CN112546849A - Livestock and poultry breeding house odor treatment process - Google Patents
Livestock and poultry breeding house odor treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112546849A CN112546849A CN202011351025.8A CN202011351025A CN112546849A CN 112546849 A CN112546849 A CN 112546849A CN 202011351025 A CN202011351025 A CN 202011351025A CN 112546849 A CN112546849 A CN 112546849A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a livestock and poultry breeding house odor treatment process, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the technical process route consists of a high-power fan 1, a deodorization buffer room 2, a dosing system 3, a spraying system 4, a dripping system 5, a biological deodorization filter wall 6, a water supplementing system 7, a sewage discharging system 8 and a detection control system 9; the problem that the odor discharged from the large-scale livestock and poultry breeding house pollutes the atmospheric environment is thoroughly solved, the external air environment of the livestock and poultry breeding house is purified, the odor treatment process is harmless, spraying and dripping water are recycled, secondary pollution is avoided, the economic benefit and the social benefit of livestock and poultry breeding enterprises are realized, and the coordination and the sustainable development of the ecological livestock and poultry breeding industry are greatly promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a livestock and poultry breeding house odor treatment process, and belongs to the field of livestock and poultry breeding and environmental protection.
Background
With the large-scale development of livestock and poultry breeding industry, a large amount of malodorous gas is generated by excrement of livestock and poultry houses, in order to keep the air of the livestock and poultry houses fresh, the malodorous gas of the livestock and poultry houses needs to be forcibly discharged outdoors by using an exhaust fan, and the species of the malodorous gas of the livestock and poultry houses are more than three hundred species, mainly comprising ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, volatile fatty acid, skatole, alcohols and the like; among these malodorous substances, ammonia (NH) is the most influential to human and livestock3) And hydrogen sulfide (H)2S), ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide are respectively decomposition products of nitrogen-containing organic matters and sulfur-containing organic matters in feed and excrement; ammonia gas (NH)3) And hydrogen sulfide (H)2S) has certain toxicity, irritation, narcosis or asphyxiation, and can seriously lead death, so that malodorous gas in the livestock and poultry house is directly discharged outdoors, the atmospheric environment is greatly polluted, and the serious pollution is caused to nearby residents and crops. The malodorous gas in the livestock and poultry house can be discharged outdoors after being deodorized. At present, the malodorous gas is treated by mainly adopting physical and chemical methods such as combustion, adsorption, absorption, oxidation reduction and the like in China industry. The processes and equipment of the methods are complex, and the operation cost is high; especially when the deodorant is used for the foul waste gas discharged by livestock and poultry farms, the effect is not ideal.
In order to solve the industrial problem of deodorization treatment of malodorous gas generated in livestock and poultry houses, the applicant tries to design a livestock and poultry housing odor treatment process, and adopts a biological filter wall combined process technology and equipment to carry out harmless treatment of biological filtration, absorption and decomposition on the malodorous gas, namely, the malodorous substance is degraded by the metabolic activity of microorganisms, and the malodorous substance is oxidized into a final product, namely, the sulfur-containing malodorous substance is decomposed into S, SO3 2-And SO4 2-(ii) a The malodorous substances containing nitrogen are decomposed into NH4 +、NO3 -And NO2 -(ii) a The malodorous substances without sulfur or nitrogen are decomposed into CO2And H2And O, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying the peculiar smell. The biological treatment process is simple, the investment of the deodorization technology is low, the energy consumption is low, and the operating cost is low; the biological deodorization is implemented by using malodorous components as energy sources in organismsThe oxidation and decomposition process can be completed when the microorganism is contacted with the malodorous component; adopt low cost's biological deodorization of beasts and birds house foul smell to filter the wall module, the gaseous of foul smell after biological filter wall filters accords with national standard's tasteless harmless gas, has solved the safety problem that the foul smell deodorization of beasts and birds house was discharged from the root, promotes the healthy big development of beasts and birds breed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the odor treatment process technology for the livestock and poultry breeding house is characterized in that odor substances are degraded by utilizing the metabolic activity of microorganisms, and the odor of the livestock and poultry breeding house is filtered by a biological filter wall and accords with national standard odorless harmless gas, so that the safety problem of deodorizing and discharging the odor of the livestock and poultry house is fundamentally solved, and the problem that the environment is polluted by directly discharged odor is completely eradicated.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a livestock and poultry breeding house odor treatment process comprises a technical process route which consists of a high-power fan 1, a deodorization buffer room 2, a dosing system 3, a spraying system 4, a dripping system 5, a biological deodorization filter wall 6, a water supplementing system 7, a sewage discharging system 8 and a detection control system 9;
the high-power fan 1 is positioned on the outer wall of the livestock and poultry house and has the function of pumping odor in the livestock and poultry house into the deodorization buffer room 2;
the deodorization buffer room 2 is positioned at the outer side of the livestock and poultry house and is hermetically adjacent to the livestock and poultry house, one side of the deodorization buffer room 2 is connected with a high-power fan 1, and the other side of the deodorization buffer room is hermetically connected with a biological deodorization filter wall 6; the deodorization buffer room 2 reduces the wind speed of the odor airflow, so that the odor passes through the biological deodorization filter wall 6 at a low speed;
the drug adding system 3 consists of a drug solution tank 30, a drug solution conveying pipeline 31 and a drug adding pump 32; the main function is to supplement liquid medicine to the biological water tank 61 according to the requirement, so as to ensure that the pH value and the conductivity of the biological water reach the standard;
the spraying system 4 consists of a high-pressure spraying pump 40, a horizontal water main 41, a plurality of vertical water distribution pipes 42, a plurality of high-pressure atomizing nozzles 43 and a plurality of support connecting rods 44; each high-pressure atomizing nozzle 43 positioned outside the left three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 atomizes biological water through the high-pressure nozzle, so that the biological water is dispersed on the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, the atomized biological water quickly soaks each filter mesh sheet in the whole three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, the biological water flows into the biological water tank 61 along the filter mesh walls under the action of gravity, is conveyed to the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 43 by the high-pressure atomizing pump 40 and is sprayed on the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, and the circulation is carried out;
the dripping system 5 consists of a dripping pump 50, a water main 51, a water distribution pipe 52 and a plurality of dripping pipes 53; each dripping pipe 53 positioned at the top end of the right three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 drips the biological water conveyed by the dripping pump 50 on the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, the dripped biological water quickly wets each filter mesh in the whole three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, flows into the biological water tank 61 along the filter wall under the action of gravity, is conveyed to the dripping pipe 53 by the dripping pump 50 and then drips on the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, and the process is repeated;
the biological deodorization filter wall 6 consists of a biological water tank 61, a biological filter wall shell 62, a biological filter wall fixing frame 63 and a plurality of three-dimensional biological filter walls 64; the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 is formed by stacking a plurality of filter meshes; biological water is sprayed on the left three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 through the left spraying system 4, the biological water conveyed by the dripping pump 50 is uniformly dripped on the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 through each dripping pipe 53 positioned at the top end of the right three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, and each filter mesh in the whole three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 is quickly soaked by the dripped biological water to form two air-permeable filter walls; the air speed of the odor air flow which is extracted from the livestock and poultry house by the high-power fan 1 is reduced when the odor air flow passes through the deodorization buffer room 2, and when the odor air flow passes through the left and right two three-dimensional biological filter walls 64 of the biological deodorization filter wall 6 at a low speed, the odor is sprayed by biological water and then the humidity is increased, and most of dust is absorbed by the sprayed water and is settled in a biological water pool; the humidified odor continues to move forward and enters the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 has the function of increasing the contact area of the water film on the surface of the gas filter screen, gas molecules are absorbed by liquid after impacting the water film, and the water flow flows back to the biological water tank 61 downwards along the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 under the action of gravity, so that the purposes of odor purification and deodorization are achieved;
the deodorization process of the biological deodorization filter wall 6 is mainly divided into the following stages:
the first stage is as follows: in the gas-liquid diffusion stage, pollutants in the odor are transferred from a gas phase to a liquid phase through a gas-liquid interface of the filler;
and a second stage: in the liquid-solid diffusion stage, malodorous substances diffuse to the surface of a microbial film, odor molecules in the waste gas diffuse to the biological film (solid phase) of the biological filler from a liquid phase, and pollutants are adsorbed and absorbed by microbes;
and a third stage: in the biological oxidation stage, the microorganisms oxidize and decompose the malodorous substances, and the microorganisms in the biological film formed on the surface of the biological filler oxidize the odor molecules, and simultaneously the biological film can cause the diffusion and absorption of nutrient substances such as nitrogen or phosphorus and oxygen;
through the three stages, the malodorous substances are degraded by the metabolic activity of microorganisms, and the malodorous substances are oxidized into final products, namely, sulfur-containing malodorous substances are decomposed into S, SO3 2-And SO4 2-(ii) a The malodorous substances containing nitrogen are decomposed into NH4 +、NO3 -And NO2 -(ii) a The malodorous substances without sulfur or nitrogen are decomposed into CO2And H2O, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying peculiar smell; the main reaction equation is as follows:
various microorganisms are required to participate in the oxidation process of the malodorous substances, and different microorganisms are required in different oxidation stages of the same malodorous substance; for example, oxidation of sulfur-containing species: when the malodorous gas is H2When S is used, the obligate autotrophic sulfur oxidizing bacteria can react with H under certain conditions2S is oxidized into sulfate radical; when the malodorous gas is organic sulfur such as methyl mercaptan, the oxygen-conductive microorganisms are first required to convert the organic sulfur into H2S, then H2S is converted into sulfate radical by autotrophic microorganisms; if the malodorous gas is ammonia, the ammonia is firstly dissolved in water and then is converted into nitrate through the nitrification of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, nitrosobacteria and nitrobacteria under the aerobic condition, and the nitrate is reduced into nitrogen by the nitrate reducing bacteria under the facultative anaerobic condition;
the water replenishing system 7 consists of a biological water tank 70, a water replenishing pump 71, a water replenishing pipe 72 and a valve 73;
the sewage system 8 consists of a sewage pump 80, a sewage pipe 81 and a sewage pipeline 82;
the detection control system 9 is composed of a conductivity probe 91, a pH value probe 92, a liquid level probe 93, a plurality of signal lines 94, a PC computer 95, a conductivity controller 96, a pH value controller 97, a liquid level controller 98, a sewage pump switch 1k99, a dripping pump switch 2k100, a high-pressure spray pump switch 3k101, a water supplementing pump switch 4k102 and a medicine adding pump switch 5k 103;
when the liquid level probe 93 detects that the water level exceeds the lower limit, the computer immediately starts the biological water replenishing system 7 to replenish water, and when the liquid level reaches the upper limit, the biological water replenishing system 7 stops; when the conductivity probe 91 and the pH value probe 92 detect that the pH value and the conductivity of the biological water are changed, the computer immediately starts the dosing system 3 to dose the medicine until the two indexes return to the standard values, and the dosing system 3 is closed; when the biological sludge in the biological water tank 61 is detected to reach a specified limit value, the computer starts the sewage system 8 to discharge the biological sludge to the sludge pipeline.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the odor treatment process of the livestock and poultry breeding house of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a biological filter wall module for treating odors of livestock and poultry houses (viewed from the front left) according to the odor treatment process of the livestock and poultry houses of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a biological filter wall combined module for livestock and poultry house odor treatment (viewed from the rear right) according to the livestock and poultry house odor treatment process of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view A-A of a biological filter wall combined module for livestock and poultry house odor treatment of the livestock and poultry house odor treatment process of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic front view showing the structure and positional relationship of the odor treatment process in the livestock and poultry housing according to the odor treatment process in the livestock and poultry housing of the present invention.
In the figure:
1 is a high-power fan
2 is a deodorizing buffer chamber
3 is a medicine adding system
30 is a liquid medicine box
31 is a pipeline for conveying liquid medicine
32 is a medicine feeding pump
4 is a spraying system
40 is a high-pressure spray pump
41 is a horizontal water main
42 vertical water distribution pipe
43 is a high-pressure atomizing nozzle
44 is a support link
5 is a dripping system
50 is a dripping pump
51 is a water main
52 is a shunt pipe
53 is a dripping pipe
6 is a biological deodorization filter wall
61 as a biological pond
62 is a biological filter wall shell
63 is biological filter wall mount
64 is a three-dimensional biological filter wall
7 is a water replenishing system
70 is a biological water tank
71 is a water replenishing pump
72 is a water replenishing pipe
73 is a valve
8 is a medicine adding system
8 is a sewage system
80 is a sewage pump
81 is a sewage discharge pipe
82 is a sewage discharge pipeline
9 is a detection control system
91 is a conductivity probe
92 is pH value probe
93 is a liquid level probe
94 is a signal line
95 is a PC computer
96 is a conductivity controller
97 is a pH value controller
98 as liquid level controller
99 is a dredge pump switch 1k
100 is a dripping pump switch 2k,
101 is a high-pressure spray pump switch 3k
102 is a water replenishing pump switch 4k
103 is a medicine adding pump switch 5k
Detailed Description
The present invention is thus realized, as further described below with reference to the accompanying figures 1-5: a livestock and poultry breeding house odor treatment process comprises a technical process route which consists of a high-power fan 1, a deodorization buffer room 2, a dosing system 3, a spraying system 4, a dripping system 5, a biological deodorization filter wall 6, a water supplementing system 7, a sewage discharging system 8 and a detection control system 9;
the high-power fan 1 is positioned on the outer wall of the livestock and poultry house and has the function of pumping odor in the livestock and poultry house into the deodorization buffer room 2;
the deodorization buffer room 2 is positioned at the outer side of the livestock and poultry house and is hermetically adjacent to the livestock and poultry house, one side of the deodorization buffer room 2 is connected with a high-power fan 1, and the other side of the deodorization buffer room is hermetically connected with a biological deodorization filter wall 6; the deodorization buffer room 2 reduces the wind speed of the odor airflow, so that the odor passes through the biological deodorization filter wall 6 at a low speed;
the drug adding system 3 consists of a drug solution tank 30, a drug solution conveying pipeline 31 and a drug adding pump 32; in the main action, the liquid medicine is supplemented to the biological water tank 61 according to the requirement, so that the pH value and the conductivity of the biological water reach the standard;
the spraying system 4 consists of a high-pressure spraying pump 40, a horizontal water main 41, a plurality of vertical water distribution pipes 42, a plurality of high-pressure atomizing nozzles 43 and a plurality of support connecting rods 44; each high-pressure atomizing nozzle 43 positioned outside the left three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 atomizes biological water through the high-pressure nozzle, so that the biological water is dispersed on the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, the atomized biological water quickly soaks each filter mesh sheet in the whole three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, the biological water flows into the biological water tank 61 along the filter mesh walls under the action of gravity, is conveyed to the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 43 by the high-pressure atomizing pump 40 and is sprayed on the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, and the circulation is carried out;
the dripping system 5 consists of a dripping pump 50, a water main 51, a water distribution pipe 52 and a plurality of dripping pipes 53; each dripping pipe 53 positioned at the top end of the right three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 drips the biological water conveyed by the dripping pump 50 on the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, the dripped biological water quickly wets each filter mesh in the whole three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, flows into the biological water tank 61 along the filter wall under the action of gravity, is conveyed to the dripping pipe 53 by the dripping pump 50 and then drips on the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, and the process is repeated;
the biological deodorization filter wall 6 consists of a biological water tank 61, a biological filter wall shell 62, a biological filter wall fixing frame 63 and a plurality of three-dimensional biological filter walls 64; the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 is formed by stacking a plurality of filter meshes; biological water is sprayed on the left three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 through the left spraying system 4, the biological water conveyed by the dripping pump 50 is uniformly dripped on the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 through each dripping pipe 53 positioned at the top end of the right three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, and each filter mesh in the whole three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 is quickly soaked by the dripped biological water to form two air-permeable filter walls; the air speed of the odor air flow which is extracted from the livestock and poultry house by the high-power fan 1 is reduced when the odor air flow passes through the deodorization buffer room 2, and when the odor air flow passes through the left and right two three-dimensional biological filter walls 64 of the biological deodorization filter wall 6 at a low speed, the odor is sprayed by biological water and then the humidity is increased, and most of dust is absorbed by the sprayed water and is settled in a biological water pool; the humidified odor continues to move forward and enters the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64, the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 has the function of increasing the contact area of the water film on the surface of the gas filter screen, gas molecules are absorbed by liquid after impacting the water film, and the water flow flows back to the biological water tank 61 downwards along the three-dimensional biological filter wall 64 under the action of gravity, so that the purposes of odor purification and deodorization are achieved;
the deodorization process of the biological deodorization filter wall 6 is mainly divided into the following stages:
the first stage is as follows: in the gas-liquid diffusion stage, pollutants in the odor are transferred from a gas phase to a liquid phase through a gas-liquid interface of the filler;
and a second stage: in the liquid-solid diffusion stage, malodorous substances diffuse to the surface of a microbial film, odor molecules in the waste gas diffuse to the biological film (solid phase) of the biological filler from a liquid phase, and pollutants are adsorbed and absorbed by microbes;
and a third stage: in the biological oxidation stage, the microorganisms oxidize and decompose the malodorous substances, and the microorganisms in the biological film formed on the surface of the biological filler oxidize the odor molecules, and simultaneously the biological film can cause the diffusion and absorption of nutrient substances such as nitrogen or phosphorus and oxygen;
through the three stages, the malodorous substances are degraded by the metabolic activity of microorganisms, and the malodorous substances are oxidized into final products, namely, sulfur-containing malodorous substances are decomposed into S, SO3 2-And SO4 2-(ii) a The malodorous substances containing nitrogen are decomposed into NH4 +、NO3 -And NO2 -(ii) a The malodorous substances without sulfur or nitrogen are decomposed into CO2And H2O, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying peculiar smell; the main reaction equation is as follows:
various microorganisms are required to participate in the oxidation process of the malodorous substances, and different microorganisms are required in different oxidation stages of the same malodorous substance; for example, oxidation of sulfur-containing species: when the malodorous gas is H2When S is used, the obligate autotrophic sulfur oxidizing bacteria can react with H under certain conditions2S is oxidized into sulfate radical; when the malodorous gas is organic sulfur such as methyl mercaptan, the oxygen-conductive microorganisms are first required to convert the organic sulfur into H2S, then H2S is converted into sulfate radical by autotrophic microorganisms; if the malodorous gas is ammonia, the ammonia is firstly dissolved in water and then is converted into nitrate through the nitrification of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, nitrosobacteria and nitrobacteria under the aerobic condition, and the nitrate is reduced into nitrogen by the nitrate reducing bacteria under the facultative anaerobic condition;
the water replenishing system 7 consists of a biological water tank 70, a water replenishing pump 71, a water replenishing pipe 72 and a valve 73; the sewage system 8 consists of a sewage pump 80, a sewage pipe 81 and a sewage pipeline 82; the detection control system 9 is composed of a conductivity probe 91, a pH value probe 92, a liquid level probe 93, a plurality of signal lines 94, a PC computer 95, a conductivity controller 96, a pH value controller 97, a liquid level controller 98, a sewage pump switch 1k99, a dripping pump switch 2k100, a high-pressure spray pump switch 3k101, a water supplementing pump switch 4k102 and a medicine adding pump switch 5k 103;
when the liquid level probe 93 detects that the water level exceeds the lower limit, the computer immediately starts the biological water replenishing system 7 to replenish water, and when the liquid level reaches the upper limit, the biological water replenishing system 7 stops; when the conductivity probe 91 and the pH value probe 92 detect that the pH value and the conductivity of the biological water are changed, the computer immediately starts the dosing system 3 to dose the medicine until the two indexes return to the standard values, and the dosing system 3 is closed; when the biological sludge in the biological water tank 61 is detected to reach a specified limit value, the computer starts the sewage system 8 to discharge the biological sludge to the sludge pipeline.
The beneficial effects of the invention after implementation are as follows:
1. the biological treatment process can avoid or reduce secondary pollution by deodorization; generally, various malodorous components such as sulfur-reducing system, nitrogen system, carbon system and the like, and toxic components such as phenol, cyanogen and the like are oxidized and decomposed into substances such as CO2, H2O, H2SO4 and the like, and the products of biological treatment are microorganisms and are easy to treat;
2. the biological treatment process has the advantages of low investment, low energy consumption and low operating cost, and the biological deodorization takes the malodorous components as the energy source in the organism, and can complete the oxidation and decomposition processes as long as the microorganisms are contacted with the malodorous components, so the treatment cost is low;
3. the biological treatment process supporting equipment can treat odor components with complex gas components, and the odor components, whether inorganic or organic, can be absorbed and oxidized and decomposed in the biological treatment equipment;
4. the biological treatment process supporting equipment is controlled by a program to run fully automatically, does not need daily management of workers and is simple to maintain.
Claims (1)
1. A livestock and poultry breeding house odor treatment process is characterized in that: the technical process route consists of a high-power fan (1), a deodorization buffer room (2), a dosing system (3), a spraying system (4), a dripping system (5), a biological deodorization filter wall (6), a water supplementing system (7), a sewage discharging system (8) and a detection control system (9);
the high-power fan (1) is positioned on the outer wall of the livestock and poultry house and has the function of pumping odor in the livestock and poultry house into the deodorization buffer room (2);
the deodorization buffer room (2) is positioned at the outer side of the livestock and poultry house and is sealed and adjacent to the livestock and poultry house, one side of the deodorization buffer room (2) is connected with a high-power fan (1), and the other side of the deodorization buffer room is sealed and connected with a biological deodorization filter wall (6); the deodorization buffer room (2) reduces the wind speed of the odor airflow, so that the odor passes through the biological deodorization filter wall (6) at low speed;
the drug adding system (3) consists of a drug solution tank (30), a drug solution conveying pipeline (31) and a drug adding pump (32); the main function is to supplement liquid medicine to the biological water tank (61) according to the requirement, and ensure that the pH value and the conductivity of the biological water reach the standard;
the spraying system (4) consists of a high-pressure spraying pump (40), a horizontal water main (41), a plurality of vertical water distribution pipes (42), a plurality of high-pressure atomizing nozzles (43) and a plurality of support connecting rods (44); each high-pressure atomizing nozzle (43) positioned at the outer side of the left three-dimensional biological filter wall (64) atomizes biological water through the high-pressure nozzle and disperses the biological water on the three-dimensional biological filter wall (64), the atomized biological water quickly soaks each filter mesh sheet in the whole three-dimensional biological filter wall (64), the biological water flows into the biological water tank (61) along the filter mesh wall under the action of gravity, is conveyed to the high-pressure atomizing nozzle (43) by the high-pressure atomizing pump (40) and then is sprayed on the three-dimensional biological filter wall (64), and the circulation is carried out;
the dripping system (5) consists of a dripping pump (50), a water main (51), a water distribution pipe (52) and a plurality of dripping pipes (53); each dripping pipe (53) positioned at the top end of the right three-dimensional biological filter wall (64) drips the biological water conveyed by the dripping pump (50) on the three-dimensional biological filter wall (64), the dripped biological water quickly wets each filter mesh in the whole three-dimensional biological filter wall (64), flows into the biological water tank (61) along the filter mesh wall under the action of gravity, is conveyed to the dripping pipe (53) by the dripping pump (50), is dripped on the three-dimensional biological filter wall (64), and circulates in this way;
the biological deodorization filter wall (6) consists of a biological water tank (61), a biological filter wall shell (62), a biological filter wall fixing frame (63) and a plurality of three-dimensional biological filter walls (64); the three-dimensional biological filter wall (64) is formed by stacking a plurality of filter meshes; biological water is sprayed on the left three-dimensional biological filter wall (64) through the left spraying system (4), the biological water conveyed by the dripping pump (50) is uniformly dripped on the three-dimensional biological filter wall (64) through each dripping pipe (53) positioned at the top end of the right three-dimensional biological filter wall (64), and each filter mesh in the whole three-dimensional biological filter wall (64) is quickly soaked by the dripped biological water to form two breathable filter walls; the air speed of the odor air flow which is extracted from the livestock and poultry house by the high-power fan (1) is reduced when the odor air flow passes through the deodorization buffer room (2), and when the odor air flow passes through the left and right two three-dimensional biological filter walls (64) of the biological deodorization filter wall (6) at a low speed, the odor is sprayed by biological water and then the humidity is increased, and most dust can be absorbed by the sprayed water and subsided into a biological water tank; the humidified odor continues to move forward and enters a three-dimensional biological filter wall (64), the three-dimensional biological filter wall (64) has the function of increasing the contact area of the water film on the surface of the gas filter screen, gas molecules are absorbed by liquid after impacting the water film, and water flow flows back to the biological water tank (61) along the three-dimensional biological filter wall (64) under the action of gravity, so that the purpose of odor purification and deodorization is realized;
the deodorization process of the biological deodorization filter wall (6) is mainly divided into the following stages:
the first stage is as follows: in the gas-liquid diffusion stage, pollutants in the odor are transferred from a gas phase to a liquid phase through a gas-liquid interface of the filler;
and a second stage: in the liquid-solid diffusion stage, malodorous substances diffuse to the surface of a microbial film, odor molecules in the waste gas diffuse to the biological film (solid phase) of the biological filler from a liquid phase, and pollutants are adsorbed and absorbed by microbes;
and a third stage: in the biological oxidation stage, the microorganisms oxidize and decompose the malodorous substances, and the microorganisms in the biological film formed on the surface of the biological filler oxidize the odor molecules, and simultaneously the biological film can cause the diffusion and absorption of nutrient substances such as nitrogen or phosphorus and oxygen;
through the three stages, the malodorous substances are degraded by the metabolic activity of microorganisms, and the malodorous substances are oxidized into final products, namely, sulfur-containing malodorous substances are decomposed into S, SO3 2-And SO4 2-(ii) a The malodorous substances containing nitrogen are decomposed into NH4 +、NO3 -And NO2 -(ii) a The malodorous substances without sulfur or nitrogen are decomposed into CO2And H2O, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying peculiar smell; the main reaction equation is as follows:
various microorganisms are required to participate in the oxidation process of the malodorous substances, and different microorganisms are required in different oxidation stages of the same malodorous substance; for example, oxidation of sulfur-containing species: when the malodorous gas is H2When S is used, the obligate autotrophic sulfur oxidizing bacteria can react with H under certain conditions2S is oxidized into sulfate radical; when the malodorous gas is organic sulfur such as methyl mercaptan, the oxygen-conductive microorganisms are first required to convert the organic sulfur into H2S, then H2S is converted into sulfate radical by autotrophic microorganisms; if the malodorous gas is ammonia, the ammonia is firstly dissolved in water and then is converted into nitrate through the nitrification of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, nitrosobacteria and nitrobacteria under the aerobic condition, and the nitrate is reduced into nitrogen by the nitrate reducing bacteria under the facultative anaerobic condition;
the water replenishing system (7) consists of a biological water tank (70), a water replenishing pump (71), a water replenishing pipe (72) and a valve (73);
the sewage discharge system (8) consists of a sewage discharge pump (80), a sewage discharge pipe (81) and a sewage discharge pipeline (82);
the detection control system (9) is composed of a conductivity probe (91), a pH value probe (92), a liquid level probe (93), a plurality of signal lines (94), a PC computer (95), a conductivity controller (96), a pH value controller (97), a liquid level controller (98), a sewage pump switch 1k (99), a dripping pump switch 2k (100), a high-pressure spray pump switch 3k (101), a water supplementing pump switch 4k (102) and a dosing pump switch 5k (103);
when the liquid level probe (93) detects that the water level exceeds the lower limit, the computer immediately starts the biological water replenishing system (7) to replenish water, and when the liquid level reaches the upper limit of the liquid level, the biological water replenishing system (7) stops; when the conductivity probe (91) and the pH value probe (92) detect that the pH value and the conductivity of the biological water are changed, the computer immediately starts the dosing system (3) to dose until the two indexes are restored to the standard values, and then the dosing system (3) is closed; when the biological sludge in the biological water tank (61) is detected to reach a specified limit value, the computer starts a sewage system (8) and discharges the biological sludge to a sludge pipeline.
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