil pipeline 132, the pressure device 1271 compresses, the knife shaft 121 deviates, the three-edge hob 12 deviates, and rock breaking is efficiently performed by the edges on the two sides; after the rock is broken, the three-edge hob 12 is gradually reduced under high pressure, no pressure can keep the three-edge hob 12 in a state of moving without displacement all the time, the cutter shaft 121 can loosen, when the cutter shaft 121 is far away from the switch 1272, a hydraulic device in the rear pushing device 6 is controlled to push the first push rod 61 out, the piston 131 is pushed to move forwards, hydraulic oil is pressed into the first control mechanism 127 through the oil pipeline 132, the pressure device 1271 in the first control mechanism 127 extends, the cutter shaft 121 is pressed, the cutter shaft 121 is enabled to return to the right, the three-edge hob 12 returns to the right, and the rock breaking work is continued to be excavated; the other direction deviation of the three-edge hob 12 is controlled by a second control mechanism 128 and a second push rod 62, and the working principle is the same as that of the above operation; the two side edges of the three-edge hob 12 can play a balance role in rock breaking of the three-edge hob 12, the control mechanism I127 and the control mechanism II 128 can also play a role in deflection inhibition on the three-edge hob 12, and when the three-edge hob 12 is subjected to overlarge pressure, the three-edge hob 12 can be deflected, so that unnecessary damage caused by excessive inhibition on deflection of the three-edge hob 12 is avoided.
Claims (1)
1. A three-edge hob of a push bench is characterized in that: the cutter head (100) is arranged at the front end of the shield body (200), and the cutter head (100) comprises a main cutter head (1), an auxiliary cutter head (2) and a central cutter head (3); the main cutter heads (1) and the auxiliary cutter heads (2) are arranged around the central cutter head (3) in a staggered manner; three-edge hobs (12) are arranged on the front end faces of the main cutter disc (1) and the auxiliary cutter disc (2), cutting knives (11) are arranged at the front end of the main cutter disc (1) close to the three-edge hobs (12), and a soil discharge opening (21) is formed at the front end of the auxiliary cutter disc (2) close to the inner side of the three-edge hobs (12); a cross fishtail knife (31) is arranged at the front end of the central cutter head (3); a soil bin (4) is arranged at the rear end of the cutter head (100), and a central shaft (5) is arranged at the rear end of the central cutter head (3); a pressure generating device (13) is arranged at the rear end of the cutter head (100) close to the periphery of the soil bin (4), and a pushing device (6) is arranged at the rear end of the pressure generating device (13); the rear end of the central shaft (5) penetrates through the soil bin (4) and the middle part of the pushing device (6) and is rotationally connected with a motor arranged in the shield body (200);
an oil delivery pipe (132) is arranged in the pushing device (6), and a piston (131) is arranged at the rear end of the oil delivery pipe (132); a second push rod (62) and a first push rod (61) are sequentially arranged at the front end of the pushing device (6) from inside to outside; the piston (131) is matched with a second pushing rod (62) and a first pushing rod (61);
the three-edge hob (12) comprises a hob shaft (121), and the shaft neck of the hob shaft (121) is rotatably connected with the main hob (1) and the auxiliary hob (2); a bearing (126) is arranged in the middle of the cutter shaft (121), end covers (122) are arranged on the left side and the right side of the bearing (126), and a sealing combination (123) is arranged on the inner sides of the end covers (122); a cutter body (124) is arranged on the outer sides of the bearing (126) and the end cover (122), and a three-blade cutter ring (125) is arranged on the outer side of the cutter body (124); a first control mechanism (127) is arranged below the left side journal and above the right side journal of the cutter shaft (121); a second control mechanism (128) is arranged above the left side journal and below the right side journal of the cutter shaft (121);
the first control mechanism (127) comprises a pressure device (1271), switches (1272) are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the pressure device (1271), and the second control mechanism (128) is similar to the first control mechanism (127);
the control mechanism I (127) is communicated with the control mechanism II (128) and the pushing device (6);
when the three-edge hob (12) normally works, the cutting knife (11) and the three-edge hob (12) excavate and break rock, the knife edges on the two sides of the three-edge hob (12) can play a balance role in the rock breaking of the three-edge hob (12), and the control mechanism I (127) and the control mechanism II (128) press the knife axis (121), so that the three-edge hob (12) can be restrained from deviating; when the three-edge hob (12) touches rocks and is difficult to crush, the pressure on the three-edge hob (12) is gradually increased, when the pressure exceeds the limits of a first control mechanism (127) and a second control mechanism (128), the knife shaft (121) slightly deviates and touches a switch (1272), a hydraulic device in a rear pushing device (6) is controlled to pull back a first push rod (61), a piston (131) moves backwards under the action of the pressure, hydraulic oil in the pressure device (1271) enters a pressure generating device (13) through an oil conveying pipe (132), the pressure device (1271) is compressed, the knife shaft (121) deviates, the three-edge hob (12) deviates, and the two side edges perform rock digging and breaking work with higher efficiency; after the rock is crushed, the three-edge hob (12) is gradually reduced under high pressure, no pressure can keep the three-edge hob (12) in a state of moving immovably, the cutter shaft (121) can loosen, when the cutter shaft (121) is far away from a switch (1272), a hydraulic device in a rear pushing device (6) is controlled to push a first push rod (61) out, a piston (131) is pushed to move forwards, hydraulic oil is pressed into a first control mechanism (127) through an oil pipeline (132), a pressure device (1271) in the first control mechanism (127) is extended, the cutter shaft (121) is pressed, the cutter shaft (121) is made to return to the right position, the three-edge hob (12) returns to the right position, and excavation and rock breaking work is continuously carried out; the three-edge hob (12) deflects towards the other direction and is controlled by a second control mechanism (128) and a second push rod (62), and the working principle is the same as that of the three-edge hob (12) deflecting towards the upper side; the two side edges of the three-edge hob (12) can play a balance role in rock breaking of the three-edge hob (12), the control mechanism I (127) and the control mechanism II (128) can also play a role in restraining deflection of the three-edge hob (12), when pressure is too large, the three-edge hob (12) can be deflected, and unnecessary damage caused by excessive deflection of the three-edge hob (12) is avoided.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011451578.0A CN112554898B (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2020-12-09 | Three-edge hob of push bench |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011451578.0A CN112554898B (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2020-12-09 | Three-edge hob of push bench |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112554898A CN112554898A (en) | 2021-03-26 |
| CN112554898B true CN112554898B (en) | 2022-12-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202011451578.0A Active CN112554898B (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2020-12-09 | Three-edge hob of push bench |
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| JPH08312288A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1996-11-26 | Shin Gijutsu Koei Kk | Shield excavator |
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| CN208633834U (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2019-03-22 | 安徽唐兴机械装备有限公司 | One kind being based on minor diameter hard rock push-bench cutterhead hobboing cutter girff structure |
| WO2020098415A1 (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-05-22 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | High-voltage pulse discharge and mechanical combined rock breaking-based novel boring machine |
| CN111236956A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-06-05 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Shield tunneling machine hob load real-time monitoring system and method |
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