CN112548246A - Electrolytic machining device and process for inner hole of elbow - Google Patents
Electrolytic machining device and process for inner hole of elbow Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 50
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/14—Making holes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
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- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of elbow inner hole processing, and discloses an elbow inner hole electrolytic processing device and a process, wherein after the positive and negative poles of a direct current power supply are connected with a solid elbow blank, electrolyte enters a gap between the solid elbow blank and an electrode to conduct the solid elbow blank and the electrode and generate electrochemical corrosion reaction, the solid elbow blank connected with the positive pole of the direct current power supply is continuously dissolved as an anode, meanwhile, a machine tool platform is continuously fed along a processing path, an electrolysis product is continuously washed away by the circularly flowing electrolyte, so that the processing of an elbow inner hole is realized, the bending shape of the inner hole is controlled by the processing path of the machine tool platform, the depth of the spherical electrode tip for carrying out bending hole processing is increased on one side of the spherical electrode tip deviated from the sphere center of the electrode, the inner hole can penetrate after the processing of two ends of an elbow, the yield is high, the arc-shaped electrolyte conveying channel in the spherical electrode tip enables the spraying position of the electrolyte to be opposite to the area to be processed, and the processing efficiency is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of elbow inner hole machining, in particular to an elbow inner hole electrolytic machining device and process.
Background
Along with the development of natural science, the advanced technologies of aviation, national defense and the like have increasingly greater requirements on bent pipelines and have increasingly higher requirements on the precision of the inner surfaces of the pipelines. The elbow acts as a connection piece for the pipe bend, the internal surface precision of which is of utmost importance. At present, high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure movable elbows are mainly machined by traditional technological means such as forging, casting, straight pipe drilling, heating, bending and the like, the heat treatment of materials is difficult to control, the machining internal stress is large, risks such as cracking, perforation and the like are easily caused in the using process of the product, and the using performance of the product and the safety of an operator are influenced, so that the problems of low yield, difficult operation and the like exist when the traditional metal cutting method is adopted for machining the inner holes of the elbows.
The electrolytic machining is a special machining and manufacturing technology which utilizes an electrochemical principle to remove materials in an ionic form, a tool electrode is connected with a cathode of a power supply, a workpiece is connected with an anode of the power supply, the anode and the cathode are controlled in a certain gap, the anode is continuously dissolved in electrolyte, the tool cathode continuously feeds to the anode of the workpiece, an electrolytic product is continuously washed away by flowing electrolyte, and finally a part is copied and machined and formed.
The invention patent with application publication number CN111408804A discloses a gap-adjusting type bent hole electrolytic machining device and method, in the bent hole electrolytic machining process, the corrugated pipe 3 can push the cathode head 9 to feed forward, and at the same time can generate bending deformation along the direction of the cathode head 9, the invention can tilt the electrode head by adjusting the protruding length of the gap adjusting head, thereby feeding along the bending track, but the device has the following defects: 1. when the cathode inclines, the upper side of the periphery of the cathode head 9 is provided with an annular insulating ring 11 for preventing the cathode head 9 from contacting with a workpiece to generate short circuit when the cathode inclines, but the lower side of the periphery of the cathode head 9 is not provided with the annular insulating ring, and the lower side of the periphery of the cathode head 9 still can contact with the workpiece to generate short circuit, so the device has low reliability; 2. the structure is complicated, lets in liquid in the pressure pipe and has the risk of revealing, and fluid pressure can fluctuate because of temperature variation in the course of working, causes the bending curvature control inaccurate, and the machining precision is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electrolytic machining device and process for an inner hole of an elbow, and the electrolytic machining device and process have the beneficial effects of high automation degree, high machining efficiency, high dimensional precision, high yield and safety.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an electrolytic machining device for inner holes of elbows comprises: direct current power supply, electrode and electrolyte, direct current power supply's positive pole is connected with solid elbow blank electricity, direct current power supply's negative pole is connected with the electrode electricity, electrolyte is at the clearance mesocycle flow of solid elbow blank and electrode, still including being used for controlling the processing route and guaranteeing the lathe platform in clearance between solid elbow blank and the electrode, the one end of electrode is equipped with spherical electrode tip, the diameter of electrode is less than the diameter of spherical electrode tip, the electrode is equipped with the electrolyte transfer passage who runs through with the inside of spherical electrode tip, the centre of sphere of spherical electrode tip is partial to one side of electrode, the electrolyte transfer passage in the spherical electrode tip is the arc, the arc is the same with the crooked direction of solid elbow blank and arc tip is located the inboard at elbow center.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the positive and negative electrodes of the direct current power supply are electrified with the solid elbow blank and the electrodes, the electrolyte enters the gap between the solid elbow blank and the electrodes through the electrolyte conveying channel, the solid elbow blank and the electrodes are conducted under the connection of the electrolyte to generate electrochemical corrosion reaction, the solid elbow blank connected with the positive electrode of the direct current power supply is continuously dissolved as the positive electrode, meanwhile, the machine tool platform is continuously fed along the processing path, and the electrolysis product is continuously washed away by the circularly flowing electrolyte, so that the processing of the inner hole of the elbow is realized;
the bending shape of the inner hole is controlled by the processing path of the machine tool platform, the processing path of the machine tool platform ensures that the spherical electrode tip is always positioned at the central position of the bent hole to be processed, the processing precision is higher, in addition, the spherical electrode tip is used as an electrolytic processing part, the diameter of the spherical electrode tip directly determines the processing diameter of the hole, when the spherical electrode tip is used for processing the bent hole, the spherical electrode tip can enter the bent hole only when the diameter of the electrode is smaller than that of the electrode tip, the side wall of the electrode can not touch the hole wall, the depth of the spherical electrode tip for processing the bent hole is further increased when the center of the sphere of the spherical electrode tip deviates to one side of the electrode, the inner hole of the;
the electrode is the supporting part of the spherical electrode tip, the diameter of the electrode is smaller than that of the spherical electrode tip, the secondary electrolysis phenomenon of an electric field generated by the side wall of the electrode on a processed hole can be effectively reduced, the size precision of the processed hole is higher, in addition, the electrolyte conveying channel in the spherical electrode tip is set to be arc-shaped, the liquid flow outlet of the electrolyte conveying channel is horn-shaped, the electrolyte is in contact with the surface to be processed of the elbow through a larger spraying area, the electrolytic processing speed is further improved, meanwhile, the horn-shaped electrolyte flow outlet can enable the electrolyte to flow towards all directions, the fluidity of the electrolyte in all directions is improved, the problem that the excessive electrolysis of the inner hole side wall caused by the excessive electrolyte remaining time due to the uneven electrolyte remaining time is reduced, the inner hole processing precision is effectively improved, in addition, the arrangement of the electrolyte conveying channel in the spherical electrode tip into the arc-shaped effectively prolongs the secondary electrolysis The route, electrolyte can cool off the ball-type electrode tip in transportation process, avoid the electrode tip high temperature and influence the machining precision, make the life of ball-type electrode tip longer, the arc is the same with the crooked direction of solid elbow blank and the arc tip is located the inboard at elbow center, guarantee that the liquid outlet of the in-process electrolyte transfer passage that the ball-type electrode tip fed in the curved hole is located near the curved hole center all the time, guarantee that electrolyte is even distributes curved hole both sides, make the hole precision of processing higher.
The invention is further provided with: still include electrolysis trough and electrolyte tank, the electrolysis trough is fixed on the lathe platform, solid elbow blank is fixed in the electrolysis trough, the electrode is fixed on the main shaft of lathe platform place lathe, electrolyte is arranged in the electrolyte tank, electrolyte passes through feed liquor pipeline and circulation flow pipeline and is flowed at electrolysis trough and electrolyte tank circulation by electrolyte transfer passage.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, electrolyte in the electrolyte tank carries through the inlet liquid pipeline and carries out electrolytic machining in the clearance between solid elbow blank and the electrode, electrolyte is in the circulation flow in the clearance between solid elbow blank and the electrode, constantly wash away the electrolysis product, guarantee the purity of the electrolyte in the clearance between solid elbow blank and the electrode, the electric conductive property of electrolyte is good, electrolytic effect is better, electrolyte is at electrolysis trough and electrolyte tank circulation flow simultaneously, cyclic utilization, the utilization has further improved the utilization ratio of electrolyte.
The invention is further provided with: the electrolyte tank is closed, a temperature adjusting device is arranged in the electrolyte tank, the temperature adjusting device comprises a heater, a radiator and a temperature monitoring device, and the heater and the radiator work independently.
By adopting the technical scheme, the heater in the temperature regulating device is used for heating the electrolyte in the electrolyte tank at low temperature, the radiator is used for cooling the electrolyte in the electrolyte tank at high temperature, the temperature monitoring device monitors the temperature of the electrolyte in the electrolyte tank in real time and controls the heater or the radiator to work according to monitored data information, so that the temperature of the electrolyte in the electrolyte tank is always kept in the optimal temperature range of electrolytic reaction, the electrolytic reaction efficiency is maximized, and the electrolytic processing efficiency is effectively improved.
The invention is further provided with: the liquid inlet pipeline and the circulating liquid pipeline are both provided with an anti-corrosion water pump, and both the liquid inlet pipeline and the circulating liquid pipeline are made of anti-corrosion materials.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the anticorrosion water pump provides power for electrolyte at electrolysis trough and electrolyte tank circulation flow, and feed liquor pipeline and circulation flow pipeline are made with anti-corrosion material, can effectively avoid electrolyte to the corruption of pipeline, further improve the life of pipeline.
The invention is further provided with: and the liquid inlet pipeline is also provided with a flowmeter, a pressure gauge and a safety overflow valve.
By adopting the technical scheme, the flow meter, the pressure meter and the safety overflow valve are used for monitoring the flow of the electrolyte in the pipeline in real time and ensuring that the pipeline is in a safe pressure-bearing range, and the equipment safety performance is high.
The invention is further provided with: still be provided with filtration system and mixing system in the electrolyte tank, filtration system includes coarse filtration filter and fine filtration filter.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, mixing system is used for stirring electrolyte, makes its homogeneity better, and filtration system can effectively in time filter the metallic impurity who produces man-hour, has avoided impurity to cause the jam to the pipeline along with electrolyte circulation flow, influences electrochemical machining.
The invention is further provided with: an exhaust system is also arranged in the electrolytic cell.
By adopting the technical scheme, the exhaust system ensures that the hydrogen generated by electrolysis is discharged, so that explosion caused by hydrogen accumulation is avoided, and the safety of equipment is improved.
The invention is further provided with: the system also comprises a monitoring control system.
By adopting the technical scheme, the monitoring control system monitors and controls the working state of each part in the whole processing device, the automation degree of the equipment is high, and the reliability of the equipment is better.
The invention is further provided with: the electrode except the spherical electrode tip and the other outer wall are all plastic-encapsulated with epoxy resin.
By adopting the technical scheme, the epoxy resin is an insulator, so that the secondary electrolysis phenomenon of an electric field generated by the side wall of the electrode on the machined hole can be effectively avoided, and the size precision of the inner hole of the elbow is further improved.
The technology for processing the inner hole of the elbow by adopting the electrolytic processing device for the inner hole of the elbow comprises the following steps:
step 1: fixing the forged solid elbow blank in an electrolytic bath on a machine tool platform by using a special fixture, fixing an electrode on a main shaft of a machine tool where the machine tool platform is located, connecting the electrode, the solid elbow blank and a direct current power supply by using a cable, connecting the positive electrode of the direct current power supply with the solid elbow blank, and connecting the negative electrode with the electrode;
step 2: fixing an electrode at one end of a solid elbow blank, wherein the distance between the end surface of a spherical electrode head of the electrode and the end surface of the solid elbow blank is 0.2-1mm, opening an anti-corrosion water pump, enabling electrolyte to flow into a gap between the electrode and the elbow through a liquid inlet pipeline, opening a direct-current power supply, conducting the electrode and the solid elbow blank under the connection of the electrolyte after electrifying to generate electrochemical corrosion reaction, and starting to process an inner hole of the solid elbow blank from one end;
and step 3: during processing, the electrode is fixed, the solid elbow blank is continuously fed along with the motion track of the machine tool platform, the inner hole processing of one end of the solid elbow blank is completed, and the gap between the electrode and the solid elbow blank is maintained between 0.2 and 1 mm;
and 4, step 4: and (3) retracting the tool of the machine tool platform until the electrode is separated from the solid elbow blank, adjusting the relative position of the electrode and the solid elbow blank, starting electrolytic machining from the other end of the solid elbow blank, finishing arc displacement of an inner hole at the other end of the solid elbow blank under the connecting shaft movement of the machine tool platform, and finishing the inner hole machining of the solid elbow blank by two times of machining.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention utilizes the processing path of the machine tool platform to ensure that the spherical electrode tip is always positioned at the central position of the curved hole to be processed, the gap between the spherical electrode tip and the solid elbow blank is always unchanged, the processing precision of the inner hole of the elbow is high, in addition, the spherical electrode tip is used as an electrolytic processing part, the diameter of the spherical electrode tip directly determines the diameter of the hole to be processed, when the spherical electrode tip is used for processing the curved hole, the spherical electrode tip can enter the curved hole when the side wall of the electrode does not touch the wall of the hole only when the diameter of the electrode is smaller than that of the electrode tip, the spherical center of the spherical electrode tip deviates one side of the electrode, the depth of the spherical electrode tip for processing the curved hole is further increased, the inner holes can penetrate after the two ends.
2. The electrode is a supporting part of the spherical electrode tip, the diameter of the electrode is smaller than that of the spherical electrode tip, the secondary electrolysis phenomenon of an electric field generated by the side wall of the electrode on a processed hole can be effectively reduced, the size precision of the processed hole is higher, and in order to completely eliminate the secondary electrolysis phenomenon of the electric field generated by the side wall of the electrode on the processed hole, epoxy resin is completely plastically packaged on the outer walls of the electrode except the spherical electrode tip, so that the influence of the side wall of the electrode on the size of an inner hole of an elbow is further avoided, and the processing precision is higher.
3. The electrolyte conveying channel in the spherical electrode tip is arc-shaped, so that the liquid outlet of the electrolyte conveying channel is horn-shaped, the electrolyte is in contact with the surface to be processed of an elbow with a larger spraying area, the rate and speed of electrolytic processing are further improved, meanwhile, the horn-shaped electrolyte outlet can enable the electrolyte to flow towards all directions, the mobility of the electrolyte in all directions is improved, the problem that the processing precision of an inner hole is low due to over electrolysis caused by the fact that the electrolyte remains time is not uniform and the electrolyte remains time is too long and the side wall of the inner hole is too much electrolyzed is solved, the processing precision of the inner hole is effectively improved, meanwhile, the electrolyte conveying channel in the spherical electrode tip is arc-shaped, the path of the electrolyte flowing in the spherical electrode tip is effectively increased, the spherical electrode tip can be cooled by the electrolyte in the conveying process, and, the service life of the spherical electrode tip is longer.
4. According to the invention, the electrolyte conveying channel in the spherical electrode tip is arc-shaped, the arc shape is the same as the bending direction of the solid elbow blank, and the arc-shaped end part is positioned at the inner side of the elbow center, so that the liquid outlet of the electrolyte conveying channel is ensured to be close to the center of the elbow in the feeding process of the spherical electrode tip in the elbow, the electrolyte is ensured to be uniformly distributed to two sides of the elbow, and the processed hole has higher precision.
5. In addition, by arranging additional devices such as a filtering system, an exhaust system, a temperature adjusting device, a flowmeter, a pressure gauge, a safety overflow valve and the like, the processing performance and the safety performance of the equipment are further optimized, the automation degree of the equipment is high, the processing effect is good, the stability is better, and the service life is longer.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an electrolytic machining device for inner holes of elbows, which is disclosed by the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the relative position of the electrodes within the solid elbow blank during the electrolytic machining of one end of the solid elbow blank in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of the relative position of the electrodes within the solid elbow blank at the beginning of the electrolytic machining of the other end of the solid elbow blank of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a schematic view of the relative position of the electrodes within the solid elbow blank after the electrolytic machining of the other end of the solid elbow blank of the present invention is completed.
Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrode in a solid elbow blank.
Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view of a in fig. 5.
In the figure, 1, a direct current power supply; 2. an electrode; 3. an electrolytic cell; 4. solid elbow blanks; 5. a machine tool platform; 6. a spherical electrode tip; 7. an electrolyte delivery channel; 8. an electrolyte tank; 9. an electrolyte; 10. a liquid inlet pipeline; 11. a temperature adjustment device; 12. A stirring system; 13. a heater; 14. a heat sink; 15. a temperature monitoring device; 16. a recycle stream conduit; 17. an anti-corrosion water pump; 18. a flow meter; 19. a pressure gauge; 20. a safety overflow valve; 21. a filtration system; 22. coarse filtration and filtration; 23. A fine filtration filter; 24. an exhaust system; 25. and monitoring the control system.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, an electrolytic machining apparatus for an inner hole of an elbow includes: the direct current power supply comprises a direct current power supply 1, an electrode 2 and electrolyte 9, wherein the anode of the direct current power supply 1 is electrically connected with a solid elbow blank 4, the cathode of the direct current power supply 1 is electrically connected with the electrode 2, the electrolyte 9 circularly flows in the gap between the solid elbow blank 4 and the electrode 2, after the anode and the cathode of the direct current power supply 1 are electrified with the solid elbow blank 4 and the electrode 2, the solid elbow blank 4 and the electrode 2 are conducted under the connection of the electrolyte 9 to generate electrochemical corrosion reaction, the solid elbow blank 4 connected with the anode of the direct current power supply 1 is continuously dissolved as the anode to realize the processing of holes, a machine tool platform 5 used for controlling a processing path and ensuring the gap between the solid elbow blank 4 and the electrode 2 is continuously fed along the processing path, a certain gap is kept between the solid elbow blank 4 and the electrode 2 to realize the continuous processing, and the bending shape of an inner hole is controlled by, one end of the electrode 2 is provided with a spherical electrode tip 6, during electrolytic machining, the spherical electrode tip 6 is always positioned at the center of a machining track, in order to prevent the side wall of the electrode 2 from touching the hole wall to cause short circuit when the spherical electrode tip 6 is used for machining a bent hole, the diameter of the electrode 2 is smaller than that of the spherical electrode tip 6 so as to increase the distance between the electrode 2 and the hole wall, in order to enable an electrolyte 9 to circularly flow in the gap between the solid elbow blank 4 and the electrode 2, an electrolyte conveying channel 7 which penetrates through is arranged inside the electrode 2 and the spherical electrode tip 6, the electrolyte 9 enters from one end of the electrode 2 positioned by the electrolyte conveying channel 7 and is sprayed from one end of the spherical electrode tip 6, the center of the spherical electrode tip 6 deviates to one side of the electrode 2, when the spherical electrode tip 6 is positioned at the center, the electrode 2 deviates to one side of the center, the electrode 2 gradually draws close to the center until the electrode 2 deviates to the other side of the center, the electrode 2 does not touch the workpiece in the process, the moving range of the motor 2 is larger as shown in figure 2, therefore, the processing depth of the spherical electrode tip 6 is deeper, the inner hole of the solid elbow blank 4 can be ensured to penetrate through after being processed from two ends, as shown in figures 2-4, the yield is higher, in addition, the diameter of the electrode 2 is smaller than that of the spherical electrode tip 6, the secondary electrolysis of an electric field generated by the side wall of the electrode 2 on the processed hole can be effectively reduced, the size precision of the processed hole is higher, the electrolyte conveying channel 7 in the spherical electrode tip 6 is arranged to be arc-shaped, the arc-shaped direction is the same as the bending direction of the solid elbow blank 4, the arc-shaped end part is positioned at the inner side of the elbow center, the electrolyte conveying channel 7 in the spherical electrode tip, as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, the electrolyte 9 is contacted with the surface to be processed of the solid elbow blank 4 with a larger spraying area, so as to further improve the speed of electrolytic processing, meanwhile, the trumpet-shaped electrolyte outlet enables the electrolyte to flow towards all directions, so as to improve the mobility of the electrolyte in all directions, reduce the problem of low inner hole processing precision caused by over-electrolysis of the inner hole side wall due to the fact that the electrolyte remains time is too long due to uneven electrolyte remaining time, and effectively improve the precision of inner hole processing, in addition, the arc-shaped electrolyte conveying channel 7 effectively prolongs the path of the electrolyte flowing in the ball-shaped electrode tip 6, the electrolyte 6 can cool the ball-shaped electrode tip 6 in the conveying process, so as to avoid the over-high temperature of the ball-shaped electrode tip 6, the service life of the ball-shaped electrode tip 6 is longer, the arc shape is the same as the bending direction of the, the liquid outlet of the electrolyte conveying channel 7 is always positioned near the center of the bent hole in the feeding process of the spherical electrode tip 6 in the bent hole, and the electrolyte 9 is uniformly distributed to the two sides of the bent hole, so that the processed hole is higher in precision.
Further, elbow hole electrolytic machining device still includes electrolysis trough 3 and electrolyte tank 8, electrolysis trough 3 is fixed on lathe platform 5, solid elbow blank 4 is fixed in electrolysis trough 3, electrode 2 is fixed on main shaft 12 of lathe on lathe platform 5 place lathe, electrolyte 9 is located electrolyte tank 8, electrolyte 9 is through feed liquor pipeline 10 and circulation flow pipeline 16 by electrolyte transfer passage 7 at electrolysis trough 3 and electrolyte tank 8 circulation flow, electrolyte 9 in electrolyte tank 8 carries out electrochemical machining in the clearance between solid elbow blank 4 and the electrode 2 through feed liquor pipeline 10, electrolyte 9 is in the circulation flow in the clearance between solid elbow blank 4 and the electrode 2, constantly washes away the electrolysis product, guarantees the purity of electrolyte 9 in the clearance between solid elbow blank 4 and the electrode 2, the electrolyte 9 has good conductivity and good electrolysis effect, and the circulating liquid flow pipeline 16 enables the electrolyte 9 to circularly flow in the electrolytic tank 3 and the electrolytic tank 8, so that the utilization rate of the electrolyte is further improved.
Further, the electrolyte tank 8 is closed, so that the electrolytic effect of the electrolyte 9 can be effectively prevented from being affected by impurities falling into the electrolyte tank 8, a temperature adjusting device 11 is further arranged inside the electrolyte tank 8, the temperature adjusting device 11 comprises a heater 13, a radiator 14 and a temperature monitoring device 15, the heater 13 and the radiator 14 respectively and independently work, the heater 13 is used for heating the electrolyte 9 in the electrolyte tank 8 at a low temperature, the radiator 14 is used for cooling the electrolyte 9 in the electrolyte tank 8 at a high temperature, the temperature monitoring device 15 monitors the temperature of the electrolyte 9 in the electrolyte tank 8 in real time, the temperature monitoring device 15 can be a temperature sensor or a thermometer, the operation of the heater 13 or the radiator 14 is controlled according to monitored temperature information, so that the temperature of the electrolyte 9 in the electrolyte tank 8 is always kept within an optimal temperature range (30-40 ℃) for electrolytic reaction, the electrolytic reaction efficiency can reach the highest.
Furthermore, the liquid inlet pipeline 10 and the circulating liquid flow pipeline 16 are both provided with an anti-corrosion water pump 17, the anti-corrosion water pump 17 provides power for the electrolyte 9 to circularly flow in the electrolytic tank 3 and the electrolytic tank 8, and the liquid inlet pipeline 10 and the circulating liquid flow pipeline 16 are both made of anti-corrosion materials, so that the corrosion of the electrolyte 9 to the pipelines can be effectively avoided, and the service life of the pipelines is further prolonged.
Furthermore, the liquid inlet pipeline 10 is also provided with a flowmeter 18, a pressure gauge 19 and a safety overflow valve 20, the flowmeter 18, the pressure gauge 19 and the safety overflow valve 20 are used for monitoring the flow of the electrolyte 9 in the pipeline and the pressure of the pipeline in real time and ensuring that the pipeline is in a safe pressure-bearing range, and the safety performance of the device is high.
Still be provided with filtration system 21 and mixing system 12 in electrolyte tank 8, filtration system 21 includes coarse filter 22 and fine filtration filter 23, mixing system 12 is used for stirring electrolyte 9, make electrolyte 9's homogeneity better, coarse filter 22 and fine filtration filter 23 among the filtration system 21 can effectively in time filter the metallic impurity that produces with man-hour, avoided impurity to cause the jam to the pipeline when along with electrolyte 9 circulation flow, influence electrolytic machining, mixing system 12 can adopt motor drive (mixing) shaft rotation to drive to fix and stir electrolyte 9 at the epaxial blade of stirring, coarse filter 22 and fine filtration filter 23 can adopt the filter more than 80 meshes, two filters set up respectively in electrolyte tank 8 the entry and the 16 exits of circulation flow pipeline of inlet pipeline 10.
Further, still be provided with exhaust system 24 in the electrolysis trough 3, exhaust system 24 is used for guaranteeing to discharge the hydrogen that the electrolysis produced, avoids hydrogen accumulation and produces the explosion, has improved the security of equipment, exhaust system 24 can comprise fan and exhaust pipe, and the fan starts to discharge the hydrogen that the electrolysis produced after the suction exhaust pipe to suitable region, or recycle or direct burning.
Further, elbow hole electrolytic machining device still includes monitoring control system 25, monitoring control system 25 includes PLC controller and monitoring unit, each part electricity is connected among PLC controller and the whole processingequipment, and each part of control is according to setting for the operating mode and is worked, and the operating condition of each part of monitoring unit control, monitoring unit can be the sensor of gathering various data information, and monitoring unit gives the PLC controller with the data transfer who gathers and has adjusted the processing state, and the degree of automation of equipment is high, and the equipment reliability is better.
Furthermore, the electrode 2 except the spherical electrode tip 6 is plastic-encapsulated with epoxy resin on the outer wall, and the epoxy resin is an insulator, so that the secondary electrolysis phenomenon of an electric field generated on the side wall of the electrode 2 on a processed hole can be effectively avoided, and the processing precision is further improved.
The technology for processing the inner hole of the elbow by adopting the electrolytic processing device for the inner hole of the elbow comprises the following steps:
step 1: fixing the forged solid elbow blank 4 in an electrolytic bath 3 on a machine tool platform 5 by using a special fixture, fixing an electrode 2 on a main shaft 12 of a machine tool where the machine tool platform 5 is located, connecting the electrode 2, the solid elbow blank 4 and a direct current power supply 1 by using cables, connecting the positive electrode of the direct current power supply 1 with the solid elbow blank 4, and connecting the negative electrode with the electrode 2;
step 2: fixing an electrode 2 at one end of a solid elbow blank 4, enabling the end face of a spherical electrode tip 6 of the electrode 2 to be 0.2-1mm away from the end face of the solid elbow blank 4, opening an anti-corrosion water pump 17, enabling an electrolyte 9 to flow into a gap between the electrode 2 and the elbow through a liquid inlet pipeline 10, opening a direct-current power supply 1, conducting the electrode 2 and the solid elbow blank 4 under the connection of the electrolyte 9 after being electrified to generate an electrochemical corrosion reaction, and starting to process an inner hole of the solid elbow blank 4 from one end;
and step 3: during processing, the electrode 2 is fixed, the solid elbow blank 4 is continuously fed along with the motion track of the machine tool platform 5, the inner hole processing of one end of the solid elbow blank 4 is completed, and the gap between the electrode 2 and the solid elbow blank 4 is maintained between 0.2 and 1 mm;
and 4, step 4: and (3) retracting the tool of the machine tool platform 5 until the electrode 2 is separated from the solid elbow blank 4, adjusting the relative positions of the electrode 2 and the solid elbow blank 4, starting electrolytic machining from the other end of the solid elbow blank 4, finishing circular arc displacement of an inner hole at the other end of the solid elbow blank 4 under the connecting shaft motion of the machine tool platform 5, and finishing the inner hole machining of the solid elbow blank 4 by two times of machining.
Claims (10)
1. An electrolytic machining device for inner holes of elbows comprises: the direct current power supply comprises a direct current power supply (1), an electrode (2) and electrolyte (9), wherein the positive electrode of the direct current power supply (1) is electrically connected with a solid elbow blank (4), the negative electrode of the direct current power supply (1) is electrically connected with the electrode (2), and the electrolyte (9) circularly flows in a gap between the solid elbow blank (4) and the electrode (2), and the direct current power supply is characterized by further comprising a machine tool platform (5) used for controlling a processing path and ensuring the gap between the solid elbow blank (4) and the electrode (2), wherein one end of the electrode (2) is provided with a spherical electrode tip (6), the diameter of the electrode (2) is smaller than that of the spherical electrode tip (6), a penetrating electrolyte conveying channel (7) is arranged inside the electrode (2) and the spherical electrode tip (6), the spherical center of the spherical electrode tip (6) is deviated to one side of the electrode (2), and the electrolyte conveying channel (7) in the spherical electrode tip (6) is arc-, the arc is the same as the bending direction of the solid elbow blank (4).
2. The electrolytic machining device for the inner hole of the elbow as claimed in claim 1, wherein: still include electrolysis trough (3) and electrolyte tank (8), electrolysis trough (3) are fixed on lathe platform (5), solid elbow blank (4) are fixed in electrolysis trough (3), electrode (2) are fixed on main shaft (12) of lathe platform (5) place lathe, electrolyte (9) are arranged in electrolyte tank (8), electrolyte (9) are passed through inlet liquid pipeline (10) and circulation flow pipeline (16) and are flowed at electrolysis trough (3) and electrolyte tank (8) circulation by electrolyte delivery passage (7).
3. The electrolytic machining device for the inner hole of the elbow as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the electrolyte tank (8) is closed, a temperature adjusting device (11) is further arranged inside the electrolyte tank (8), the temperature adjusting device (11) comprises a heater (13), a radiator (14) and a temperature monitoring device (15), and the heater (13) and the radiator (14) respectively and independently work.
4. The electrolytic machining device for the inner hole of the elbow as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the liquid inlet pipeline (10) and the circulating liquid pipeline (16) are both provided with an anti-corrosion water pump (17), and the liquid inlet pipeline (10) and the circulating liquid pipeline (16) are both made of anti-corrosion materials.
5. The electrolytic machining device for the inner hole of the elbow as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and the liquid inlet pipeline (10) is also provided with a flowmeter (18), a pressure gauge (19) and a safety overflow valve (20).
6. The electrolytic machining device for the inner hole of the elbow as claimed in claim 2, wherein: still be provided with filtration system (21) and mixing system (12) in electrolyte tank (8), filtration system (21) are including coarse filter (22) and fine filtration filter (23).
7. The electrolytic machining device for the inner hole of the elbow as claimed in claim 2, wherein: an exhaust system (24) is also arranged in the electrolytic cell (3).
8. The electrolytic machining device for the inner hole of the elbow as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a monitoring control system (25) is also included.
9. The electrolytic machining device for the inner hole of the elbow as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the electrode (2) except the spherical electrode tip (6) is sealed with epoxy resin.
10. The elbow inner hole electrolytic machining device of any one of claims 1 to 9 is used for machining an elbow inner hole, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: fixing a forged solid elbow blank (4) in an electrolytic bath (3) on a machine tool platform (5) by using a special fixture, fixing an electrode (2) on a main shaft (12) of a machine tool where the machine tool platform (5) is located, connecting the electrode (2), the solid elbow blank (4) and a direct current power supply (1) by using cables, connecting the positive electrode of the direct current power supply (1) with the solid elbow blank (4), and connecting the negative electrode with the electrode (2);
step 2: fixing an electrode (2) at one end of a solid elbow blank (4), enabling the end face of a spherical electrode tip (6) of the electrode (2) to be 0.2-1mm away from the end face of the solid elbow blank (4), opening an anti-corrosion water pump (17), enabling an electrolyte (9) to flow into a gap between the electrode (2) and the elbow through a liquid inlet pipeline (10), opening a direct-current power supply (1), conducting the electrode (2) and the solid elbow blank (4) after being electrified under the connection of the electrolyte (9) to generate an electrochemical corrosion reaction, and starting to process an inner hole of the solid elbow blank (4) from one end;
and step 3: during processing, the electrode (2) is fixed, the solid elbow blank (4) is continuously fed along with the motion track of the machine tool platform (5), the inner hole processing of one end of the solid elbow blank (4) is completed, and the gap between the electrode (2) and the solid elbow blank (4) is maintained between 0.2 mm and 1 mm;
and 4, step 4: the machine tool platform (5) retracts until the electrode (2) is separated from the solid elbow blank (4), the relative position of the electrode (2) and the solid elbow blank (4) is adjusted, electrolytic machining is started from the other end of the solid elbow blank (4), the solid elbow blank (4) completes arc displacement of an inner hole at the other end under the connecting shaft movement of the machine tool platform (5), and the inner hole machining of the solid elbow blank (4) is completed together by two times of machining.
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Denomination of invention: An electrolytic machining device and process for inner holes of elbows Granted publication date: 20211228 Pledgee: Hubei Bank Co.,Ltd. Jingzhou Jingzhou District Branch Pledgor: HUBEI PETROKH MACHINE MANUFACTURING Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980015935 |