CN112502894A - Method and device for controlling speed regulator of water turbine for monitoring efficiency of generator set - Google Patents
Method and device for controlling speed regulator of water turbine for monitoring efficiency of generator set Download PDFInfo
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- CN112502894A CN112502894A CN202011192140.5A CN202011192140A CN112502894A CN 112502894 A CN112502894 A CN 112502894A CN 202011192140 A CN202011192140 A CN 202011192140A CN 112502894 A CN112502894 A CN 112502894A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
- F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
- F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/008—Measuring or testing arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
- F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
- F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
- F03B15/16—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically by power output
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Control Of Water Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for controlling a speed governor of a water turbine for monitoring the efficiency of a generator set, which comprises the following steps: calculating the real-time efficiency of the water-turbine generator set according to the power, the flow and the water head data of the generator set; subtracting the real-time efficiency of the water-turbine generator set from the theoretical unit efficiency under the current unit water head, and if the deviation exceeds a set threshold value, sending an alarm signal; otherwise, obtaining the optimal efficiency opening of the current unit water head according to the characteristic water head and the corresponding optimal efficiency opening, and further adjusting the opening of the guide vane to enable the unit to operate under the highest efficiency of the current water head, namely ensuring that the unit operates under the optimal efficiency mode. The invention can monitor the efficiency of the unit in real time and automatically adjust the opening of the guide vane according to the water head under normal efficiency, so that the unit can operate under the highest efficiency of the current water head.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water turbine speed regulators, in particular to a water turbine speed regulator control method and device for monitoring the efficiency of a generator set.
Background
The developed water and electricity are put in the preferential position of energy development in all countries in the world at present, the water turbine is used as one of the most key parts of the hydraulic generator set, and the efficiency of the water turbine directly influences the benefit of the whole set. Hydropower stations are specially used for water turbine efficiency tests every year, and conventional means for monitoring the unit efficiency in real time are lacked.
For the efficiency test of the unit, the power station generally detects whether the unit is qualified routinely, or determines whether to perform overall optimization according to the overall operation condition, and higher real-time efficiency can not be obtained by changing the operation working condition of a single unit. The efficiency of the unit is improved, and more electric energy can be generated by limited water resources.
The head of the water varies when the hydroelectric power station is in operation. Although there is a design head, the unit is not always operated at the design head, and the operating head of the unit is a range. The efficiency of a turbine varies at different heads, and in general, turbines have the highest point of efficiency at a certain head, operating near this head, the further the deviation, the lower the efficiency. The water turbine has different flow efficiencies under a certain fixed water head, and if the highest efficiency under the water head is reached under a certain flow rate, the more flow deviation is, and the lower the efficiency is. Some heads may be inefficient if the opening of the guide vanes is not appropriate.
In the initial stage of hydropower station construction, when the water turbine is selected, the water head range and the efficiency of the water turbine are important model selection bases. (preferably a turbine with higher efficiency and higher power for a larger head range)
After the hydropower station is built, the equipment is shaped, only efficiency tests are required to be performed periodically for inspection, and sometimes some runners or blades are optimized after the hydropower station is put into operation to improve the efficiency.
The speed regulator is used as necessary equipment of a hydropower station and is also core equipment for controlling the water turbine. The water turbine controlled by the speed regulator in actual production is fixed and single, has self-running characteristic, and the efficiency is changed under the working conditions of different water heads and different flow rates. At present, only part of power stations are provided with equipment for monitoring the unit efficiency in real time, and generally only reference is made without participating in control. At present, the speed regulator cannot improve efficiency by automatically adapting to water head change.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a control method and a control device for a water turbine speed regulator for monitoring the efficiency of a generator set, and solves the problem that the efficiency of the existing speed regulator cannot be improved by automatically adapting to the water head change.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a hydro governor control method for monitoring generator set efficiency includes the steps:
calculating the real-time efficiency of the water-turbine generator set according to the power, the flow and the water head data of the generator set;
subtracting the real-time efficiency of the water-turbine generator set from the theoretical unit efficiency under the current unit water head, and sending an alarm signal if the deviation exceeds a set threshold; if not, then,
and obtaining the optimal efficiency opening degree of the current unit water head according to the characteristic water head and the corresponding optimal efficiency opening degree, and further adjusting the opening degree of the guide vane to enable the unit to operate at the highest efficiency of the current water head.
Further, the real-time efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein eta is the real-time efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set, etaTFor efficiency of water turbine, ηGFor generator efficiency, P is the generator power, in kW, Q is the flow, in m3/s，HrIs the unit head, m.
Further, the method for obtaining the optimal efficiency opening degree of the current unit water head according to the characteristic water head and the corresponding optimal efficiency opening degree comprises the following steps: and obtaining the optimal efficiency opening corresponding to the current unit water head by using an interpolation correction method according to the characteristic water head and the optimal efficiency opening.
Further, the interpolation correction method is as follows: if the current water head H of the unit is positioned between two adjacent characteristic water heads Ha and Hb, and the optimal efficiency opening degree corresponding to the characteristic water heads Ha and Hb is ya and yb, the optimal efficiency opening degree corresponding to the current water head of the unit is
l is a correction coefficient.
Further, the current unit water head obtaining method comprises the following steps: subtracting the downstream water level from the upstream water level, and then subtracting the hydraulic loss;
if the upstream water level feedback fault or/and the downstream water level feedback fault exists, the current unit water head is a manually set water head;
if the current unit water head is smaller than the minimum set water head, the current unit water head is made to be the minimum set water head;
and if the current unit water head is larger than the maximum set water head, the current unit water head is made to be the maximum set water head.
A governor control for a hydro turbine that monitors generator set efficiency, comprising:
the unit real-time efficiency calculation module is used for calculating the real-time efficiency of the water-turbine generator set according to the power, the flow and the water head data of the generator;
the alarm module is used for subtracting the real-time efficiency of the water turbine generator set from the theoretical unit efficiency under the current unit water head, and sending an alarm signal if the deviation exceeds a set threshold value;
and the guide vane opening automatic adjusting module is used for obtaining the optimal efficiency opening of the current unit water head according to the characteristic water head and the corresponding optimal efficiency opening under the condition that the deviation does not exceed a set threshold value, and further adjusting the guide vane opening to enable the unit to operate at the highest efficiency of the current water head.
Further, the real-time efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein eta is the real-time efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set, etaTFor efficiency of water turbine, ηGFor generator efficiency, P is the generator power, in kW, Q is the flow, in m3/s，HrIs the unit head, m.
Further, the method for obtaining the optimal efficiency opening degree of the current unit water head according to the characteristic water head and the corresponding optimal efficiency opening degree comprises the following steps: and obtaining the optimal efficiency opening corresponding to the current unit water head by using an interpolation correction method according to the characteristic water head and the optimal efficiency opening.
Further, the interpolation correction method is as follows: if the current water head H of the unit is positioned between two adjacent characteristic water heads Ha and Hb, and the optimal efficiency opening degree corresponding to the characteristic water heads Ha and Hb is ya and yb, the optimal efficiency opening degree corresponding to the current water head of the unit is
l is a correction coefficient.
Further, the current unit water head obtaining method comprises the following steps: subtracting the downstream water level from the upstream water level, and then subtracting the hydraulic loss;
if the upstream water level feedback fault or/and the downstream water level feedback fault exist, the water head of the unit is a manually set water head; if the current unit water head is smaller than the minimum set water head, the current unit water head is made to be the minimum set water head;
and if the current unit water head is larger than the maximum set water head, the current unit water head is made to be the maximum set water head.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects: the real-time efficiency of the water-turbine generator set is calculated according to the power, the flow and the water head data of the generator set, the real-time efficiency of the water-turbine generator set is subtracted from the theoretical unit efficiency under the current water head of the unit, and if the deviation exceeds a set threshold value, an alarm signal is sent; otherwise, obtaining the optimal efficiency opening degree of the current unit water head according to the characteristic water head and the corresponding optimal efficiency opening degree, and further adjusting the guide vane opening degree to enable the unit to operate at the highest efficiency of the current water head.
When the real-time efficiency of the unit is abnormal, an alarm prompt is sent, and under normal efficiency, the opening of the guide vane is automatically controlled according to the change of the water head, so that the water turbine generator set always operates at the optimal efficiency of the current water head.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of automatically controlling the opening degree of guide vanes in accordance with a water head change in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a governor control method for a hydro turbine for monitoring efficiency of a generator set includes the steps of:
step 1, calculating the real-time efficiency of a hydroelectric generating set according to the power, the flow and the water head data of the hydroelectric generating set;
the calculation formula of the efficiency of the water turbine is as follows:
the calculation formula of the generator efficiency is as follows:
the calculation formula of the real-time efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set is as follows:
wherein eta is the efficiency of the generator set, etaTFor efficiency of water turbine, ηGFor generator efficiency, P is the generator power, in kW, Q is the flow, in m3/s，HrIs the unit head, m.
According to the formula, the efficiency of the hydraulic generator set can be calculated according to the power, the flow and the water head data of the set. The power signal is provided by a power transmitter.
The difference between the upstream water level and the downstream water level is measured by a water level meter, the difference between the upstream water level and the downstream water level is a capillary water head, and the difference between the upstream water level and the downstream water level is a hydraulic loss, so that the difference is a unit water head.
If the upstream water level feedback fault or/and the downstream water level feedback fault occurs, the water head of the unit is a manually set water head, and the upstream water level fault is alarmed;
the flow signal is provided by a flow meter. The conventional speed regulator has a water head and a power signal, and the real-time efficiency of the unit can be calculated only by accessing a signal of the flow meter and setting hydraulic loss in PLC programming.
Step 2, the real-time efficiency of the water turbine generator set (eta is used in figure 1)1Represented) and theoretical unit efficiency (denoted as η in fig. 1) at the current unit head of the unit0Representation), if the deviation exceeds a set threshold value theta, an alarm signal is sent out, and the unit efficiency is low; otherwise, entering step 3;
the alarm needs to be delayed to avoid false alarms in view of the transient process conditions of the unit. The efficiency deviation reaches the set value of how many alarms are set according to the actual condition, and the alarm delay can be modified according to the actual requirement.
And 3, obtaining the optimal efficiency opening target value of the current unit water head according to the array relation of the characteristic water head and the corresponding optimal efficiency opening, and adjusting the guide vane opening (namely opening PI adjustment in the figure 1) according to the target value to enable the unit to operate at the highest efficiency of the current water head.
If the current unit water head H is smaller than the minimum set water head Hmin, the current unit water head H is made to be the minimum set water head Hmin;
if the current unit water head H is larger than the maximum set water head Hmax, the current unit water head H is made to be the maximum set water head Hmax;
according to the actual condition of the unit, a plurality of characteristic water heads of the unit, the theoretical optimal efficiency and the guide vane opening corresponding to the optimal efficiency are obtained, and a table 1 is obtained. Obtaining the optimal efficiency opening corresponding to the current unit water head by using an interpolation correction method according to the characteristic water head and the optimal efficiency opening;
the interpolation correction method is an algorithm which is developed according to the characteristics of the characteristic curve of the hydraulic turbine set and has higher precision than the interpolation method. If the current unit water head H is positioned between two adjacent characteristic water heads Ha and Hb, and the optimal efficiency opening degree corresponding to the characteristic water heads Ha and Hb is ya and yb, the optimal efficiency opening degree corresponding to the current unit water head is
l is a correction coefficient and can be adjusted according to different characteristic curves of the hydraulic turbine set.
By adopting the difference correction method, the interpolation accuracy is higher.
Because an interpolation correction method is used, the more the characteristic water head is taken, the more accurate the opening corresponding to the optimal efficiency is. As shown in table 1, seven characteristic water heads were obtained, and the current optimum efficiency opening was obtained by calculation based on the measured current water head.
Table 1 shows the relationship table of characteristic water head, optimal efficiency and opening degree of a certain unit under rated load
And giving the opening degree of the optimal efficiency to the guide vane opening degree, executing, and adjusting the guide vane opening degree to the optimal opening degree position.
Example 2:
a governor control for a hydro turbine that monitors generator set efficiency, comprising:
the unit real-time efficiency calculation module is used for calculating the real-time efficiency of the water-turbine generator set according to the power, the flow and the water head data of the generator;
the alarm module is used for subtracting the real-time efficiency of the water turbine generator set from the theoretical unit efficiency under the current unit water head, and sending an alarm signal if the deviation exceeds a set threshold value;
and the guide vane opening automatic adjusting module is used for obtaining the optimal efficiency opening of the current unit water head according to the characteristic water head and the corresponding optimal efficiency opening under the condition that the deviation does not exceed a set threshold value, and further adjusting the guide vane opening to enable the unit to operate at the highest efficiency of the current water head.
Further, the real-time efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein eta is the real-time efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set, etaTFor efficiency of water turbine, ηGFor generator efficiency, P is the generator power, in kW, Q is the flow, in m3/s，HrIs the unit head, m.
Further, the method for obtaining the optimal efficiency opening degree of the current unit water head according to the characteristic water head and the corresponding optimal efficiency opening degree comprises the following steps: and obtaining the optimal efficiency opening corresponding to the current unit water head by using an interpolation correction method according to the characteristic water head and the optimal efficiency opening.
Further, the interpolation correction method is as follows: if the current water head H of the unit is positioned between two adjacent characteristic water heads Ha and Hb, and the optimal efficiency opening degree corresponding to the characteristic water heads Ha and Hb is ya and yb, the optimal efficiency opening degree corresponding to the current water head of the unit is
l is a correction coefficient.
Further, the current unit water head obtaining method comprises the following steps: subtracting the downstream water level from the upstream water level, and then subtracting the hydraulic loss;
if the upstream water level feedback fault or/and the downstream water level feedback fault exist, the water head of the unit is a manually set water head; if the current unit water head is smaller than the minimum set water head, the current unit water head is made to be the minimum set water head;
and if the current unit water head is larger than the maximum set water head, the current unit water head is made to be the maximum set water head.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A control method of a water turbine speed regulator for monitoring the efficiency of a generator set is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
calculating the real-time efficiency of the water-turbine generator set according to the power, the flow and the water head data of the generator set;
subtracting the real-time efficiency of the water-turbine generator set from the theoretical unit efficiency under the current unit water head, and if the deviation exceeds a set threshold value, sending an alarm signal; if not, then,
and obtaining the optimal efficiency opening degree of the current unit water head according to the characteristic water head and the corresponding optimal efficiency opening degree, and further adjusting the opening degree of the guide vane to enable the unit to operate at the highest efficiency of the current water head.
2. The governor control method of claim 1, wherein the governor control method comprises: the real-time efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set is calculated by the following formula:
wherein eta is the real-time efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set, etaTFor efficiency of water turbine, ηGFor generator efficiency, P is the generator power, in kW, Q is the flow, in m3/s，HrIs the unit head, m.
3. The governor control method of claim 1, wherein the governor control method comprises: the method for obtaining the optimal efficiency opening degree of the current unit water head according to the characteristic water head and the corresponding optimal efficiency opening degree comprises the following steps: and obtaining the optimal efficiency opening corresponding to the current unit water head by using an interpolation correction method according to the characteristic water head and the optimal efficiency opening.
4. The governor control method of claim 3, wherein the governor control method comprises: the interpolation correction method comprises the following steps: if the current water head H of the unit is positioned between two adjacent characteristic water heads Ha and Hb, and the optimal efficiency opening degree corresponding to the characteristic water heads Ha and Hb is ya and yb, the optimal efficiency opening degree corresponding to the current water head of the unit is
l is a correction coefficient.
5. The governor control method of claim 1, wherein the governor control method comprises: the current unit water head obtaining method comprises the following steps: subtracting downstream water level from upstream water level, and subtracting hydraulic loss;
if the upstream water level feedback fault or/and the downstream water level feedback fault exists, the current unit water head is a manually set water head;
if the current unit water head is smaller than the minimum set water head, the current unit water head is made to be the minimum set water head;
and if the current unit water head is larger than the maximum set water head, the current unit water head is made to be the maximum set water head.
6. The utility model provides a hydraulic turbine speed regulator controlling means of monitoring generating set efficiency which characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
the unit real-time efficiency calculation module is used for calculating the real-time efficiency of the water-turbine generator set according to the power, the flow and the water head data of the generator;
the alarm module is used for subtracting the real-time efficiency of the water turbine generator set from the theoretical unit efficiency under the current unit water head, and sending an alarm signal if the deviation exceeds a set threshold value;
and the guide vane opening automatic adjusting module is used for obtaining the optimal efficiency opening of the current unit water head according to the characteristic water head and the corresponding optimal efficiency opening under the condition that the deviation does not exceed a set threshold value, and further adjusting the guide vane opening to enable the unit to operate at the highest efficiency of the current water head.
7. The governor control of claim 1, wherein the governor control device is configured to monitor a generator set efficiency by: the real-time efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set is calculated by the following formula:
wherein eta is the real-time efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set, etaTFor efficiency of water turbine, ηGFor generator efficiency, P is the generator power, in kW, Q is the flow, in m3/s，HrIs the unit head, m.
8. The governor control of claim 6, wherein the governor control unit is configured to: the method for obtaining the optimal efficiency opening degree of the current unit water head according to the characteristic water head and the corresponding optimal efficiency opening degree comprises the following steps: and obtaining the optimal efficiency opening corresponding to the current unit water head by using an interpolation correction method according to the characteristic water head and the optimal efficiency opening.
9. According to claim8 the speed governor control method of the hydraulic turbine for monitoring the efficiency of the generator set is characterized in that: the interpolation correction method comprises the following steps: if the current water head H of the unit is positioned between two adjacent characteristic water heads Ha and Hb, and the optimal efficiency opening degree corresponding to the characteristic water heads Ha and Hb is ya and yb, the optimal efficiency opening degree corresponding to the current water head of the unit is
l is a correction coefficient.
10. The governor control of claim 6, wherein the governor control unit is configured to: the current unit water head obtaining method comprises the following steps: subtracting downstream water level from upstream water level, and subtracting hydraulic loss;
if the upstream water level feedback fault or/and the downstream water level feedback fault exist, the water head of the unit is a manually set water head; if the current unit water head is smaller than the minimum set water head, the current unit water head is made to be the minimum set water head;
and if the current unit water head is larger than the maximum set water head, the current unit water head is made to be the maximum set water head.
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| CN114483431A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-05-13 | 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 | Hydropower station speed regulator water head calculation and calibration system and method |
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