CN112553735A

CN112553735A - Method for improving moisture absorption performance and fragrance of blended yarn by using electrostatic spinning process

Info

Publication number: CN112553735A
Application number: CN202011380469.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 严涛海; 时雅菁; 林瑜; 庄慧敏; 柯惠珍; 袁小红; 李永贵
Original assignee: Minjiang University
Current assignee: Minjiang University
Priority date: 2020-11-30
Filing date: 2020-11-30
Publication date: 2021-03-26

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving moisture absorption performance and fragrance of blended yarn by using an electrostatic spinning process, which comprises the following steps of S1: carrying out opening picking and cotton carding processes on the polyester fiber; s2: mixing the fragrant microcapsules, HPMC and PVB to prepare spinning solution; s3: carrying out two drawing processes on the cotton bundle obtained in the step S1, simultaneously carrying out electrostatic spinning on the spinning solution of the step S2 in a merging process, coating and mixing electrostatic spinning micro-nano fibers in polyester fibers in the merging process, and uniformly mixing the electrostatic spinning micro-nano fibers and the polyester fibers in a merging process to obtain a composite cotton bundle; s4: and (3) sequentially carrying out roving and spinning processes on the composite cotton bundle to obtain the blended yarn. According to the invention, HPMC with high water absorption and PVB with polyvinyl butyral are added into the polyester yarn by using an electrostatic spinning technology, so that the water absorption and the wearing comfort of the polyester fiber are improved, and meanwhile, the PVB has natural ultraviolet resistance and can improve the ultraviolet resistance function of the polyester fiber.

Description

Method for improving moisture absorption performance and fragrance of blended yarn by using electrostatic spinning process

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of spinning, and particularly relates to a method for improving moisture absorption performance and fragrance of blended yarns by using an electrostatic spinning process.

Background

Electrospinning is a special fiber manufacturing process, where polymer solutions or melts are jet spun in a strong electric field. Under the action of the electric field, the liquid drop at the needle head changes from a spherical shape to a conical shape (i.e. a Taylor cone) and extends from the tip of the cone to obtain a fiber filament. The electrostatic spinning technology is the most economical and industrialized technology for preparing nano-scale to micron-scale polymer fibers, and the micro-nanofiber prepared by the electrostatic spinning technology has the characteristics of large specific surface area, high porosity, easy size control, easy surface functionalization (such as surface coating and surface modification) and the like, and has important application value in many fields. The electrostatic spinning does not use high temperature, and the functional property of the functional material can not be damaged.

The hygroscopicity is an important index of the wearability, the good hygroscopicity is an important standard of the wearing comfort, the hygroscopicity of the polyester fiber material is poor, the hygroscopicity of the polyester fiber material needs to be improved by blending with a material with good hygroscopicity, and the comfortableness and the antistatic property of the fabric can be improved. Conventional polyester materials are not functional, limiting personalized consumption.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for improving the moisture absorption performance and the fragrance of blended yarns by using an electrostatic spinning process.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for improving the moisture absorption performance and the fragrance of blended yarn by using an electrostatic spinning process comprises the following steps:

s1: carrying out opening picking and cotton carding processes on the polyester fiber;

s2: mixing the fragrant microcapsules, HPMC and PVB to prepare spinning solution;

s3: carrying out two drawing processes on the cotton bundle obtained in the step S1, carrying out electrostatic spinning on the spinning solution obtained in the step S2 in a merging process, coating and mixing electrostatic spinning micro-nano fibers in polyester fibers in the merging process, and further uniformly mixing the electrostatic spinning micro-nano fibers and the polyester fibers in a merging process to obtain a composite cotton bundle;

s4: and (5) sequentially carrying out roving and spinning processes on the composite cotton bundle obtained in the step S3 to obtain the blended yarn.

Furthermore, the mass ratio of the raw materials is 60-99% of polyester fiber and 1-40% of electrostatic spinning micro-nano fiber.

Further, the spinning solution takes 70% of ethanol as a solvent, the fragrant microcapsules account for 0.5-20% of the spinning solution by mass, the HPMC accounts for 0.5-90% of the spinning solution by mass, and the PVB accounts for the spinning solution by mass: 10 to 90 percent.

The opening and picking process parameters are as follows: the rotating speed of the opening roller is 300-.

The cotton carding process parameters are that the cylinder rotating speed is 200-700r/min, the surface linear velocity ratio (cylinder/licker-in) is 3-10 times, the net outlet speed is 1-15m/min, and the total drafting multiple speed (doffer/cotton feeding) is 15-50 times.

The drawing process parameters are as follows:

together: the sliver discharging speed is 3-10 times, the total drafting multiple is 5-15m/min, the drafting multiple of the rear zone is 1.0-5.0 times, the drafting multiple of the middle zone is 1.0-5.0 times, and the drafting multiple of the front zone is 1.0-10.0 times;

secondly, combining: the drawing speed is 3-10 times, the total drafting multiple is 5-15m/min, the drafting multiple of the rear zone is 1.0-5.0 times, the drafting multiple of the middle zone is 1.0-5.0 times, and the drafting multiple of the front zone is 1.0-10.0 times.

The roving process parameters are as follows: the temperature is 25-26 ℃, the relative humidity is 55-65%, the roving number is 100-.

The spun yarn process parameters are as follows: the temperature is 25-26 ℃, the relative humidity is 55-65%, the twist coefficient is 70-500, the twist is 15-450T/m, and the twist shrinkage is 0.5-25%.

The method is suitable for all chemical fiber yarns prepared by using cotton type spinning machinery, and polyester fibers are replaced by other cotton type chemical fiber short fibers.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. by using the method, after the micro-nano fibers are mixed into the yarn, the micro-nano fibers can be more uniformly distributed in the yarn body, the specific surface area of the yarn is greatly increased, and the filtering performance of the yarn is improved when the yarn is used for filtering materials.

2. According to the invention, the high-water-absorptivity hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) are added into the polyester yarn by using the electrostatic spinning technology, so that the water absorptivity and the wearing comfort of the polyester fiber are improved, and meanwhile, the PVB has natural uvioresistant property, so that the uvioresistant function of the polyester fiber is improved.

3. Micro-nano fragrant capsules are added in the preparation process of the electrostatic spinning micro-nano fibers, fragrant microcapsules are wrapped by the electrostatic spinning micro-nano fibers and protected, the electrostatic spinning micro-nano fibers are uniformly distributed in polyester yarns, the fragrant microcapsules are also uniformly distributed in the polyester yarns, under the action of external force, the fragrant microcapsules exposed on the surfaces of the electrostatic spinning micro-nano fibers break firstly to emit fragrance, and the fibers inside the electrostatic spinning micro-nano fibers are continuously wrapped and protected. The HPMC can be slowly dissolved by water, so after the yarn is prepared into a fabric, the HPMC in the electrostatic spinning nanometer micro-nano fiber can be gradually dissolved by water after washing, the fragrant microcapsules wrapped in the fiber can gradually expose the surface of the fiber, the fabric can also break to emit fragrance after being subjected to external force, the fabric can be gradually exposed after being washed for many times, and the fragrance emission becomes more durable. In short, by using the method, the slow water dissolution of the HPMC has a slow release effect, and the fragrance emission has durability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a yarn made according to the present invention;

figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the HPMC yarn after being dissolved in water.

Detailed Description

A method for improving the moisture absorption performance and the fragrance of blended yarn by using an electrostatic spinning process takes cotton type polyester as a main component, and adopts a cotton type carding process route as follows: pretreatment → raw material → cotton blending → open picking → cotton carding → drawing (I) + electrostatic spinning → drawing (II) → roving → spun yarn.

1. Raw material ratio

60-99% of cotton type polyester fiber;

1% -40% of electrostatic spinning fiber;

2. selection of raw materials

Cotton-type fibers refer to chemical fibers that are similar in length, fineness, performance, and morphology to cotton fibers. The length is generally 31 to 38mm, and the fineness is 1.67dtex or finer. The length is about 30-40 mm, and the fineness is about 1.5 denier. Polyester fibers, commonly known as "dacron". The PET fiber is a synthetic fiber obtained by spinning polyester formed by polycondensation of organic dibasic acid and dihydric alcohol, is called PET fiber for short, and belongs to a high molecular compound. Invented in 1941, is the first major variety of current synthetic fibers. The polyester fiber has the advantages of good crease resistance and shape retention, high strength and elastic recovery capability. It is firm and durable, has the functions of resisting wrinkle, preventing ironing and preventing hair from sticking. The moisture regain of the terylene under the standard state is 0.4 percent.

HPMC: [ C6H7O2(OH)3-m-n (OCH3) (OCH2CHOHCH3) ], is a very good stabilizer. HPMC has good dispersion, thickening, binding, water retention and other properties, can be dissolved in ethanol with concentration below 70%, but it is noted that HPMC is not dissolved any more when ethanol concentration is higher than 70%, but is uniformly dispersed in ethanol solution, and this property can be utilized when preparing nano composite fiber, so as to achieve the purpose of uniformly mixing solution. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose does not react with absolute ethanol. Generally, the solvent is dissolved by using normal temperature water, but the solvent is only uniformly dispersed in the absolute ethyl alcohol at a certain temperature and then is dissolved after being cooled. The hygroscopicity of the product is 11%.

3. Opening and picking process

The polyester fiber has good strength, and can increase the striking, increase the speed and improve the uniform mixing degree in the opening and picking process, but the damage to the fiber is avoided as much as possible. The main technical parameters of the opening process are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 major technical parameters of the opening process

4. Cotton carding process

Because the polyester fiber has good elasticity and high bulkiness, the cotton carding process adopts more carding, less dropping and low speed. In the process, the dryness of the equipment is kept as much as possible, and the phenomena of winding, congestion and the like are avoided. Meanwhile, the licker-in speed and the cylinder carding speed are properly adjusted, the generation of cotton back flow and cotton knots of the licker-in is prevented, the distance between the cover plate and the cylinder is properly adjusted, the fiber can be prevented from winding the cylinder and filling the cover plate, and the quality and the definition of the cotton net are improved. The leather roller cotton guide device is additionally arranged in front of the doffer so as to improve the supporting and drafting of the cotton web, and the tension of the cotton web can be reduced to the minimum as much as possible, so that the deterioration of the evenness is reduced, and the production rate is improved. The main technical parameters of the cotton carding process are shown in a table 2.

TABLE 2 main technical parameters of carding process

5. Drawing process

Polyester fibers should be less hygroscopic to avoid entanglement due to static electricity. During drawing, care must also be taken that evenness occurs. There are two types of evenness, regular evenness (mechanical wave) which is a periodic thickness due to malfunction of the elements of the drafting section, and irregular evenness (draft wave) which is a thickness due to irregular movement of the float fibers in the sliver during drafting. Therefore, the stability of the machine member must be maintained during drawing to avoid the generation of regular evenness (mechanical wave), and if the irregular evenness (drafting wave) occurs, the drawing process needs to be carried out again under the condition of obvious influence. In order to ensure the drawing uniformity, the drawing process adopts two drawing processes, and the two drawing processes adopt 4 drawing modes. The main technical parameters of the drawing process are shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 drawing process Main technical parameters

The electrostatic spinning is carried out simultaneously in a one-step process. The flavor microcapsule/HPMC/PVB mixed solution is prepared according to the proportion respectively.

The mass fraction of the fragrant microcapsules in the spinning solution is as follows: 0.5-20%;

HPMC (molecular weight 5-35 ten thousand) accounts for the mass fraction of the spinning solution: 0.5-90%;

PVB (molecular weight 5-35 ten thousand) accounts for the mass fraction of the spinning solution: 10 to 90 percent.

The proportion selection principle is as follows: PVB cannot be dissolved in water, and HPMC is dissolved in water, so that the fragrance microcapsules are exposed more easily and the exposure amount is larger, but the HPMC content is not recommended to exceed 90%, because when the content is too high, the fragrance microcapsules are completely exposed after the HPMC is completely dissolved and can easily fall out of gaps of yarns in the using process.

According to the mixture ratio, the flavor microcapsules, the HPMC and the PVB are put into 70 percent ethanol and stirred for 12 to 36 hours until the mixture is uniform.

The electrostatic spinning nozzle is in the form of single nozzle, multiple nozzles or no nozzle and multiple jet flow, the receiving end is a strip plane, the nozzle is aligned with the strip, the distance between the nozzle and the strip is 3-40cm, and the shorter the distance is, the longer the distance is. Because the iron piece is arranged below the sliver and is integrally grounded, the electrostatic spinning nano-fiber is captured by the sliver in the process of being grounded and is deposited on the sliver, the sliver is coated and mixed in the cotton fiber in the first sliver combining process, and the sliver is further mixed uniformly in the second sliver combining process. Therefore, the electrospun nanofibers are preferably mixed into the sliver at the first drawing, which facilitates uniform mixing of the nanofibers in the sliver. And the nanofiber is not recommended to be mixed in other processes, if the nanofiber is mixed in a cleaning process before drawing, a beater hits the fiber, but the electrostatic spinning micro-nanofiber has poor strength, and the fiber is damaged by beating.

6. Roving process

The temperature should be kept between 25 ℃ and 26 ℃ during roving, the relative humidity is 55% -65%, so that the roving winding in the process is moderate, and the roving is uniform. It is not desirable to maintain the elongation of the roving too long during the roving process, which could result in poor yarn levelness of the roving. The twist of the roving is not suitable to be too large or too small, and the wet temperature is properly controlled, so that the winding of the roving is moderate and the roving is not too loose or too tight. The roving machine should be regularly cleaned to avoid flying flowers from attaching to the roving machine, and the roving strips are uneven due to the fact that the fibers are gathered and the flyers hang flowers. The main roving process parameters are shown in table 4.

TABLE 4 main parameters of the roving process

7. Spun yarn process

The environment temperature is kept at 25-26 ℃ and the relative humidity is 55-65% in the spinning process, so that smooth spinning is facilitated. The total draft and the back draft of the spun yarn should not be too large, which may result in uneven yarn levelness of the spun yarn. Similarly, the gap between the rubber ring and the roller is not proper, the roller is not pressurized enough, and the uneven yarn evenness can be caused. During spinning, attention needs to be paid to the yarn returning winding on the spindle and the yarn pipe bunching yarn returning, and the yarn returning winding and the yarn pipe bunching yarn returning can cause the appearance of local thick yarn. The main parameters of the spinning process are shown in table 5.

TABLE 5 spinning Process Main parameters

Example 1

1. Raw material ratio

60% of cotton type polyester fiber;

40% of electrostatic spinning fiber;

2. opening and picking process

The rotating speed of the opening roller is 300 r/min;

the opening speed ratio is 200 times.

3. Cotton carding process cylinder

The rotating speed is 200 r/min;

surface linear velocity ratio (cylinder/licker-in) 3 times;

the net outlet speed is 1 m/min;

the total draft is 15 times faster (doffer/cotton feed).

4. Drawing process

In order to ensure the drawing uniformity, the drawing process adopts two drawing processes, and the two drawing processes adopt 4 drawing modes.

Main technical parameters of drawing process

The mass fraction of the fragrant microcapsules in the spinning solution is as follows: 0.5 percent;

HPMC (molecular weight 5-35 ten thousand) accounts for the mass fraction of the spinning solution: 9.5 percent;

PVB (molecular weight 5-35 ten thousand) accounts for the mass fraction of the spinning solution: 90 percent.

According to the proportion, the flavor microcapsules, the HPMC and the PVB are put into 70 percent ethanol and stirred for 12 hours until the mixture is uniform.

The electrostatic spinning nozzle is in the form of single nozzle, multiple nozzles or no nozzle and multiple jet flow, the receiving end is a strip plane, the nozzle is aligned with the strip, the distance between the nozzle and the strip is 3-40cm, and the shorter the distance is, the longer the distance is. Because the iron piece is arranged below the sliver and is integrally grounded, the electrostatic spinning nano-fiber is captured by the sliver in the process of being grounded and is deposited on the sliver, the sliver is coated and mixed in the cotton fiber in the first sliver combining process, and the sliver is further mixed uniformly in the second sliver combining process.

5. Roving process

The temperature was maintained at 25 ℃ and the relative humidity at 55% during the roving process.

Roving number 100 tex;

a twist multiplier of 50;

the twist is 15T/m;

the drafting multiple of the rear zone is 1.5 times;

the front zone draft is 1.5 times;

mechanical draft is 1.5 times.

6. Spun yarn process

And keeping the ambient temperature at 25 ℃ and the relative humidity at 55% in the spinning process.

The twist factor is 70, the twist is 15T/m, and the twist shrinkage is 0.5%.

Example 2

1. Raw material ratio

99% of cotton type polyester fiber;

1% of electrostatic spinning fiber;

2. opening and picking process

The rotating speed of the opening roller is 800 r/min;

the opening speed ratio is 500 times.

3. Cotton carding process cylinder

The rotating speed is 700 r/min;

surface linear velocity ratio (cylinder/licker-in) 10 times;

the net outlet speed is 15 m/min;

the total draft is 50 times faster (doffer/feed).

4. Drawing process

Main technical parameters of drawing process

The mass fraction of the fragrant microcapsules in the spinning solution is as follows: 20 percent;

HPMC (molecular weight 5-35 ten thousand) accounts for the mass fraction of the spinning solution: 70 percent;

PVB (molecular weight 5-35 ten thousand) accounts for the mass fraction of the spinning solution: 10 percent.

According to the mixture ratio, the flavor microcapsules, the HPMC and the PVB are put into 70 percent ethanol and stirred for 36 hours until the mixture is uniform.

5. Roving process

The temperature was maintained at 26 ℃ during the roving process and the relative humidity was 65%.

Number of roving 1000 tex;

a twist multiplier of 300;

the twist is 100T/m;

the drafting multiple of the rear zone is 10.0 times;

the front zone draft is 10.0 times;

mechanical draft was 20.0 times.

6. Spun yarn process

The environment temperature is kept at 26 ℃ and the relative humidity is kept at 65% in the spinning process.

The twist factor is 500, the twist is 450T/m, and the twist shrinkage is 25%.

Example 3

1. Raw material ratio

80% of cotton type polyester fiber;

20% of electrostatic spinning fiber;

2. opening and picking process

The rotating speed of the opening roller is 550 r/min;

the opening speed ratio is 350 times.

3. Cotton carding process cylinder

The rotating speed is 450 r/min;

surface linear velocity ratio (cylinder/licker-in) 6 times;

the net outlet speed is 8 m/min;

the total draft is 35 times faster (doffer/cotton feed).

4. Drawing process

Main technical parameters of drawing process

The mass fraction of the fragrant microcapsules in the spinning solution is as follows: 10 percent;

HPMC (molecular weight 5-35 ten thousand) accounts for the mass fraction of the spinning solution: 40 percent;

PVB (molecular weight 5-35 ten thousand) accounts for the mass fraction of the spinning solution: 50 percent.

According to the mixture ratio, the flavor microcapsules, the HPMC and the PVB are put into 70 percent ethanol and stirred for 24 hours until the mixture is uniform.

5. Roving process

The temperature was maintained at 25 ℃ and the relative humidity at 60% during the roving process.

Roving number 500 tex;

a twist multiplier of 180;

the twist is 60T/m;

the drafting multiple of the rear zone is 6.0 times;

the front zone draft is 6.0 times;

mechanical draft 10.0 times.

6. Spun yarn process

The environment temperature is kept at 26 ℃ and the relative humidity is kept at 60% in the spinning process.

The twist factor is 300, the twist is 200T/m, and the twist shrinkage is 15%.

The fabric with the tightness of 100% is prepared by using the yarn of the method (the electrostatic spinning fiber accounts for 5%), the ultraviolet resistance of the fabric is reduced after HPMC is added into the electrostatic spinning solution, and pure PVB has better ultraviolet resistance. However, the water absorption and the wearing comfort of the fabric can be improved after the HPMC is added.

TABLE 6 HPMC/PVB/nanocomposite fiber UV resistance (fragrance microcapsules 1%)

Claims

1. A method for improving the moisture absorption performance and the fragrance of blended yarn by using an electrostatic spinning process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

2. The method of claim 1 for improving moisture absorption and flavor of blended yarn using electrospinning process, wherein: the mass ratio of the raw materials is 60-99% of polyester fiber and 1-40% of electrostatic spinning micro-nano fiber.

3. The method of claim 1 for improving moisture absorption and flavor of blended yarn using electrospinning process, wherein: the spinning solution takes ethanol as a solvent, the fragrant microcapsules account for 0.5-20% of the spinning solution by mass, the HPMC accounts for 0.5-90% of the spinning solution by mass, and the PVB accounts for the spinning solution by mass: 10 to 90 percent.

4. The method of claim 3 for improving moisture absorption and flavor of blended yarn using electrospinning process, wherein: the concentration of the ethanol is 70%.

5. The method of claim 1 for improving moisture absorption and flavor of blended yarn using electrospinning process, wherein: the opening and picking process parameters are as follows: the rotating speed of the opening roller is 300-.

6. The method of claim 1 for improving moisture absorption and flavor of blended yarn using electrospinning process, wherein: the carding technological parameters are that the cylinder rotation speed is 200-700r/min, the surface linear velocity ratio (cylinder/licker-in) is 3-10 times, the net outlet speed is 1-15m/min, and the total drafting multiple speed (doffer/cotton feeding) is 15-50 times.

7. The method of claim 1 for improving moisture absorption and flavor of blended yarn using electrospinning process, wherein: drawing technological parameters are as follows:

8. The method of claim 1 for improving moisture absorption and flavor of blended yarn using electrospinning process, wherein: the roving process parameters are as follows: the temperature is 25-26 ℃, the relative humidity is 55-65%, the roving number is 100-.

9. The method of claim 1 for improving moisture absorption and flavor of blended yarn using electrospinning process, wherein: the spun yarn process parameters are as follows: the temperature is 25-26 ℃, the relative humidity is 55-65%, the twist coefficient is 70-500, the twist is 15-450T/m, and the twist shrinkage is 0.5-25%.

10. The method of claim 1 for improving moisture absorption and flavor of blended yarn using electrospinning process, wherein: the polyester fiber is replaced by cotton type chemical fiber short fiber.