CN112540144A - Coal fire spatial evolution process similarity simulation test device and test method - Google Patents
Coal fire spatial evolution process similarity simulation test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coal fire spatial evolution process similarity simulation test device and a test method, and relates to the technical field of coal fire combustion process similarity simulation tests; the device comprises a similar simulation test bed, a heating and warming system, geological radar equipment and a data acquisition and analysis system; the similar simulation test bed comprises a coal stratum similar material, the coal stratum similar material is connected with the heating and warming system, the geological radar equipment is installed at the top of the coal stratum similar material, and the data acquisition and analysis system is arranged on one side of the similar simulation test bed. The test method based on the device can simulate the fire occurrence process of the coal field and detect the spatial evolution process and temperature change data of the fire zone of the coal field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal fire combustion process similarity simulation tests, in particular to a coal fire spatial evolution process similarity simulation test device and a coal fire spatial evolution process similarity simulation test method.
Background
The coal field fire refers to a large-area coal combustion phenomenon that an underground coal seam is ignited due to natural or artificial factors and gradually develops along the coal seam, and causes serious harm to coal resources and the surrounding environment, and is also called underground coal fire. Coal field fire seriously harms the safety production of coal mine enterprises, and causes great loss to coal resources. The existence of coal field fires also causes a number of environmental and ecological problems, and related technical measures must be taken to detect coal field fires.
The coal fire detection technology mainly comprises a remote sensing detection technology, a magnetic detection technology, a resistivity detection technology, a natural potential method detection technology, a radon measuring method detection technology, a transient electromagnetic detection technology, a direct temperature measurement technology, a gas detection technology and the like. In the remote sensing detection technology, because the resolution of the image is not high enough, the background field of the remote sensing image cannot be accurately corrected, fine detection cannot be realized, and the detection of underground deep coal fire is difficult; in the direct temperature measurement technology, instruments such as a thermocouple, an infrared thermometer and the like are adopted to directly measure the temperature in the earth surface or coal seam drilled hole, but the problems of large workload, long time, more investment and the like exist; the magnetic method has low detection depth and resolution and can only circle the distribution range of the fire zone; the radon measuring method detection technology and the gas detection technology are greatly influenced by the geological structure of the coal bed rock stratum, the fracture has large influence on gas flow, and the reliability is poor; the detection depth of the resistivity detection technology is limited, and the resistivity detection technology is greatly interfered by surrounding electrical appliances; the transient electromagnetic detection technology has poor anti-interference capability, detection is mainly carried out by the construction of the earth surface of a coal mine, and accurate positioning cannot be realized for the detection of a goaf close to a coal seam group; the natural potential method detection technology is suitable for detecting coal seams with shallow exposure or burial coal fire, and the combustion depth and degree of a fire zone cannot be quantitatively inferred.
Most of the coal fire detection methods are indirect detection methods, the test effect can be ensured only after the coal fire is extinguished, and the direct detection method in the coal fire generation process has higher practicability. At present, the research on the spatial development rule in the coal-fire combustion process is less.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coal fire spatial evolution process similarity simulation test device and a test method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, can directly detect coal fire in the process of generating the coal fire, and have high practicability and good detection effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a coal fire space evolution process analog simulation test device, which comprises an analog simulation test bench, a heating and warming system, geological radar equipment and a data acquisition and analysis system, wherein the analog simulation test bench is used for carrying out analog simulation on coal fire space evolution processes; the similar simulation test bed comprises a coal stratum similar material, the coal stratum similar material is connected with the heating and warming system, the geological radar equipment is installed at the top of the coal stratum similar material, and the data acquisition and analysis system is arranged on one side of the similar simulation test bed.
Optionally, the analog simulation test bed further comprises a base, a model frame, a baffle plate and a beam clamp; the base is horizontally placed on the ground of a laboratory, and the two model frames are fixedly and symmetrically arranged on the base; the baffle plates are fixedly arranged on two sides of the two model frames through the beam clamp; the coal and rock stratum similar materials are fixedly overlapped and arranged between the baffle plates positioned on the two sides of the model frame; the base is a cement board with the size of 3m multiplied by 1m multiplied by 0.1m (length multiplied by width multiplied by height); the sizes of the model frames are 0.25m multiplied by 1.5m (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), and the two model frames are positioned in the center line of the base and are separated by 2 m.
Optionally, the coal-rock similar material comprises a rock stratum similar material and a coal bed similar material which are sequentially stacked; the rock stratum similar material comprises aggregate and sizing material which are mixed in proportion, wherein the aggregate is sand, and the sizing material is gypsum and lime; the coal bed similar material adopts real coal.
Optionally, the baffles are channel steel plates, and a plurality of baffles are sequentially stacked up and down on two sides of the model frame; the beam clamp is made of steel and is adjusted to be 0.2-0.4 m, the beam clamp is clamped at the end portions of the model frame and the baffle, and the end portions of the model frame and the baffle can be clamped and fixedly connected through the beam clamp.
Optionally, the heating system comprises a temperature control device and a heating rod, and the heating rod is located in the similar material of the coal seam; the temperature control device is electrically connected with the heating rod, and the temperature control device can control the temperature of the heating rod.
Optionally, the geological radar equipment comprises a shielding antenna, a host, a connecting line and geological radar software, wherein the shielding antenna is located above the similar materials of the coal rock stratum; the shielding antenna is connected with the host through a connecting wire. And pulling the shielding antenna to acquire data information, processing the data information by using geological radar software to obtain an image, and detecting the integral model by using geological radar equipment to obtain a radar image of the electromagnetic wave on the coal and rock layer similar material.
Optionally, the data acquisition and analysis system includes a total station and a thermal imager, and the total station and the thermal imager are located on one side of the analog simulation test bed; the total station is used for observing and recording deformation parameters of the similar model, acquiring movement parameters of each displacement observation point of the similar materials of the coal rock stratum, and calculating displacement data of each layer of the similar materials; the thermal imaging instrument is used for collecting temperature parameters of similar materials of the coal rock stratum.
Optionally, the beam clamp comprises a fixed clamping plate, a movable clamping plate, a bolt and adjusting holes uniformly formed in the beam clamp body; the fixed clamping plate is fixedly and vertically arranged at one end of the beam clamp main body, the movable clamping plate is arranged on the beam clamp main body in a sliding mode, the bolt is inserted into the adjusting hole, and the bolt can limit the sliding range of the movable clamping plate.
The invention also provides a coal fire space evolution process similarity simulation test method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the similar simulation test principle and the geological data of the original coal field fire area, solving a geometric similarity constant, a motion similarity constant and a stress similarity constant, designing parameters of each rock stratum of a similar test model according to the similarity constants, and calculating the proportioning proportion of each rock stratum;
step 2: the method comprises the following steps that baffles are sequentially arranged on two sides of a model frame and fixed by beam clamps, sand, gypsum, lime and water are stirred and uniformly mixed according to the calculated required amount of rock stratum simulation materials, the mixture is filled between a front baffle and a rear baffle and the model frame and tamped, a layer of mica is scattered between the layers of materials to simulate a layer surface, the simulation materials are aired and then filled with the next layer of simulation materials, all the coal stratum simulation materials are aired and then taken down, the beam clamps and the front and rear baffles are arranged in front of the simulation materials, displacement observation points are arranged in front of the simulation materials, and radar measuring lines and distance marking points are arranged on the simulation materials;
and step 3: the heating rod is used for heating and igniting the coal seam, and the heating rod is controlled by using a temperature control device according to the time similarity principle, so that the effect of controlling the combustion speed of the coal seam is achieved;
and 4, step 4: selecting a shielding antenna with 900MHz frequency to be connected with a host through a connecting wire, setting radar test parameters, enabling the shielding antenna to walk in a reciprocating mode according to a radar measuring line, marking when the shielding antenna passes through a distance marking point, and obtaining a geological radar signal corresponding to a coal petrography layer;
and 5: collecting temperature parameters of the coal and rock stratum similar materials through a thermal imager;
step 6: acquiring movement parameters of observation points of the similar materials of the coal rock layer through a total station, and calculating displacement data of the similar materials of each layer;
and 7: and comparing the similar material displacement data obtained by the total station with the spatial characteristics obtained by the geological radar map, and verifying the effect of the geological radar detection coal-fire spatial evolution process similarity simulation test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the similar simulation test device for detecting coal fire by the geological radar is low in price, can simulate the fire occurrence process of a coal field, and detects the spatial evolution process and temperature change data of a coal field fire area; the method can be used for detecting the coal fire with the same temperature, and can also be used for detecting the spatial characteristics formed by the coal fire with different temperatures by adopting a controlled variable method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a similar simulation test bed structure for mounting baffles according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an elevation view of a coal seam-like material provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a coal seam-like material provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a baffle structure provided by the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a beam clamp structure provided by the present invention.
In the figure: 100-a coal fire spatial evolution process analog simulation test device; 1-a similar simulation test bench; 11-a base; 12-a model frame; 13-coal bed like materials; 131-formation-like modeling material; 132-coal seam simulation material; 14-a baffle; 15-beam clamp; 151-fixation of the splint; 152-a movable splint; 153-a latch; 154-a regulating hole; 155-beam clamp body; 16-displacement observation points; 2-heating a temperature rising device; 21-heating rod; 22-temperature control means; 3-a geological radar apparatus; 31-a shielded antenna; 32-a host; 33-connecting lines; 34-distance punctuation; 35-measuring line; 4-a data acquisition and analysis system; 41-a total station; 42-thermal imager.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a coal fire spatial evolution process similarity simulation test device and a test method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, can directly detect coal fire in the process of generating the coal fire, and have high practicability and good detection effect.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example one
The coal fire space evolution process simulation test device provided by the embodiment comprises a simulation test bench 1, a heating and warming system 2, geological radar equipment 3 and a data acquisition and analysis system 4 as shown in fig. 1-6. The simulation test bench 1 includes a base 11, a model frame 12, a coal strata-like material 13, a baffle 14, and a beam clamp 15. The base 11 is a cement board with the size of 3m multiplied by 1m multiplied by 0.1m (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), and is horizontally placed on the ground of a laboratory, the size of the model frame 12 is 0.25m multiplied by 1.5m (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), and the two model frames 12 are positioned in the center line of the base 11 and are separated by 2 m. The rock stratum similar material 131 is formed by proportionally mixing aggregate and sizing material, wherein the aggregate is sand, and the sizing material is gypsum and lime. The coal bed-like material 132 is selected from real coal. And (4) solving a geometric similarity constant, a motion similarity constant and a stress similarity constant according to the stratum data of the simulated coal field fire area and the test bench data. And designing parameters of each rock stratum of the similar test model according to the similar constants, selecting a proper proportioning proportion, and further calculating the material consumption of each rock stratum.
According to the calculated required amount of the rock stratum simulation material, sand, gypsum, lime and water are stirred and mixed uniformly, filled between the front and rear baffles 14 and the model frame 12 and tamped. And a layer of mica is scattered among the layers of the materials to simulate the bedding surface, the simulated materials of the layer are aired and then filled with the next layer of simulated materials, all the coal strata simulated materials 13 are aired, the beam clamp 15 and the baffle plates 14 on the front side and the rear side are taken down, and the height of the coal strata simulated materials 13 is 1.2 m. Displacement observation points 16 are arranged in front of the coal rock layer simulation material 13, the displacement observation points 16 are spaced by 0.2m from left to right, and the number of the displacement observation points is 9, wherein the displacement observation points are 5. And 9 distance marked points 34 and radar measuring lines 35 are arranged on the rock stratum simulation material 131, wherein the measuring lines 35 are positioned in the middle of the upper surface of the rock stratum simulation material 131, and the distance marked points 34 are spaced by 0.2 m.
The heating and temperature rising system 2 comprises a temperature control device 22 and a heating rod 21, wherein the heating rod 21 is positioned in a coal seam similar material 132. The heating rod 21 is used for heating and igniting the coal seam, and the temperature control device 22 is used for controlling the temperature of the heating rod 21 according to the time similarity principle, so that the effect of controlling the combustion speed of the coal seam is achieved. The geological radar device 3 comprises a shielding antenna 31, a host 32, a connecting wire 33 and geological radar software, wherein the shielding antenna 31 is positioned above the coal strata similar material 13. Selecting a shielding antenna 31 with 900MHz frequency to be connected with a host 32 through a connecting wire 33, setting radar test parameters, enabling the shielding antenna 31 to reciprocate according to a radar measuring wire 35, marking when passing through a distance marking point 34, and obtaining a geological radar signal corresponding to a coal petrography layer; the geological radar detection belongs to a direct detection technology, can accurately detect different geological structures such as cracks, holes, faults and the like, is not restricted by geological conditions, is not influenced by air flow, and has high accuracy. The data acquisition and analysis system 4 comprises a total station 41 and a thermal imaging camera 42, and the total station 41 and the thermal imaging camera 42 are positioned at fixed positions in front of the analog simulation test bench 1. The total station 41 is used for observing and recording deformation parameters of the similar model, collecting movement parameters of the displacement observation points 16 of the coal-rock layer similar materials 13, and calculating displacement data of each layer of similar materials. Temperature parameters of the coal-formation-like material are collected by the thermal imager 42.
The embodiment also provides a coal fire space evolution process simulation test method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the similar simulation test principle and the geological data of the original coal field fire area, solving a geometric similarity constant, a motion similarity constant and a stress similarity constant, designing parameters of each rock stratum of a similar test model according to the similarity constants, and calculating the proportioning proportion of each rock stratum;
step 2: installing baffles on two sides of a model frame in sequence and fixing the baffles by using beam clamps 15, stirring and mixing sand, gypsum, lime and water uniformly according to the calculated required amount of the rock stratum simulation material, filling the mixture between a front baffle plate 14 and a rear baffle plate 14 and the model frame 12 and tamping the mixture, scattering a layer of mica between the layers of materials for simulating a layer surface, filling the next layer of simulation material after the simulation material is dried, taking down the beam clamps 15 and the baffle plates 14 on the front side and the rear side after all the coal stratum simulation material is dried, arranging displacement observation points in front of the simulation material, and arranging radar measuring lines and distance marking points on the simulation material;
and step 3: the heating rod 21 is used for heating and igniting the coal seam, and the temperature control device 22 is used for controlling the heating rod 21 according to the time similarity principle, so that the effect of controlling the combustion speed of the coal seam is achieved;
and 4, step 4: selecting a shielding antenna 31 with 900MHz frequency to be connected with a host 32 through a connecting wire 33, setting radar test parameters, enabling the shielding antenna 31 to reciprocate according to a radar measuring line, marking when passing through a distance marking point, and obtaining a geological radar signal corresponding to a coal petrography layer;
and 5: acquiring temperature parameters of the coal and rock stratum similar materials through a thermal imaging instrument 42;
step 6: collecting the movement parameters of each observation point of the coal and rock layer similar material 13 through a total station 41, and calculating the displacement data of each layer of similar material;
and 7: and comparing the similar material displacement data obtained by the total station 41 with the spatial characteristics obtained by the geological radar map, and verifying the effect of the geological radar detection coal-fire spatial evolution process similarity simulation test.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a coal fire space evolution process analogue simulation test device which characterized in that: the system comprises a similar simulation test bed, a heating and warming system, geological radar equipment and a data acquisition and analysis system; the similar simulation test bed comprises a coal stratum similar material, the coal stratum similar material is connected with the heating and warming system, the geological radar equipment is installed at the top of the coal stratum similar material, and the data acquisition and analysis system is arranged on one side of the similar simulation test bed.
2. The coal fire space evolution process simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the similar simulation test bench also comprises a base, a model frame, a baffle and a beam clamp; the base is horizontally placed on the ground of a laboratory, and the two model frames are fixedly and symmetrically arranged on the base; the baffle plates are fixedly arranged on two sides of the two model frames through the beam clamp; the coal and rock stratum similar materials are fixedly and superposedly arranged between the baffle plates positioned on the two sides of the model frame.
3. The coal fire space evolution process simulation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the coal-rock similar material comprises a rock stratum similar material and a coal bed similar material which are sequentially overlapped; the rock stratum similar material comprises aggregate and sizing material which are mixed in proportion, wherein the aggregate is sand, and the sizing material is gypsum and lime; the coal bed similar material adopts real coal.
4. The coal fire space evolution process simulation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the baffle plates are groove-shaped steel plates, and a plurality of baffle plates are sequentially overlapped up and down and arranged on two sides of the model frame; the beam clamp is made of steel and is adjusted to be 0.2-0.4 m, the beam clamp is clamped at the end portions of the model frame and the baffle, and the end portions of the model frame and the baffle can be clamped and fixedly connected through the beam clamp.
5. The coal fire space evolution process simulation test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the heating and warming system comprises a temperature control device and a heating rod, and the heating rod is positioned in the similar material of the coal bed; the temperature control device is electrically connected with the heating rod, and the temperature control device can control the temperature of the heating rod.
6. The coal fire space evolution process simulation test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the geological radar equipment comprises a shielding antenna, a host, a connecting wire and geological radar software, wherein the shielding antenna is positioned above the similar materials of the coal rock stratum; the shielding antenna is connected with the host through a connecting wire.
7. The coal fire space evolution process simulation test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the data acquisition and analysis system comprises a total station and a thermal imager, wherein the total station and the thermal imager are positioned on one side of the analog simulation test bed; the total station is used for observing and recording deformation parameters of the similar model, acquiring movement parameters of each displacement observation point of the similar materials of the coal rock stratum, and calculating displacement data of each layer of the similar materials; the thermal imaging instrument is used for collecting temperature parameters of similar materials of the coal rock stratum.
8. The coal fire space evolution process simulation test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the beam clamp comprises a fixed clamping plate, a movable clamping plate, a bolt and adjusting holes which are uniformly formed in a beam clamp body; the fixed clamping plate is fixedly and vertically arranged at one end of the beam clamp main body, the movable clamping plate is arranged on the beam clamp main body in a sliding mode, the bolt is inserted into the adjusting hole, and the bolt can limit the sliding range of the movable clamping plate.
9. A coal fire space evolution process similarity simulation test method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the similar simulation test principle and the geological data of the original coal field fire area, solving a geometric similarity constant, a motion similarity constant and a stress similarity constant, designing parameters of each rock stratum of a similar test model according to the similarity constants, and calculating the proportioning proportion of each rock stratum;
step 2: the method comprises the following steps that baffles are sequentially arranged on two sides of a model frame and fixed by beam clamps, sand, gypsum, lime and water are stirred and uniformly mixed according to the calculated required amount of rock stratum simulation materials, the mixture is filled between a front baffle and a rear baffle and the model frame and tamped, a layer of mica is scattered between the layers of materials to simulate a layer surface, the simulation materials are aired and then filled with the next layer of simulation materials, all the coal stratum simulation materials are aired and then taken down, the beam clamps and the front and rear baffles are arranged in front of the simulation materials, displacement observation points are arranged in front of the simulation materials, and radar measuring lines and distance marking points are arranged on the simulation materials;
and step 3: the heating rod is used for heating and igniting the coal seam, and the heating rod is controlled by using a temperature control device according to the time similarity principle, so that the effect of controlling the combustion speed of the coal seam is achieved;
and 4, step 4: selecting a shielding antenna with 900MHz frequency to be connected with a host through a connecting wire, setting radar test parameters, enabling the shielding antenna to walk in a reciprocating mode according to a radar measuring line, marking when the shielding antenna passes through a distance marking point, and obtaining a geological radar signal corresponding to a coal petrography layer;
and 5: collecting temperature parameters of the coal and rock stratum similar materials through a thermal imager;
step 6: acquiring movement parameters of observation points of the similar materials of the coal rock layer through a total station, and calculating displacement data of the similar materials of each layer;
and 7: and comparing the similar material displacement data obtained by the total station with the spatial characteristics obtained by the geological radar map, and verifying the effect of the geological radar detection coal-fire spatial evolution process similarity simulation test.
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