CN112534496A - 环境光传感器*** - Google Patents

环境光传感器*** Download PDF

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CN112534496A
CN112534496A CN201980051351.6A CN201980051351A CN112534496A CN 112534496 A CN112534496 A CN 112534496A CN 201980051351 A CN201980051351 A CN 201980051351A CN 112534496 A CN112534496 A CN 112534496A
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display screen
ambient light
brightness
light sensor
difference
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P.赫格德
G.R.凯利
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Ams Osram AG
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Ams AG
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Abstract

一种装置包括显示屏、设置在显示屏后面的环境光传感器以及电子控制单元，电子控制单元能够操作以基于PWM信号的占空比来控制显示屏的亮度。电子控制单元能够操作以对环境光传感器的输出进行采样，识别代表其值的大小的最大差异的环境光传感器输出的连续样本对，以及基于该差异来估计显示屏的亮度。

Description

环境光传感器***
技术领域
本公开涉及环境光感测***。
背景技术
在智能手机工业设计中的新近趋势是通过减小边框宽度并通过去除光学传感器的孔以及麦克风、扬声器和/或指纹读取设备的其他孔来清理剩余的边框区域来最大化屏幕面积。另一方面，也有增加光学传感器的数量以用于增加的功能的趋势。例如，可以提供环境光传感器(ambient light sensor，ALS)以便于调整显示屏亮度以适应周围的照明环境，从而使显示器看起来清晰和可读，同时还减小了显示器的整体能耗。
智能手机市场的进一步趋势是采用有机发光显示器(organic light emittingdisplay，OLED)。这种趋势创造了将ALS从智能手机的边框移到OLED下面的位置的机会。OLED通常是不透明的，主要是因为其背面有保护膜。可以在很小的区域内去除该膜，以允许环境光穿过OLED的剩余层到达ALS。然而，即使去除该膜，OLED也不是很透光的，因此需要非常敏感的传感器才能进行环境光检测。还有进一步复杂化，其使得通过OLED进行环境光检测在技术上具有挑战性。ALS传感器不仅可以检测穿过显示器的环境光(例如背景光、日光等)，还会检测显示器本身生成的光。因此，在ALS的驱动下，显示亮度将随着传感器正上方像素亮度的变化而波动。这种波动是不希望的。
发明内容
本公开描述了包括环境光传感器***的便携式计算设备和其他装置。在本公开中描述的技术对环境光传感器被设置在主机设备的显示屏后面以使得由传感器检测到的环境光在被传感器检测之前穿过发光显示器的情况是特别有利的。
例如，在一个方面，本公开描述了一种装置，其包括显示屏、设置在显示屏后面的环境光传感器以及能够操作以基于PWM信号的占空比来控制显示屏的亮度的电子控制单元。电子控制单元能够操作以对环境光传感器的输出进行采样，识别代表其值的大小的最大差异的环境光传感器输出的连续样本对，并基于该差异来估计显示屏的亮度。
一些实施方式包括以下一个或多个特征。例如，在一些情况下，电子控制单元能够操作以从环境光传感器输出的信号中减去显示屏的估计亮度，从而获得环境光值，其中环境光传感器输出的信号代表包括环境光和由显示屏生成的光的光的组合量。电子控制单元能够操作以至少部分地基于环境光值来控制显示屏的亮度。
在一些情况下，电子控制单元能够操作为以1-5kHz范围内的采样率对环境光传感器的输出进行采样。在一些情况下，PWM信号的占空比小于20％。
在一些实施方式中，电子控制单元能够操作以将识别的连续样本对的大小的差异转换为对应的显示屏亮度。例如，在一些情况下，电子控制单元能够操作以访问查找表以获得对应于识别的连续样本对的大小的差异的显示屏亮度。
本公开还描述了一种方法，该方法包括：对设置在具有能够由PWM信号的占空比来控制的亮度的显示屏后面的环境光传感器的输出进行采样，；识别代表其值的大小的最大差异的环境光传感器输出的连续样本对；以及基于该差异来估计显示屏的亮度。
从下面的详细说明、附图和权利要求书中可以很容易地看出其他方面、特征和优点。
附图说明
图1示出了包括显示屏后面的环境光传感器的主机设备的各种特征。
图2示出了用于有机发光显示器的驱动电路的示例。
图3A、图3B和图3C示出了传感器输出信号的示例。
图4是示出了用于确定显示屏亮度的技术的示例的流程图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，诸如便携式计算设备(例如，智能手机、个人数字助理(PDA)、膝上型计算机或可穿戴的)的主机设备10包括OLED型或其他显示屏12，其可以直接设置在前玻璃20的下面。环境光传感器(ALS)14直接设置在显示屏12的一部分下面，并且能够操作以感测环境光(例如，日光或其他背景光)。ALS 14还可以感测由显示屏12本身生成的光。ALS 14可以包括一个或多个光电二极管或其他光感测元件，每个光电二极管或其他光感测元件对可能彼此不同的相应波长或波长范围敏感。电子控制单元(electronic control unit，ECU)16能够操作以接收、处理和分析来自ALS 14的信号，并控制显示屏12的亮度。例如，ECU 16可以是用于传感器集线器的处理器或便携式计算设备10中的一些其他处理器。
可以例如通过利用与每个像素串联的晶体管对该像素应用PWM调制，或者通过调整可以驱动每个像素的电流的总体范围来控制OLED的整体亮度。图2示出了用于单个OLED像素的OLED驱动电路的示例。取决于存储在电容器C1上的电荷，由第一晶体管TFT1控制驱动每个像素的电流，从而控制每个像素的亮度。在每个像素导通前，通过将电压SCAN1设置为低，将电容器C1充电到适当的电平VDATA。一旦电压SCAN2变为高，第二晶体管TFT2导通，并允许电流流过由第一晶体管TFT1调制的OLED像素。电压SCAN2还用于通过以周期性显示器帧速率的倍数(例如，60Hz的倍数)应用方波来应用PWM调制以减小总体显示亮度。方波的占空比设置显示亮度。
本申请的发明人确定ALS 14的输出的一阶导数(first derivative)可以提供显示屏亮度的估计。具体地，ALS 14输出的信号中连续的高和低大小值之间的差异与显示屏12的亮度近似成比例，而与环境光的存在无关。因此，该差异可用于估计显示屏亮度。这可以参照下面讨论的图3A-图3C来理解。
如图3A所示，当不存在环境光时，ALS 14仅测量由PWM脉冲控制的来自显示屏12的光。在这种情况下，ALS输出幅度信号由30指示。另一方面，当存在环境光时，ALS 14测量环境光和来自显示屏12的光的线性总和。在这种情况下，ALS输出幅度信号由32指示。如图3B所示，ALS输出信号中脉冲的高度取决于显示屏12的亮度，例如，如果基于施加的PWM脉冲，显示屏12的亮度相对较低，则ALS输出信号的脉冲高度(即，高值和低值之间的幅度差异)将相对较小。在这种情况下，ALS输出幅度信号由34指示。另一方面，如果基于施加的PWM脉冲，显示屏12的亮度相对较高，则ALS输出信号的脉冲高度将相对较大。在这种情况下，ALS输出幅度信号由36指示。因此，如图3C所示，假设环境光的幅度在相关测量周期期间保持大致相同，则ALS 14输出的信号中的脉冲高度(即，连续的高和低大小值之间的差异)38A或38B与显示屏12的亮度近似成比例，而与环境光的存在无关。测量由ALS 14输出的信号中的脉冲高度允许***隔离显示屏光的幅度。
图4示出了使用前述技术的过程的示例。如50所示，当PWM信号被施加到显示屏12时，ECU 16对ALS 14的输出进行采样。采样率应当足够高，并且应当累积统计上显著数量的样本，以使得可能在PWM信号低时(即，在显示屏关闭时的消隐关闭周期期间)由ECU 16获取至少一个样本，并且在PWM信号高时(即，在显示屏开启时的消隐开启周期期间)获取至少一个样本。例如，在一些情况下，采样率在1-5kHz(例如，2kHz)的范围内，并且获取至少64个样本(例如，128个样本)。
接下来，如52所示，ECU 16分析样本并识别代表其值的大小的最大差异的连续样本对。假设识别的样本对代表在PWM脉冲中的转变(即，从导致显示屏开启的高值到导致显示屏关闭的低值，或者反之亦然)。在一些情况下，ECU 16可以识别在样本值的大小上具有相对较大差异的多于一个的连续样本对。在这种情况下，ECU 16可以计算差异值的平均值。
如54所示，ECU 16使用识别的连续样本对的大小的差异来估计显示屏12的亮度，这可以例如通过访问存储在存储器中的查找表18或通过使用算法将该差异转换为对应的亮度来实现。在任一情况下，都可以预先获得实验数据，以生成用于查找表的数据，或者生成用于将识别的连续样本对的大小的差异转换为显示屏亮度的算法(例如，公式)。
接下来，如56所示，ECU 16可以从ALS 14输出的总光值中减去显示屏亮度的估计值。该计算的差异提供了环境光的大小的估计，ECU 16可以使用该估计来调整显示屏亮度，以使显示器看起来清晰和可读，同时还减少了显示器的整体能耗(见图4中的58)。因此，在一些情况下，可以基于周围的照明环境更精确地调整显示屏亮度。
例如，当占空比降至约20％以下时，在此描述的技术将特别有利。在这种情况下，对占空比关闭时间进行采样可能很困难，因为消隐关闭时间很小。如果用于捕获样本的积分时间显著减少，则仅测量的样本自身可能不太可靠。另一方面，本技术可以通过使用导致较低的积分时间的快速采样时间来避免这样的问题。尽管各个样本可能有噪声，但是样本之间的差异仍然可以更可靠地用于估计屏幕亮度对ALS 14的总测量亮度的贡献。
本说明书中描述的主题和功能操作的各个方面可以在数字电子电路中或者在计算机软件、固件或硬件(包括在本说明书中公开的结构和它们的结构等价物)中实现，或在它们的一个或多个的组合中实现。因此，本说明书中描述的主题的各方面可以实现为一个或多个计算机程序产品，即实现为在计算机可读介质上编码的计算机程序指令的一个或多个模块，用于由数据处理装置执行或控制数据处理装置的操作。计算机可读介质可以是机器可读存储设备、机器可读存储基板、存储器设备、影响机器可读传播信号的物质组合、或它们中的一个或多个的组合。除了硬件之外，该装置可包括为所讨论的计算机程序创建执行环境的代码，例如，构成处理器固件的代码。
计算机程序(也称为程序、软件、软件应用、脚本或代码)可以用包括编译或解释语言的任何形式的编程语言编写，并且它可以以任何形式部署，包括作为独立程序或作为适合在计算环境中使用的模块、组件、子例程或其他单元。计算机程序不一定对应于在文件***中的文件。程序可以存储在保持其他程序或数据的文件的部分中(例如，存储在标记语言文档中的一个或多个脚本)、在所讨论的程序专用的单个文件中、或者在多个协调文件中(例如，存储一个或多个模块、子程序或部分代码的文件)。计算机程序可以被部署为在一台计算机或位于一个站点或分布在多个站点并通过通信网络互连的多台计算机上执行。
本说明书中描述的处理和逻辑流程可以由执行一个或多个计算机程序的一个或多个可编程处理器来执行，以通过对输入数据进行操作并生成输出来执行功能。处理和逻辑流程还可以由专用逻辑电路来执行，并且装置也可以实现为专用逻辑电路，专用逻辑电路例如FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)或ASIC(专用集成电路)。
例如，适合于执行计算机程序的处理器包括通用微处理器和专用微处理器，以及任何类型的数字计算机的任何一个或多个处理器。通常，处理器将从只读存储器或随机存取存储器或两者接收指令和数据。计算机的基本元件是用于执行指令的处理器以及用于存储指令和数据的一个或多个存储设备。适合于存储计算机程序指令和数据的计算机可读介质包括所有形式的非易失性存储器、介质和存储设备，包括例如半导体存储设备，例如EPROM、EEPROM、和闪存设备；磁盘，例如内部硬盘或可移动磁盘；磁光盘；以及CD ROM和DVD-ROM磁盘。处理器和存储器可以由专用逻辑电路补充或合并到专用逻辑电路中。
尽管本说明书包含许多细节，但这些不应被解释为对本发明的范围或可能要求保护的范围的限制，而应被解释为对本发明的特定实施例的特定的特征的描述。在本说明书中在分开的实施例的上下文中描述的某些特征也可以在单个实施例中组合实现。相反，在单个实施例的上下文中描述的各种特征也可以在多个实施例中分开实现或在任何合适的子组合中实现。此外，尽管特征可以在上面被描述为在某些组合中起作用并且甚至最初如此要求保护，但是在某些情况下可以从组合中去除来自要求保护的组合的一个或多个特征，并且可以将要求保护的组合指向子组合或子组合的变体。
类似地，尽管在附图中以特定顺序描述了操作，但这不应理解为要求以所示的特定顺序或按顺序执行这些的操作，或者要求执行所有所示的操作，以获得期望的结果。在某些情况下，多任务和并行处理可能是有利的。
已经描述了许多实施方式。然而，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以进行各种修改。因此，其他实施方式也在权利要求的范围内。

Claims (13)

1.一种装置，包括：
显示屏；
设置在所述显示屏后面的环境光传感器；
电子控制单元，能够操作以基于PWM信号的占空比来控制所述显示屏的亮度，
其中，所述电子控制单元能够操作以对所述环境光传感器的输出进行采样，识别代表其值的大小的最大差异的环境光传感器输出的连续样本对，并基于所述差异来估计所述显示屏的亮度。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述电子控制单元能够操作以从所述环境光传感器输出的信号中减去所述显示屏的估计亮度以获得环境光值，其中，所述环境光传感器输出的所述信号表示包括环境光和由所述显示屏生成的光的光的组合量，并且其中所述电子控制单元能够操作以至少部分地基于所述环境光值来控制所述显示屏的所述亮度。
3.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的装置，其中，所述电子控制单元能够操作为以1-5kHz范围内的采样率对所述环境光传感器的所述输出进行采样。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的装置，其中，所述电子控制单元能够操作以访问查找表以获得对应于识别的连续样本对的大小的所述差异的显示屏亮度。
5.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的装置，其中，所述电子控制单元能够操作以将识别的连续样本对的大小的所述差异转换为对应的显示屏亮度。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的装置，其中，所述PWM信号的所述占空比小于20％。
7.一种方法，包括：
对设置在显示屏后面的环境光传感器的输出进行采样，所述显示屏具有能够由PWM信号的占空比控制的亮度；
识别代表其值的大小的最大差异的环境光传感器输出的连续样本对；以及
基于所述差异来估计所述显示屏的亮度。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，包括：
从所述环境光传感器输出的信号中减去所述显示屏的估计亮度以获得环境光值，其中，所述环境光传感器输出的信号代表包括环境光和由所述显示屏生成的光的光的组合量，以及
至少部分地基于所述环境光值来控制所述显示屏的所述亮度。
9.如权利要求7-8中任一项所述的方法，其中，以1-5kHz范围内的速率对所述环境光传感器的所述输出进行采样。
10.如权利要求7-9中任一项所述的方法，包括访问查找表以获得对应于识别的连续样本对的大小的所述差异的显示屏亮度。
11.如权利要求7-9中任一项所述的方法，包括将识别的连续样本对的大小的所述差异转换为对应的显示屏亮度。
12.如权利要求7所述的方法，包括：
至少部分地基于所述显示屏的估计亮度来计算环境光级别；以及
控制所述PWM信号的所述占空比，以基于计算的环境光级别来调整所述显示屏的所述亮度。
13.如权利要求7-12中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述PWM信号的所述占空比小于20％。
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