CN112551734A - Pretreatment process of double-membrane method - Google Patents
Pretreatment process of double-membrane method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112551734A CN112551734A CN202011257257.7A CN202011257257A CN112551734A CN 112551734 A CN112551734 A CN 112551734A CN 202011257257 A CN202011257257 A CN 202011257257A CN 112551734 A CN112551734 A CN 112551734A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/02—Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/02—Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
- C02F5/06—Softening water by precipitation of the hardness using calcium compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pretreatment process of a double-membrane method, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding lime or lime milk into raw water, reacting for 30-90 min, and stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; (2) adding sodium carbonate into the first mixed solution to react for 30-90 min, and stirring to obtain a second mixed solution; (3) and conveying the second mixed solution to a microcrystalline filter press to obtain clear water with the pollution index less than 5. The water produced after the pretreatment of the process is stable in quality and SDI15Less than 5, the safe and stable operation of the double-membrane method can be ensured, and the operation cost of the double-membrane method is further reduced; the floor area of pretreatment equipment can be reduced, and the civil engineering investment cost is reduced; is beneficial to the upgrading and reconstruction of the traditional pretreatment process of the double-membrane method. The invention has simple operation process and low investment cost of equipment and structures, and meets the water inlet requirement of the subsequent ultrafiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment, and particularly relates to a pretreatment process of a double-membrane method.
Background
The double-membrane method refers to a method for treating by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane system and a reverse osmosis membrane system in water treatment engineering; the water source for water treatment by adopting a double-membrane method is reclaimed water, surface water and industrial wastewater. The double alkali method is a method for reducing hardness by using lime and soda ash in water treatment engineering. SDI refers to pollution index, is an important index for reverse osmosis pretreatment determination, and can reflect the pollution degree of water inlet colloid and particles. The general detection time of SDI is 15 minutes, which is abbreviated as SDI15. The lower the SDI value is, the lower the pollution degree of water by colloid and particulate matters is, and the SDI15The maximum value is 6.67, and the reverse osmosis membrane inlet water SDI15Less than 5 is required. The lower the SDI value is, the more stable the operation of the ultrafiltration system and the reverse osmosis system is, and the longer the service life of the membrane is. The colloid substance content in the reclaimed water is high, SDI15Generally, the SDI is reduced by more than 5, and the traditional treatment method is to add a flocculating agent and a coagulant aid, but the adding amount of the flocculating agent and the coagulant aid is insufficient, so that the SDI reduction effect cannot be achieved; when the flocculating agent and the coagulant aid are excessively added, a secondary pollution source is formed, and an ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis system is further polluted and blocked.
The pretreatment process of the existing double-membrane method mainly comprises two types, namely (the process flow is shown in figure 2): raw water → double-alkali reaction tank → PAC, PAM → inclined plate sedimentation tank yielding water → filter tank → clean water tank; the matching process comprises the following steps: the bottom of the inclined plate sedimentation tank is provided with a sludge pump → a thickener → a slurry pump → the outlet water of the filter press → a raw water tank. The process is mainly characterized in that: adding flocculating agent/coagulant aid to increase the granularity of crystals or particles generated by a double-alkali reaction tank, discharging the impurities from the bottom of an inclined plate sedimentation tank in a shallow layer sedimentation mode, further concentrating the discharged bottom mud by a thickener, and finally filtering the bottom mud by a filter press to obtain solid bottom mudThe form of the discharge system. Secondly (the process flow is shown in figure 3): raw water → double-alkali reaction tank → PAC and PAM → mechanical stirring clarification tank yielding water → filter tank → clean water tank; the matching process comprises the following steps: the mechanical stirring clarification tank bottom sludge pump → the thickener → the slurry pump → the filter press water outlet → the raw water tank. The process is mainly characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of adding flocculating agent/coagulant aid to impurities such as crystals or particles generated by a double-alkali reaction tank to increase the granularity of the crystals or particles, discharging the impurities such as the crystals or the particles from the bottom of a mechanical stirring clarification tank in a natural settling mode, further concentrating discharged bottom mud through a thickener, and finally discharging the bottom mud out of a system in a solid form through a filter press. The above two processes mainly have the following defects: (1) large occupied area and large civil engineering investment. Because the traditional process generally applies the natural sedimentation or shallow sedimentation principle to the sedimentation of suspended matters and colloids, the required retention time is longer, the occupied area is larger, the water quantity with the same scale is generally treated, the occupied area of the structure in the traditional process is more than 1.6 times that of the structure in the new process, and the investment cost is correspondingly increased. (2) The matched process flow is overlong, the process is complicated and the equipment is complex. The traditional process needs a sedimentation tank, PAC and PAM reagents, a sludge pump, a thickener, a slurry pump and other auxiliary facilities. (3) The quality of produced water is unstable, and the requirement of the double-membrane method on the quality of the inlet water is difficult to meet. PAC and PAM addition amount is low, flocculation sedimentation effect is not good, filter burden is increased, backwashing is frequent, water production turbidity and suspended matter fluctuation are large, and backwashing water consumption is increased. PAC and PAM are added with high amount, flocculation sedimentation effect is good, produced water turbidity and suspended matters are low, although the produced water turbidity is less than 1NTU and the suspended matters are less than 2mg/L, SDI15Values > 5 or no practical sense of detection. (4) The traditional process is generally suitable for processing the scale of 5000m3And/d or more.
Disclosure of Invention
Water resources in northern China are short, reclaimed water serving as an industrial production water source gradually tends to be in a normal state, but the reclaimed water is treated by a double-membrane method to meet the requirement of production process water, and the key point of safe and stable operation of the double-membrane method is pretreatment. The traditional reclaimed water pretreatment process has the advantages of complexity, large floor area, large civil engineering investment, small application range and water productionThe stable operation of the subsequent membrane equipment cannot be satisfied. Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a pretreatment process of a double-membrane method, and the pretreatment process has stable quality of water product and SDI15Less than 5, the safe and stable operation of the double-membrane method can be ensured, and the operation cost of the double-membrane method is further reduced; the floor area of pretreatment equipment can be reduced, and the civil engineering investment cost is reduced; is beneficial to the upgrading and reconstruction of the traditional pretreatment process of the double-membrane method. The invention has simple operation process and low investment cost of equipment and structures, and meets the water inlet requirement of the subsequent ultrafiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a pretreatment process of a double-membrane method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding lime or lime milk into raw water at the temperature of 5-40 ℃ to react for 30-90 min, and stirring to obtain a first mixed solution with the pH of 9.0-12;
(2) adding sodium carbonate into the first mixed solution to react for 30-90 min, and stirring to obtain a second mixed solution;
(3) and conveying the second mixed solution to a microcrystalline filter press under the pressure of 0.25-0.55 MPa, if the solid content of the second mixed solution is less than 0.1%, adding microcrystals into the second mixed solution, and filtering by the microcrystalline filter press to obtain clear water with the pollution index of less than 5.
The pretreatment process by the two-membrane method is characterized in that the soda ash is added to the first mixed solution in the step (2) in an amount of (a-B + a)/2, wherein a is the hardness of the non-carbonate of the inlet water, B is the hardness of the non-carbonate required for water production, and a is the excess amount of soda ash.
The pretreatment process according to the double-membrane method is characterized in that the turbidity of the clear water in the step (3) is less than 1NTU, and the suspended substance is less than 1 mg/L.
The pretreatment process according to the double-membrane method is characterized in that in the step (3), the filter plate is pressed tightly by the microcrystalline filter press under the pressure of 10-150MPa, and the microcrystalline filter press uses filter cloth as a carrier to intercept microcrystals in the second mixed solution.
The pretreatment process by the double-membrane method is characterized in that the raw water in the step (1) is one or two of reclaimed water and surface water.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the water source of the invention is reclaimed water, and is also suitable for surface water sources. The invention adopts the process form of double-alkali reaction and microcrystal filter pressing, and is mainly characterized in that a microcrystal filter layer is formed on a filter press, and the filter layer has good purification effect on suspended matters and colloid substances; and the traditional treatment process comprises the following steps: the purification process of the double-alkali reaction and inclined plate sedimentation/mechanical stirring clarification tank is mainly realized by a natural sedimentation or shallow layer sedimentation principle, and the sedimentation requires longer residence time and larger solid occupation area, and the effluent cannot meet the water inlet requirement of a double-membrane method. Compared with the traditional process, the process of the invention has the advantages of shortened process chain, reduced floor area and investment cost, better effluent quality and more worth of popularization and application. The method comprises the following specific steps: (1) the invention has short process flow, simple equipment, small occupied area and less investment, and the total investment of the same treatment scale is 85 percent of that of the traditional process treatment. (2) The operation and maintenance are convenient, the quality of produced water is stable, and the safe and stable operation of a subsequent membrane treatment system can be effectively ensured. The pretreatment is the key of safe and stable operation of a double-membrane method, the quality of the pretreated produced water is poor, an ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis system is easy to be polluted and blocked, the cleaning is frequent, the labor load of personnel is increased, and the service life of the membrane is shortened; on the contrary, the water quality of the pretreated water is good, the ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis system can run safely and stably, the service life of the membrane is prolonged, and the labor load of personnel is reduced. (3) The quality of the produced water meets the water inlet requirement of a double-membrane method. The filtering layer formed by the microcrystal can capture colloid and suspended matters in water, so that the screened produced water SDI15Less than 5, meets the requirement of a double-membrane method water inlet pair SDI15The water quality requirement of (2). (4) The application range of the treatment scale is wide, the treatment scale can treat hundreds of tons to ten thousand tons per day, and the unit modular design can be realized. (5) The capacity of resisting the fluctuation and impact of water quality of a water source is strong, and the change of the water quality of the water source is effectively coped with by adjusting the addition amount of the double alkali and the supplement of the microcrystalline filtration source. (6) No flocculant or coagulant aid is added, so that secondary pollution is avoided. The process of the invention does not need to add flocculating agent and coagulant aid, does not need to worry about the risk of membrane fouling and blocking caused by adding flocculating agent and excessive coagulant aid in the subsequent membrane treatment, and avoids secondary pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a prior art pretreatment process for a two-membrane process;
fig. 3 shows another pretreatment process of a two-membrane method in the prior art.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the pretreatment process of the double-membrane method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) adding lime or lime milk into raw water with the temperature of 5-40 ℃, entering a lime reaction tank, reacting for 30-90 min, forming calcium carbonate microcrystal particles by the hardness of carbonate (such as calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate) in the raw water and the lime or lime milk, determining a pH parameter according to the hardness content of the carbonate in the raw water, controlling the adding amount of the lime or lime milk by the pH value, generally controlling the pH value to be 9.0-12, and stirring by a stirrer to obtain a first mixed solution with the pH value of 9.0-12. The raw water is one or two of reclaimed water and surface water. Compared with underground water, the reclaimed water has the characteristics of high organic matter content, high chloride ion content, high content of colloid substances, SDI15>5, and the like.
(2) Adding soda ash into the first mixed solution, allowing the mixture to enter a soda ash reaction tank, reacting for 30-90 min, allowing the soda ash to react with the hardness (such as calcium chloride and magnesium chloride) of non-carbonate in the first mixed solution to form crystal particles, and stirring by a stirrer to obtain a second mixed solution; the dosage of the sodium carbonate needs to be calculated according to the hardness of non-carbonate of water, and the dosage of the sodium carbonate added into the first mixed solution is calculated according to the following formula:
the amount of soda ash added to the first mixed solution was (a-B + a)/2
Wherein A is: hardness of non-carbonate of inlet water, mmol/L;
b is as follows: hardness of non-carbonate required for water production, mmol/L;
a is the excess of sodium carbonate, and is generally 0.8-1 mmol/L.
(3) The second mixed solution is conveyed to a microcrystalline filter press by a pump at the pressure of 0.25MPa-0.55MPa, and the microcrystalline filter press intercepts crystal particles in the second mixed solution and takes the crystal particles as oneA layer filtering layer for filtering subsequent water. The microcrystal in the second mixed liquid is intercepted by the microcrystal filter cloth of the microcrystal filter press as a carrier to form a filter layer, impurities such as organic matters, colloids and the like in water are intercepted on the filter layer in the forms of adsorption, inlaying, entrainment and the like by the microcrystal, and substances intercepted on the filter layer can be used as the filter layer to purify the water, so that the effects of solid-liquid separation and deep purification of the water are achieved. Along with the operation of the system, the thickness of the filter layer is continuously increased, the filtering precision is also higher and higher, the water penetrating through the microcrystalline filter press is lower and lower, the operation pressure is higher and higher, when the operation pressure reaches 0.55MPA, the thickness of the filter layer reaches about 3cm, the system is stopped to operate, the microcrystalline filter press is subjected to mud unloading and cleaning, and after the cleaning is finished, the next water making period can be started. If the solid content of the second mixed solution is less than 0.1%, adding microcrystals (such as powdered activated carbon, calcium carbonate and the like) into the second mixed solution to improve the purification effect of the microcrystalline filter press, and finally obtaining clear water with the pollution index (SDI) less than 5, the turbidity less than 1NTU and the suspended matter less than 1 mg/L. The reverse osmosis membrane handbook gives explicitly: reverse osmosis membrane inlet SDI15Less than 5; although the SDI value of the inlet water of the ultrafiltration membrane is not definitely smaller than 5 at the present stage, the lower the SDI value is, the more stable the operation of the ultrafiltration system is, and the longer the service life of the membrane is.
The microcrystal has the advantages of large specific surface area and strong water permeability, when multiple layers of microcrystals are attached to the carrier, a fine filter layer can be formed, when water to be purified passes through the filter layer, suspended matters and colloid substances in the water pass through the filter layer and are intercepted, embedded and adsorbed on the filter layer, and substances intercepted on the filter layer can be used as the filter layer to purify the water, so that the effects of solid-liquid separation and deep purification of the water are achieved. The formation of microcrystal can be formed by calcium carbonate crystal formed by double-alkali reaction, and can also be formed by adding particles with large specific surface area, such as powdered activated carbon, fly ash and the like.
Table 1 shows the process of the present invention and two conventional processes for a scale of 10000m3Table 1 shows that the process of the present invention is stable and the water produced meets the requirements of the subsequent membraneThe quality of treated water is required. The process reduces the production cost of the water for the enterprise terminal production process, and the details are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 comparison of pretreatment of the same reclaimed water source by the inventive process and two conventional processes
TABLE 2 production cost difference table for water used in enterprise terminal production process
| Serial number | Item | Unit of | Conventional process | The process of the invention |
| 1 | Cost of flocculant and coagulant aid | Yuan/m3 | 0.042 | 0.000 |
| 2 | Power consumption of filter press and chemical adding device | Yuan/m3 | 0.080 | 0.161 |
| 3 | Double-membrane method medicament cleaning fee | Yuan/m3 | 0.060 | 0.040 |
| 4 | Double membrane process membrane depreciation cost | Yuan/m3 | 0.646 | 0.502 |
| 5 | Total up to | 0.828 | 0.703 |
Claims (5)
1. A pretreatment process of a double-membrane method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding lime or lime milk into raw water at the temperature of 5-40 ℃ to react for 30-90 min, and stirring to obtain a first mixed solution with the pH of 9.0-12;
(2) adding sodium carbonate into the first mixed solution to react for 30-90 min, and stirring to obtain a second mixed solution;
(3) and conveying the second mixed solution to a microcrystalline filter press under the pressure of 0.25-0.55 MPa, if the solid content of the second mixed solution is less than 0.1%, adding microcrystals into the second mixed solution, and filtering by the microcrystalline filter press to obtain clear water with the pollution index of less than 5.
2. The pretreatment process by a two-membrane process according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), soda ash is added to the first mixed solution in an amount of (a-B + a)/2, where a is a hardness of non-carbonate of the feed water, B is a hardness of non-carbonate required for water production, and a is an excess amount of soda ash.
3. The pretreatment process by a two-membrane process according to claim 1, wherein turbidity of the clear water in the step (3) is less than 1NTU and suspended matter is less than 1 mg/L.
4. The pretreatment process by a two-membrane method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the filter plate is pressed by a filter press at a pressure of 10 to 150MPa, and the filter press traps microcrystals in the second mixed liquid with a filter cloth as a carrier.
5. The pretreatment process by the two-membrane method according to claim 1, wherein the raw water in the step (1) is one or both of reclaimed water and surface water.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105366769A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-03-02 | 成都安捷宜康环保科技有限公司 | Method of treating urban sewage by using double-membrane process |
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| CN105923822A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-09-07 | 江苏京源环保股份有限公司 | Mud and salt separation zero-discharge process of desulfurization wastewater |
| CN109455849A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-12 | 华能嘉祥发电有限公司 | Bi-membrane method recycled water advanced treatment based on control membrane fouling improves technique and device |
| CN110921903A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-03-27 | 赤峰科安水处理技术设备有限责任公司 | Novel method for hardness-reducing purification treatment of high-concentration salt wastewater |
-
2020
- 2020-11-11 CN CN202011257257.7A patent/CN112551734A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105366769A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-03-02 | 成都安捷宜康环保科技有限公司 | Method of treating urban sewage by using double-membrane process |
| CN105523666A (en) * | 2016-01-30 | 2016-04-27 | 内蒙古久科康瑞环保科技有限公司 | Strengthened pretreatment system for high-salt-content industrial wastewater and production process of strengthened pretreatment system |
| CN105923822A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-09-07 | 江苏京源环保股份有限公司 | Mud and salt separation zero-discharge process of desulfurization wastewater |
| CN109455849A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-12 | 华能嘉祥发电有限公司 | Bi-membrane method recycled water advanced treatment based on control membrane fouling improves technique and device |
| CN110921903A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-03-27 | 赤峰科安水处理技术设备有限责任公司 | Novel method for hardness-reducing purification treatment of high-concentration salt wastewater |
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