CN112537937A - Antibacterial coarse aggregate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Antibacterial coarse aggregate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112537937A CN112537937A CN202110057180.7A CN202110057180A CN112537937A CN 112537937 A CN112537937 A CN 112537937A CN 202110057180 A CN202110057180 A CN 202110057180A CN 112537937 A CN112537937 A CN 112537937A
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- antibacterial agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/2092—Resistance against biological degradation
Abstract
The invention relates to an antibacterial coarse aggregate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the antibacterial coarse aggregate is composed of an aggregate substrate and an isolation layer; the aggregate matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-22 parts of cement, 0.8-2 parts of metakaolin, 40-68 parts of quartz sand, 0.1-0.15 part of basalt fiber, 0.02-0.04 part of antibacterial agent and 7.5-13 parts of deionized water; the isolation layer is arranged on the surface of the aggregate substrate. After the antibacterial coarse aggregate prepared by the method is doped into concrete, the number of active sites of the nano photocatalytic material in the concrete can be obviously increased, and the antibacterial performance of the concrete is improved; the nanometer photocatalytic material in the antibacterial coarse aggregate has good scour resistance and abrasion resistance, and ensures the stability and the durability of the antibacterial performance of the photocatalytic antibacterial concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to an antibacterial coarse aggregate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aggregate is a granular material which plays a role of a skeleton and a filling in mortar or concrete, and is one of building materials necessary for preparing the mortar or the concrete. Aggregates are generally classified into fine aggregates and coarse aggregates. The fine aggregate is river sand, lake sand and the like, and the coarse aggregate is broken stone, pebble and the like. Because the concrete is exposed to the air for a long time, bacteria are easy to exist in the surface layer or cracks of the concrete, and the concrete is corroded and damaged. In order to solve the problems, the existing solutions include spraying a bactericide, coating a bactericidal coating, photocatalytic sterilization, and the like. The photocatalytic sterilization effect is influenced by the properties of the nano photocatalytic material, the contact area with a light source, the composite effect among materials in concrete and other factors. At present, the common application mode is to directly mix the nano photocatalytic material in the cement paste or to physically adsorb the nano photocatalytic material on the surface of the coarse aggregate. Although some effect can be achieved, there are still many problems:
(1) the physical adsorption mode is mainly that the nano photocatalytic material is attached to the surface and the pores of the lightweight aggregate, and the nano photocatalytic material on the surface of the lightweight aggregate has poor scouring resistance and abrasion resistance, so that the loss of the nano photocatalytic material is easily caused; the nanometer photocatalytic materials attached to the interior of the lightweight aggregate are less and are distributed unevenly, and the antibacterial performance of the photocatalytic antibacterial concrete is seriously affected.
(2) At present, most of nano photocatalytic materials in concrete are directly doped into cement paste, and if the nano photocatalytic materials are only doped into the cement paste, the increase of the contact area of the nano photocatalytic materials and bacteria in the concrete is limited, so that the improvement of the photocatalytic antibacterial performance is hindered.
(3) Because the nano photocatalytic material is easy to adsorb and agglomerate, the nano photocatalytic material is directly doped into cement or sand and is difficult to be uniformly mixed with the cement and the sand. Even if the nano photocatalytic material is added after being uniformly dispersed in water, besides the fact that the dispersibility cannot be guaranteed, more nano photocatalytic materials remain on the inner wall or the bottom of the container, the material loss is more, large errors are generated on the doping amount of the nano photocatalytic materials, and the sterilization effect in the using process is influenced.
Therefore, in order to improve the light receiving area and the photocatalytic antibacterial performance of the nano photocatalytic material in concrete, it is necessary to design an antibacterial coarse aggregate and a preparation method thereof to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an antibacterial coarse aggregate and a preparation method thereof, which are used for improving the photocatalytic antibacterial performance of concrete and play a positive promoting role in popularization and application of photocatalytic antibacterial concrete.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an antibacterial coarse aggregate comprises an aggregate substrate and an isolation layer; the aggregate matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-22 parts of cement, 0.8-2 parts of metakaolin, 40-68 parts of quartz sand, 0.1-0.15 part of basalt fiber, 0.02-0.04 part of antibacterial agent and 7.5-13 parts of deionized water; the isolation layer is arranged on the surface of the aggregate matrix and is formed by attaching isolation powder on the surface of the aggregate matrix.
The isolation powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-1.5 parts of cement, 1-2 parts of hydrated lime and 0.5-1 part of mineral powder; the weight ratio of the aggregate matrix to the isolation powder is 1: 0.06-0.15.
The antibacterial agent comprises an antibacterial main material and an antibacterial auxiliary material; the antibacterial agent is prepared by simultaneously adding antibacterial main material and antibacterial auxiliary material in the volume ofV 1The method comprises the steps of ultrasonically dispersing tap water for 12-25 minutes, filtering to remove the tap water, and then ball-milling for 1.5-3.5 hours by using a ball mill to obtain the antibacterial agent.
The above-mentionedV 1=(50~300)V 2WhereinV 2Is the sum of the stacking volume of the antibacterial main material and the stacking volume of the antibacterial auxiliary material.
The antibacterial main material is the mass combination of nano titanium dioxide, nano graphite phase carbon nitride, nano zirconium dioxide and the like; the antibacterial auxiliary material is nano hexagonal boron nitride; the weight ratio of the antibacterial main material to the antibacterial auxiliary material is 1: 0.15-0.2.
The preparation method of the antibacterial coarse aggregate comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: will have a mass ofM 1The antibacterial agent is uniformly dispersed in the volume ofV 3Obtaining a modified solution from tap water; uniformly spraying the modified solutionPlacing the basalt fiber surface in an oven for heating and drying to enable the antibacterial agent to be attached to the basalt fiber surface, and obtaining modified fiber;
the above-mentionedM 1=(0.03~0.04)M 0WhereinM 0The mass of basalt fiber; the above-mentionedV 3=(30~100)V 4WhereinV 4Is made of massM 1The bulk volume of the antimicrobial agent;
step two: will have a mass ofM 2The antibacterial agent is divided into three parts which are marked as a first antibacterial agent, a second antibacterial agent and a third antibacterial agent; the above-mentionedM 2=M- M 1WhereinMIs the total mass of the antimicrobial;
step three: uniformly dispersing the first antimicrobial agent in a volume ofV 5Obtaining lubricating membrane liquid from tap water; the above-mentionedV 5=(0.4~0.85)V 6WhereinV 6The stacking volume of the quartz sand; stirring and washing the quartz sand for 5-8 minutes by using a stirring and washing barrel, then placing the quartz sand on a screen for airing for 25-40 minutes, and then placing the quartz sand in an oven for heating and drying; adding the dried quartz sand into the lubricating film liquid, stirring for 6-10 minutes, pouring into a tray, placing in an oven, heating and drying to enable the antibacterial agent to be attached to the surface of the quartz sand, and obtaining the film-attached quartz sand;
step four: adding the second antibacterial agent, cement and metakaolin into a stirrer, mixing and stirring for 2-4.5 minutes, sequentially adding the film-coated quartz sand and the modified fiber, and mixing and stirring for 2-3 minutes to obtain a composite mixture; then adding the third antibacterial agent into deionized water, and uniformly stirring and dispersing to obtain an antibacterial liquid; then pouring the antibacterial liquid into the composite mixture and stirring for 2-3.5 minutes to obtain antibacterial cement mortar;
step five: sequentially vibrating, extruding and forming and cutting the antibacterial cement mortar to obtain an aggregate matrix; uniformly spreading isolation powder on the surface of the aggregate substrate, wherein the isolation powder is adhered to the surface of the aggregate substrate to form an isolation layer, so that the aggregate substrates are prevented from being adhered to each other;
step six: placing the aggregate substrate attached with the isolation layer in the fifth step in a dry and ventilated place for 1.5-3 hours, and then placing the aggregate substrate in an environment with the temperature of 22-26 ℃ and the humidity of 85-92% for maintenance for not less than 7 days to obtain the antibacterial coarse aggregate.
The temperature of the oven is 65 ℃ or 105 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the antibacterial agent is respectively attached to the surfaces of basalt fibers and quartz sand, dispersed in cement and deionized water, and then the four are mixed to prepare the antibacterial coarse aggregate, so that the dispersion unevenness and material loss caused by single-mode doping are reduced, the dispersibility of the antibacterial agent is ensured, the exposure number of reactive active sites is ensured, and the aim of effective antibacterial is achieved.
2. According to the invention, the antibacterial agent is attached to the surface of the quartz sand to form a lubricating film, so that the antibacterial agent has good antibacterial and sterilizing effects on bacteria on the contact interface of cement and quartz sand; meanwhile, the antibacterial agent is attached to the surface of the basalt fiber, so that pores in an interface area of the basalt fiber and cement slurry can be filled, and the composite strength of the basalt fiber and the cement slurry is enhanced. In addition, the quartz sand is hard and has strong acid-base corrosion resistance; metakaolin can be hydrated with cement to improve the hydration degree of cement; both quartz sand and metakaolin can improve the bacterial erosion resistance of the aggregate.
3. The invention adopts the nano photocatalytic material as the antibacterial agent, which can not affect the durability of cement mortar and can play an antibacterial role for a long time; different nano photocatalytic materials are selected and mixed to serve as an antibacterial main material for ensuring the stability of antibacterial performance; meanwhile, under the matching of the antibacterial auxiliary materials, the uniform dispersion of the antibacterial main material in the cement mortar can be realized, and the antibacterial effect of the antibacterial coarse aggregate is improved.
4. After the antibacterial coarse aggregate prepared by the method is doped into concrete, the number of active sites of the nano photocatalytic material in the concrete can be obviously increased, and the antibacterial performance of the concrete is improved; the nanometer photocatalytic material in the antibacterial coarse aggregate has better scour resistance and abrasion resistance than the nanometer photocatalytic material directly doped into concrete or adsorbed on the surface of the aggregate, ensures the stability and the persistence of the antibacterial performance of the photocatalytic antibacterial concrete, and is beneficial to the large-scale popularization and application of the photocatalytic antibacterial concrete.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an antibacterial coarse aggregate and a preparation method thereof. In order to further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the embodiments.
The antibacterial coarse aggregate is composed of an aggregate substrate and an isolation layer; the aggregate matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-22 parts of cement, 0.8-2 parts of metakaolin, 40-68 parts of quartz sand, 0.1-0.15 part of basalt fiber, 0.02-0.04 part of antibacterial agent and 7.5-13 parts of deionized water; the isolation layer is arranged on the surface of the aggregate matrix, and isolation powder is attached to the surface of the aggregate matrix to form the isolation layer.
The isolation powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.6 part of cement, 1.2 parts of hydrated lime and 0.8 part of mineral powder; the weight ratio of the aggregate matrix to the isolation powder is 1: 0.08.
The antibacterial agent consists of an antibacterial main material and an antibacterial auxiliary material; the antibacterial agent is prepared by simultaneously adding antibacterial main material and antibacterial auxiliary material in the volume ofV 1The method comprises the steps of ultrasonically dispersing tap water for 12-25 minutes, filtering to remove the tap water, and then ball-milling for 1.5-3.5 hours by using a ball mill to obtain the antibacterial agent.
The above-mentionedV 1=(50~300)V 2WhereinV 2Is the sum of the stacking volume of the antibacterial main material and the stacking volume of the antibacterial auxiliary material.
The antibacterial main material is the mass combination of nano titanium dioxide, nano graphite phase carbon nitride, nano zirconium dioxide and the like; the antibacterial auxiliary material is nano hexagonal boron nitride; the weight ratio of the antibacterial main material to the antibacterial auxiliary material is 1: 0.16.
The preparation method of the antibacterial coarse aggregate comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: will have a mass ofM 1Uniformly dispersing the antibacterial agent in tap water to obtain a modified solution; uniformly spraying the modified solution on the surface of the basalt fiber, and placing the basalt fiber in a drying oven for heating and drying to ensure that the antibacterial agent is attached to the basalt fiberTo obtain modified fiber;
the above-mentionedM 1=(0.03~0.04)M 0WhereinM 0The mass of basalt fiber; the above-mentionedV 3=(30~100)V 4WhereinV 4Is made of massM 1The bulk volume of the antimicrobial agent;
step two: will have a mass ofM 2The antibacterial agent is divided into three parts which are marked as a first antibacterial agent, a second antibacterial agent and a third antibacterial agent; the above-mentionedM 2=M- M 1WhereinMIs the total mass of the antimicrobial;
step three: uniformly dispersing the first antimicrobial agent in a volume ofV 5Obtaining lubricating membrane liquid from tap water; the above-mentionedV 5=(0.4~0.85)V 6WhereinV 6The stacking volume of the quartz sand; stirring and washing the quartz sand for 5-8 minutes by using a stirring and washing barrel, then placing the quartz sand on a screen for airing for 25-40 minutes, and then placing the quartz sand in an oven for heating and drying; adding the dried quartz sand into the lubricating film liquid, stirring for 6-10 minutes, pouring into a tray, placing in an oven, heating and drying to enable the antibacterial agent to be attached to the surface of the quartz sand, and obtaining the film-attached quartz sand;
step four: adding the second antibacterial agent, cement and metakaolin into a stirrer, mixing and stirring for 2-4.5 minutes, sequentially adding the film-coated quartz sand and the modified fiber, and mixing and stirring for 2-3 minutes to obtain a composite mixture; then adding the third antibacterial agent into deionized water, and uniformly stirring and dispersing to obtain an antibacterial liquid; then pouring the antibacterial liquid into the composite mixture and stirring for 2-3.5 minutes to obtain antibacterial cement mortar;
step five: sequentially vibrating, extruding and forming and cutting the antibacterial cement mortar to obtain an aggregate matrix; uniformly spreading isolation powder on the surface of the aggregate substrate, wherein the isolation powder is adhered to the surface of the aggregate substrate to form an isolation layer, so that the aggregate substrates are prevented from being adhered to each other;
step six: placing the aggregate substrate attached with the isolation layer in the fifth step in a dry and ventilated place for 1.5-3 hours, and then placing the aggregate substrate in an environment with the temperature of 22-26 ℃ and the humidity of 85-92% for maintenance for not less than 7 days to obtain the antibacterial coarse aggregate.
The temperature of the oven is 65 ℃ or 105 ℃.
The shape of the antibacterial coarse aggregate is a pentagonal prism or a hexagonal prism. The vibration is to adopt a vibration table to vibrate and compact the antibacterial cement mortar; the extrusion molding is to extrude the antibacterial cement mortar after vibration compaction to form strip-shaped mortar through a prismatic mold with a pentagonal prism or a hexagonal prism in cross section shape; and the cutting is to cut the strip-shaped mortar into granular aggregate matrixes according to the size of the required antibacterial coarse aggregate.
The particle size of the quartz sand is 0.25-4.75 mm;
when the quartz sand is 0.4-0.85 times of the bulk, the antibacterial agent is favorably dispersed and attached, the heating and drying time can be shortened, and the stirring uniformity of the quartz sand in the lubricating film liquid is not influenced.
The cement is any one of portland cement, ordinary portland cement, slag portland cement and fly ash portland cement.
The temperature of the tap water and the temperature of the deionized water are both 22-28 ℃; the frequency adopted by ultrasonic dispersion is 18-26 kHz.
The length of the fiber is 0.5-0.85 times of the grain size of the antibacterial coarse aggregate.
Example 1:
in the embodiment, the aggregate matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16 parts of ordinary portland cement, 0.85 part of metakaolin, 46 parts of quartz sand, 0.1 part of basalt fiber, 0.02 part of antibacterial agent and 8.5 parts of deionized water. The particle size of the quartz sand is 0.25-4.75 mm.
The antibacterial main material is the mass combination of nano titanium dioxide, nano graphite phase carbon nitride, nano zirconium dioxide and the like; the antibacterial auxiliary material is nano hexagonal boron nitride; the weight ratio of the antibacterial main material to the antibacterial auxiliary material is 1: 0.16.
The antibacterial agent consists of an antibacterial main material and an antibacterial auxiliary material; the antibacterial agent is prepared by simultaneously adding antibacterial main material and antibacterial auxiliary material in the volume ofV 1Ultrasonic dispersing in tap water for 12-25 min (frequency of 18-26 kHz), and filtering to remove self-ionsAdding water, and then ball-milling for 1.5-3.5 hours by using a ball mill to obtain the antibacterial agent, wherein the antibacterial agent is prepared byV 1=100V 2WhereinV 2Is the sum of the stacking volume of the antibacterial main material and the stacking volume of the antibacterial auxiliary material.
In this example, the preparation method of the antibacterial coarse aggregate was performed as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: get the mass asM 1Uniformly dispersing the antibacterial agent in tap water to obtain a modified solution; uniformly spraying the modified solution on the surface of the basalt fiber, and placing the basalt fiber in a 65 ℃ oven for heating and drying to enable the antibacterial agent to be attached to the surface of the basalt fiber to obtain modified fiber; volume of tap water is massM 160 times the bulk volume of the antimicrobial;M 1is 0.03 times of the mass of basalt fiber.
Step two: will have a mass ofM 2The antibacterial agent is divided into three parts which are marked as a first antibacterial agent, a second antibacterial agent and a third antibacterial agent;M 2=M- M 1whereinMIs the total mass of the antimicrobial;
step three: uniformly dispersing a first antibacterial agent in tap water to obtain a lubricating membrane liquid; the volume of tap water is 0.5 times of the accumulation volume of the quartz sand; stirring and washing the quartz sand for 5 minutes by adopting a stirring and washing barrel, then placing the quartz sand on a mesh screen for airing for 30 minutes, and then placing the quartz sand in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for heating and drying; adding the dried quartz sand into the lubricating film liquid, stirring for 8 minutes, pouring into a tray, placing in a 65 ℃ oven, heating and drying to enable the antibacterial agent to be attached to the surface of the quartz sand, and obtaining the film-attached quartz sand;
step four: adding the second antibacterial agent, cement and metakaolin into a stirrer, mixing and stirring for 2 minutes, sequentially adding the film-coated quartz sand and the modified fiber, and mixing and stirring for 2.5 minutes to obtain a composite mixture; then adding the third antibacterial agent into deionized water, and uniformly stirring and dispersing to obtain an antibacterial liquid; then pouring the antibacterial liquid into the composite mixture and stirring for 2 minutes to obtain antibacterial cement mortar;
step five: sequentially vibrating, extruding and forming and cutting the antibacterial cement mortar to obtain an aggregate matrix; uniformly spreading isolation powder on the surface of the aggregate substrate, wherein the isolation powder is adhered to the surface of the aggregate substrate to form an isolation layer, so that the aggregate substrates are prevented from being adhered to each other;
the isolation powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.6 part of cement, 1.2 parts of hydrated lime and 0.8 part of mineral powder; the weight ratio of the aggregate matrix to the isolation powder is 1: 0.08.
Step six: and placing the aggregate substrate attached with the isolation layer in the fifth step in a dry and ventilated place for 2 hours, and then placing the aggregate substrate in an environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 90% for maintenance for not less than 7 days to obtain the antibacterial coarse aggregate.
The temperature of the tap water and the temperature of the deionized water are both 22-28 ℃;
the length of the fiber is 0.5-0.85 times of the grain size of the antibacterial coarse aggregate.
Example 2:
in the embodiment, the aggregate matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of ordinary portland cement, 0.95 part of metakaolin, 54 parts of quartz sand, 0.11 part of basalt fiber, 0.025 part of antibacterial agent and 9.5 parts of deionized water.
The method for producing the antibacterial coarse aggregate of this example is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3:
in the embodiment, the aggregate matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of ordinary portland cement, 1.5 parts of metakaolin, 60 parts of quartz sand, 0.13 part of basalt fiber, 0.035 part of antibacterial agent and 10.5 parts of deionized water.
The method for producing the antibacterial coarse aggregate of this example is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 1: the antibacterial agent contains no antibacterial adjuvant
In the comparative example, the aggregate matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of ordinary portland cement, 1.5 parts of metakaolin, 60 parts of quartz sand, 0.13 part of basalt fiber, 0.035 part of antibacterial agent and 10.5 parts of deionized water. The antibacterial agent is the equal mass combination of nano titanium dioxide, nano graphite phase carbon nitride and nano zirconium dioxide.
The preparation method of the antibacterial coarse aggregate of the comparative example is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 2: by incorporating antimicrobial agents in one way
In the comparative example, the aggregate matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of ordinary portland cement, 1.5 parts of metakaolin, 60 parts of quartz sand, 0.13 part of basalt fiber, 0.035 part of antibacterial agent and 10.5 parts of deionized water.
The antibacterial agent consists of an antibacterial main material and an antibacterial auxiliary material; the antibacterial main material is the mass combination of nano titanium dioxide, nano graphite phase carbon nitride, nano zirconium dioxide and the like; the antibacterial auxiliary material is nano hexagonal boron nitride; the weight ratio of the antibacterial main material to the antibacterial auxiliary material is 1: 0.16.
In this comparative example, the preparation method of the antibacterial coarse aggregate was carried out as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: adding the antibacterial agent, cement and metakaolin into a stirrer, mixing and stirring for 2 minutes, sequentially adding quartz sand and modified fiber, mixing and stirring for 2.5 minutes to obtain a composite mixture;
step two: then pouring deionized water into the composite mixture and stirring for 2 minutes to obtain antibacterial cement mortar;
step three: sequentially vibrating, extruding and forming and cutting the antibacterial cement mortar to obtain an aggregate matrix; uniformly spreading isolation powder on the surface of the aggregate substrate, wherein the isolation powder is adhered to the surface of the aggregate substrate to form an isolation layer, so that the aggregate substrates are prevented from being adhered to each other;
step four: and placing the aggregate substrate attached with the isolation layer in a dry and ventilated place for 2 hours, and then placing the aggregate substrate in an environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 90% for maintenance for not less than 7 days to obtain the antibacterial coarse aggregate.
The isolation powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.6 part of cement, 1.2 parts of hydrated lime and 0.8 part of mineral powder; the weight ratio of the aggregate matrix to the isolation powder is 1: 0.08.
Comparative example 3: does not contain an antibacterial agent
In the comparative example, the aggregate matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of ordinary portland cement, 1.5 parts of metakaolin, 60 parts of quartz sand, 0.13 part of basalt fiber and 10.5 parts of deionized water.
The preparation method of the coarse aggregate in the comparative example is carried out according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adding cement and metakaolin into a stirrer, mixing and stirring for 2 minutes, sequentially adding quartz sand and basalt fiber, mixing and stirring for 2.5 minutes, then adding deionized water, and stirring for 2 minutes to obtain antibacterial cement mortar;
step two: sequentially vibrating, extruding and forming and cutting the antibacterial cement mortar to obtain an aggregate matrix; uniformly spreading isolation powder on the surface of the aggregate substrate, wherein the isolation powder is adhered to the surface of the aggregate substrate to form an isolation layer, so that the aggregate substrates are prevented from being adhered to each other; the isolation powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.6 part of cement, 1.2 parts of hydrated lime and 0.8 part of mineral powder; the weight ratio of the aggregate matrix to the isolation powder is 1: 0.08.
Step three: and placing the aggregate substrate attached with the isolation layer in the fifth step in a dry and ventilated place for 2 hours, and then placing the aggregate substrate in an environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 90% for maintenance for not less than 7 days to obtain the coarse aggregate.
Determination of antibacterial Effect:
the antibacterial coarse aggregate was prepared according to the raw material ratios and preparation methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3. And (5) preparing and processing the antibacterial coarse aggregate to obtain a concrete test piece with the diameter of 10cm and the thickness of 3 cm. The concrete test piece comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of ordinary portland cement, 0.75 part of metakaolin, 54 parts of quartz sand, 110 parts of artificial coarse aggregate and 10.5 parts of tap water; the manufacturing method of the concrete test piece comprises the following steps: ordinary portland cement, quartz sand and artificial coarse aggregate are uniformly stirred, tap water is added to be mixed into concrete slurry, then the concrete slurry is poured into a mold to be vibrated and compacted, a concrete sample is obtained by cutting after 28 days of maintenance, and the photocatalytic efficiency is measured by taking the concrete sample.
In the test, staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli are used as test bacteria, and the antibacterial effect is measured. The surface of the test piece is disinfected by 75% ethanol solution, and then is washed and soaked by sterile distilled water to constant weight, and then is placed in an ultra-clean transparent box body with constant temperature and constant humidity at 32 ℃ for later use. Respectively taking 2mL of the solution with the concentration of 105The cfu/mL bacterial liquid is inoculated on the surface of each test piece, and a xenon lamp light source is placed right above the test piece for irradiation. Irradiating the sample inoculated with the bacterial liquid for 60mAfter in, counting by using a microscope, and judging the antibacterial rate of the test piece according to the percentage difference of the number of the concrete colonies prepared in the comparative example 2ν i ，ν i =(m-m i )/m×100%；mThe number of colonies after the light culture of comparative example 3;m i (i=1,2,3,4,5) represents the number of colonies after the light culture of the concrete prepared in example 1, example 2, example 3, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, respectively. The calculation results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can make equivalent changes and modifications within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An antibacterial coarse aggregate is characterized in that: the antibacterial coarse aggregate comprises an aggregate matrix and an isolation layer; the aggregate matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-22 parts of cement, 0.8-2 parts of metakaolin, 40-68 parts of quartz sand, 0.1-0.15 part of basalt fiber, 0.02-0.04 part of antibacterial agent and 7.5-13 parts of deionized water; the isolation layer is arranged on the surface of the aggregate matrix and is formed by attaching isolation powder on the surface of the aggregate matrix.
2. The antibacterial coarse aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the isolation powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-1.5 parts of cement, 1-2 parts of hydrated lime and 0.5-1 part of mineral powder; the weight ratio of the aggregate matrix to the isolation powder is 1: 0.06-0.15.
3. The antibacterial coarse aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the antibacterial agent comprises an antibacterial main material and an antibacterial auxiliary material; the antibacterial agent is prepared by adding an antibacterial main material and an antibacterial auxiliary material into tap water with the volume of 12-25 minutes, ultrasonically dispersing for 12-25 minutes, filtering to remove tap water, and then ball-milling for 1.5-3.5 hours by using a ball mill.
4. An antibacterial coarse aggregate according to claim 3, characterized in that: the above-mentionedV 1=(50~300)V 2WhereinV 2Is the sum of the stacking volume of the antibacterial main material and the stacking volume of the antibacterial auxiliary material.
5. An antibacterial coarse aggregate according to claim 3, characterized in that: the antibacterial main material is the mass combination of nano titanium dioxide, nano graphite phase carbon nitride, nano zirconium dioxide and the like; the antibacterial auxiliary material is nano hexagonal boron nitride; the weight ratio of the antibacterial main material to the antibacterial auxiliary material is 1: 0.15-0.2.
6. A method for preparing the antibacterial coarse aggregate according to claim 1, which comprises: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: will have a mass ofM 1The antibacterial agent is uniformly dispersed in the volume ofV 3Obtaining a modified solution from tap water; uniformly spraying the modified solution on the surface of the basalt fiber, and placing the basalt fiber in an oven for heating and drying to enable the antibacterial agent to be attached to the surface of the basalt fiber to obtain modified fiber;
the above-mentionedM 1=(0.03~0.04)M 0WhereinM 0The mass of basalt fiber; the above-mentionedV 3=(30~100)V 4WhereinV 4Is made of mass M 1The bulk volume of the antimicrobial agent;
step two: will have a mass ofM 2The antibacterial agent is divided into three parts which are marked as a first antibacterial agent, a second antibacterial agent and a third antibacterial agent; the above-mentionedM 2=M- M 1WhereinMIs the total mass of the antimicrobial;
step three: uniformly dispersing the first antimicrobial agent in a volume ofV 5Obtaining lubricating membrane liquid from tap water; the above-mentionedV 5=(0.4~0.85)V 6WhereinV 6The stacking volume of the quartz sand; stirring and washing the quartz sand for 5-8 minutes by using a stirring and washing barrel, then placing the quartz sand on a screen for airing for 25-40 minutes, and then placing the quartz sand in an oven for heating and drying; adding the dried quartz sand into the lubricating film liquid, stirring for 6-10 minutes, pouring into a tray, placing in an oven, heating and drying to enable the antibacterial agent to be attached to the surface of the quartz sand, and obtaining the film-attached quartz sand;
step four: adding the second antibacterial agent, cement and metakaolin into a stirrer, mixing and stirring for 2-4.5 minutes, sequentially adding the film-coated quartz sand and the modified fiber, and mixing and stirring for 2-3 minutes to obtain a composite mixture; then adding the third antibacterial agent into deionized water, and uniformly stirring and dispersing to obtain an antibacterial liquid; then pouring the antibacterial liquid into the composite mixture and stirring for 2-3.5 minutes to obtain antibacterial cement mortar;
step five: sequentially vibrating, extruding and forming and cutting the antibacterial cement mortar to obtain an aggregate matrix; uniformly spreading isolation powder on the surface of the aggregate substrate, wherein the isolation powder is adhered to the surface of the aggregate substrate to form an isolation layer, so that the aggregate substrates are prevented from being adhered to each other;
step six: placing the aggregate substrate attached with the isolation layer in the fifth step in a dry and ventilated place for 1.5-3 hours, and then placing the aggregate substrate in an environment with the temperature of 22-26 ℃ and the humidity of 85-92% for maintenance for not less than 7 days to obtain the antibacterial coarse aggregate.
7. The method for preparing according to claim 6, wherein the temperature of the oven is 65 ℃ or 105 ℃.
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