CN112553915A - Preparation method of microfiber leather and microfiber leather - Google Patents
Preparation method of microfiber leather and microfiber leather Download PDFInfo
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- CN112553915A CN112553915A CN202011261719.2A CN202011261719A CN112553915A CN 112553915 A CN112553915 A CN 112553915A CN 202011261719 A CN202011261719 A CN 202011261719A CN 112553915 A CN112553915 A CN 112553915A
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Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
- D06N3/0004—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using ultra-fine two-component fibres, e.g. island/sea, or ultra-fine one component fibres (< 1 denier)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
- D06N3/0011—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using non-woven fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
- D06N2211/12—Decorative or sun protection articles
- D06N2211/28—Artificial leather
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial leather, in particular to a preparation method of microfiber leather and the microfiber leather. The method comprises the following steps: mixing the sea island component raw material and an additive according to a preset proportion to obtain a mixed raw material; carrying out melt spinning on the mixed raw materials to obtain superfine fibers; molding the superfine fibers to obtain superfine fiber base cloth; soaking the base cloth with waterborne polyurethane to obtain a fabric to be opened; performing opening treatment on the fabric to be opened to obtain microfiber leather; wherein the additive can reduce the conditions of the fiber opening treatment and reduce the hydrolysis degree of the waterborne polyurethane in the fiber opening treatment process. The additive is added during the preparation of the superfine fiber, and the superfine fiber base cloth prepared from the superfine fiber can reduce the conditions of fiber opening treatment during subsequent fiber opening treatment, so that the hydrolysis degree of the waterborne polyurethane in the fiber opening treatment process is reduced, and the finally prepared superfine fiber leather has good quality performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial leather, in particular to a preparation method of microfiber leather and the microfiber leather.
Background
Natural leather is widely used because of its softness, durability and good air permeability, but the leather is derived from animals, resources are limited, and some countries and organizations have limited the use of animal leather. In addition, animal leather is expensive, limiting the use of leather over large areas. In addition, the leather production process is complex, the whole production process is a high-energy-consumption and high-pollution process, and great pollution is brought to the environment. Artificial leather has been developed gradually. The first generation is PVC artificial leather, which is a leather-like plastic product obtained by coating or laminating a mixture of polyvinyl chloride resin, plasticizer, stabilizer and the like on a woven base fabric through a calendering process; the second generation artificial leather is PU synthetic leather, which is a leather-like plastic product obtained by coating or attaching a mixture consisting of polyurethane, functional additives, fillers and the like on knitted base cloth; the third generation artificial leather is superfine fiber synthetic leather (called superfine fiber leather for short), which is prepared by preparing superfine fibers with a sea-island structure into non-woven fabrics with a three-dimensional network structure through carding and needling, and then performing polyurethane impregnation, alkali decrement or toluene extraction and after-finishing processes. Microfiber leather is widely used to replace genuine leather due to its good properties of wear resistance, folding resistance, low temperature resistance, especially air permeability, and fine hand feeling.
DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide) which is mutually soluble with water is used as a solvent in the production process of the traditional PU microfiber leather. However, DMF is corrosive and allergic to human bodies, and can be inhaled through esophagus to cause corrosive damage and allergy to intestinal tracts and internal organs of human bodies; and when the substance comes into contact with the skin, it can cause contact dermatitis pain, including itching, irritation, redness and burning; the health of human beings is greatly damaged, and particularly the growth and development of children are greatly damaged. Therefore, there are some international markets that regulate the DMF-containing products from entering the market for circulation and sale.
In recent years, in order to deal with the environmental pollution caused by the use of various solvents in the tanning process, aqueous polyurethane slurry is partially proposed to replace solvent polyurethane so as to avoid the use of organic solvents such as DMF, toluene and the like in the production process and reduce the environmental pollution. However, for the microfiber fabric made of the aqueous polyurethane, the performance of the product is reduced due to the reduction of hydrolysis resistance in the fiber opening process under the conditions of high alkali and high temperature (20% NAOH, 90-100 ℃) in the traditional process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that microfiber leather prepared by using aqueous polyurethane is easy to hydrolyze in a fiber opening process to influence product performance.
In order to solve the technical problem, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application discloses a method for preparing microfiber leather, including:
mixing the sea island component raw material and an additive according to a preset proportion to obtain a mixed raw material;
carrying out melt spinning on the mixed raw materials to obtain superfine fibers;
molding the superfine fibers to obtain superfine fiber base cloth;
soaking the base cloth with waterborne polyurethane to obtain a fabric to be opened;
performing opening treatment on the fabric to be opened to obtain microfiber leather;
wherein the additive can reduce the conditions of the fiber opening treatment and reduce the hydrolysis degree of the waterborne polyurethane in the fiber opening treatment process.
Further, the additive includes a water-soluble organic additive or a soluble inorganic salt.
Further, the preset proportion is that the sea-island component raw materials: the additive is equal to 90-95: 5-10.
Furthermore, the linear density of the superfine fibers is 0.05dtex-10 dtex.
Further, the step of forming the superfine fibers to obtain the superfine fiber base cloth comprises:
opening the superfine fibers;
paving the opened superfine fibers to prepare a superfine fiber net;
and reinforcing the superfine fiber net to obtain the superfine fiber base cloth.
Further, the step of impregnating the base cloth with the waterborne polyurethane to obtain the fabric to be opened comprises the following steps:
obtaining aqueous polyurethane, and preparing the aqueous polyurethane into a dipping tank solution;
dipping the base fabric into the dipping bath;
and carrying out ultrasonic stirring on the impregnation tank liquor to obtain the fabric to be opened.
Further, the additive comprises a water-soluble organic additive, and the microfiber leather obtained by performing fiber opening treatment on the fabric to be subjected to fiber opening comprises:
pretreating the fabric to be split in water at a preset temperature;
carrying out shower bath water washing on the pretreated fabric to be opened;
and drying the fabric to be split to obtain the microfiber leather.
Further, the additive is soluble inorganic salt, and the microfiber leather obtained by performing the fiber opening treatment on the fabric to be opened comprises:
pretreating the fabric to be opened in an acid solution;
carrying out shower bath water washing on the pretreated fabric to be opened;
and drying the fabric to be split to obtain the microfiber leather.
Further, the method further comprises:
and polishing the microfiber leather and dyeing to obtain the dyed microfiber leather.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the application discloses microfiber leather obtained by the preparation method.
By adopting the technical scheme, the preparation method of the microfiber leather and the microfiber leather have the following beneficial effects:
according to the preparation method of the microfiber leather, the additive is added during preparation of the microfiber, and the microfiber base cloth made of the microfiber can reduce conditions of fiber opening treatment during subsequent fiber opening treatment, so that the hydrolysis degree of the waterborne polyurethane in the fiber opening treatment process is reduced, and the finally prepared microfiber leather has good quality performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for preparing microfiber leather provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be included in at least one implementation of the present application. In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Moreover, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
The solvent type polyurethane slurry takes polyurethane and dimethyl formamide (DMF) as main components, and the polyurethane is solidified in water to form a filling body or a coating with a micropore structure. The principle of polyurethane solidification is that polyurethane is incompatible with water, and DMF and water are mutually soluble, so DMF is replaced by water, and polyurethane macromolecules are solidified along with continuous reduction of DMF. The traditional production process adopts an organic solvent DMF, and the processing process is easy to cause environmental pollution. In addition, water cannot completely replace DMF in polyurethane, and residual DMF can affect the quality and safety of products.
In order to deal with the environmental pollution caused by the use of various solvents in the tanning process, part of the tanning process starts to adopt solvent-free slurry to reduce the influence of the solvents on the tanning process, for example, aqueous polyurethane slurry is used to replace solvent polyurethane in the impregnation process, so that the use of organic solvents such as DMF, toluene and the like in the production process is avoided, and the environmental pollution is reduced. However, the hydrolysis resistance of the aqueous polyurethane is poor, and the performance of the product can be reduced due to the reduction of the hydrolysis resistance of the microfiber leather prepared from the aqueous polyurethane in the fiber opening process under the condition of high alkali and high temperature (20% NAOH, 90-100 ℃) in the traditional process.
In view of the above, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing microfiber leather to solve the above problems. Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for preparing microfiber leather according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, please refer to fig. 1, where the method includes:
s101: mixing the sea island component raw material and an additive according to a preset proportion to obtain a mixed raw material;
in the examples of the present application, sea-island component raw materials are used to prepare ultrafine fibers having a sea-island structure, wherein the sea component raw materials and the island component raw materials are both commonly used in the prior art for preparing ultrafine fibers having a sea-island structure. As an example, the sea component raw material is at least one of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyamide (PA); the island component raw material is Polyethylene (PE) or linear Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE). In order to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by solvent type polyurethane solution in the traditional leather making process, the superfine fiber base cloth is impregnated by the aqueous polyurethane slurry in the subsequent process of preparing the fabric to be split. In order to solve the problem that the water-based polyurethane is high in dissolution degree in a high-temperature and high-alkali environment when the fabric to be opened is opened, in the embodiment of the application, when the superfine fiber is prepared, the additive is added into the sea-island component raw materials according to a certain proportion, and the additive can reduce the condition of opening treatment, so that the high-temperature and high-alkali treatment environment is not needed when the fabric to be subsequently opened is opened, and the hydrolysis degree of the water-based polyurethane in the opening treatment process is reduced. The additive is a substance which has water solubility and is compatible with a fiber making process, and optionally, the additive comprises a water-soluble organic additive or a soluble inorganic salt. As an example, the additive is a water-soluble organic substance such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); as another example, the additive is a soluble nano inorganic salt such as carbonate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, and the like. As an example, the ratio of sea-island component raw materials to additives is: 90-95:5-10. The additive can be added in liquid form, such as solution, emulsion, suspension or colloid containing the additive, and can also be directly added to the sea-island component raw material in solid form.
S103: carrying out melt spinning on the mixed raw materials to obtain superfine fibers;
in the embodiment of the application, after the sea island component raw materials and the additives are uniformly mixed, the mixture is melted and then extruded and spun to obtain the superfine fiber, and the linear density of the superfine fiber is controlled to be 0.05dtex-10 dtex.
S105: molding the superfine fibers to obtain superfine fiber base cloth;
in the embodiment of the application, after the spinning is finished, the superfine fiber is subjected to the process steps of opening, carding, lapping, reinforcing and the like to obtain the superfine fiber non-woven base fabric with the three-dimensional network structure. In the lapping process, the superfine fiber is lapped to prepare a superfine fiber net, and the superfine fiber net can be of a single-layer net structure or a multi-layer net composite structure. And reinforcing the superfine fiber net after lapping to obtain the superfine fiber base cloth. The reinforcement can be needle punching reinforcement or water punching reinforcement. Finally, the superfine fiber base cloth is heated and ironed for 2min to 8min at the temperature of 100 ℃ to 150 ℃ for shaping, and then the superfine fiber base cloth with a certain thickness is manufactured by a compression roller.
S107: soaking the base cloth with waterborne polyurethane to obtain a fabric to be opened;
in the embodiment of the application, in order to solve the problem of environmental protection and produce the ecological microfiber leather meeting the requirements, the waterborne polyurethane is selected as the slurry, and can avoid the use of solvents such as DMF (dimethyl formamide), and the like, so that the pollution to the environment and the potential harm to a user are reduced.
In the embodiment of the present application, the waterborne polyurethane may be any brand of waterborne polyurethane currently sold in the market. The aqueous polyurethane may be prepared by the following procedure. Firstly, adding diphenylmethane diisocyanate (TDI) and propylene glycol polyether into a reactor, adding acetone as a solvent, and carrying out prepolymerization reaction at 80 +/-5 ℃ for 2 +/-0.5 h. Then cooling the reaction system to 40 +/-5 ℃ by cooling water, gradually adding 1, 5-pentanediol, heating to 70 +/-10 min, reacting for 60min +/-20 min, and then adding 2-hydroxy-2-butyl acrylate to react for 40min +/-10 min to obtain the waterborne polyurethane prepolymer. And then, adding deionized water, an emulsifier and an initiator into the prepolymer, stirring at a high speed for reaction for 30-50min, then adding perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate for reaction for 3 +/-1 h, and finally removing acetone by a reduced pressure distillation method to prepare the waterborne polyurethane emulsion.
In the embodiment of the application, the aqueous polyurethane emulsion is prepared into a dipping tank solution. Pouring the waterborne polyurethane into an impregnation tank, adding a thickening agent, a defoaming agent and a flatting agent into the tank, mixing, and uniformly stirring to obtain an impregnation tank solution. Optionally, the main component of the thickener added in the process is polyether polyurethane, the main component of the defoamer is a defoamer for nonionic waterborne polyurethane, and the main component of the leveling agent is polyether siloxane copolymer. After the preparation of the dipping tank liquid is finished, the prepared superfine fiber base cloth is dipped into the dipping tank liquid made of the waterborne polyurethane, and in order to fully allow the dipping tank liquid to fully enter fiber gaps, ultrasonic stirring is optionally performed on the dipping tank liquid in the dipping process by using ultrasonic equipment. And after the impregnation is finished, taking the superfine fiber base cloth subjected to the impregnation treatment out of the impregnation tank, removing redundant waterborne polyurethane slurry on the surface of the superfine fiber base cloth by using a scraper, and then drying the superfine fiber base cloth for 3min-5min through a mesh belt heating furnace at 110-130 ℃ until the superfine fiber base cloth is completely dried to obtain the fabric to be split.
S109: performing opening treatment on a fabric to be opened to obtain microfiber leather;
in the embodiment of the application, in order to solve the adverse effect of high temperature and high alkali on the waterborne polyurethane in the fiber opening process, a water-soluble organic substance (such as polyvinyl alcohol) or an inorganic nano water-soluble salt (such as carbonate, phosphate or other soluble inorganic salts) is added in the superfine fiber manufacturing process to replace LDPE (low-density polyethylene) serving as a sea component in the traditional process. In the fiber opening process, the water-soluble organic matters or the inorganic nano water-soluble salts are dissolved in weak acid or hot water, so that the fiber opening purpose is achieved, and porous bass is formed.
For the fabric to be opened, which is obtained by adding water-soluble organic matters as additives, the fabric to be opened is subjected to opening treatment by adopting the following processes to obtain the microfiber leather: pretreating the fabric to be opened in water at a preset temperature; optionally, the fabric to be split is treated by hot water at 90-100 ℃, the superfine fiber base cloth in the fabric to be split contains a water-soluble organic additive, the organic additive can be dissolved in water, and nano-scale holes are left in the fabric to be split, so that the fiber splitting purpose is achieved, and the fabric to be split is not treated by high-temperature high-alkali water solution in the fiber splitting process, so that the solubility of the aqueous polyurethane in the water solution used in the fiber splitting process is reduced, and the finally obtained microfiber leather has good product performance. Optionally, in the embodiment of the application, the treatment time of the fabric to be subjected to fiber opening through hot water treatment is 1h-3 h. Then the pretreated fabric to be opened is washed by continuous shower bath at 60-80 ℃, and finally the microfiber leather is prepared by a drying process of a setting machine at 130-160 ℃.
For the fabric to be opened, which is obtained by adding soluble nano inorganic salt as an additive, the fabric to be opened is subjected to opening treatment by adopting the following process to obtain the microfiber leather: pretreating the fabric to be opened in water at a preset temperature; optionally, 1% -2% of HCl solution is adopted to treat the fabric to be split in an ultrasonic pool at 20-35 ℃, soluble nano inorganic salt additive is contained in the superfine fiber base cloth in the fabric to be split, the soluble nano inorganic salt additive can be dissolved in water, and nano-scale holes are left on the fabric to be split, so that the fiber splitting purpose is achieved, and the fabric to be split is not treated by high-heat high-alkali in the fiber splitting process, so that the solubility of the aqueous polyurethane in the aqueous solution used in the fiber splitting process is reduced, and the finally obtained microfiber leather has good product performance. Optionally, in the embodiment of the application, the time for processing the fabric to be opened in a weak acid environment is 1h-1.5 h. Then the pretreated fabric to be opened is washed by continuous shower bath at 60-80 ℃, and finally the microfiber leather is prepared by a drying process of a setting machine at 130-160 ℃.
In the embodiment of the application, the preparation method further comprises the step of polishing the microfiber leather and then dyeing the microfiber leather to obtain the dyed microfiber leather. Specifically, one side of the microfiber leather prepared as above was buffed using 100# to 300# sandpaper until suede leather having piles of a predetermined size (e.g., 80 μm) was formed. And dyeing one side of the fluff to obtain the dyed microfiber leather, wherein the dye is a neutral or acid dye which is commercially available and aims at the microfiber leather.
In the microfiber leather preparation method provided by the embodiment of the application, the aqueous polyurethane is used, so that the use of toxic solvents such as DMF (dimethyl formamide), toluene and the like can be avoided, the pollution to the environment is reduced, meanwhile, the harm to the health of operators is avoided, and the influence of solvent residues on the product quality and the health of consumers is avoided. The inorganic soluble salt additive such as nano carbonate, phosphate or a water-soluble organic matter additive thereof is added in the manufacturing process of the superfine fiber, so that the problem that the high-temperature and high-alkali environment damages the aqueous polyurethane when the fiber is opened by the aqueous polyurethane in the prior art is solved, and the service performance of the microfiber leather is prevented from being reduced.
The embodiment of the application also discloses microfiber leather which is prepared by the preparation method.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of microfiber leather is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the sea island component raw material and an additive according to a preset proportion to obtain a mixed raw material;
carrying out melt spinning on the mixed raw materials to obtain superfine fibers;
molding the superfine fibers to obtain superfine fiber base cloth;
soaking the base cloth with waterborne polyurethane to obtain a fabric to be opened;
performing opening treatment on the fabric to be opened to obtain microfiber leather;
wherein the additive can reduce the conditions of the fiber opening treatment and reduce the hydrolysis degree of the waterborne polyurethane in the fiber opening treatment process.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the additive comprises a water-soluble organic additive or a soluble inorganic salt.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the predetermined ratio is sea-island component raw materials: the additive is equal to 90-95: 5-10.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the superfine fiber has a linear density of 0.05dtex to 10 dtex.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the forming of the ultrafine fibers to obtain the ultrafine fiber base cloth comprises:
opening the superfine fibers;
paving the opened superfine fibers to prepare a superfine fiber net;
and reinforcing the superfine fiber net to obtain the superfine fiber base cloth.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the step of impregnating the base fabric with the aqueous polyurethane to obtain the fabric to be opened comprises the following steps:
obtaining aqueous polyurethane, and preparing the aqueous polyurethane into a dipping tank solution;
dipping the base fabric into the dipping bath;
and carrying out ultrasonic stirring on the impregnation tank liquor to obtain the fabric to be opened.
7. The preparation method of claim 3, wherein the additive comprises a water-soluble organic additive, and the process of opening the fabric to be opened to obtain the microfiber leather comprises the following steps:
pretreating the fabric to be split in water at a preset temperature;
carrying out shower bath water washing on the pretreated fabric to be opened;
and drying the fabric to be split to obtain the microfiber leather.
8. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the additive is a soluble inorganic salt, and the process of opening the fabric to be opened to obtain the microfiber leather comprises the following steps:
pretreating the fabric to be opened in an acid solution;
carrying out shower bath water washing on the pretreated fabric to be opened;
and drying the fabric to be split to obtain the microfiber leather.
9. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, further comprising:
and polishing the microfiber leather and dyeing to obtain the dyed microfiber leather.
10. Microfiber leather, characterized in that it is obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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