CN112517425A - Circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading check out test set - Google Patents

Circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading check out test set Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN112517425A
CN112517425A CN202011078962.0A CN202011078962A CN112517425A CN 112517425 A CN112517425 A CN 112517425A CN 202011078962 A CN202011078962 A CN 202011078962A CN 112517425 A CN112517425 A CN 112517425A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
detection
circuit breaker
nail
processing unit
misloading
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202011078962.0A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
于海利
李文才
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Anhui Jiahui Electric Co ltd
Original Assignee
Anhui Jiahui Electric Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anhui Jiahui Electric Co ltd filed Critical Anhui Jiahui Electric Co ltd
Priority to CN202011078962.0A priority Critical patent/CN112517425A/en
Publication of CN112517425A publication Critical patent/CN112517425A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07CPOSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34Sorting according to other particular properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07CPOSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B07C5/361Processing or control devices therefor, e.g. escort memory
    • B07C5/362Separating or distributor mechanisms
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H69/00Apparatus or processes for the manufacture of emergency protective devices

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a detection device for neglected loading and wrong loading of a circuit breaker rivet, which comprises a processing unit, a detection unit, a test unit and a manual switch, wherein the processing unit is powered by an external power supply and is respectively and electrically connected with the detection unit, the test unit and the manual switch; the manual switch is used for sending an electric signal to the processing unit, and the processing unit is used for controlling the detection unit to work.

Description

Circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading check out test set
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of circuit breaker detection equipment, and particularly belongs to detection equipment for neglected loading and wrong loading of a rivet of a circuit breaker.
Background
The circuit breaker is a switching device capable of closing, carrying, and opening/closing a current under a normal circuit condition and a current under an abnormal circuit condition within a prescribed time. The circuit breakers are divided into high-voltage circuit breakers and low-voltage circuit breakers according to the application range, the high-voltage and low-voltage boundary lines are relatively vague, and the circuit breakers above 3kV are generally called high-voltage electric appliances. The circuit breaker can be used for distributing electric energy, starting an asynchronous motor infrequently, protecting a power supply circuit, the motor and the like, and automatically cutting off a circuit when faults such as serious overload, short circuit, undervoltage and the like occur, and the function of the circuit breaker is equivalent to the combination of a fuse type switch, an over-under-heat relay and the like. Furthermore, no parts need to be changed after breaking the fault current. At present, it has been widely used.
A circuit breaker generally includes a contact system, an arc extinguishing system, an operating mechanism, a trip unit, a case, and the like. When short circuit occurs, a magnetic field generated by large current (generally 10 to 12 times) overcomes a counterforce spring, a release pulls an operating mechanism to act, and a switch is tripped instantaneously. When the overload occurs, the current becomes large, the heating value becomes large, and the bimetallic strip deforms to a certain degree to push the mechanism to act (the larger the current is, the shorter the acting time is).
Because the circuit breaker requires highly to the security when using, consequently, at the in-process of production circuit breaker, will be strict carry out the bang to the quality of circuit breaker, each link in circuit breaker production all will carry out strict quality control, in order to avoid the circuit breaker to take place the problem of short circuit and inefficacy in the in-process that uses, the shell of circuit breaker need carry out the detection of rivet after the equipment, because there are a plurality of mounting holes on the circuit breaker, lead to easy neglected loading and misloading of circuit breaker rivet installation, and the circuit breaker detection after neglected loading and misloading is wasted time and energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a detection device for neglected loading and misloading of a rivet of a circuit breaker, which solves the problem that detection of the neglected loading and the misloaded circuit breaker is time-consuming and labor-consuming.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the detection equipment for detecting the neglected loading and the wrong loading of the rivet of the circuit breaker comprises a processing unit, a detection unit, a test unit and a manual switch, wherein the processing unit is powered by an external power supply and is respectively and electrically connected with the detection unit, the test unit and the manual switch; the manual switch is used for sending an electric signal to the processing unit and controlling the work of the detection unit through the processing unit.
Further, the processing unit is a PLC controller.
Furthermore, the processing unit is also connected with an alarm device.
Furthermore, the detection unit comprises a bottom plate, a detection device and a power device;
the power device comprises an air source, an electromagnetic valve and an air cylinder, the detection device and the air cylinder are arranged on the bottom plate, the air cylinder is connected with the air source through a pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve is arranged on the pipeline;
the detection device comprises a limiting plate, a push plate and a detection nail, wherein the limiting plate is fixedly installed on a bottom plate in front of the cylinder push rod, the push plate is installed on the cylinder push rod and corresponds to the limiting plate, the detection nail is movably installed on the push plate, the test unit is installed on the right side face of the push plate, and the detection nail can pass through the test unit.
Furthermore, the push plate is provided with at least two detection nails.
Furthermore, the test unit is a U-groove type photoelectric switch.
Further, the detection nail include steel nail, spring and spacing ring, the rear end of steel nail be equipped with the head of a nail, the steel nail pass the push pedal and the head of a nail is located the right flank of push pedal, the spacing ring install on the left steel nail of push pedal, spring mounting between spacing ring and push pedal.
Furthermore, the diameter of the steel nail on the left side of the limiting ring is smaller than that of the steel nail on the right side of the limiting ring.
Furthermore, the limiting plate be located push pedal one side still be equipped with spacing strip and support bar on the surface, spacing strip and the perpendicular setting of support bar, be located the border department of limiting plate respectively.
The using method of the detection equipment for the neglected loading and the misloading of the rivet of the circuit breaker comprises the following steps of:
s1, electrifying a processing unit and an air source of the device, placing the circuit breaker on a detection position formed by a limiting strip and a supporting strip on a limiting plate, operating a one-time manual switch by a worker, receiving an electric signal of the manual switch by the processing unit, controlling an electromagnetic valve to be opened, enabling an air cylinder to push a push plate to move to the limiting plate, and correspondingly inserting a detection nail into a rivet hole on the circuit breaker;
s2, when the neglected loading problem occurs, all the corresponding detection nails are inserted into the rivet holes, and the photoelectric switches corresponding to the detection nails cannot be blocked by the steel nails to generate electric signals, at the moment, the processing unit collects less electric signals, so that the processing unit does not send the electric signals to the electromagnetic valve, the bad circuit breaker is clamped between the limiting plate and the push plate, meanwhile, the processing unit starts the alarm device to remind a worker that the circuit breaker is bad, then the worker operates the manual switch, the processing unit receives the electric signals of the manual switch, then the electromagnetic valve is controlled to disconnect the pipeline of the cylinder, the push plate returns to the original position, and the worker takes out the bad circuit breaker;
s3, when the detection nail is inserted into a rivet hole on the breaker correspondingly and is misassembled, the detection nail at the misassembled position cannot be completely inserted into the corresponding mounting hole, the detection nail at the misassembled position is jacked up by the rivet and blocks the photoelectric switch, and the processing unit collects redundant electric signals, so that the processing unit does not send the electric signals to the electromagnetic valve, the bad breaker is clamped between the limiting plate and the push plate, meanwhile, the processing unit starts the alarm device to remind a worker that the breaker is bad, then the worker operates the manual switch, receives the electric signals of the manual switch, controls the electromagnetic valve to break the pipeline of the cylinder, the push plate returns to the original position, and the worker takes out the bad breaker;
s4, when the detection nail is inserted into the rivet hole on the circuit breaker correspondingly, the wrong installation and the neglected installation are avoided, the number of the signals received by the processing unit is equal to the preset number of the signals, at the moment, the processing unit controls the electromagnetic valve to break the pipeline of the air cylinder, the push plate returns to the original position, the circuit breaker is taken out by a worker, the operation is repeated, and the next circuit breaker is detected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following implementation effects:
1. according to the invention, the detection unit is controlled by the processing unit, so that the detection efficiency of the workers on the wrong installation and the neglected installation of the rivets of the circuit breaker is improved;
2. the detection equipment can remind workers to remove bad circuit breakers, and when the bad circuit breakers appear, the push plate cannot be moved away from the circuit breakers, so that the problem that the bad circuit breakers are placed into qualified products due to inertia actions generated after the workers work for a long time is avoided;
3. the detection nail on the detection plate can be automatically reset, the separation effect of the detection nail and the photoelectric switch is good, machine errors can be avoided, and the test unit of the detection nail detection device and the detection nail are simple in structure, convenient to maintain and use and low in manufacturing cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The detection equipment for detecting the neglected loading and the wrong loading of the rivet of the circuit breaker shown in the figures 1-5 comprises a processing unit 1, a detection unit, a test unit 9 and a manual switch 2, wherein the processing unit 1 is a PLC (programmable logic controller), the processing unit 1 is powered by an external power supply, the processing unit 1 is respectively electrically connected with the detection unit, the test unit 9 and the manual switch 2, the processing unit 1 is also connected with an alarm device 5, and the alarm device 5 can adopt a buzzer and can remind a worker to remove a defective circuit breaker when a defective product appears; and the detection unit is controlled by the processing unit 1, so that the detection efficiency of the worker on the wrong installation and the neglected installation of the rivets of the circuit breaker is improved.
The test unit 9 is arranged on the detection unit, and the test unit 9 is a U-groove-shaped photoelectric switch and is used for receiving an action signal generated on the detection unit; the manual switch 2 is used to send an electrical signal to the processing unit 1, and the processing unit 1 controls the operation of the detection unit.
The detection unit comprises a bottom plate 4, a detection device and a power device; the power device comprises an air source 32, an electromagnetic valve 3 and an air cylinder 6, wherein the air source 32 can use an air compressor, the air source 32 is powered by an external power supply, the detection device and the air cylinder 6 are arranged on the bottom plate 4, the air cylinder 6 is connected with the air source 32 through a pipeline 31, and the electromagnetic valve 3 is arranged on the pipeline 31; detection device includes limiting plate 8, push pedal 7 and detection nail 70, 8 fixed mounting of limiting plate on the bottom plate 4 in cylinder 6 push rod the place ahead, 8 limiting plates that lie in push pedal 7 one side still are equipped with spacing 81 and support bar 82 on the surface, spacing 81 sets up with support bar 82 is perpendicular, be located 8 border departments of limiting plate respectively, push pedal 7 is installed on 6 push rods of cylinder, correspond the setting with limiting plate 8, detect nail 70 movable mounting on push pedal 7, test unit 9 installs on 7 right flank of push pedal, it can pass test unit 9 to detect nail 70.
Install eight detection nails 70 on the push pedal 7, detect that nail 70 carries out rational arrangement according to the position that needs the test on the circuit breaker, it includes steel nail 73 to detect nail 70, spring 74 and spacing ring 72, the rear end of steel nail 73 is equipped with the nut 71, steel nail 73 passes push pedal 7, and nut 71 is located the right flank of push pedal 7, spacing ring 72 is installed on the left steel nail 73 of push pedal 7, spring 74 installs between spacing ring 72 and push pedal 7, the diameter of the left steel nail 73 of spacing ring 72 is less than the diameter of the right side steel nail 73 of spacing ring 72.
The using method of the detection equipment for the neglected loading and the misloading of the rivet of the circuit breaker comprises the following steps of:
s1, electrifying the processing unit 1 and the air source 32 of the device, placing the circuit breaker on a detection position formed by a limiting strip 81 and a supporting strip 82 on a limiting plate 8, operating the manual switch 2 once by a worker, receiving an electric signal of the manual switch 2 by the processing unit 1, controlling the electromagnetic valve 3 to be opened, enabling the air cylinder 6 to push the push plate 7 to move to the limiting plate 8, and correspondingly inserting the detection nail 70 into a rivet hole on the circuit breaker;
s2, when the neglected loading problem occurs, the corresponding detection nails 70 are all inserted into the rivet holes, and the photoelectric switches corresponding to the detection nails 70 are not blocked by the steel nails 73 to generate electric signals, at the moment, the electric signals collected by the processing unit 1 do not accord with preset electric signals, so that the processing unit does not send electric signals to the electromagnetic valve 3, the bad circuit breaker is clamped between the limiting plate 8 and the push plate 7, meanwhile, the processing unit 1 starts the alarm device 5 to remind a worker that the circuit breaker is bad, then the worker operates the manual switch 2, the processing unit 1 receives the electric signals of the manual switch 2, then the electromagnetic valve 3 is controlled to disconnect the pipeline 31 of the cylinder 6, the push plate 7 returns to the original position, and the worker takes out the bad circuit breaker;
s3, when the detection nail 70 is inserted into a rivet hole on the circuit breaker correspondingly and is misassembled, the detection nail 70 at the misassembled position cannot be inserted into the corresponding mounting hole completely, the detection nail 70 at the misassembled position is jacked up by the rivet to block the photoelectric switch, so that the electric signal collected by the processing unit 1 does not accord with the preset electric signal, the processing unit does not send the electric signal to the electromagnetic valve 3, the bad circuit breaker is clamped between the limiting plate 8 and the push plate 7, meanwhile, the processing unit 1 starts the alarm device 5 to remind a worker of the bad circuit breaker, then the worker operates the manual switch 2, the processing unit 1 receives the electric signal of the manual switch 2, then the electromagnetic valve 3 is controlled to disconnect the pipeline 31 of the air cylinder 6, the push plate 7 returns to the original position, and the worker takes out the bad circuit breaker;
s4, when the detection nail 70 is inserted into the rivet hole of the breaker correspondingly and has no wrong installation or neglected installation problem, the processing unit 1 receives the collected electric signal and accords with the preset electric signal, at the moment, the processing unit 1 controls the electromagnetic valve 3 to break the pipeline 31 of the air cylinder 6, the push plate 7 returns to the original position, the worker takes out the breaker and repeats the operation to detect the next breaker.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. Circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading check out test set, its characterized in that: the device comprises a processing unit, a detection unit, a test unit and a manual switch, wherein the processing unit is powered by an external power supply and is respectively electrically connected with the detection unit, the test unit and the manual switch; the manual switch is used for sending an electric signal to the processing unit and controlling the work of the detection unit through the processing unit.
2. The circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading detection apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that: the processing unit is a PLC controller.
3. The circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading detection apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that: the processing unit is also connected with an alarm device.
4. The circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading detection apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that: the detection unit comprises a bottom plate, a detection device and a power device;
the power device comprises an air source, an electromagnetic valve and an air cylinder, the detection device and the air cylinder are arranged on the bottom plate, the air cylinder is connected with the air source through a pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve is arranged on the pipeline;
the detection device comprises a limiting plate, a push plate and a detection nail, wherein the limiting plate is fixedly installed on a bottom plate in front of the cylinder push rod, the push plate is installed on the cylinder push rod and corresponds to the limiting plate, the detection nail is movably installed on the push plate, the test unit is installed on the right side face of the push plate, and the detection nail can pass through the test unit.
5. The circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading detection apparatus of claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the test unit is a U-groove type photoelectric switch.
6. The circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading detection apparatus of claim 4, characterized in that: the push pedal on install two at least and detect the nail, the detection nail include steel nail, spring and spacing ring, the rear end of steel nail be equipped with the head of a nail, the steel nail pass the push pedal, and the head of a nail is located the right flank of push pedal, the spacing ring install on the left steel nail of push pedal, spring mounting between spacing ring and push pedal.
7. The circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading detection apparatus of claim 6, characterized in that: the diameter of the steel nail on the left side of the limiting ring is smaller than that of the steel nail on the right side of the limiting ring.
8. The circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading detection apparatus of claim 4, characterized in that: the limiting plate is also provided with a limiting strip and a supporting strip on the surface of one side of the push plate, and the limiting strip is perpendicular to the supporting strip and is respectively positioned at the edge of the limiting plate.
CN202011078962.0A 2020-10-10 2020-10-10 Circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading check out test set Pending CN112517425A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011078962.0A CN112517425A (en) 2020-10-10 2020-10-10 Circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading check out test set

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011078962.0A CN112517425A (en) 2020-10-10 2020-10-10 Circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading check out test set

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN112517425A true CN112517425A (en) 2021-03-19

Family

ID=74978905

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202011078962.0A Pending CN112517425A (en) 2020-10-10 2020-10-10 Circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading check out test set

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN112517425A (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103658056A (en) * 2013-12-25 2014-03-26 青岛乾程电子科技有限公司 Automatic miss detection method for an electric meter screw
CN207675211U (en) * 2018-01-31 2018-07-31 广泰精密冲压(苏州)有限公司 A kind of rivet installation detecting device
CN109596337A (en) * 2019-02-15 2019-04-09 重庆康世德源科技实业有限公司 A kind of equipment and application method detecting the misloading neglected loading of reel nut
CN109976313A (en) * 2019-04-22 2019-07-05 北京工业大学 A kind of automatically controlled test macro and diagnostic device of liquid electricity retarder
CN109991674A (en) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-09 上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司 A kind of rivet gas control detection system
CN111007579A (en) * 2019-12-13 2020-04-14 南京雷石电子科技有限公司 Neglected loading detection device and detection method for electronic product

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103658056A (en) * 2013-12-25 2014-03-26 青岛乾程电子科技有限公司 Automatic miss detection method for an electric meter screw
CN109991674A (en) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-09 上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司 A kind of rivet gas control detection system
CN207675211U (en) * 2018-01-31 2018-07-31 广泰精密冲压(苏州)有限公司 A kind of rivet installation detecting device
CN109596337A (en) * 2019-02-15 2019-04-09 重庆康世德源科技实业有限公司 A kind of equipment and application method detecting the misloading neglected loading of reel nut
CN109976313A (en) * 2019-04-22 2019-07-05 北京工业大学 A kind of automatically controlled test macro and diagnostic device of liquid electricity retarder
CN111007579A (en) * 2019-12-13 2020-04-14 南京雷石电子科技有限公司 Neglected loading detection device and detection method for electronic product

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7855873B2 (en) Panelboard for fusible switching disconnect devices
CN201549868U (en) Low-voltage switch intelligent controller
CN112517425A (en) Circuit breaker rivet neglected loading, misloading check out test set
CN216648870U (en) High-low voltage distribution cabinet generating line top end case
CN213633726U (en) Circuit breaker circuit on-off characteristic detection device and system
CN202794462U (en) Intelligent fault diagnosis device for opening and closing coils
CN213691897U (en) Welding fixture device of magnetic tripping assembly of circuit breaker
CN208608157U (en) A kind of durable line-breaker
CN213633728U (en) Semi-automatic delay detection device of circuit breaker
CN106158523B (en) A kind of circuit breaker failure tripping indicating device
EP1318587B1 (en) Apparatus and method for servicing a distribution bus
CN109802377A (en) A kind of transfevent ground connection arc-extinction device
CN213401035U (en) Even discharging device of circuit breaker
CN206163446U (en) Control of fire control type and protection switch electrical apparatus with debugging facility
CN214227819U (en) Generator-transformer group protection device and generator-transformer group protection equipment
CN213633727U (en) Breaker safety performance detection equipment
CN114334537B (en) Backup protector of gapless surge protector
CN213633729U (en) Withstand voltage characteristic detection box for multi-model circuit breakers
CN218447718U (en) Convenient thermal relay reset system
CN215183596U (en) Novel chip welding machine electrical control switch
CN220420518U (en) Circuit breaker with protect function
CN219998619U (en) Circuit breaker for thermal power plant
CN221352666U (en) Wire outlet structure from two side directions of fixed contact and moving contact of circuit breaker
CN219348946U (en) Circuit breaker test frame
CN118213880B (en) Low-voltage switch cabinet of alternating-current power supply system for intelligent station

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination