CN112536057A - Carbon material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Carbon material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112536057A CN112536057A CN202011045379.XA CN202011045379A CN112536057A CN 112536057 A CN112536057 A CN 112536057A CN 202011045379 A CN202011045379 A CN 202011045379A CN 112536057 A CN112536057 A CN 112536057A
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- carbon
- silver
- carbon material
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- activated carbon
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical group [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 4
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- KZJPVUDYAMEDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F KZJPVUDYAMEDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 nano-silver modified carbon nitride Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007540 photo-reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013032 photocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032900 absorption of visible light Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical class O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanuric chloride Chemical compound ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007777 multifunctional material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/50—Silver
-
- B01J35/39—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
- B01J37/088—Decomposition of a metal salt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- C02F2101/22—Chromium or chromium compounds, e.g. chromates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/308—Dyes; Colorants; Fluorescent agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/34—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
Abstract
A carbon material and a preparation method and application thereof comprise the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of taking activated carbon as a carrier, soaking a silver precursor and a carbon nitride precursor onto the activated carbon by a wet method, wherein the molar ratio of the silver precursor to the carbon nitride precursor is 0.001-0.5, the molar ratio of the silver precursor to the activated carbon is 0.001-0.5, stirring the silver precursor and the carbon nitride precursor for 1h, adding the activated carbon, stirring for 12-24h, and calcining for 1-5h at 50-600 ℃ to obtain the nano carbon material. The carbon material has the functions of adsorbing, photocatalytic degrading heavy metal ions and organic matters, sterilizing and the like, and can realize efficient purification of drinking water. The nano carbon material has the advantages of reproducibility, long service life and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite photocatalyst materials, in particular to a carbon material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In the past decades, the quality of fresh water resources has decreased dramatically, resulting in a new threat to drinking water safety, and water purification is widely regarded as a practical solution to the increasingly serious problem of global water shortage. However, the conventional water purification process in water purification plants cannot completely remove organic pollutants, heavy metals and fungi from water. In the previous reports at home and abroad, the phenomenon that the content of pollutants in drinking water exceeds the standard and the like occurs when the pollution accidents of the water source and the water supply system of the drinking water occur, the health of a human body is threatened, and the safety of the drinking water still needs to be protected constantly. There is therefore a need to develop sustainable water purification technologies to cope with the increasing demand for clean water.
The patent CN 110252403A discloses a composite photocatalytic material, a preparation method and an application thereof, the composite photocatalytic material is characterized in that heteropoly acid is immobilized on SiC, and the advantages of good chemical stability and large specific surface area of SiC are utilized, so that the heteropoly acid can be effectively immobilized, and the loss of the heteropoly acid is prevented. However, the efficiency of degrading dye is not high, and only about 70 percent can be achieved within 5 hours. In addition, the material has no functions of sterilizing and degrading heavy metal ions.
Patent CN 109201104 a provides a preparation method of nano-silver modified carbon nitride microspheres, which is to mix cyanuric chloride, melamine, silver nitrate and acetonitrile to obtain a mixed solution; and standing the mixed solution for solvothermal reaction to obtain a solid product, and calcining to obtain the nano-silver modified carbon nitride microspheres. Although the preparation method has simple process and low cost, the organic solvent is used in the process, which is not economical and environment-friendly and is not easy for industrialized production. In addition, the prepared material has small specific surface area, poor adsorption effect on heavy metal ions and organic pollutants and short service life.
Patent CN 109718600A discloses a water purification activated carbon filter core material, which is prepared by compounding activated carbon, propylene glycol, sodium selenite, clay, modified bentonite, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate powder, attapulgite, potassium sulfate, nano titanium oxide, sodium polyphosphate and deionized water, and obtaining a high-efficiency filter core material through the synergistic effect of the raw materials. This patent uses multiple raw materials to obtain filter core material, and this material can not further realize degradation and antibiotic effect.
For the purification of drinking water, the prior art has higher catalytic efficiency on organic matters, but the preparation process is complex, or a large amount of organic reagents are added, so that the material cost is increased, the reaction process is complicated, and even pollution is generated. And the functionality is single, the service life is short, the regeneration is difficult, and the practical applicability is not strong.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a carbon material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the carbon material has the functions of adsorbing, photocatalytic degrading heavy metal ions and organic matters, sterilizing and the like, and can realize the efficient purification of drinking water. The nano carbon material has the advantages of reproducibility, long service life and the like.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for producing a carbon material, comprising the steps of: the method comprises the following steps of taking activated carbon as a carrier, soaking a silver precursor and a carbon nitride precursor onto the activated carbon by a wet method, wherein the molar ratio of the silver precursor to the carbon nitride precursor is 0.001-0.5, the molar ratio of the silver precursor to the activated carbon is 0.001-0.5, stirring the silver precursor and the carbon nitride precursor for 1h, adding the activated carbon, stirring for 12-24h, and calcining for 1-5h at 50-600 ℃ to obtain the nano carbon material.
Preferably, the activated carbon is wood chip activated carbon, shell activated carbon, coconut shell activated carbon or biomass activated carbon.
Preferably, the silver precursor is silver nitrate, silver trifluoroacetate or silver acetate.
Preferably, the carbon nitride precursor is urea, thiourea, melamine, dicyandiamide or cyanamide.
The silver loading in the nanocarbon material is 0.1 wt.% to 50 wt.%.
The carbon nitride loading in the nanocarbon material is 0.1 wt.% to 50 wt.%.
Preferably, the temperature of the calcination is 500 ℃ to 600 ℃.
The carbon material prepared by the preparation method.
The carbon material is used for purifying drinking water.
The carbon material is applied to the preparation of drinking water purification products.
Active carbon is taken as a carrier, carbon nitride and silver precursors are impregnated by a wet method, and a high-temperature pyrolysis method is combined to prepare the nano Ag-CN with the functions of adsorbing, photocatalytic degrading heavy metal ions and organic matters, sterilizing and the likexan/AC catalyst.
Has the advantages that: (1) the drinking water purification material has simple preparation process, and can not generate redundant waste liquid and secondary pollution; the water purification material can efficiently adsorb and degrade organic matters and resist bacteria, can be regenerated for use, realizes long-life utilization of the material, and overcomes the defects of short service life and the like of the existing purification material; (3) the active carbon is used as a carrier, has the functions of dispersing catalytic active components, adsorbing organic pollutants and heavy metal ions and the like, and has the functions of adsorption and photocatalysis to improve the purification efficiency; (4) the water purifying material can simultaneously carry out degradation of organic matters, reduction of heavy metals and antibiosis, and is a multifunctional material. (5) The metal silver used in the invention is one of relatively cheap metals, and has low cost. And the silver nano particles have strong sterilization capability and good sterilization durability. (6) The invention can purify water at room temperature by photocatalysis, is an economic, high-efficiency, low-energy-consumption and green technology, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a time-reaction efficiency curve diagram of the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by the nanocarbon materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the time-reaction efficiency of adsorption and photo-reduction of hexavalent chromium by the nanocarbon materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the nanocarbon materials Ag-CN obtained in examples 1 to 3 of the present inventionx/AC(2:2)、Ag/AC、CNxTime-kill curve for/AC.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example 1:
respectively dissolving 1g, 2g and 3g of urea in deionized water, adding 0.0314g of silver nitrate into the solution under magnetic stirring, stirring for 1h, adding 2g of active carbon, stirring overnight, evaporating water, drying in an oven, and calcining at 550 ℃ under nitrogen protection to obtain nano-particlesCarbon material Ag-CNx/AC(1:2)、Ag-CNx/AC(2:2)、Ag-CNx/AC(3:2)。
Example 2:
dissolving 0.0314g of silver nitrate in deionized water, adding 2g of activated carbon, stirring overnight, evaporating water, drying in an oven, and calcining at 550 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the nano carbon material Ag/AC.
Example 3:
dissolving 1g of urea in deionized water, adding 2g of activated carbon under magnetic stirring, stirring overnight, evaporating water, drying in an oven, and calcining at 550 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a carbon material CNx/AC。
Example 4:
a multifunctional nano carbon material treated rhodamine B for drinking water purification comprises the following steps:
weighing 50mg of the nano-carbon material prepared in the examples 1-3, adding the nano-carbon material into 100mL of rhodamine B wastewater with the initial concentration of 20 mg/L under the condition of keeping out of the sun, stirring for 2h, carrying out photocatalytic reaction for 3h by using a 300W xenon lamp with a 420nm ultraviolet cut-off filter as a light source after adsorption and desorption balance is achieved, and finishing treatment on the rhodamine B wastewater.
FIG. 1 is a time-reaction efficiency curve diagram of the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by the nanocarbon materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention. As shown, the degradation rate gradually increased with the increase of the reaction time. Nano carbon material Ag-CNxThe best degradation effect is achieved when the mass ratio of urea to active carbon in the/AC is 2: 2. Low content of CNxThe absorption of visible light and thus the photocatalytic effect is affected. And with CNxThe content increases, and the pores of the AC may be blocked, resulting in a decrease in specific surface area, and thus a decrease in efficiency. Example 2 the Ag/AC effect was not as good as Ag-CNx[ AC (2:2) ] CN obtained in example 3xThe Ag/AC and CN are not as good as the material loaded with silver in degradation effectxWhen the/AC is mixed together, although the adsorption action is strengthened, the increasing range of the degradation rate is reduced in the degradation process. It can be seen that the metal Ag plays a crucial role in accelerating charge separation and improving photocatalytic activity, and is used in silver and CNxHas better degradation effect under the synergistic action of the components.
Example 5:
in order to investigate the influence of the activated carbon on the material performance, the effect of degrading rhodamine B by using the carbon material prepared by using wood chip activated carbon, shell activated carbon and coconut shell activated carbon as carriers is respectively researched:
dissolving 2g of urea in deionized water, adding 0.0314g of silver nitrate into the solution under magnetic stirring, stirring for 1h, respectively adding 2g of sawdust activated carbon, shell activated carbon and coconut shell activated carbon, stirring overnight, then evaporating water, drying in an oven, calcining at 550 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and respectively obtaining carbon materials of 3 different carriers, wherein according to the method for treating rhodamine B in example 4, the degradation rates of the three carbon materials are respectively 70.5%, 71.9% and 72.2%, so that the influence of the type of the activated carbon on the material performance is small.
Example 6:
in order to investigate the influence of a carbon nitride precursor on the material performance, the effect of degrading rhodamine B by using a carbon material prepared by using urea, melamine and dicyandiamide as a carbon nitride precursor is respectively researched:
adding 2g of urea, melamine and dicyandiamide into a solvent, adding 0.0314g of silver nitrate into the solution under magnetic stirring, stirring for 1h, adding 2g of activated carbon, stirring overnight, evaporating water, drying in an oven, calcining at 550 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain carbon materials of 3 different precursors, wherein the degradation rates of the three carbon materials are 72.2%, 61.1% and 57.7% respectively according to the method for treating rhodamine B in example 4. Therefore, the carbon material prepared by using urea as a precursor has the best effect probably because the specific surface area of carbon nitride prepared by using urea is larger.
Example 7:
a multifunctional nano carbon material for purifying drinking water is used for treating hexavalent chromium, and comprises the following steps:
weighing 50mg of the nanocarbon material prepared in the examples 1 to 3, adding the nanocarbon material into 100mL of hexavalent chromium solution with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L under the condition of keeping out of the sun, stirring for 2 hours, carrying out photocatalytic reaction for 3 hours by using a 300W xenon lamp with a 420nm ultraviolet cut-off filter as a light source after adsorption and desorption balance is achieved, and finishing the treatment of the hexavalent chromium solution.
FIG. 2 is a time-reaction efficiency curve diagram of the adsorption and photo-reduction of hexavalent chromium by the nanocarbon materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the reaction efficiency gradually increased with the increase of the reaction time. The reaction result is consistent with that of rhodamine B, and the nano carbon material Ag-CNxThe best effect is achieved when the mass ratio of urea to activated carbon in the/AC is 2: 2. As can be seen from fig. 2, the adsorption effect in the first stage is strong. Therefore, to further study the adsorption behavior, pseudo-primary and pseudo-secondary models were used to fit the adsorption kinetics data.
As can be seen from the following table, the correlation coefficient of the quasi-secondary kinetics of the adsorption of the hexavalent chromium by the nano-carbon material is higher than that of the quasi-primary kinetics, and the theoretical equilibrium adsorption capacity (q) calculated from the theoretical resulte,cal) And experimental data (q)e,exp) Approximately the same, the adsorption of the nano carbon material to hexavalent chromium follows quasi-second-order kinetics, the main control step of the adsorption rate is a chemical adsorption process, and a large number of active adsorption sites exist on the surface of the nano carbon material.
Example 8:
a multifunctional nano carbon material for purifying drinking water is antibacterial, and comprises the following steps: initial concentration of about 107And (3) adding 1mg of the prepared nanocarbon material into 10mL of escherichia coli suspension of CFU/mL escherichia coli initial suspension, stirring at room temperature, simultaneously illuminating for 3 hours by using a 300W xenon lamp, diluting a certain amount of bacterial liquid every 1 hour of illumination time, coating the diluted bacterial liquid on a solid culture medium, placing the solid culture medium in a constant-temperature incubator at 37 ℃ for 24 hours, and counting the number of floras in the bacterial liquid by using a counting method. FIG. 3 shows the nanocarbon materials Ag-CN obtained in examples 1 to 3 of the present inventionx/AC(2:2)、Ag/AC、CNxTime-kill curve for/AC. As shown in the figure, the nano carbon material Ag-CNXThe antibacterial effect of the/AC (2:2) is the best, the sterilization rate reaches 99.98 percent within 3 hours, and the sterilization rate of the Ag/AC and the CNX/AThe sterilization rate of C is 97.87 percent and 99.82 percent respectively. The result shows that Ag not only improves the photocatalytic activity, but also improves the antibacterial efficiency due to the existence of the nano silver.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing a carbon material, characterized by comprising the steps of: the method comprises the following steps of taking activated carbon as a carrier, soaking a silver precursor and a carbon nitride precursor onto the activated carbon by a wet method, wherein the molar ratio of the silver precursor to the carbon nitride precursor is 0.001-0.5, the molar ratio of the silver precursor to the activated carbon is 0.001-0.5, stirring the silver precursor and the carbon nitride precursor for 1h, adding the activated carbon, stirring for 12-24h, and calcining for 1-5h at 50-600 ℃ to obtain the nano carbon material.
2. The method for producing a carbon material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activated carbon is wood chip activated carbon, nut shell activated carbon, coconut shell activated carbon or biomass activated carbon.
3. The method for producing a carbon material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silver precursor is silver nitrate, silver trifluoroacetate or silver acetate.
4. The method for producing a carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the carbon nitride precursor is urea, thiourea, melamine, dicyandiamide or cyanamide.
5. The method for producing a carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the amount of silver loaded in the nanocarbon material is 0.1 wt.% to 50 wt.%.
6. The method for producing a carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the amount of carbon nitride supported in the nanocarbon material is 0.1 wt.% to 50 wt.%.
7. The method for producing a carbon material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the calcination is 500 ℃ to 600 ℃.
8. A carbon material produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of the carbon material according to claim 8 for the purification of drinking water.
10. Use of the carbon material according to claim 8 for the preparation of a drinking water purification product.
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