CN112536358A - Process and die device for creep age forming of complex variable-curvature component - Google Patents
Process and die device for creep age forming of complex variable-curvature component Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
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- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel process and a die device for creep age forming of a complex variable-curvature component. The novel process combining the traditional deep drawing forming process and the creep age forming technology is adopted, and a corresponding creep age forming device is designed to achieve the purpose of forming the complex variable-curvature component with high efficiency, high precision and high reliability. The method comprises the steps of firstly completing the forming of a complex variable-curvature component by using a traditional deep drawing process, then performing shape correction on the component by using a creep age forming process and a large forming die developed and designed after the component is subjected to solution treatment, and improving the mechanical property of the component through age hardening, so that the alloy component obtains higher forming precision and better mechanical property, and the shape property of the component has higher stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy creep age forming manufacturing, and particularly relates to a process and a die device for creep age forming of a complex variable-curvature component.
Background
The traditional method respectively adopts deep drawing forming, solution quenching and artificial aging to manufacture the melon-petal curvature-variable component so as to achieve the purpose of formability, although the mechanical property of the component can meet the requirement, the forming precision often cannot meet the tolerance requirement due to rebound, so that the subsequent manual hammering shape correction is needed, the time and the labor are wasted, and the precision stability is poor.
Creep age forming is an advanced sheet metal manufacturing technique with integrated formability, and usually adopts autoclave equipment to provide pressure and aging temperature. The forming process comprises three steps. The first stage is a loading stage, in which the aluminium alloy member which has undergone solution heat treatment but has not undergone deformation is placed on a forming die, and a vacuum is drawn between the member and the die, so that the workpiece is subjected to atmospheric pressure on its upper surface and is forced to deform so as to conform to the die profile. Typically aerospace components have a relatively small curvature and the strain induced in the component is largely elastic. If the component is difficult to deform due to high strength, an autoclave or a mechanical clamping device capable of providing high pressure can be used for enabling the component to be tightly attached to the surface of the mold; the second stage is creep aging stage, after the member and the mold are jointed, the whole mold device is placed into a high-temperature furnace, the member and the mold are heated to the aging temperature of the aluminum alloy, and the temperature is kept in the high-temperature furnace for a certain time, so that part of elastic strain in the frame is converted into creep strain, and the alloy is strengthened by precipitation of a precipitate phase; and the third stage is an unloading rebound stage, after the heat preservation time is finished, the temperature of the component is reduced to room temperature, the pressure on the upper surface of the component is released, the elastic stress generated in the loading stage of the component cannot be completely converted into creep strain, so that residual elastic stress exists, the residual elastic stress drives the component to rebound to a certain extent, and the shape of the final component is between the initial shape and the shape of the die.
The creep age forming technology can better form a component with simple curvature, and for a component with double curvature and more complex variable curvature, such as a melon petal component, the die sticking is difficult to realize due to the fact that the curvature difference of the component in different directions is large. On the one hand, work hardening of the material occurs during loading, which results in excessive resistance to bending in certain areas of greater curvature, making it difficult to apply the component by vacuum, making it impossible to apply the component completely even with the forming pressure provided by the autoclave, and thus making it difficult to predict spring-back and control the component forming accuracy. On the other hand, although the creep age forming process can simultaneously achieve the goal of component formability, if the curvature of the component is large and the chord height is too high, the vacuum bag is easily damaged in the vacuum-pumping process, and the whole process is further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a die device for creep age forming of a complex variable-curvature component, which has the characteristics of realizing efficient, high-precision and high-reliability forming of the complex variable-curvature component.
The invention also aims to provide a process for creep age forming the complex variable-curvature component.
The scheme adopted by the invention is that,
the mold device for creep age forming of the complex variable-curvature member comprises a mold frame, wherein a male mold and a female mold are sequentially arranged above the mold frame from top to bottom, and a pressure column is arranged at the central position above the male mold.
Four angles of the male die and the female die are provided with positioning holes, and internal threads are arranged in the positioning holes of the female die.
Be provided with the reference column in the locating hole, reference column diameter 30mm, long 80mm, reference column one end is provided with long 25 mm's screw thread, with the internal thread phase-match of die.
The thickness of the female die and the male die is set to be 20-25mm, and the large end and the small end of the female die and the male die are provided with a plurality of bolt holes.
The pressure column is 1100mm away from the large end boundary of the male die.
The bolt holes are sequentially provided with bolts, washers and locking nuts for fastening the die.
The diameter of the bolt hole is 30-50mm, and the height of the bolt is set to be 60-100 mm.
Lifting lugs with the same height are arranged at four corners of the male die.
The die carrier is formed by angle bisection 1#, 2#, 3# gusset and strengthening rib assembly welding, and the upper edge of 1#, 2#, 3# gusset laminates with the lower edge of die mutually, and the die carrier side is provided with a plurality of quad slit, and the die carrier is provided with a plurality of heat transfer through-holes with the die department of meeting.
A process for forming a complex variable-curvature component by creep aging adopts a die device for forming the complex variable-curvature component by creep aging, and comprises the following specific processing steps:
s1, establishing a creep age forming finite element geometric model. The method comprises the following steps that an initial blank geometric model is a drawing forming variable curvature component, based on an aluminum alloy material constitutive model, a target molded surface is used as an initial die molded surface, and creep aging springback compensation simulation is carried out by using finite element simulation software ABAQUS or MARC and the like to obtain the springback quantity of each grid node;
s2, using a springback compensation formula SP ═ δ according to the springback quantity of each node0-δi)/δ0Determining the coordinate value of the compensated corresponding node;
s3, adopting three-dimensional reverse software geographic design to reversely reconstruct the variable-curvature design molded surface after compensation;
s4, developing a creep aging sizing die device according to the design molded surface;
s5, obtaining a variable curvature component by adopting a drawing forming process;
s6, carrying out solution quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy member obtained in the step S5;
s7, positioning the component subjected to solution quenching in a forming area;
s8, pressing down a pressure column on the male die by using a press machine to enable the component to be tightly attached to the upper surface of the female die molded surface and the lower surface of the male die molded surface;
s9, after the die is attached, fastening the components by using bolts to prevent the components from sliding relatively;
s10, placing the whole device into an autoclave or a high-temperature furnace for creep aging treatment;
and S11, after the aging time reaches the preset time, cooling to room temperature, loosening the locking nut, and taking out the component.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a novel process combining the traditional deep drawing forming process and the creep age forming technology, and designs a corresponding creep age forming device to achieve the purpose of forming the complex variable-curvature component with high efficiency, high precision and high reliability. The method comprises the steps of firstly completing the forming of a complex variable-curvature component by using a traditional deep drawing process, then performing shape correction on the component by using a creep age forming process and a large forming die developed and designed after the component is subjected to solution treatment, and improving the mechanical property of the component through age hardening, so that the alloy component obtains higher forming precision and better mechanical property, and the shape property of the component has higher stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the design of the variable curvature die profile of the process and die set for creep aging forming of complex variable curvature components of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a creep age forming assembly of a process and a die assembly for creep age forming a complex variable curvature member according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view of the male mold and pressure column of a mold apparatus and process for creep age forming a complex variable curvature member according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a lifting lug of a die apparatus and a process for creep-age forming a complex variable curvature member according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross line of an angle bisector section and a female die molded surface of a process and a die device for creep aging forming of a complex variable curvature component according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a drawing of a mold frame assembly of a mold apparatus and a process for creep-age forming a complex variable curvature member according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a punch locating hole and bolt hole shape bitmap of a process and a die device for creep aging forming of a complex variable curvature component.
In the figure, the die comprises a die frame 1, a die frame 2, a male die 3, a female die 4, a pressure column 5, a positioning hole 6, a positioning column 7, a bolt hole 8, a bolt 9, a gasket 10, a locking nut 11, a lifting lug 12, a heat transfer through hole 13, a rib plate 14 and a reinforcing rib 14.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The utility model provides a mould device of complicated variable camber component of creep age forming, includes die carrier 1, and 1 top from the top down of die carrier has set gradually terrace die 2 and die 3, and the top central point of terrace die 2 puts and is provided with pressure column 4.
Four angles of the male die 2 and the female die 3 are provided with positioning holes 5, and internal threads are arranged in the positioning holes of the female die 3.
Be provided with reference column 6 in the locating hole 5, 6 diameters 30mm of reference column, long 80mm, 6 one end of reference column are provided with the screw thread of length 25mm, with the internal thread phase-match of die 3.
The thickness of the female die 3 and the male die 2 is set to be 20-25mm, and the large end and the small end of the female die 3 and the male die 2 are provided with a plurality of bolt holes 7.
The pressure column 4 is 1100mm away from the large end boundary of the male die 2.
And a bolt 8, a washer 9 and a locking nut 10 are sequentially arranged in the bolt hole 7 for fastening the die.
The diameter of the bolt hole 7 is 30-50mm, and the height of the bolt 8 is set to be 60-100 mm.
The four corners of the male die 2 are provided with lifting lugs 11 with the same height.
The die carrier 1 is formed by angle bisection 1#, 2#, 3# gusset 13 and strengthening rib 14 assembly welding, and the upper edge of 1#, 2#, 3# gusset 13 is laminated with the lower edge of die 3 mutually, and die carrier 1 side is provided with a plurality of quad slit, and die carrier 1 is provided with a plurality of heat transfer through-holes 12 with die 3 junction.
A process for forming a complex variable-curvature component by creep aging adopts a die device for forming the complex variable-curvature component by creep aging, and comprises the following specific processing steps:
s1, establishing a creep age forming finite element geometric model. The method comprises the following steps that an initial blank geometric model is a drawing forming variable curvature component, based on an aluminum alloy material constitutive model, a target molded surface is used as an initial die molded surface, and creep aging springback compensation simulation is carried out by using finite element simulation software ABAQUS or MARC and the like to obtain the springback quantity of each grid node;
s2, using a springback compensation formula SP ═ δ according to the springback quantity of each node0-δi)/δ0Determining the coordinate value of the compensated corresponding node;
s3, adopting three-dimensional reverse software geographic design to reversely reconstruct the variable-curvature design molded surface after compensation;
s4, developing a creep aging sizing die device according to the design molded surface;
s5, obtaining a variable curvature component by adopting a drawing forming process;
s6, carrying out solution quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy member obtained in the step S5;
s7, positioning the component subjected to solution quenching in a forming area;
s8, pressing down a pressure column on the male die by using a press machine to enable the component to be tightly attached to the upper surface of the female die molded surface and the lower surface of the male die molded surface;
s9, after the die is attached, fastening the components by using bolts to prevent the components from sliding relatively;
s10, placing the whole device into an autoclave or a high-temperature furnace for creep aging treatment;
and S11, after the aging time reaches the preset time, cooling to room temperature, loosening the locking nut, and taking out the component.
The whole variable curvature die device consists of a die frame, a female die, a male die, a bolt, a locking thread, a positioning column, a pressure column, a gasket and a lifting lug, and is shown in figure 2. In order to finally form the aluminum alloy member in a target area, the invention is provided with four positioning holes at corresponding positions of the concave-convex die, thereby realizing the accurate assembly of the concave-convex die and ensuring that the aluminum alloy drawing forming member falls in a specified forming area, as shown in figure 2. The diameter of the positioning column is 30mm, the length of the positioning column is 80mm, and a thread with the length of 25mm is turned at one end of the positioning column and used for being matched with the corresponding internal thread of the female die.
The material adopted by the mould surface is 45# steel and is subjected to quenching and tempering treatment, the hardness range is HRC30-35, so that the whole mould device can be welded and formed, and the material deformation is small at the aging temperature. The positioning bolt is made of 45# steel or die high-chromium steel, and is subjected to quenching and tempering, so that the wear resistance is improved. The thickness of the concave-convex die is set to be 20-25mm so as to better transfer heat and ensure that the temperature of the blank is uniform after the blank is heated, and when the concave-convex die is combined with the die, if the self weight of the male die is not enough to attach the blank to the upper surface of the concave surface, a hydraulic press can be used for transferring force to the male die through a pressure column so that a component is tightly attached to the molded surface of the concave-convex die, as shown in figure 2. The pressure column is positioned in the middle of the male die and is 1100mm away from the large end boundary, as shown in figure 3; the size end of the concave-convex die is provided with a plurality of bolt holes, so that locking nuts are adopted for fastening after the die is closed, and the phenomenon that the press rebounds after being unloaded to hurt people is prevented.
The complex curvature in the invention means that the curvatures in a plurality of directions are different, for example, in two directions X and Y which are perpendicular to each other, the member has different curvatures, and the curvature in each direction is changed along with the position, and specifically, the aluminum alloy member is a part of an ellipsoid. The mechanical property (yield strength) of the die material is greater than the yield strength of the blank component, for example, when the yield strength of the die material is less than or equal to that of the blank, the die is deformed excessively to influence the forming precision.
The diameters of the bolt holes and the positioning holes are 30-50mm, and the height of the fastening studs is set to be 60-100 mm.
The location and dimensions of the locating holes and bolt holes are shown in fig. 5.
The die carrier is formed by welding angle bisection 1#, 2#, 3# rib plates and reinforcing rib plates in an assembling mode, so that the die carrier is guaranteed to have high strength and rigidity, and large deformation is avoided during loading, as shown in fig. 5.
The geometric dimensions of the rib plates 1#, 2# and 3# used by the tailor-welded die frame 1 are obtained according to the intersecting line of the angle bisection section and the female die molded surface.
The die carrier 1 is formed by welding rib plates, and meanwhile, square holes are formed in the rib plates, so that the weight of the die is reduced. In the die set, the 1# rib plates and the 2# rib plates are symmetrically arranged by taking the 3# central plane as a mirror plane, the 1# rib plates, the 2# rib plates and the 3# rib plates are arranged at equal angles, the maximum angle is 43.6 degrees, and the angle is shown in fig. 7. The maximum angle can support the concave die to the maximum extent so as to ensure the stability of the die. The contact area of each rib plate and the lower surface of the concave surface is provided with through holes distributed at equal intervals so as to be tightly attached to the surface of the concave surface, and heat is easily transferred to the concave-convex die and the blank when heating is facilitated.
Lifting lugs with the same height are arranged at four corners of the die assembly and the male die, and the sizes of the lifting lugs are determined according to the weight of the whole die, the weight of the convex surface and relevant standards, as shown in fig. 4.
The invention provides a high-efficiency high-precision variable-curvature member design and manufacture method aiming at creep age forming of a large complex variable-curvature aluminum alloy member; specifically, the profile design of the concave-convex mould is determined by creep aging finite element simulation and considering the rebound amount. Establishing a geometric model on finite element software, taking the shape of the drawn member as an initial blank, taking a target profile as an initial die profile, setting mechanical property parameters of the member material, determining the springback compensation quantity of corresponding grid nodes by creep aging simulation, and determining the compensated die design profile by using a reverse reconstruction geometric model technology, as shown in figure 1.
And establishing a creep age forming finite element geometric model. The method comprises the following steps that an initial blank geometric model is a drawing forming variable curvature component, based on an aluminum alloy material constitutive model, a target molded surface is used as an initial die molded surface, and creep aging springback compensation simulation is carried out by using finite element simulation software ABAQUS or MARC and the like to obtain the springback quantity of each grid node; using a springback compensation formula SP ═ δ (δ) according to the springback amount of each node0-δi)/δ0Determining the coordinate value of the compensated corresponding node; a profile is designed by adopting a variable curvature after three-dimensional reverse reconstruction compensation by adopting a three-dimensional reverse software geographic design, and a flow chart is shown in figure 1; developing and designing a creep aging sizing die device according to the design molded surface; by pullingObtaining a variable curvature component by a deep forming process; carrying out solution quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy component; positioning the component after solution quenching in a forming area; pressing down a pressure column on the male die by using a press machine to enable the component to be tightly attached to the upper surface of the female die molded surface and the lower surface of the male die molded surface; after the die attaching is finished, fastening the components by using bolts to prevent the components from sliding relatively; putting the whole device into an autoclave or a high-temperature furnace for creep aging treatment; and after the aging time reaches the preset time, cooling to room temperature, loosening the locking nut, and taking out the component.
Claims (10)
1. The die device for forming the complex variable-curvature component through creep aging is characterized by comprising a die frame (1), wherein a male die (2) and a female die (3) are sequentially arranged above the die frame (1) from top to bottom, and a pressure column (4) is arranged at the center of the upper part of the male die (2).
2. The die device for creep age forming of a complex variable curvature component according to claim 1, wherein the four corners of the male die (2) and the female die (3) are provided with positioning holes (5), and internal threads are arranged in the positioning holes of the female die (3).
3. The die device for creep age forming of a complex variable curvature component according to claim 1, wherein a positioning column (6) is arranged in the positioning hole (5), the diameter of the positioning column (6) is 30mm, the length of the positioning column is 80mm, and a thread with the length of 25mm is arranged at one end of the positioning column (6) and is matched with the internal thread of the female die (3).
4. The die device for creep age forming of the complex variable curvature component according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the female die (3) and the male die (2) is set to be 20-25mm, and the large end and the small end of the female die (3) and the male die (2) are provided with a plurality of bolt holes (7).
5. The die set for creep age forming a complex variable curvature component according to claim 1, wherein the pressure column (4) is 1100mm from the large end boundary of the punch (2).
6. The die set for creep age forming of a complex variable curvature component according to claim 4, characterized in that the bolt hole (7) is provided with a bolt (8), a washer (9) and a lock nut (10) in sequence for fastening the die.
7. The die set for creep age forming a complex variable curvature component as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bolt hole (7) has a diameter of 30-50mm and the height of the bolt (8) is set to 60-100 mm.
8. The die set for creep age forming a complex variable curvature component according to claim 1, wherein the male die (2) is provided with lifting lugs (11) at four corners with uniform height.
9. The die device for creep age forming of the complex variable curvature member according to claim 1, wherein the die carrier (1) is formed by assembling and welding angle bisected 1#, 2#, 3# rib plates (13) and reinforcing ribs (14), the upper edges of the 1#, 2#, 3# rib plates (13) are attached to the lower edge of the female die (3), the side surface of the die carrier (1) is provided with a plurality of square holes, and the joint of the die carrier (1) and the female die (3) is provided with a plurality of heat transfer through holes (12).
10. The process for forming the complex variable-curvature component by creep aging is characterized in that a die device for forming the complex variable-curvature component by creep aging is adopted, and the specific processing steps are as follows:
s1, establishing a creep age forming finite element geometric model. The method comprises the following steps that an initial blank geometric model is a drawing forming variable curvature component, based on an aluminum alloy material constitutive model, a target molded surface is used as an initial die molded surface, and creep aging springback compensation simulation is carried out by using finite element simulation software ABAQUS or MARC and the like to obtain the springback quantity of each grid node;
s2, using a springback compensation formula SP ═ δ according to the springback quantity of each node0-δi)/δ0Determining the coordinate value of the compensated corresponding node;
s3, adopting three-dimensional reverse software geographic design to reversely reconstruct the variable-curvature design molded surface after compensation;
s4, developing a creep aging sizing die device according to the design molded surface;
s5, obtaining a variable curvature component by adopting a drawing forming process;
s6, carrying out solution quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy member obtained in the step S5;
s7, positioning the component subjected to solution quenching in a forming area;
s8, pressing down a pressure column on the male die by using a press machine to enable the component to be tightly attached to the upper surface of the female die molded surface and the lower surface of the male die molded surface;
s9, after the die is attached, fastening the components by using bolts to prevent the components from sliding relatively;
s10, placing the whole device into an autoclave or a high-temperature furnace for creep aging treatment;
and S11, after the aging time reaches the preset time, cooling to room temperature, loosening the locking nut, and taking out the component.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN113481446A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-10-08 | 中南大学 | Circulating pre-deformation method for improving creep age forming capability and performance of aluminum alloy |
| CN113510185A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-10-19 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Method for designing variable-profile die to form metal foil by utilizing equipotential lines |
| CN114818198A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-07-29 | 中南大学 | Creep aging forming die design method, forming die and forming method |
| CN116689568A (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-09-05 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Bending forming rebound control method for aluminum alloy pipe fitting |
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