CN112550064A - DC/DC converter, heating method of power battery pack and electric vehicle - Google Patents

DC/DC converter, heating method of power battery pack and electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112550064A
CN112550064A CN202011260869.1A CN202011260869A CN112550064A CN 112550064 A CN112550064 A CN 112550064A CN 202011260869 A CN202011260869 A CN 202011260869A CN 112550064 A CN112550064 A CN 112550064A
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China
Prior art keywords
battery pack
power battery
converter
low
voltage
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Pending
Application number
CN202011260869.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵乐乐
封宁波
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Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202011260869.1A priority Critical patent/CN112550064A/en
Publication of CN112550064A publication Critical patent/CN112550064A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a DC/DC converter, a heating method of a power battery pack and an electric vehicle, and relates to the technical field of power electronics. The DC/DC converter comprises a DC/DC conversion circuit and a controller, wherein the first end of the DC/DC conversion circuit is connected with a power battery pack of the electric vehicle, and the second end of the DC/DC conversion circuit is connected with a low-voltage storage battery of the electric vehicle; the controller controls the DC/DC conversion circuit to switch between a first working state and a second working state when the temperature of the power battery pack is lower than a preset temperature. The DC/DC conversion circuit enables the power battery pack to charge the low-voltage storage battery in the first working state, and the DC/DC conversion circuit enables the low-voltage storage battery to charge the power battery pack in the second working state. By utilizing the DC/DC converter, the power battery pack is prevented from being heated by a heating device, the space and the cost are saved, the heating effect on the power battery pack is improved, and the discharge performance of the power battery pack is further improved.

Description

DC/DC converter, heating method of power battery pack and electric vehicle
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of power electronics technologies, and in particular, to a DC/DC converter, a method for heating a power battery pack, and an electric vehicle.
Background
With the shortage of energy and the aggravation of environmental pollution in modern society, electric vehicles have received wide attention from all over as new energy vehicles. Electric vehicles are powered by a power battery pack, which in turn causes the electric motor to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the electric motor.
The power battery pack of the electric vehicle has poor discharge performance at low temperature, so the power battery pack needs to have efficient low-temperature heating measures to ensure that the power battery pack can output power to the motor within a safe temperature range. The prior art heats the power battery pack by adding a heating device.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a heating device of a power battery pack provided in the prior art is shown.
The heating device comprises a Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) resistor Rp and a controllable switching tube S. The resistors Rp and S are connected in series and then connected in parallel with a bus capacitor Co of the electric vehicle. When a Battery Management System (BMS) of the electric vehicle determines that the temperature of the Battery is low, the controllable switch tube S is controlled to be closed, and the Rp is connected into the circuit and then releases heat to heat the power Battery pack.
This heating requires additional heating devices, takes up space and increases costs. In addition, the heating mode is heating outside the battery, energy loss is large, uniform heating cannot be achieved for the power battery pack, and the discharging performance of the power battery pack is still affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the application provides a DC/DC converter, a heating method of a power battery pack and an electric vehicle, which avoid the use of a heating device, further save space and cost, and improve the heating effect of the power battery pack.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a Direct Current (DC)/DC converter, comprising: a DC/DC conversion circuit and a controller. The first end of the DC/DC conversion circuit is connected with a power battery pack of the electric vehicle, and the second end of the DC/DC conversion circuit is connected with a low-voltage storage battery of the electric vehicle. The controller controls the DC/DC conversion circuit to switch between a first working state and a second working state when the temperature of the power battery pack is lower than a preset temperature. The DC/DC conversion circuit in the first working state enables the power battery pack to charge the low-voltage storage battery, and the DC/DC conversion circuit in the second working state enables the low-voltage storage battery to charge the power battery pack.
The controller of the DC/DC converter controls the DC/DC conversion circuit to be switched between the first working state and the second working state, so that the power battery pack is switched between the discharging state and the charging state, and the power battery pack continuously generates heat in the discharging and charging processes, so that the self temperature gradually rises, and the self heating of the power battery pack is realized. Because the DC/DC converter of the electric vehicle is multiplexed, a heating device is not required to be additionally arranged, and the space occupation and the cost are saved; and because the power battery pack is heated independently, the energy loss is small, the power battery pack is heated more uniformly, the heating effect is improved, and the discharging performance of the power battery pack can be fully improved.
In one possible implementation, the controller determines the current power battery pack temperature by receiving temperature information sent by the battery management system. The battery management system of the electric vehicle has the safety monitoring and heat management functions, the temperature of the power battery pack can be acquired in real time, the controller acquires the current temperature of the power battery pack through the battery management system, the additional increase of a temperature sensor for acquiring the current temperature of the power battery pack is avoided, and further the space and the cost are saved.
In one possible implementation manner, the DC/DC conversion circuit is a CLLC type resonant conversion circuit, that is, the DC/DC conversion circuit is a bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit, and when a first end thereof is an input end, a second end thereof is an output end; when the second end is the input end, the first end is the output end.
In one possible implementation, the controller determines the duty ratio of the control signal of the DC/DC conversion circuit according to at least one of a voltage of a single battery of the current power battery pack, a battery charge level of the current power battery pack, and a temperature of the current power battery pack.
The current in the DC/DC conversion circuit is adjusted by adjusting the duty ratio of the control signal. On one hand, the heating speed of the power battery pack can be adjusted, on the other hand, the current can be limited in a proper range, and the power battery pack and the low-voltage storage battery are prevented from being damaged.
In a possible implementation manner, the controller is further configured to obtain a current voltage of the low-voltage battery, and maintain the voltage of the low-voltage battery to be greater than a first preset voltage value in a process of controlling the DC/DC conversion circuit to switch between the first operating state and the second operating state, so that the low-voltage battery always maintains sufficient electric quantity to supply power to the low-voltage system.
In a possible implementation manner, the controller is configured to control the DC/DC conversion circuit to operate in the first operating state first when the temperature of the power battery pack is lower than a preset temperature, that is, to charge the low-voltage battery pack first, so as to ensure that the electric quantity of the low-voltage battery pack is sufficient to supply power to the low-voltage system.
In a possible implementation manner, the controller is further configured to control a working state of the vehicle-mounted charger, an input end of the vehicle-mounted charger is externally connected with a power supply, and an output end of the vehicle-mounted charger is connected with the power battery pack. The vehicle-mounted charger is used for charging the power battery pack by utilizing a power supply.
In a possible implementation manner, the controller is further used for controlling the working state of an inverter of the electric vehicle, the input end of the inverter is connected with the power battery pack, and the output end of the inverter is connected with a motor of the electric vehicle. The inverter is used for converting direct current provided by the power battery pack into alternating current and transmitting the alternating current to the motor.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides a heating method for a power battery pack, which is applied to the DC/DC converter provided in the foregoing implementation manner, and the method includes the following steps:
when the temperature of the power battery pack is lower than the preset temperature, controlling the DC/DC converter to switch between a first working state and a second working state until the temperature of the power battery pack is greater than or equal to the preset temperature; in the first working state, the DC/DC converter enables the power battery pack to charge the low-voltage storage battery, and in the second working state, the DC/DC converter enables the low-voltage storage battery to charge the power battery pack.
In one possible implementation, the method further includes:
and determining the duty ratio of the control signal of the DC/DC converter according to at least one of the voltage of a single battery of the current power battery pack, the battery charge level of the current power battery pack and the temperature of the current power battery pack.
In one possible implementation, the method further includes:
and acquiring the current voltage of the low-voltage storage battery, and maintaining the voltage of the low-voltage storage battery to be larger than a first preset voltage value in the process of controlling the DC/DC converter to switch between the first working state and the second working state.
In one possible implementation manner, when the DC/DC converter is controlled to switch between the first operating state and the second operating state, the DC/DC converter is controlled to operate in the first operating state first.
In a third aspect, the present application further provides a Power Distribution Unit (PDU) of an electric vehicle, that is, a high voltage Distribution box of the electric vehicle, where the Power Distribution Unit includes the DC/DC converter provided in the foregoing implementation manner, and further includes a vehicle-mounted charger. The input end of the vehicle-mounted charger is connected with the power supply, the output end of the vehicle-mounted charger is connected with the power battery pack, and the vehicle-mounted charger is used for charging the power battery pack by utilizing the power supply.
The DC/DC converter of the power distribution unit has the function of heating the power battery pack and can be matched with a battery management system to realize the thermal management of the power battery pack. The controller of the DC/DC converter controls the DC/DC conversion circuit to switch between the first working state and the second working state, so that the power battery pack generates heat to realize the autonomous heating of the power battery pack, a heating device is not required to be additionally arranged, and the space occupation and the cost are reduced; and because the power battery pack is heated independently, the energy loss is small, the power battery pack is heated more uniformly, and the heating effect is improved. In addition, the controller of the DC-DC converter and the controller of the vehicle-mounted charger are integrated together, so that the integration degree of the power distribution unit is improved.
In a possible implementation manner, the controller is further configured to control an operating state of the vehicle-mounted charger, that is, the controller is integrated with the controller of the vehicle-mounted charger.
In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides an electric drive system of an electric vehicle, including the DC/DC converter provided in the above implementation manner, and further including an inverter. The input end of the inverter is connected with the power battery pack, and the output end of the inverter is connected with a motor of the electric vehicle. The inverter is used for converting direct current provided by the power battery pack into alternating current and transmitting the alternating current to the motor.
The DC/DC converter of the electric drive system has the function of heating the power battery pack and can be matched with a battery management system to realize the thermal management of the power battery pack. The controller of the DC/DC converter controls the DC/DC conversion circuit to switch between the first working state and the second working state, and the power battery pack continuously generates heat in the discharging and charging processes to cause the self temperature to gradually rise, so that the power battery pack is automatically heated; and because the power battery pack is heated independently, the energy loss is small, the power battery pack is heated more uniformly, and the heating effect is improved. In addition, the controller of the DC-DC converter and the controller of the inverter are integrated, so that the integration degree of the electric drive system is improved.
In one possible implementation, the controller is also used to control the operating state of the inverter, i.e. the controller is integrated with the controller of the inverter.
In a fifth aspect, the present application further provides an electric vehicle, which includes the DC/DC converter provided in the above implementation manner, and further includes a power battery pack and a low-voltage battery. The power battery pack is connected with a first end of the DC/DC conversion circuit, and the low-voltage storage battery is connected with a second end of the DC/DC conversion circuit. The power battery pack is used for charging the low-voltage storage battery. The low-voltage battery is used to supply power to the low-voltage system of the electric vehicle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heating device for a power battery pack provided in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary electric drive system of an electric vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another DC/DC converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another DC/DC converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another DC/DC converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a heating method for a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a power distribution unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of an electric drive system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application, the following first describes an application scenario of the DC/DC converter provided by the present application.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of an electric drive system of an exemplary electric vehicle is provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
The power battery pack 10 of the electric vehicle is used for providing high-voltage direct current, wherein a part of the direct current is provided to the motor 60 after passing through the motor controller 50, and the other part of the direct current is provided to the low-voltage battery 40 and a low-voltage system of the electric vehicle through the DC/DC converter 20.
When the electric vehicle is charged, the vehicle-mounted charger 70 is externally connected with a power supply and is used for charging the power battery pack 10. In some embodiments, the onboard charger 70 may also charge the low-voltage battery 40 at the same time.
The battery management system 30 is a functional unit for monitoring and managing charging and discharging of the power battery pack 10, and is configured to ensure that the power battery pack 10 is in a safe and controllable state range.
Specifically, the battery management system 30 may have functions of state estimation, battery equalization, safety monitoring, thermal management, charge/discharge management, information recording, and the like.
The state estimation refers to a functional unit that estimates the current capacity, the state of charge (soc), the available power, and the available energy of the power battery pack 10.
The battery equalization means that the charge quantity of each battery module is equalized by controlling an equalization circuit.
The safety monitoring means monitoring whether the power battery pack 10 has overvoltage, overcurrent, undervoltage, overtemperature, low temperature, fault (short circuit, open circuit, etc.) or not.
The temperature of the power battery pack 10 is controlled by the thermal management controller to be within a preset temperature range, so that the charging and discharging efficiency of the power battery pack 10 is improved, and the service life of the power battery pack 10 is prolonged.
The charge and discharge management means to ensure that the charge level is maintained within a reasonable range, and prevent damage to the power battery pack 10 due to overcharge or overdischarge.
The information recording means recording the collected data and the fault condition.
When the electric vehicle starts to run in a low-temperature environment (such as winter), the power battery pack is also in a low-temperature state, and the discharge performance of the power battery pack is poor at this time, so that the power battery pack needs to be heated to ensure that the power battery pack can output power to the motor in a proper temperature range after the electric vehicle starts to run. Generally, the heating process of the power battery pack needs to be completed before the electric vehicle runs, and the power battery pack is continuously powered during the running process of the electric vehicle, and the self-generated heat can be used for maintaining the temperature, so that the heating process is not needed any more.
The DC/DC converter provided by the embodiment of the present application has a function of heating the power battery pack 10, that is, cooperates with the battery management system 30 to realize thermal management of the power battery pack 10. The DC/DC converter is a bidirectional DC/DC converter, and specifically employs a CLLC type power conversion circuit. When the power battery pack 10 is used for charging the low-voltage storage battery 40, the DC/DC converter works in a forward output state, when the low-voltage storage battery 40 is used for charging the power battery pack 10, the DC/DC converter works in a reverse output state, and the power battery pack 10 generates heat by controlling the DC/DC converter to be repeatedly switched between the forward output state and the reverse output state, so that the power battery pack 10 can be heated automatically. Because the DC/DC converter of the electric vehicle is multiplexed, no additional heating device is needed, the occupation and the cost of the space are reduced, and the heating effect is improved.
The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The terms "first", "second", and the like in the following description of the present application are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated.
In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the term "coupled" is to be construed broadly, e.g., "coupled" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate.
The embodiments of the present application provide a DC/DC converter, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 3, the figure is a schematic diagram of a DC/DC converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
The illustrated DC/DC converter 20 includes a DC/DC conversion circuit 201 and a controller 202.
A first end of the DC/DC conversion circuit 201 is connected to the power battery pack 10 of the electric vehicle, and a second end of the DC/DC conversion circuit 201 is connected to the low-voltage battery 40 of the electric vehicle.
The DC/DC conversion circuit 201 is used to convert the high-voltage DC power provided by the power battery pack 10 into low-voltage DC power, and then charge the low-voltage battery 40.
In some embodiments, the low-voltage battery 40 may be a 12V low-voltage battery, and the second end of the DC/DC conversion circuit 201 may be connected to a low-voltage system (not shown) of the electric vehicle.
The low voltage system of the electric vehicle may include a light system and an instrument system of the electric vehicle.
The DC/DC converter in the embodiment of the present application is a bidirectional DC/DC converter, the DC/DC conversion circuit 201 of the bidirectional DC/DC converter can realize bidirectional input and output, and the controller 202 is used to control the operating state of the DC/DC conversion circuit 201, which is described in detail below.
When the DC/DC converter circuit 201 charges the power battery pack 10 to the low-voltage battery 40, the DC/DC converter circuit 201 is in the first operating state.
When the DC/DC converter circuit 201 charges the low-voltage battery 40 to the power battery pack 10, the DC/DC converter circuit 201 is in the second operating state.
The controller 202 controls the DC/DC conversion circuit 201 to switch between the first operating state and the second operating state when the temperature of the power battery pack 10 is lower than a preset temperature. At this time, the power battery pack 10 is switched between the discharging state and the charging state, and then self generates heat, so that autonomous heating is realized, and the heating is finished when the temperature of the power battery pack 10 is greater than or equal to the preset temperature.
The preset temperature may be set according to an actual situation, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
The controller 202 in this embodiment may be an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), or a combination thereof. The PLD may be a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a General Array Logic (GAL), or any combination thereof, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The DC/DC conversion circuit 201 includes a controllable switch tube, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the type of the controllable switch tube, and the controllable switch tube may be, for example, an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), a Metal Oxide Semiconductor field Effect Transistor (Metal Oxide Semiconductor field Effect Transistor, MOSFET, hereinafter referred to as MOS Transistor), a Silicon Carbide field Effect Transistor (SiC MOSFET), and the like.
The controller 202 may send a control signal to the controllable switching tube to control the operating state of the controllable switching tube.
In summary, the controller of the DC/DC converter controls the DC/DC conversion circuit to switch between the first operating state and the second operating state, so that the power battery pack generates heat, thereby implementing the autonomous heating of the power battery pack. Because the DC/DC converter of the electric vehicle is multiplexed, a heating device is not required to be additionally arranged, and the space occupation and the cost are reduced; and because the power battery pack is heated independently, the energy loss is small, the power battery pack is heated more uniformly, and the heating effect is improved.
The operation of the DC/DC converter will be described with reference to a specific implementation of the DC/DC converter.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic diagram of another DC/DC converter provided in the embodiments of the present application is shown.
The DC/DC conversion circuit 201 of the DC/DC converter 201 is a CLLC resonant conversion circuit.
The DC/DC conversion circuit 201 includes a transformer T1, and the primary side of the transformer T1 includes: the circuit comprises a capacitor C1, a full bridge circuit formed by controllable switching tubes Q1-Q4, a first resonant capacitor Cr1 and a first resonant inductor Lr 1.
The secondary side of the transformer T1 includes: the circuit comprises a capacitor C2, a full bridge circuit formed by controllable switching tubes Q5-Q8, a second resonant capacitor Cr2 and a second resonant inductor Lr 2.
A first end of the DC/DC conversion circuit 201 is connected with the power battery pack 10, and a second end of the DC/DC conversion circuit 201 is connected with the low-voltage storage battery 40.
The DC/DC converter circuit 201 can realize bidirectional input/output, and will be described in detail below.
In the first operating state, the first terminal of the DC/DC conversion circuit 201 is an input terminal, and the second terminal is an output terminal, and at this time, the power battery pack 10 charges the low-voltage battery 40 through the DC/DC conversion circuit 201. The controller 202 controls the controllable switching tubes Q1-Q4 to be alternately conducted, so that direct current input by the power battery pack 10 is inverted into alternating current, the alternating current is transmitted to a primary side winding of the transformer T1 after passing through a resonant circuit formed by the first resonant capacitor Cr1 and the first resonant inductor Lr1, the alternating current enables a secondary side winding of the transformer T1 to generate alternating induced current, and the controller 202 controls the switching tubes Q5-Q8 to be alternately conducted, so that the induced current is converted into the direct current to charge the low-voltage storage battery 40.
In the second operating state, the first end of the DC/DC converter circuit 201 is an output end, and the second end is an input end, and at this time, the low-voltage battery 40 charges the power battery pack 10 through the DC/DC converter circuit 201. The controller 202 controls the controllable switching tubes Q5-Q8 to be conducted alternately to convert direct current input by the low-voltage storage battery 40 into alternating current in an inverted mode, the alternating current is transmitted to a secondary side winding of the transformer T1 after passing through a resonant circuit formed by the second resonant capacitor Cr2 and the second resonant inductor Lr2, the alternating current enables a primary side winding of the transformer T1 to generate alternating induced current, and the controller 202 controls the switching tubes Q1-Q4 to be conducted alternately to convert the induced current into direct current to charge the power battery pack 10.
The controller 202 controls the DC/DC conversion circuit to switch between the first operating state and the second operating state by controlling the operating states of the controllable switching tubes Q1-Q8. The controller 202 may send control signals, which are Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals, to the controllable switching tubes Q1-Q8, respectively.
In some embodiments, the controller 202 may adjust the current level in the DC/DC converter circuit 201 by adjusting the duty cycle of the control signal. On one hand, the heating speed of the power battery pack 10 can be adjusted, and on the other hand, the current can be limited within a proper range, so that the power battery pack 10 and the low-voltage storage battery 40 are prevented from being damaged.
Specifically, in one possible implementation, the controller 202 may determine the duty ratio of the control signal of the DC/DC conversion circuit 201 according to the voltage of a single battery of the current power battery pack and/or the temperature of the current power battery pack. The corresponding relationship between the duty ratio and the voltage of the single battery of the power battery pack and the temperature of the power battery pack may be predetermined and stored in a memory, and may be called when the controller 202 is used.
In another possible implementation, the controller 202 may determine the duty ratio of the control signal of the DC/DC conversion circuit according to the battery charge level of the current power battery pack and/or the temperature of the current power battery pack. The battery charge level is the ratio of the current available capacity to the current rated capacity of the power battery pack. The correspondence between duty cycle and battery charge level, as well as the temperature of the power battery pack, may be predetermined and stored in memory and recalled when used by the controller 202.
The voltage information and the battery charge level information of the single battery of the above power battery pack may be acquired by the battery management system and sent to the controller 202.
In one possible implementation, the battery management system may obtain the temperature of the power battery pack in real time and transmit the temperature information to the controller 202 of the DC/DC converter circuit to enable the controller 202 to determine the current temperature of the power battery pack.
In another possible implementation manner, the DC/DC converter can also acquire the temperature of the power battery pack in real time by adopting a circuit.
The low-voltage storage battery 40 of the electric vehicle is used for supplying power to low-voltage systems such as an instrument system and a lighting system, and the voltage and the electric quantity of the low-voltage storage battery 40 are far lower than those of the power battery pack 10, so that the voltage of the low-voltage storage battery 40 is rapidly reduced when the low-voltage storage battery 40 charges the power battery pack 10, the low-voltage system of the electric vehicle can stably work, the low-voltage storage battery 40 is prevented from being damaged due to over-discharge, the controller 202 can acquire the voltage of the current low-voltage storage battery 40 in real time, and in the process of controlling the DC/DC conversion circuit 201 to switch between the first working state and the second working state, the voltage of the low-voltage storage battery 40 is maintained to be larger than a first preset voltage value, and the.
In addition, when the temperature of the power battery pack 10 is lower than the preset temperature, the controller 202 starts to heat, and first controls the DC/DC conversion circuit 201 to operate in the first operating state, that is, first makes the power battery pack 10 charge the low-voltage battery 40, so as to ensure that the electric quantity of the low-voltage battery 40 is sufficient to supply power to the low-voltage system.
Referring to fig. 5, the figure is a schematic diagram of another DC/DC converter provided in the embodiment of the present application.
In one possible implementation, the DC/DC converter is integrated with an On-Board Charger (OBC) 70 of the electric vehicle, and the DC/DC converter and the On-Board Charger (OBC) 70 share a controller, that is, the controller 202 is further configured to control an operating state of the On-Board Charger 70.
The input end of the vehicle-mounted charger 70 is externally connected with a power supply, the output end of the vehicle-mounted charger 70 is connected with the power battery pack 10, and the vehicle-mounted charger 70 is used for charging the power battery pack by using an external power supply.
The onboard charger 70 and the DC/DC controller may be integrated into a Power Distribution Unit (PDU) of the electric vehicle, i.e., a high voltage Distribution box of the electric vehicle.
Referring to fig. 6, a schematic diagram of another DC/DC converter provided in the embodiments of the present application is shown.
In another possible implementation, the DC/DC converter is integrated with a Motor controller 50 of the electric vehicle, and the Motor controller 50 may also be referred to as a Motor Control Unit (MCU).
The motor controller 50 includes an inverter, an input end of the inverter is connected to the power battery pack 10, an output end of the inverter is connected to the motor 60 of the electric vehicle, and the inverter is configured to convert the dc power provided by the power battery pack 10 into ac power and transmit the ac power to the motor 60.
At this time, the controller 202 is also used to control the operating state of the inverter.
The motor controller 50 and the DC/DC controller may be integrated into the electric drive system of the electric vehicle at the same time.
To sum up, the controller of the DC/DC converter provided in the embodiment of the present application controls the DC/DC conversion circuit to switch between the first operating state and the second operating state, so that the power battery pack is correspondingly switched between the discharging state and the charging state, and further generates heat, so as to realize the autonomous heating of the power battery pack, and maintain the low-voltage battery to be able to normally supply power to the low-voltage system in this process. The scheme reuses DC/DC converters existing on electric vehicles, does not need to additionally increase a heating device, and reduces the occupation and cost of space; and because the power battery pack is heated independently, the energy loss is small, the power battery pack is heated more uniformly, the heating effect is improved, and the discharging performance of the power battery pack can be fully improved.
Based on the DC/DC converter provided in the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present application further provide a heating method for a power battery pack, which is specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 7, a heating method of a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.
The method comprises the following steps:
s701: and acquiring the current temperature of the power battery pack.
In one possible implementation, the temperature of the power battery pack may be obtained from a battery management system.
S702: when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, controlling the DC/DC converter to switch between a first working state and a second working state; in the first working state, the DC/DC converter enables the power battery pack to charge the low-voltage storage battery, and in the second working state, the DC/DC converter enables the low-voltage storage battery to charge the power battery pack.
When the DC/DC converter is controlled, the current in the DC/DC converter can be adjusted by adjusting the duty ratio of a control signal of the DC/DC converter, so that the heating speed of the power battery pack is controlled and adjusted, and the current is limited in a proper range, so that the power battery pack and a low-voltage storage battery are prevented from being damaged.
Specifically, in one possible implementation, the duty ratio of the control signal of the DC/DC converter is determined according to at least one criterion of the voltage of a single battery of the current power battery pack, the battery charge level of the current power battery pack, and the temperature of the current power battery pack.
Wherein, the corresponding relation between the duty ratio and the above criteria can be predetermined.
The low-voltage storage battery of the electric vehicle is used for supplying power to low-voltage systems such as an instrument system and a lighting system, and the voltage and the electric quantity of the low-voltage storage battery are far lower than those of the power battery pack, so that the voltage of the low-voltage storage battery is reduced rapidly when the low-voltage storage battery charges the power battery pack. In order to enable a low-voltage system of the electric vehicle to stably work and avoid the low-voltage storage battery from being damaged due to over-discharge, the voltage of the current low-voltage storage battery can be acquired in real time, and in the process of controlling the DC/DC converter to be switched between the first working state and the second working state, the voltage of the low-voltage storage battery is maintained to be larger than a first preset voltage value, so that the low-voltage storage battery always keeps enough electric quantity to supply power for the low-voltage system. The first preset voltage value is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the application, and can be determined by a person skilled in the art according to the actual application situation.
In addition, when the temperature of the power battery pack is lower than the preset temperature, heating is started, the DC/DC converter is controlled to work in a first working state, namely, the power battery pack is charged for the low-voltage storage battery, so that the electric quantity of the low-voltage storage battery is enough to supply power for a low-voltage system. And then controlling the power battery pack to be switched into a discharging state, and continuously switching between the two states, so that the power battery pack generates heat, the autonomous heating is realized, and the heating is represented to be completed at the moment until the temperature of the power battery pack is greater than or equal to the preset temperature.
In summary, in the heating method, the DC/DC conversion circuit is controlled to switch between the first working state and the second working state, so that the power battery pack generates heat, and the power battery pack is heated autonomously. Because the DC/DC converter of the electric vehicle is multiplexed, a heating device is not required to be additionally arranged, and the space occupation and the cost are reduced; and because the power battery pack is heated independently, the energy loss is small, the power battery pack is heated more uniformly, and the heating effect is improved.
Based on the DC/DC converter provided in the above embodiments, the present application also provides a Power Distribution Unit (PDU), i.e., a high voltage distribution box of an electric vehicle, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 8, the figure is a schematic diagram of a power distribution unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
The power distribution unit 100 includes an onboard charger 70 and a DC/DC converter. The DC/DC converter includes a DC/DC conversion circuit 201 and a controller 202.
For specific implementation and operation principle of the DC/DC converter, reference may be made to the relevant description in the above embodiments, and details of the embodiments of the present application are not repeated herein.
The input end of the vehicle-mounted charger 70 is connected with a power supply, and the output end of the vehicle-mounted charger 70 is connected with the power battery pack 10. The vehicle-mounted charger 70 charges the power battery pack 10 by using a power supply. In some embodiments, the onboard charger 70 may also power the low voltage systems and/or low voltage batteries of the electric vehicle.
The controller of the on-board charger 70 and the controller of the DC/DC converter may be integrated together to form the controller of the power distribution unit.
In summary, the DC/DC converter of the power distribution unit has a function of heating the power battery pack, and can cooperate with the battery management system to implement thermal management of the power battery pack. The controller of the DC/DC converter controls the DC/DC conversion circuit to switch between the first working state and the second working state, so that the power battery pack generates heat to realize the autonomous heating of the power battery pack, a heating device is not required to be additionally arranged, and the space occupation and the cost are reduced; and because the power battery pack is heated independently, the energy loss is small, the power battery pack is heated more uniformly, and the heating effect is improved. In addition, the controller of the DC-DC converter and the controller of the vehicle-mounted charger are integrated together, so that the integration degree of the power distribution unit is improved.
Based on the DC/DC converter provided in the above embodiments, embodiments of the present application further provide an electric drive system, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 9, a schematic diagram of an electric drive system according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.
The electric drive system 200 includes an inverter 80 and a DC/DC converter. The DC/DC converter includes a DC/DC conversion circuit 201 and a controller 202.
For specific implementation and operation principle of the DC/DC converter, reference may be made to the relevant description in the above embodiments, and details of the embodiments of the present application are not repeated herein.
The input end of the inverter 80 is connected to the power battery pack 10, and the output end of the inverter 80 is connected to the motor 60 of the electric vehicle. The inverter 80 is used to convert the dc power supplied from the power battery pack 10 into ac power and transmit the ac power to the motor 60.
The controller of the inverter 80 and the controller of the DC/DC converter may be integrated, i.e. the controller 202 of the electric drive system may control the operation state of the inverter 80 and the DC/DC converter simultaneously.
In some embodiments, the inverter 80 and the controller 202 form an MCU of the electric vehicle, in which case the motor control unit and the DC/DC converter are integrated, and the controller of the motor control unit controls the operating state of the DC/DC converter at the same time.
In summary, the DC/DC converter of the electric drive system has a function of heating the power battery pack, and can cooperate with the battery management system to realize thermal management of the power battery pack. The controller of the DC/DC converter controls the DC/DC conversion circuit to switch between the first working state and the second working state, so that the power battery pack generates heat to realize the autonomous heating of the power battery pack, a heating device is not required to be additionally arranged, and the space occupation and the cost are reduced; and because the power battery pack is heated independently, the energy loss is small, the power battery pack is heated more uniformly, and the heating effect is improved. In addition, the controller of the DC-DC converter and the controller of the inverter are integrated, so that the integration degree of the electric drive system is improved.
Based on the DC/DC converter provided in the above embodiments, embodiments of the present application further provide an electric vehicle, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 10, the figure is a schematic view of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
The electric vehicle 300 includes a power battery pack 10, a DC/DC converter 20, and a low-voltage battery 40.
The DC/DC converter 20 includes a DC/DC conversion circuit and a controller. The power battery pack 10 is connected to a first end of the DC/DC conversion circuit, and the low-voltage battery 40 is connected to a second end of the DC/DC conversion circuit.
The DC/DC converter 20 is a bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the specific implementation manner and the operation principle thereof can be referred to the description of the above embodiments, which are not described herein again.
The power battery pack 10 is used to charge the low-voltage battery 40 and also to supply the electric motor of the electric vehicle with required electric power.
The low-voltage battery 40 is used to supply power to a low-voltage system of an electric vehicle, such as a light system, an instrument system, and the like of the electric vehicle.
In summary, the DC/DC converter of the electric vehicle has a function of heating the power battery pack, and can cooperate with the battery management system to realize thermal management of the power battery pack. The controller of the DC/DC converter controls the DC/DC conversion circuit to switch between the first working state and the second working state, so that the power battery pack generates heat to realize the autonomous heating of the power battery pack, a heating device is not required to be additionally arranged, and the space occupation and the cost are reduced; and because the power battery pack is heated independently, the energy loss is small, the power battery pack is heated more uniformly, and the heating effect is improved.
It should be understood that in the present application, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" for describing an association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships, e.g., "a and/or B" may indicate: only A, only B and both A and B are present, wherein A and B may be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items. For example, at least one (one) of a, b, or c, may represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", wherein a, b, c may be single or plural.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In addition, some or all of the units and modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present application and it is noted that numerous modifications and adaptations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present application and are intended to be within the scope of the present application.

Claims (17)

1. A DC/DC converter, characterized in that the DC/DC converter comprises: a DC/DC conversion circuit and a controller;
the first end of the DC/DC conversion circuit is connected with a power battery pack of the electric vehicle, and the second end of the DC/DC conversion circuit is connected with a low-voltage storage battery of the electric vehicle;
the controller is used for controlling the DC/DC conversion circuit to switch between a first working state and a second working state when the temperature of the power battery pack is lower than a preset temperature; under the first working state, the DC/DC conversion circuit enables the power battery pack to charge the low-voltage storage battery, and under the second working state, the DC/DC conversion circuit enables the low-voltage storage battery to charge the power battery pack.
2. The inverter of claim 1, wherein the controller determines the current temperature of the power battery pack by receiving temperature information sent by a battery management system.
3. Converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the DC/DC conversion circuit is a CLLC type resonant conversion circuit.
4. The converter according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the controller determines the duty cycle of the control signal of the DC/DC conversion circuit based on at least one of a current voltage of a single battery of the power battery pack, a current battery charge level of the power battery pack, and a current temperature of the power battery pack.
5. The converter according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the controller is further configured to obtain a current voltage of the low-voltage battery and maintain the voltage of the low-voltage battery greater than a first preset voltage value during the process of controlling the DC/DC conversion circuit to switch between the first operating state and the second operating state.
6. The converter according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the controller is configured to control the DC/DC conversion circuit to operate in the first operating state first when the temperature of the power battery pack is lower than a preset temperature.
7. The converter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the controller is further configured to control an operating state of a vehicle-mounted charger, an input end of the vehicle-mounted charger is connected to a power supply, and an output end of the vehicle-mounted charger is connected to the power battery pack;
the vehicle-mounted charger is used for charging the power battery pack by utilizing the power supply.
8. The converter according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the controller is further configured to control an operating state of an inverter of the electric vehicle, an input of the inverter being connected to the power battery pack, and an output of the inverter being connected to a motor of the electric vehicle;
the inverter is used for converting the direct current provided by the power battery pack into alternating current and transmitting the alternating current to the motor.
9. The heating method of the power battery pack is characterized by being used for controlling a DC/DC converter, wherein a first end of the DC/DC converter is used for being connected with the power battery pack of an electric vehicle, and a second end of the DC/DC converter is used for being connected with a low-voltage storage battery of the electric vehicle; the method comprises the following steps:
when the temperature of the power battery pack is lower than a preset temperature, controlling the DC/DC converter to switch between a first working state and a second working state until the temperature of the power battery pack is greater than or equal to the preset temperature; in the first working state, the DC/DC converter enables the power battery pack to charge the low-voltage storage battery, and in the second working state, the DC/DC converter enables the low-voltage storage battery to charge the power battery pack.
10. The method of heating a power battery pack of claim 9, further comprising:
and determining the duty ratio of a control signal of the DC/DC converter according to at least one of the current voltage of a single battery of the power battery pack, the current battery charge level of the power battery pack and the current temperature of the power battery pack.
11. The method of heating a power battery pack according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising:
and acquiring the current voltage of the low-voltage storage battery, and maintaining the voltage of the low-voltage storage battery to be larger than a first preset voltage value in the process of controlling the DC/DC converter to switch between a first working state and a second working state.
12. The method for heating a power battery pack according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the controlling the DC/DC converter to switch between a first operating state and a second operating state specifically comprises:
and controlling the DC/DC converter to work in the first working state firstly.
13. A power distribution unit, characterized in that it comprises a DC/DC converter according to any of claims 1 to 6, and also an onboard charger;
the input end of the vehicle-mounted charger is connected with a power supply, and the output end of the vehicle-mounted charger is connected with the power battery pack;
the vehicle-mounted charger is used for charging the power battery pack by utilizing the power supply.
14. The power distribution unit of claim 13, wherein the controller is further configured to control an operating state of the vehicle charger.
15. An electric drive system, characterized in that the electric drive system comprises a DC/DC converter according to any of claims 1-6, further comprising an inverter;
the input end of the inverter is connected with the power battery pack, and the output end of the inverter is connected with a motor of the electric vehicle;
the inverter is used for converting the direct current provided by the power battery pack into alternating current and transmitting the alternating current to the motor.
16. The electric drive system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to control an operating state of the inverter.
17. An electric vehicle characterized by comprising the DC/DC converter of any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a power battery pack and a low-voltage storage battery; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the power battery pack is connected with a first end of the DC/DC conversion circuit, and the low-voltage storage battery is connected with a second end of the DC/DC conversion circuit;
the power battery pack is used for charging the low-voltage storage battery;
the low-voltage storage battery is used for supplying power to a low-voltage system of the electric vehicle.
CN202011260869.1A 2020-11-12 2020-11-12 DC/DC converter, heating method of power battery pack and electric vehicle Pending CN112550064A (en)

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