CN112518424A - Method and device for predicting cutting force of thread turning - Google Patents
Method and device for predicting cutting force of thread turning Download PDFInfo
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- CN112518424A CN112518424A CN202011385066.9A CN202011385066A CN112518424A CN 112518424 A CN112518424 A CN 112518424A CN 202011385066 A CN202011385066 A CN 202011385066A CN 112518424 A CN112518424 A CN 112518424A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
- B23G1/00—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor
- B23G1/44—Equipment or accessories specially designed for machines or devices for thread cutting
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a cutting force prediction method for thread turning, which comprises the following steps: acquiring the geometric parameters of a tool of a threading tool for turning the thread to be machined, the thread cutting parameters and the geometric parameters of the thread to be machined; obtaining the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient of the cutting area of the thread to be machined; determining a tool nose cutting angle according to the tool geometric parameters; and predicting the cutting force of the threading tool for turning the thread to be machined according to the tool geometric parameters, the tool nose cutting angle, the thread geometric parameters, the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient. The embodiment of the invention can improve the prediction precision of the cutting force in the thread turning process, simplify the prediction process and provide important support for the optimization of the thread cutting process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thread turning, in particular to a cutting force prediction method for thread turning and a cutting force prediction device for thread turning.
Background
The thread parts are used as common fixed connection and motion conversion parts and widely applied to the field of manufacturing industry, and the manufacturing precision of the thread parts directly influences the performance and the service life of mechanical products. Therefore, it is important to ensure the machining precision and the machining quality of the thread. With the improvement of the machining performance of the numerical control machine tool, the thread turning technology is also rapidly developed in the field of mechanical manufacturing.
The thread turning process is a process of controlling the feed motion and the rotation speed of the main shaft to be synchronous on a lathe so as to machine a spiral groove shape. In the radial feed threading, a threading tool is fed in the radial direction of the thread. During machining, the cutting edges participate in the cutting process at the same time, and therefore, the evaluation and prediction of the cutting force are complicated. The prediction and the determination of the cutting force can not only explain the formation of a hardened layer on the surface of the workpiece after machining, but also detect important parameters of the residual stress on the surface of the workpiece, and through the evaluation and the prediction of the cutting force, a proper machining tool can be better selected and cutting parameters can be optimized. However, the existing cutting force prediction and determination models have poor prediction accuracy and complex prediction process, and most of the mechanical prediction models and empirical formulas of the cutting force are only suitable for specific combination of a cutter and a workpiece, so that the problem of poor universality exists. Therefore, a cutting force prediction method with high prediction accuracy and simple prediction process is urgently needed and is used as an important theoretical support for the optimization of the external thread cutting process, so that the processing process of external thread turning is further optimized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at least partial defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a cutting force prediction method for thread turning and a cutting force prediction device for thread turning, which can improve the prediction accuracy of the cutting force in thread turning and simplify the prediction process.
Specifically, the cutting force prediction method for thread turning provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: acquiring the geometric parameters of a tool of a threading tool for turning a thread to be machined, the thread cutting parameters, the geometric parameters of the thread to be machined, the cutting coefficient of a cutting area and the friction coefficient of a cutting edge, wherein the geometric parameters of the tool comprise the thread turning toolSharp angle epsilon of kniferAnd the radius r of the arc of the noseεThe thread cutting parameter comprises a radial feed amount apThe number of times of feed n, the thread geometric parameters comprise the thread height H, and the cutting coefficient comprises a tangential cutting coefficient KtcAnd axial cutting coefficient KacThe blade friction coefficient comprises a tangential blade friction coefficient KteCoefficient of friction with axial cutting edge Kae(ii) a According to the sharp angle epsilonrDetermining the tip chip angle theta1Wherein the nose chip angle θ1Satisfy the requirement of
Determining the chip area A of the thread to be machined, wherein when H is less than or equal to rε(1-cosθ1) And then, the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge cutting mode, and the chip area A satisfies the following conditions:
A1is the chip area of the arc cutting edge, theta is the instantaneous chip angle, h (theta) is the instantaneous chip thickness and satisfies
Is the angle of orientation and satisfies
When H > rε(1-cosθ1) And the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge and a straight cutting edge, and the chip area A satisfies the following conditions:
A2predicting the cutting force for turning the thread to be machined for the chip area of the linear cutting edge, wherein when H is less than or equal to rε(1-cosθ1) When the cutting force is satisfied:
wherein, FtIs the tangential cutting force component of the cutting force, FrIs the radial cutting force component of the cutting force, FaIs the axial cutting force component of the cutting force, L is the linear cutting edge length and satisfies
On the other hand, the cutting force prediction method for thread turning provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: acquiring the geometric parameters of a tool of a threading tool for turning the thread to be machined, the thread cutting parameters and the geometric parameters of the thread to be machined; obtaining the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient of the cutting area of the thread to be machined; determining a tool nose cutting angle according to the tool geometric parameters; and predicting the cutting force of the threading tool for turning the thread to be machined according to the tool geometric parameters, the tool nose cutting angle, the thread geometric parameters, the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient.
In one embodiment of the invention, the tool geometry of the threading tool comprises a tool tip angle of the threading tool; the determination of the cutting angle of the tool nose according to the geometric parameters of the tool of the threading tool specifically comprises the following steps: determining the nose chipping angle from the nose angle, wherein the nose chipping angle satisfies:
θ1is the cutting angle of the nose, epsilonrIs the knife point angle.
In one embodiment of the invention, the tool geometric parameter includes a nose arc radius of the threading tool, the thread cutting parameter includes a radial feed, and the thread geometric parameter includes a thread height of the thread to be machined; the predicting the cutting force of the threading tool for turning the thread to be machined according to the tool geometric parameter, the tool nose chip angle, the thread geometric parameter, the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient comprises: determining the cutting mode of the thread to be machined according to the height of the thread, the arc radius of the tool nose and the cutting angle of the tool nose; determining a positioning angle according to an instantaneous cutting angle of the thread to be machined, the radial feed amount and the arc radius of the tool nose; determining the instantaneous chip thickness for turning the thread to be machined according to the radial feed amount, the arc radius of the tool nose and the positioning angle; determining a chip area based at least on the cutting mode, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle, and the instantaneous chip thickness; and determining the cutting force for turning the thread to be machined according to at least the cutting mode, the chip area, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle, the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient.
In one embodiment of the invention, the determining the cutting mode of the thread to be machined according to the thread height, the nose arc radius and the nose chip angle comprises: when the height of the thread, the radius of the circular arc of the tool nose and the cutting angle of the tool nose meet the condition that H is less than or equal to rε(1-cosθ1) When the cutting mode is the arc cutting edge cutting mode; when the height of the thread, the radius of the circular arc of the tool nose and the cutting angle of the tool nose meet H & gt rε(1-cosθ1) When the cutting mode is the arc cutting edge and the straight cutting edge cutting mode; wherein H is the thread height, θ1Is the cutting angle of the nose, rεThe radius of the arc of the tool nose.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cutting coefficient comprises a tangential cutting coefficient and an axial cutting coefficient, and the edge friction coefficient comprises a tangential edge friction coefficient and an axial edge friction coefficient; when the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge cutting mode, the determining of the chip area according to at least the cutting mode, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle and the instantaneous chip thickness specifically comprises: determining the chip area from the instantaneous chip thickness, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle, and the instantaneous chip angle; when the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge cutting mode, the determining the cutting force for turning the thread to be machined according to at least the cutting mode, the chip area, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle, the cutting coefficient and the edge friction coefficient specifically includes: and determining the cutting force according to the chip area, the arc radius of the tool nose, the chip angle of the tool nose, the tangential cutting coefficient, the axial cutting coefficient, the friction coefficient of the tangential cutting edge and the friction coefficient of the axial cutting edge.
In one embodiment of the present invention, when the cutting mode is a circular arc cutting edge cutting mode, the chip area satisfies:
the cutting force satisfies:
In one embodiment of the present invention, the tool geometry parameter includes a tool tip angle of the threading tool, and the thread cutting parameter further includes a number of feeds; the cutting coefficient comprises a tangential cutting coefficient and an axial cutting coefficient, and the cutting edge friction coefficient comprises a tangential cutting edge friction coefficient and an axial cutting edge friction coefficient; when the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge cutting mode and a straight cutting edge cutting mode, the chip area determined at least according to the cutting mode, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle and the instantaneous chip thickness is specifically as follows: determining the chip area according to the instantaneous chip thickness, the arc radius of the cutter point, the cutter point chip angle, the instantaneous chip angle, the cutter point angle and the feed times; when the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge and a straight cutting edge, the determining the cutting force for turning the thread to be machined according to at least the cutting mode, the chip area, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle, the cutting coefficient and the edge friction coefficient specifically includes: and determining the cutting force according to the chip area, the arc radius of the cutter point, the chip angle of the cutter point, the tangential cutting coefficient, the cutting feed frequency, the radial feed amount, the axial cutting coefficient, the friction coefficient of the tangential cutting edge and the friction coefficient of the axial cutting edge.
In one embodiment of the present invention, when the cutting pattern is a circular-arc cutting edge and a straight-line cutting edge cutting pattern, the chip area satisfies:
the cutting force satisfies:
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cutting force prediction apparatus for thread turning, which is used for performing the cutting force prediction method for thread turning according to any one of the foregoing items and includes: the first parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring the tool geometric parameters of a threading tool for turning the thread to be machined, the thread cutting parameters and the thread geometric parameters of the thread to be machined; the second parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient of the cutting area of the thread to be machined; the tool nose chip angle determining module is used for determining a tool nose chip angle according to the geometric parameters of the tool; and the thread cutting force prediction module is used for predicting the cutting force of the threading tool for turning the thread to be machined according to the tool geometric parameters, the tool nose cutting angle, the thread geometric parameters, the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient.
The technical scheme has the following advantages: according to the method and the device, the cutting force for turning the thread to be machined is predicted according to the geometrical parameters of the tool of the threading tool for turning the thread to be machined, the thread cutting parameters, the geometrical parameters of the thread to be machined, the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient of a cutting area and the tool nose cutting angle determined according to the geometrical parameters of the tool, the cutting force prediction method for turning the thread with high precision and simple process is provided, and powerful theoretical support is provided for optimization of a thread turning process. According to the cutting force prediction method for thread turning provided by the embodiment of the invention, the cutting force for thread turning can be predicted through a small number of times of cutting experiments, and the application range is wide.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a cutting force prediction method for thread turning according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of radial feed thread turning in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cutting view of the turning process shown in fig. 2 when only the arc cutting edge participates in cutting.
Fig. 4 is a detailed flowchart of step S17 in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cutting view of the turning process shown in fig. 2 in which the circular arc cutting edge and the straight cutting edge simultaneously participate in cutting.
Fig. 6a, 6b and 6c are schematic diagrams illustrating the predicted cutting force and the actual cutting force of three sets of experiments according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a cutting force prediction apparatus for thread turning according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the thread cutting force prediction module of FIG. 7.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
[ first embodiment ] A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic process diagram of a cutting force prediction method for thread turning according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown. The method for predicting the cutting force of thread turning provided by the embodiment of the invention can be a method for predicting the turning force suitable for a radial feed thread turning mode, and further can be a method for predicting the turning force of an external thread adopting the radial feed thread turning mode. Specifically, the cutting force prediction method for thread turning according to the embodiment of the present invention includes, for example:
s11: acquiring the geometric parameters of a tool of a threading tool for turning the thread to be machined, the thread cutting parameters and the geometric parameters of the thread to be machined;
s13: obtaining the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient of the cutting area of the thread to be machined;
s15: determining a tool nose cutting angle according to the tool geometric parameters; and
s17: and predicting the cutting force of the threading tool for turning the thread to be machined according to the tool geometric parameters, the tool nose cutting angle, the thread geometric parameters, the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient.
Therefore, the method for predicting the cutting force for turning the thread to be machined in the embodiment of the invention predicts the cutting force for turning the thread to be machined according to the geometrical parameters of the tool of the threading tool for turning the thread to be machined, the thread cutting parameters, the geometrical parameters of the thread to be machined, the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient of a cutting area and the cutting tip cutting angle determined according to the geometrical parameters of the tool, provides the method for predicting the cutting force for turning the thread with high precision and simple process, and provides powerful theoretical support for the optimization of the thread turning process. It is worth mentioning here that in the embodiments of the present invention, when the cutting force prediction is performed, the cutting force during the three-dimensional cutting operation can be simulated by the orthogonal cutting data, but the geometry of the workpiece and the chip is an important factor affecting the reliability of the prediction. Therefore, the use of a simple geometry workpiece in machining can make the prediction of cutting force more convenient. The cutting force can be estimated from the chip geometry in the orthogonal cutting data. The chip thickness is constant in the linear chip area and equal to the chip thickness in a cylindrical turning operation; the chip thickness varies continuously in the nonlinear chip region, and the cutting force changes direction continuously around the curved chip segment. In order to enable accurate prediction of the cutting force, the chip may be processed by dividing the chip into infinitesimal chips with angular increments. By integrating the forces of the individual infinitesimal chips, the total cutting force of the entire chip segment can be determined for each cutting pass.
In view of the above, the geometric parameters of the tool of the threading tool include, for example, the radius r of the circular arc of the nose of the threading toolεThe thread cutting parameter comprises a radial feed amount apAnd a feed mode n. The feed mode of the thread machining is multi-pass linear radial feed, namely the feed times are multiple, and thread cutting chips formed in each cutting pass are shown in FIG. 2; the thread geometry parameters comprise the thread height H of the thread to be machined.
In addition, the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient are obtained by orthogonal cutting experiments, for example, by performing cutting experiments on a material to be threaded to obtain a small number of groups of data of multiple parameters, such as different cutting thickness data, tool rake angle data and cutting speed data, so as to determine the influence of different cutting thicknesses, tool rake angles and cutting speeds of the material on the friction angle and the cutting force; and fitting the friction angle and the cutting force curve by adopting a least square method, and obtaining the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient of the calculated infinitesimal chip area according to the obtained data. In the cutting force prediction method, because no feed motion exists in the radial direction in each single cutting pass, the radial cutting coefficient can be assumed to be zero, and the axial cutting force and the radial cutting force in the thread cutting process can be represented by the angular projection of the axial cutting coefficient. Thus, the coefficient of cut includes a tangential coefficient of cut and an axial coefficient of cut, and the edge coefficient of friction includes a tangential edge coefficient of friction and an axial edge coefficient of friction.
In addition, the geometrical parameters of the tool of the threading tool also include the tool tip angle epsilon of the threading toolr(ii) a Step S15 specifically includes:
according to the knifeSharp angle epsilonrDetermining the nose chip angle θ1Wherein the nose chip angle θ1Satisfies the following conditions:
as shown in fig. 3, the cutting edge chip angle θ1The angle of the cutting range of the tip arc cutting edge on the threading tool can be set.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, step 17 includes, for example:
s171: determining the cutting mode of the thread to be machined according to the height of the thread, the arc radius of the tool nose and the cutting angle of the tool nose;
s173: determining a positioning angle according to an instantaneous cutting angle of the thread to be machined, the radial feed amount and the arc radius of the tool nose;
s175: determining the instantaneous chip thickness for turning the thread to be machined according to the radial feed amount, the arc radius of the tool nose and the positioning angle;
s177: determining a chip area based at least on the cutting mode, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle, and the instantaneous chip thickness; and
s179: and determining the cutting force for turning the thread to be machined according to at least the cutting mode, the chip area, the arc radius of the tool nose, the cutting angle of the tool nose, the cutting coefficient and the friction coefficient of the cutting edge.
Further, step S171 includes, for example:
when the height of the thread, the radius of the circular arc of the tool nose and the cutting angle of the tool nose meet the condition that H is less than or equal to rε(1-cosθ1) When the cutting mode is the arc cutting edge cutting mode;
when the height of the thread, the radius of the circular arc of the tool nose and the cutting angle of the tool nose meet H & gt rε(1-cosθ1) When the cutting mode is the arc cutting edge and the straight cutting edge cutting mode.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, when H ≦ rε(1-cosθ1) When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,only the arc cutting edge of the threading tool participates in cutting, and the formed chip area is only the chip angle theta of the tool nose of the region 11Inner and outer blade cutting angle theta1Is the angle of the surrounding area 1. As shown in fig. 3, in the region 1, both the inner boundary and the outer boundary of the thread cutting chip are circular arcs, the inner boundary is generated by the radius of the tip of the threading tool in the previous thread cutting pass (or the previous feed), and the outer boundary is generated by the radius of the circular arc cutting edge of the tip of the threading tool in the current thread cutting pass (or the current feed). The chip area of zone 1 is shown as the shaded area in figure 3. The chip thickness varies with increasing instantaneous chip angle θ in region 1.
Because the threading tool moves a along the radial direction in two adjacent cutting passes (or called two-time feeding)pBy the positioning angle
To determine the instantaneous chip thickness h (theta) in said region 1, wherein the orientation angle
Satisfies the following conditions:
where θ is the instantaneous chip angle (see fig. 3).
The instantaneous chip thickness h (θ) is calculated as:
in this case, when the cutting mode is a circular arc cutting edge cutting mode (H ≦ r)ε(1-cosθ1) Step S177 specifically includes:
determining the chip area from the instantaneous chip thickness, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle, and the instantaneous chip angle.
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,as shown in FIG. 3, the chip area A of the cutting zone includes only the chip area A of zone 11The chip area A satisfies:
when the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge cutting mode (H is less than or equal to r)ε(1-cosθ1) In step S179), specifically:
and determining the cutting force according to the chip area, the arc radius of the tool nose, the chip angle of the tool nose, the tangential cutting coefficient, the axial cutting coefficient, the friction coefficient of the tangential cutting edge and the friction coefficient of the axial cutting edge.
Specifically, when the cutting mode is a circular arc cutting edge cutting mode (namely H is less than or equal to r)ε(1-cosθ1) The cutting force satisfies:
wherein, KtcAs the coefficient of tangential cutting, KacIs the axial cutting coefficient, KteIs the coefficient of friction of the tangential edge, KaeCoefficient of friction of the axial cutting edge, FtIs the tangential cutting force component of the cutting force, FrIs the radial cutting force component of the cutting force, FaIs the axial cutting force component of the cutting force.
When H > rε(1-cosθ1) When the cutting mode is the arc cutting edge and the straight line cutting edge, namely the arc cutting of the threading toolThe edge and the straight cutting edge participate in the cutting synchronously, wherein the chip formed by the cutting of the straight cutting edge is in the area 2. As shown in fig. 5, the inner boundary of the thread cutting chip in the region 2 is generated by the radius of the minor nose cutting edge of the threading tool and the straight cutting edge of the previous thread cutting pass, and the outer boundary is generated by the straight cutting edge of the threading tool of the current thread cutting pass. The chip area of the region 2 is shown as a shadow in fig. 5, due to the radial feed mode, the chip areas formed by the linear cutting edges on the two sides of the threading tool are approximately equal, so that the data required by the subsequent cutting force calculation can be obtained by determining the chip area on one side, the chip area in the region 2 can be approximately calculated as a rectangle, the thickness of the rectangle chip is the end chip thickness of the region 1, and the length L of the linear cutting edge is the length of the linear cutting edge participating in cutting in the current cutting pass.
Wherein, the length of the straight cutting edge participating in cutting is L and satisfies:
thread cutting area A of said region 22The calculation formula (c) satisfies:
therefore, when the cutting mode is a circular cutting edge cutting mode and a straight cutting edge cutting mode (H > r)ε(1-cosθ1) Step S177 specifically includes:
and determining the cutting area according to the instantaneous cutting thickness, the arc radius of the tool nose, the cutting angle of the tool nose, the instantaneous cutting angle, the sharp angle of the tool nose and the cutting feed times.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the cutting area of the chip region includes the cutting area a of the region 11And cutting area A of region 22Namely:
when the cutting mode is a circular cutting edge and a linear cutting edge (H & gtr)ε(1-cosθ1) In step S179), specifically:
and determining the cutting force according to the chip area, the arc radius of the cutter point, the chip angle of the cutter point, the tangential cutting coefficient, the cutting feed frequency, the radial feed amount, the axial cutting coefficient, the friction coefficient of the tangential cutting edge and the friction coefficient of the axial cutting edge.
Specifically, the cutting force satisfies:
wherein L is the length of the linear cutting edge and satisfies
n is the number of times of feed, which is a natural number greater than 0.
In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, a cutting force prediction method for radial feed thread turning according to an embodiment of the present invention will be more clearly explained below with reference to a specific embodiment.
This specific example used, for example, a numerically controlled lathe and a three-dimensional machining dynamometer for thread turning experiments, and the thread machining standard used an API V0.040 thread form. The selected workpiece material is a 42CrMo steel bar material, the used cutter is a mountain vick 226RG-22V401A0503E 1020-level API V0.040 thread single-tooth coating cutter, the front angle of the cutter is 0 ', the blade inclination angle is 1',radius of arc of tool nose rεThe diameter of the bar stock is 41.275mm in the experimental process, the thread pitch is 3mm, the thread turning is carried out in a radial feed mode, and the height H of the thread to be machined is 1.5 mm. The cutting tests were divided into three groups and the test design data are shown in table 1.
Table 1 experimental protocol data
| Number of groups | Spindle speed v (m/min) | Feed amount f (mm/r) | Radial feed ap(mm) |
| 1 | 90 | 0.07 | 0.5 |
| 2 | 90 | 0.12 | 0.3 |
| 3 | 90 | 0.15 | 0.25 |
In the first set of experiments, a constant radial feed (or radial feed a per feed) of 0.5mm was used for each passp0.5), 3 threads were performedCutting (namely, the number of times of feed n is 3). In the second group, a constant radial feed (or radial feed a per feed) of 0.3mm per passp0.3), 5 thread cutting passes were performed (i.e., the number of feed times n was 5). In the third group, for a constant radial feed of 0.25mm (or radial feed a per feed)p0.3), 6 thread cuts were made (i.e., the number of feeds n was 6). At the end of each set of experiments, the height H of the thread produced was 1.5 mm. According to the comparison of the predicted thread cutting force of each continuous thread cutting process and the experimental result given by the graphs in fig. 6a, 6b and 6c, it can be found that the cutting force result obtained according to the cutting force prediction method has better consistency with the experimental result, which shows that the cutting force prediction method for thread turning provided by the embodiment of the invention has high prediction precision, and the cutting force prediction method has simple process and strong operability, and has strong theoretical support for the optimization of the thread turning processing technology.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention predicts the cutting force for turning the thread to be machined according to the geometric parameters of the tool of the threading tool for turning the thread to be machined, the thread cutting parameters, the geometric parameters of the thread to be machined, the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient of the cutting area, and the tool nose cutting angle determined according to the geometric parameters of the tool, provides the cutting force prediction method for turning the thread with high precision and simple process, and provides powerful theoretical support for optimization of the thread turning process. According to the cutting force prediction method for thread turning provided by the embodiment of the invention, the cutting force for thread turning can be predicted through a small number of times of cutting experiments, and the operability is strong.
[ second embodiment ]
Referring to fig. 7, a cutting force prediction apparatus 400 for thread turning according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a first parameter acquisition module 410, a second parameter acquisition module 430, a nose chip angle determination module 450, and a thread cutting force prediction module 470.
The first parameter obtaining module 410 is configured to obtain a tool geometric parameter of a threading tool for turning a thread to be machined, a thread cutting parameter, and a thread geometric parameter of the thread to be machined; the second parameter obtaining module 430 is configured to obtain a cutting coefficient and a cutting edge friction coefficient of a cutting region of the thread to be machined; the tool nose chip angle determining module 450 is used for determining a tool nose chip angle according to the geometric parameters of the tool; and a thread cutting force prediction module 470 for predicting the cutting force of the threading tool for turning the thread to be machined according to the tool geometric parameters, the nose chip angle, the thread geometric parameters, the cutting coefficient and the edge friction coefficient.
The tool geometric parameters comprise the circular arc radius of the tool nose of the threading tool, the thread cutting parameters comprise the radial feed amount, and the thread geometric parameters comprise the thread height of the thread to be machined.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the thread cutting force prediction module 470 includes, for example:
the cutting mode determining module 471 is configured to determine a cutting mode of the thread to be machined according to the thread height, the tool nose arc radius, and the tool nose chip angle;
a positioning angle determining module 473, configured to determine a positioning angle according to the instantaneous cutting angle of the thread to be machined, the radial feed amount, and the nose arc radius;
an instantaneous chip thickness determining module 475, configured to determine an instantaneous chip thickness for turning the thread to be machined according to the radial feed amount, the nose arc radius, and the positioning angle;
a chip area determination module 477 for determining a chip area based at least on the cutting mode, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle, and the instantaneous chip thickness; and
a cutting force determining module 479 for determining the cutting force for turning the thread to be machined according to at least the cutting manner, the chip area, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle, the cutting coefficient, and the edge friction coefficient.
When the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge cutting mode, the chip area determining module 477 is specifically configured to: determining the chip area from the instantaneous chip thickness, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle, and the instantaneous chip angle; the cutting force determination module 479 is specifically configured to: and determining the cutting force according to the chip area, the arc radius of the tool nose, the chip angle of the tool nose, the tangential cutting coefficient, the axial cutting coefficient, the friction coefficient of the tangential cutting edge and the friction coefficient of the axial cutting edge.
In addition, the geometrical parameters of the tool comprise the sharp angle of the threading tool, and the thread cutting parameters further comprise the number of times of feed; the cutting coefficient comprises a tangential cutting coefficient and an axial cutting coefficient, and the cutting edge friction coefficient comprises a tangential cutting edge friction coefficient and an axial cutting edge friction coefficient.
When the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge and a straight cutting edge, the chip area determining module 477 is specifically configured to: determining the chip area according to the instantaneous chip thickness, the arc radius of the cutter point, the cutter point chip angle, the instantaneous chip angle, the cutter point angle and the feed times; the cutting force determination module 479 is specifically configured to: and determining the cutting force according to the chip area, the arc radius of the cutter point, the chip angle of the cutter point, the tangential cutting coefficient, the cutting feed frequency, the radial feed amount, the axial cutting coefficient, the friction coefficient of the tangential cutting edge and the friction coefficient of the axial cutting edge.
As for specific functional details of each module and unit of the cutting force prediction apparatus 400 for thread turning provided in this embodiment, reference may be made to the related description of each step of the cutting force prediction method in the foregoing first embodiment, and no further description is given here. Further, it is worth mentioning that the respective modules and units of the cutting force prediction apparatus 400 for thread turning may be software modules or units, which are stored in a nonvolatile memory such as FLASH and related operations are executed by a processor to perform the cutting force prediction method in the foregoing first embodiment. The cutting force prediction device 400 for thread turning provided by the present embodiment can be applied to, for example, a numerical control system of a numerical control apparatus suitable for thread turning.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cutting force prediction method for thread turning, comprising:
acquiring the geometric parameters of a tool of a threading tool for turning a thread to be machined, the thread cutting parameters, the geometric parameters of the thread to be machined, the cutting coefficient of a cutting area and the friction coefficient of a cutting edge, wherein the geometric parameters of the tool comprise the sharp angle epsilon of the threading toolrAnd the radius r of the arc of the noseεThe thread cutting parameter comprises a radial feed amount apThe number of times of feed n, the thread geometric parameters comprise the thread height H, and the cutting coefficient comprises a tangential cutting coefficient KtcAnd axial cutting coefficient KacThe blade friction coefficient comprises a tangential blade friction coefficient KteCoefficient of friction with axial cutting edge Kae；
According to the sharp angle epsilonrDetermining the tip chip angle theta1Wherein the nose chip angle θ1Satisfy the requirement of
Determining the chip area A for turning the thread to be machined, wherein,
when H is less than or equal to rε(1-cosθ1) And then, the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge cutting mode, and the chip area A satisfies the following conditions:
A1chip surface being a circular cutting edgeProduct, theta is the instantaneous chip angle, h (theta) is the instantaneous chip thickness and satisfies
Is the angle of orientation and satisfies
When H > rε(1-cosθ1) And the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge and a straight cutting edge, and the chip area A satisfies the following conditions:
A2is the chip area of the straight cutting edge,
predicting a cutting force for turning the thread to be machined, wherein,
when H is less than or equal to rε(1-cosθ1) When the cutting force is satisfied:
when H > rε(1-cosθ1) When the cutting force is satisfied:
wherein, FtIs the tangential cutting force component of the cutting force, FrIs the radial cutting force component of the cutting force, FaIs the axial cutting force component of the cutting force, L is a straight line cutCutting edge length and satisfies
2. A cutting force prediction method for thread turning, comprising:
acquiring the geometric parameters of a tool of a threading tool for turning the thread to be machined, the thread cutting parameters and the geometric parameters of the thread to be machined;
obtaining the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient of the cutting area of the thread to be machined;
determining a tool nose cutting angle according to the tool geometric parameters; and
and predicting the cutting force of the threading tool for turning the thread to be machined according to the tool geometric parameters, the tool nose cutting angle, the thread geometric parameters, the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient.
3. The cutting force prediction method for screw turning according to claim 2, wherein the tool geometry parameter of the threading tool includes a tool tip angle of the threading tool; the determination of the cutting angle of the tool nose according to the geometric parameters of the tool of the threading tool specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the nose chipping angle from the nose angle, wherein the nose chipping angle satisfies:
θ1is the cutting angle of the nose, epsilonrIs the knife point angle.
4. The cutting force prediction method for screw turning according to claim 3, wherein the tool geometry parameter includes a nose arc radius of the threading tool, the thread cutting parameter includes a radial feed amount, and the thread geometry parameter includes a thread height of the thread to be machined; the predicting the cutting force of the threading tool for turning the thread to be machined according to the tool geometric parameter, the tool nose chip angle, the thread geometric parameter, the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient comprises:
determining the cutting mode of the thread to be machined according to the height of the thread, the arc radius of the tool nose and the cutting angle of the tool nose;
determining a positioning angle according to an instantaneous cutting angle of the thread to be machined, the radial feed amount and the arc radius of the tool nose;
determining the instantaneous chip thickness for turning the thread to be machined according to the radial feed amount, the arc radius of the tool nose and the positioning angle;
determining a chip area based at least on the cutting mode, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle, and the instantaneous chip thickness; and
and determining the cutting force for turning the thread to be machined according to at least the cutting mode, the chip area, the arc radius of the tool nose, the cutting angle of the tool nose, the cutting coefficient and the friction coefficient of the cutting edge.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the determining the cutting mode of the thread to be machined according to the thread height, the nose arc radius and the nose chip angle comprises:
when the height of the thread, the radius of the circular arc of the tool nose and the cutting angle of the tool nose meet the condition that H is less than or equal to rε(1-cosθ1) When the cutting mode is the arc cutting edge cutting mode;
when the height of the thread, the radius of the circular arc of the tool nose and the cutting angle of the tool nose meet H & gt rε(1-cosθ1) When the cutting mode is the arc cutting edge and the straight cutting edge cutting mode;
wherein H is the thread height, θ1Is the cutting angle of the nose, rεThe radius of the arc of the tool nose.
6. The cutting force prediction method for screw turning according to claim 5, wherein the cutting coefficient includes a tangential cutting coefficient and an axial cutting coefficient, and the edge friction coefficient includes a tangential edge friction coefficient and an axial edge friction coefficient;
when the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge cutting mode, the determining of the chip area according to at least the cutting mode, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle and the instantaneous chip thickness specifically comprises:
determining the chip area from the instantaneous chip thickness, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle, and the instantaneous chip angle;
when the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge cutting mode, the determining the cutting force for turning the thread to be machined according to at least the cutting mode, the chip area, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle, the cutting coefficient and the edge friction coefficient specifically includes:
and determining the cutting force according to the chip area, the arc radius of the tool nose, the chip angle of the tool nose, the tangential cutting coefficient, the axial cutting coefficient, the friction coefficient of the tangential cutting edge and the friction coefficient of the axial cutting edge.
7. The cutting force prediction method for thread turning according to claim 6,
when the cutting mode is the arc cutting edge cutting mode,
the chip area satisfies:
the cutting force satisfies:
wherein A is the chip area, A1Is the chip area of the circular cutting edge, theta1For the nose chip angle, h (theta) is the instantaneous chip thickness and satisfies
Is the angle of orientation and satisfies
rεIs the radius of the arc of the nose, apFor the radial feed, θ is the instantaneous chip angle, KtcAs the coefficient of tangential cutting, KacIs the axial cutting coefficient, KteIs the coefficient of friction of the tangential edge, KaeCoefficient of friction of the axial cutting edge, FtIs the tangential cutting force component of the cutting force, FrIs the radial cutting force component of the cutting force, FaIs the axial cutting force component of the cutting force.
8. The cutting force prediction method for screw turning according to claim 5, wherein the tool geometry parameter includes a tool tip angle of the threading tool, and the thread cutting parameter further includes a number of times of feed; the cutting coefficient comprises a tangential cutting coefficient and an axial cutting coefficient, and the cutting edge friction coefficient comprises a tangential cutting edge friction coefficient and an axial cutting edge friction coefficient;
when the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge cutting mode and a straight cutting edge cutting mode, the chip area determined at least according to the cutting mode, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle and the instantaneous chip thickness is specifically as follows:
determining the chip area according to the instantaneous chip thickness, the arc radius of the cutter point, the cutter point chip angle, the instantaneous chip angle, the cutter point angle and the feed times;
when the cutting mode is an arc cutting edge and a straight cutting edge, the determining the cutting force for turning the thread to be machined according to at least the cutting mode, the chip area, the nose arc radius, the nose chip angle, the cutting coefficient and the edge friction coefficient specifically includes:
and determining the cutting force according to the chip area, the arc radius of the cutter point, the chip angle of the cutter point, the tangential cutting coefficient, the cutting feed frequency, the radial feed amount, the axial cutting coefficient, the friction coefficient of the tangential cutting edge and the friction coefficient of the axial cutting edge.
9. The cutting force prediction method for thread turning according to claim 8,
when the cutting mode is the arc cutting edge and the straight cutting edge,
the chip area satisfies:
the cutting force satisfies:
wherein L is the length of the linear cutting edge and satisfies
h (theta) is the instantaneous chip thickness and satisfies
Is the angle of orientation and satisfies
A is the chip area, A1Is the chip area of the circular arc cutting edge, A2Chip area of straight cutting edge, theta1Is the cutting angle of the nose, rεIs the radius of the arc of the nose, epsilonrIs the angle of the knife tip, apTheta is an instantaneous chip angle, n is the number of times of the feed and is a natural number greater than 0, KtcAs the coefficient of tangential cutting, KacIs the axial cutting coefficient, KteIs the coefficient of friction of the tangential edge, KaeCoefficient of friction of the axial cutting edge, FtIs the tangential cutting force component of the cutting force, FrIs the radial cutting force component of the cutting force, FaIs the axial cutting force component of the cutting force.
10. A cutting force prediction apparatus for thread turning, characterized by performing the cutting force prediction method for thread turning according to any one of claims 2 to 9 and comprising:
the first parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring the tool geometric parameters of a threading tool for turning the thread to be machined, the thread cutting parameters and the thread geometric parameters of the thread to be machined;
the second parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient of the cutting area of the thread to be machined;
the tool nose chip angle determining module is used for determining a tool nose chip angle according to the geometric parameters of the tool; and the thread cutting force prediction module is used for predicting the cutting force of the threading tool for turning the thread to be machined according to the tool geometric parameters, the tool nose cutting angle, the thread geometric parameters, the cutting coefficient and the cutting edge friction coefficient.
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