CN112553538B - Low-hardness 20CrMnTi round steel - Google Patents
Low-hardness 20CrMnTi round steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112553538B CN112553538B CN202011266600.4A CN202011266600A CN112553538B CN 112553538 B CN112553538 B CN 112553538B CN 202011266600 A CN202011266600 A CN 202011266600A CN 112553538 B CN112553538 B CN 112553538B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a low-hardness 20CrMnTi round steel, wherein the round steel blank comprises the following components: 0.18% -0.22%, silicon: 0.20-0.30%, manganese: 0.85% -1.05%, chromium: 1.05-1.25%, titanium: 0.050% -0.070%, aluminum: 0.020-0.040 percent of oxygen, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of oxygen; smelting the round steel blank into molten steel by a steel smelting furnace, and carrying out LF refining and RH vacuum treatment on the molten steel to continuously cast into a continuous casting blank; the continuous casting billet is heated in a furnace in a three-section mode, and is rolled into rolled round steel by a rough rolling mill, a middle rolling mill and a finish rolling mill set after heating; the rolled round steel is controlled and cooled through a water penetrating device; and (3) after rolling, enabling the round steel to pass through water and then enter a cooling bed for natural cooling, controlling the temperature of the round steel on the cooling bed to be 930 +/-30 ℃, and enabling the specification of the 20CrMnTi round steel to be phi 30 mm-phi 42 mm.
Description
The invention is the application number: 2019104225952, filing date: in 2019, 5 and 21 months, the invention and creation name is as follows: a kind of lower
A production method of 20CrMnTi round steel is applied by division.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a low-hardness 20CrMnTi round steel.
Background
In recent years, the industries such as automobiles, engineering machinery and the like are vigorously developed, and the domestic demand on 20CrMnTi series round steel is very strong. According to the statistical data of China automobile industry Association and China Gear professional Association, the China automobile output and sales volume in 2019 reaches 2800 thousands, the consumption of automobile gear steel is about 370 thousands of t, the China automobile output is increased by about 10% per year on average, the product composition of the automobile industry in recent years is analyzed, the automobile industry which is the fastest in growth can be found to be mainly a heavy-duty truck and a car, and as the speed of the car entering family pace is accelerated, the automobile industry in China has entered a high-speed development stage, the automobile gear becomes the most important consumer of the gear steel more and more.
The gear steel has wider use coverage, is mainly applied to manufacturing and using vehicle gears such as cars, trucks, agricultural vehicles, motorcycles and the like, and is also larger in use of engineering machinery gears. The 20CrMnTi round steel is used as the main steel grade of the gear steel developed in China, the main elements Cr and Mn of the steel grade are rich in elements in China, the price is low, the production cost is low, and the growth tendency of crystal grains is small, so that the steel grade is difficult to swing in the leading position in the gear industry in China for many years.
The 20CrMnTi belongs to low-carbon alloy steel, the steel has high mechanical property, and after carburization quenching low-temperature tempering, the surface hardness is HRC58-62, and the core hardness is HRC 30-45. The 20CrMnTi has better technological properties, and the machinability of the alloy is improved by normalizing after forging. In addition, the 20CrMnTi also has better hardenability, is insensitive to overheating due to the influence of alloy element titanium, can be directly cooled and quenched after carburization, and has the advantages of higher carburization speed, more uniform transition layer and small deformation after carburization and quenching. The method is suitable for manufacturing important parts bearing high-speed and medium load, impact and friction, so that the 20CrMnTi steel is selected according to the working conditions of the gear. Carburizing at 940 ℃, quenching at 870 ℃ and tempering at 200 ℃ after 910 and 850 ℃, wherein the tensile strength of the mechanical properties is more than or equal to 1100MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 850MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 10%, the reduction of area is more than or equal to 45%, the impact toughness is more than or equal to 680, and the hardness is HRC 58-62.
The 20CrMnTi round steel is generally produced and delivered according to the relevant technical requirements of the national standard GB/T3077-2015 alloy structural steel, the Brinell hardness of the 20CrMnTi round steel is not more than HB217 when the supply state is annealing or high-temperature tempering, but in the actual production, the round steel is mostly produced and supplied in a hot rolling state (close to a normalizing state) by considering process and cost factors, namely, the round steel is naturally cooled through a cooling bed after rolling is finished, annealing or high-temperature tempering is not carried out, the means in the aspect of controlling the structure and the hardness of the rolled round steel are very limited, the 20CrMnTi round steel with small specification (generally less than or equal to phi 50mm) generates martensite or bainite structure transformation in the steel due to the high cooling speed of the cooling bed, and the hardness of the round steel is increased from HB 200-HB 220 to HB 240-HB 300.
The use process of the 20CrMnTi round steel at a user part generally comprises the following steps: round steel → shearing or saw cut unloading → heating → punching press → heat treatment, the first process in the user's use is for shearing or saw cutting the unloading according to the required unloading size of different work pieces, consequently, to the high 20CrMnTi round steel of hardness, can cause during the unloading to collapse mouthful (or call "lack meat") the defect such as, this kind of unloading spare can't carry out subsequent press forming to cause the waste product, in addition, the round steel of high hardness makes the machines loss increase. In a word, the 20CrMnTi round steel with high hardness has increased machine tool loss and low processing efficiency due to the increase of waste products, and the use of a user is seriously influenced.
Since the development and production of 20CrMnTi round steel, the complaint of higher hardness of users is the most, and therefore, the quality is more different, after the hardness exceeds HB240, the blanking processing is difficult when the user uses the steel, and bainite or martensite appears in the structure of the round steel through statistical analysis.
In the process of implementing the invention, the applicant finds that at least the following problems exist in the prior art:
aiming at the condition that the hardness of the small-specification 20CrMnTi round steel is higher, the production process is optimized and improved, for example, the content of elements such as C, Mn, Cr and the like is reduced in a standard range, and the steel is quickly conveyed to a storehouse through a cooling bed for heap cooling and slow cooling after final rolling, but the improvement effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a production method of low-hardness 20CrMnTi round steel, which controls the hot-rolled hardness of the 20CrMnTi round steel with the specification of phi 30-phi 50mm within the range of HB 200-HB 230, so that the round steel has better structure uniformity, lower hardness and good processing performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the embodiment of the invention provides a production method of low-hardness 20CrMnTi round steel, which designs and controls the components of a round steel blank to be carbon: 0.18% -0.22%, silicon: 0.20-0.30%, manganese: 0.85% -1.05%, chromium: 1.05-1.25%, titanium: 0.050% -0.070%, aluminum: 0.020-0.040 percent of oxygen, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of oxygen;
smelting the round steel blank into molten steel by a steel smelting furnace, and carrying out LF refining and RH vacuum treatment on the molten steel to continuously cast into a continuous casting blank;
the continuous casting billet is heated in a furnace in a three-section mode, and is rolled into rolled round steel by a rough rolling mill, a middle rolling mill and a finish rolling mill set after heating;
the rolled round steel is controlled and cooled through a water penetrating device;
after rolling, the round steel penetrates through water and then enters a cooling bed for natural cooling, and the temperature of the round steel on the cooling bed is controlled to be 930 +/-30 ℃.
Furthermore, the continuous casting billet is a square billet and has the size of 165 x 165 mm.
Furthermore, the continuous casting is carried out by adopting electromagnetic stirring.
Further, the continuous casting billet is heated in a furnace in a three-section mode, and the heating time is 60-90 min.
Furthermore, the continuous casting billet is heated in a furnace in a three-section mode, the temperature of a soaking section is 1150 +/-40 ℃, and the initial rolling temperature is 1055 +/-25 ℃.
Further, after heating, the steel plate is rolled by a rough rolling mill, a medium rolling mill and a finish rolling mill, wherein the rolling speed is 4-7 m/s.
Further, the water penetrating device is of a venturi structure.
Furthermore, the water pressure of the water penetrating device is 1.30-1.55 MPa.
Further, the water penetrating devices are arranged in a mode that the water penetrating devices with the lengths of 2.2m, 3.3m and 5.5m are freely combined.
Further, the inlet temperature of the cooling bed is 930 +/-30 ℃.
The technical scheme has the following beneficial effects: the water penetrating device after rolling is used for carrying out controlled cooling after rolling in a high-temperature section (about 700-1000 ℃) so that the round steel enters a ferrite-pearlite phase change temperature region for the first time when water is penetrated, the round steel enters the ferrite-pearlite phase change temperature region for the second time on a cooling bed along with the release of waste heat of the center of the round steel after water is penetrated, so that the ferrite-pearlite phase change time is prolonged, the ferrite-pearlite phase change is relatively thorough, the formation of ferrite is accelerated by a fine-grain structure obtained by controlled cooling, the transformation of residual austenite to bainite and martensite is inhibited, the round steel structure is mainly F + P, the hot rolling state hardness of the round steel can be controlled below HB230, other properties are not influenced, the stretching, impact and low ploidy properties of the round steel meet the requirements of GBT3077-2015 standard, and the production of the hot rolling state low-hardness 20CrMnTi round steel according to the requirements of the GBT3077-2015 standard is suitable for producing the hot rolling state low-hardness 20 CrTi round steel.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention principle is as follows: conventionally, the control method of the hot rolling hardness of the alloy steel mainly comprises the methods of temperature control and slow cooling (using a heat preservation cover and the like) of a cooling bed or the methods of high-temperature collection, stacking and slow cooling and the like of a quick cooling bed. The water cooling process is mainly applied to the production of steel bars of plain carbon steel at present, but is also used for improving the hardness and the strength. If the through-water cooling is applied to the production of the alloy steel, the hot rolling hardness of the alloy steel is improved, so that the common general knowledge considers that: controlled cooling after rolling generally increases strength and increases hardness but not the opposite.
But the applicant finds out through experiments and researches in production that: under the conditions of proper water penetration strength, pressure and proper temperature of an upper cooling bed in a high-temperature section (about 700-1000 ℃) of a rolled piece after rolling, the water penetration cooling process can be applied to control the hot rolling state hardness of the alloy steel. Under the conditions of proper water penetration strength, pressure and proper upper cooling bed temperature, the water penetration cooling after rolling can refine grains, the fine grains can promote ferrite phase change, and the formation of bainite is inhibited, so that the hot rolling hardness of the alloy steel is reduced.
Under the guidance of the above principle, the applicant overcomes the traditional technical prejudice and provides a production method of hot-rolled low-hardness 20CrMnTi round steel, which comprises the following steps: designing and controlling the components of the round steel blank to be carbon: 0.18% -0.22%, silicon: 0.20-0.30%, manganese: 0.85% -1.05%, chromium: 1.05-1.25%, titanium: 0.050% -0.070%, aluminum: 0.020-0.040 percent of the total carbon content, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of oxygen, and accurately controlling the content of harmful elements and ensuring the content of elements beneficial to the performance of the round steel by determining the chemical components of the round steel;
the round steel blank is smelted into molten steel by a steel smelting furnace, the molten steel is continuously cast into a continuous casting billet after LF refining and RH vacuum treatment, and the round steel blank is cast into the continuous casting billet through the series of steps to prepare for post treatment;
the continuous casting billet is heated in a furnace in a three-section mode, and is rolled into rolled round steel by a rough rolling mill, a middle rolling mill and a finish rolling mill set after heating; a preheating section: the hidden danger of stress is eliminated, the plastic zone is better, cracks are avoided, the temperature of waste gas can be reduced, and fuel is saved; a heating section: the rapid heating can be enhanced, a larger temperature difference is allowed, and the production efficiency of the furnace is improved; a soaking section: the temperature is lower than that of the heating section, but the temperature of the center is increased, so that the temperature difference between the surface and the center is reduced, the heating is uniform, and the hidden danger is eliminated for rolling;
the rolled round steel is controlled and cooled through a water penetrating device, crystal grains can be refined through water penetrating cooling after rolling, phase change of ferrite can be promoted through the fine crystal grains, and bainite is inhibited from being formed, so that the hot rolling state hardness of the alloy steel is reduced;
after passing through water, the rolled round steel enters a cooling bed for natural cooling, the temperature of the round steel on the cooling bed is controlled to be 930 +/-30 ℃, and the design quality, the installation precision and the temperature control of the cooling bed directly determine the final quality of a product.
Furthermore, the continuous casting billet is a square billet with the size of 165 x 165mm and the same or slightly different section width and height, and is mainly used for rolling section steel and wire rods.
Furthermore, the continuous casting is carried out by adopting electromagnetic stirring, the electromagnetic stirring enables the liquid metal to flow by the electromagnetic force generated by electromagnetic induction, the convection and the heat exchange of the liquid metal are increased, and the temperature gradient at the solidification front is reduced; the growth of the columnar body is inhibited, and the columnar crystal growing in the early stage can be crushed and mixed with the molten steel to form a core for solidification of the equiaxed crystal in the later stage, so that the growth of the equiaxed crystal is promoted; the electromagnetic stirring can increase the equiaxed crystal area, improve the mechanical property of the casting blank and reduce the subcutaneous aggregation of non-metallic inclusions, thereby improving the surface and subcutaneous quality of the casting blank.
Furthermore, the continuous casting billet is heated in a furnace in a three-section mode, the heating time is 60-90 min, and the round steel can have better plasticity in a proper time period, so that cracks are avoided, and the performance of the round steel is improved.
Furthermore, the continuous casting billet is heated in a furnace in a three-section mode, the temperature of a soaking section is 1150 +/-40 ℃, and the initial rolling temperature is 1055 +/-25 ℃.
Further, after heating, the steel plate is rolled by a rough rolling unit, a middle rolling unit and a finish rolling continuous rolling unit at the rolling speed of 4-7 m/s, so that a good cooling effect is realized.
Further, the water penetrating device is of a venturi structure.
Furthermore, the water pressure of the water penetrating device is 1.30-1.55 MPa, so that cooling and grain refining of the rolled water penetrating device are facilitated.
Further, the water penetrating devices are arranged in a mode that the water penetrating devices with the lengths of 2.2m, 3.3m and 5.5m are freely combined.
Furthermore, the inlet temperature of the cooling bed is 930 +/-30 ℃, and the temperature of the upper cooling bed is controlled by water cooling to refine grains.
Sampling the produced finished product: 3-5 sample blanks are cut from different roots of each batch of round steel, the length of each sample blank is 600mm, and each sample blank is processed into a sample for tensile, impact, hardness, macroscopic and microscopic structure detection items.
Sample processing: processing and detecting samples of tensile, impact, hardness, macroscopic and microstructure examination items of the sample blanks according to GB/T228.1, GB/T229, GB/T231.1, GB/T226, GB/T13298 and GB/T13299 standards respectively, wherein the number of each batch of samples of each detection item is as follows: 2 stretching, 1 group of 2 impacts, 3 hardness, 2 low-power, 2 microstructures, and the sample of the same detection item is intercepted and processed on sample blanks of different round steel.
The tensile sample is quenched and tempered according to a heat treatment system recommended by GBT 3077-. And (4) carrying out round steel Brinell hardness detection by using a Brinell hardness tester.
The method is applied to phi 30mm and 20CrMnTi round steel produced by willow steel according to the GBT 3077-:
1) controlling smelting components of the blank: carbon: 0.22%, silicon: 0.25%, manganese: 0.99%, chromium: 1.18%, titanium: 0.060%, aluminum: 0.028 percent and less than or equal to 0.0018 percent of oxygen;
2) heating the billet in the furnace for 78min, and heating in three stages, wherein the temperature of a soaking stage is controlled according to 1150 +/-40 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1060 ℃, and the rolling speed of a finished product rack is controlled at 7 m/s;
3) and (4) performing controlled cooling on the rolled round steel through a water penetrating device. The water pressure of the water penetrating device is 1.38MPa, and the temperature of round steel on a cooling bed is controlled at 930 ℃;
4) naturally cooling the round steel after the round steel is put on a cooling bed;
5) controlling steel making and rolling according to the process parameters, wherein the metallographic microstructure of the finished product round steel is F + P, the section Brinell hardness is HB 207-218 (average HB213), and other properties of the round steel such as stretching, impact and low magnification can meet the requirements of GBT 3077-.
The willow steel is applied to phi 42mm and 20CrMnTi round steel produced according to the GBT 3077-:
1) controlling smelting components of the blank: carbon: 0.20%, silicon: 0.26%, manganese: 0.96%, chromium: 1.15%, titanium: 0.062%, aluminum: 0.032 percent and less than or equal to 0.0016 percent of oxygen;
2) heating the steel billet in the furnace for 82min, and heating in three stages, wherein the temperature of a soaking stage is controlled according to 1150 +/-40 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1050 ℃, and the rolling speed of a finished product rack is controlled at 5 m/s;
3) and (4) performing controlled cooling on the rolled round steel through a water penetrating device. The water pressure of the water penetrating device is 1.38MPa, and the temperature of the round steel on the cooling bed is controlled at 950 ℃;
4) naturally cooling the round steel after the round steel is put on a cooling bed;
5) controlling steel making and rolling according to the process parameters, wherein the metallographic microstructure of the finished product of the round steel is F + P, the section Brinell hardness is HB 203-215 (average HB210), and other properties of the round steel such as stretching, impact and low magnification can meet the requirements of GBT 3077-.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. To those skilled in the art; various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. A low-hardness 20CrMnTi round steel is characterized in that,
the low-hardness 20CrMnTi round steel blank comprises the following components: carbon: 0.22%, silicon: 0.25%, manganese: 0.99%, chromium: 1.18%, titanium: 0.060%, aluminum: 0.028 percent and less than or equal to 0.0018 percent of oxygen;
smelting the round steel blank into molten steel by a steel smelting furnace, and carrying out LF refining and RH vacuum treatment on the molten steel to continuously cast into a continuous casting blank;
the continuous casting billet is heated in a furnace in a three-section mode, and is rolled into rolled round steel by a rough rolling mill, a middle rolling mill and a finish rolling mill set after heating;
the rolled round steel is controlled and cooled through a water penetrating device; the water pressure of the water penetrating device is 1.30-1.55 MPa;
after rolling, the round steel penetrates water and then enters a cooling bed for natural cooling;
the specification of the 20CrMnTi round steel is phi 30 mm; the cross-sectional Brinell hardness is HB 207-218.
2. The low-hardness 20CrMnTi round steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the continuous casting billet is a square billet and has the size of 165 x 165 mm.
3. The low-hardness 20CrMnTi round steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the inlet temperature of the cooling bed is 930 +/-30 ℃.
4. The low-hardness 20CrMnTi round steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
and after heating, rolling by a rough rolling unit, a middle rolling unit and a finish rolling unit at a rolling speed of 4-7 m/s.
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| CN113680984B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2022-12-16 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Casting blank bending control method for bainite phase change steel generated in small square billet air cooling process |
| CN112570451B (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2022-08-02 | 宝武杰富意特殊钢有限公司 | 20CrMnTi steel and production method thereof |
| CN112808773B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-09-02 | 大冶特殊钢有限公司 | Rolling method for controlling structure of low-carbon Mn-Cr type gear steel |
| CN112792125A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-05-14 | 江苏永钢集团有限公司 | Controlled rolling process for solving lateral bending of 20CrMnTiH |
| CN113843285A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-28 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Rolling method for reducing hot rolling hardness and bending degree of 20CrMnTi |
| CN114231698B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-08-26 | 北京科技大学 | RH refining process for inhibiting 20CrMnTi steel from generating large-size TiN-containing composite inclusions |
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| CN110129653A (en) | 2019-08-16 |
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