CN112502684A - Oil and gas reservoir transformation process, method for creating complex fracture and self-explosion type propping agent - Google Patents
Oil and gas reservoir transformation process, method for creating complex fracture and self-explosion type propping agent Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 42
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
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- ZMRUPTIKESYGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N propranolol hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].C1=CC=C2C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 ZMRUPTIKESYGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an oil and gas reservoir transformation process, a method for creating complex fractures and a self-explosion type propping agent, wherein the method comprises the following steps: pumping fracturing fluid containing a self-explosion type propping agent with the concentration of 0.1-0.9 time of critical mass volume concentration into an oil-gas well to enable the fracturing fluid to enter an initial main fracture of a stratum, wherein the self-explosion type propping agent is spherical and comprises a base body, an explosive layer wrapping the base body and a protective layer wrapping the explosive layer; under the condition that the pressure is 200-250 MPa, the concentration of the self-explosion type propping agent is increased to be higher than the critical mass volume concentration, the self-explosion type propping agent triggers explosion and initiates chain explosion, so a large number of new cracks are manufactured at the tail ends of the main cracks, and a matrix generated after explosion is left in the new cracks to play a supporting role. The invention utilizes the explosion effect of the self-explosion type propping agent to form new cracks and the matrix enters the support to realize complex crack forms, thereby greatly improving the yield increase, injection increase and efficiency of drilling operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling of energy sources such as oil, natural gas, shale gas and the like, in particular to a self-explosion type propping agent for oil and gas reservoir transformation, a method for forming complex cracks by using the self-explosion type propping agent in a fracturing process of oil and gas reservoir transformation and an oil and gas reservoir transformation process.
Background
Energy sources such as petroleum, natural gas or shale gas and the like have very important functions in various aspects of production, life and the like of national economy, however, the population of China is large, and under the condition that the national fossil energy reserves are certain, the key point for improving the drilling efficiency and the yield of the energy sources in the drilling and exploitation process of the energy sources is particularly high.
The fracturing process is an important technological process for increasing production and injection in energy exploitation, and is characterized by that it utilizes the pressure-conducting property of liquid, and utilizes a high-pressure pump group on the ground to transfer the high-viscosity liquid into the pump by means of its discharge capacity greater than stratum absorption capacity, and can raise the high pressure at the bottom of well, and said pressure exceeds the ground stress of reservoir and rock tensile strength, and can produce crack in the stratum, and continuously inject the sand-carrying liquid with propping agent into the crack, and one side of the crack can be extended, and one side of the crack can be supported. After the pump is stopped, a high-permeability sand-filling crack with a certain width is formed in the reservoir, and because the crack enlarges an oil-gas flow channel, the flow mode is changed, the seepage resistance is reduced, and the effects of increasing the yield and increasing the injection can be achieved.
In the existing fracturing process, in order to improve the yield of a reservoir stratum, the reconstruction volume of the reservoir stratum is increased by adopting a mode of forming a complex fracture network. At present, a sand plug in a crack is usually adopted for temporary blocking to realize crack steering so as to increase the volume of reservoir transformation. However, although this method can increase the complexity of the fractures, the generated complex fracture network is mainly composed of several main fractures, and the number of secondary fractures is small, so that the complete reconstruction of the reservoir is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to address at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. For example, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a method for creating complex fractures by using self-explosive proppant in the fracturing process, so as to solve the problem of too few secondary fractures in the existing fracturing process.
In order to achieve the above objects, an aspect of the present invention provides a method for creating a complex fracture using a self-explosive proppant in a fracturing process, comprising the steps of: pumping a fracturing fluid containing a self-explosive proppant with a mass volume concentration of 0.1-0.9 times of a critical mass volume concentration into an oil-gas well so that the self-explosive proppant enters an initial main fracture of a stratum, wherein the self-explosive proppant is spherical and comprises a base body which is positioned in a sphere center and mainly plays a supporting role, an explosive layer wrapping the base body and a protective layer wrapping the explosive layer, the mass volume concentration is the ratio of the mass of the self-explosive proppant to the volume of the fracturing fluid, and the critical mass volume concentration is the mass volume concentration which can trigger the self-explosive proppant at the tail end of the initial main fracture to generate explosion under the pressure condition of 200-250 MPa; under the pressure condition of 200 MPa-250 MPa, the mass-to-volume ratio of the self-explosive propping agent in the fracturing fluid is increased to be higher than the critical mass-to-volume concentration, so that the self-explosive propping agent at the tail end of the initial main fracture is triggered to explode, and the chain explosion reaction of the adjacent self-explosive propping agent is triggered, so that a large number of new fractures are manufactured at the tail end of the initial main fracture, and a matrix generated after the self-explosive propping agent explodes is left in the new fractures to play a supporting role.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the critical mass volume concentration may range from 150kg/m3～250kg/m3. Further, the critical mass volume concentration may range from 200kg/m3。
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the matrix may be composed of rigid particles, and the outer diameter of the matrix may be 0.1mm to 2 mm; the thickness of the explosive layer can be 0.1 mm-1 mm, and the explosion heat can be 1000-6000 kJ/kg; the protective layer may be made of a waterproof polymer material or a metal material, and the thickness of the protective layer may be 0.1mm to 1 mm.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the rigid particles may have a particle size ranging from 0.1 to 2 mm.
In another aspect of the invention, a hydrocarbon reservoir transformation process is provided, which comprises the step of manufacturing a complex fracture network by adopting the method for manufacturing complex fractures in the fracturing process.
The invention further provides a self-explosion type proppant for oil and gas reservoir transformation, which is spherical and comprises a base body mainly used for supporting at the center of a sphere, an explosive layer wrapping the base body and a protective layer wrapping the explosive layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is characterized in that more new cracks are formed by the explosion effect generated by the self-explosion type propping agent in the secondary cracks, and the exposed matrix enters the new cracks and plays roles of extending and supporting after explosion, so that the complex crack form is realized, and the yield increase, injection increase and drilling efficiency of energy sources such as petroleum, natural gas, shale gas and the like are effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for creating complex fractures using self-explosive proppants in a fracturing process of example 2;
fig. 2 shows a schematic of the structure of the self-exploding proppant of the present invention.
The labels in the figure are:
1-substrate, 2-explosive layer and 3-protective layer.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, a method for creating a complex fracture using a self-explosive proppant in a fracturing process according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method of creating complex fractures with self-explosive proppants in a fracturing process comprises the steps of:
pumping the fracturing fluid containing the self-explosive propping agent with the mass volume concentration of 0.1-0.9 times of the critical mass volume concentration into an oil-gas well so that the self-explosive propping agent enters an initial main fracture of the stratum. For example, the critical mass volume concentration may range from 150kg/m3～250kg/m3(ii) a For example, further, the critical mass volume concentration is 200kg/m3The concentration of the self-explosion type propping agent of the fracturing fluid is 20kg/m3～180kg/m3. For example, pumping refers to the delivery of fracturing fluid in a manner that utilizes surface high pressure pump sets to deliver the fluid into the well. For example, the initial primary fracture may be formed by the high pressure of the fluid formed in the well exceeding the reservoir ground stress and rock tensile strength. The self-explosion type proppant is spherical and comprises a base body which is positioned in the center of the sphere and mainly plays a supporting role, an explosive layer wrapping the base body and a protective layer wrapping the explosive layer. For example, the sphericity includes not only the case where the sphericity is 1 but also the case where the sphericity is not 1 (for example, the sphericity of the explosive proppant is 0.8 or 0.9). Example (b)For example, the substrate may be composed of rigid particles (e.g., quartz sand or ceramic particles), and the outer diameter of the substrate may be 0.1mm to 2mm, and likewise, the sphericity of the substrate may include cases other than 1; the thickness of the explosive layer can be 0.1 mm-1 mm, and the explosion heat can be 1000-6000 kJ/kg (wherein, the explosion heat refers to the energy value generated by each kilogram of explosive); the protective layer may be made of a polymer material or a metal material capable of preventing water, and the thickness of the protective layer may be 0.1mm to 1 mm.
The mass volume concentration is the ratio of the mass of the self-explosion type propping agent to the volume of the fracturing fluid, and the critical mass volume concentration is the mass volume concentration which can trigger the self-explosion type propping agent at the tail end of the initial main crack to explode under the pressure of 200 MPa-250 MPa. That is, under the condition that the pressure of the fracturing fluid is 200MPa to 250MPa, the self-explosion type proppant can explode when the concentration of the self-explosion type proppant reaches the critical mass volume concentration. Here, the critical mass volume concentration may be a value or a measurable concentration range. For example 150kg/m3～160kg/m3，200kg/m3～210kg/m3，240kg/m3～250kg/m3. Here, the end of the initial primary fracture also includes a region near the end, which refers to the region of aggregation of the self-explosive proppant.
Under the pressure condition of 200-250 MPa, the mass-volume ratio of the self-explosive propping agent in the fracturing fluid is increased to be higher than the critical mass-volume concentration, so that the self-explosive propping agent at the tail end of the initial main fracture is triggered to explode; and initiating a chain detonation reaction of adjacent self-explosive proppants, thereby creating a large number of new fractures at the end of the initial main fracture; and the matrix resulting from the detonation of the explosive proppant will remain in the new fracture for propping purposes. That is, when the pressure of the fracturing fluid is in the range of 200MPa to 250MPa, and when one or more self-explosive proppants reach the critical mass volume concentration, the protective layer is stressed and extruded, and the explosive layer is also stressed at the same time, so that the explosive layer is caused to explode. After explosion, high pressure is instantaneously generated near an explosion point, so that the self-explosion type propping agent which does not reach the critical mass volume concentration nearby is also exploded, and a chain explosion reaction is initiated; the chain explosion reaction initiated has excellent effect on the formation of new cracks. Here, after the explosion occurs, the rigid particles in the matrix will be exposed to the fracturing fluid, and as new fractures form, they will continue to enter and prop along their way, preventing closure of the new fractures.
Example 2
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for creating complex fractures using self-explosive proppant in a fracturing process according to the present embodiment; fig. 2 shows a schematic of the structure of the explosive proppant of the present invention.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a method for creating complex fractures using self-explosive proppant in a fracturing process comprises the steps of:
preparing a spherical self-explosion type propping agent, wherein the self-explosion type propping agent comprises a base body 1 which is composed of quartz sand and has the grain diameter of 1 +/-0.1 mm, an explosive layer 2 which wraps the base body and has the thickness of 0.5 +/-0.1 mm and the explosion heat of 3000kJ/kg, and a protective layer 3 which wraps the explosive layer and is composed of carbon steel and has the thickness of 0.5 +/-0.1 mm. Determining that the critical mass volume concentration of the explosive proppant added into the fracturing fluid is 205 +/-5 kg/m under the condition that the pressure is 220 +/-5 MPa3. The mass volume concentration is 100kg/m3The fracturing fluid containing the self-explosion type proppant is input into an oil and gas well through a ground high-pressure pump set, and after a period of time, the self-explosion type proppant enters an initial main fracture of a stratum.
And adding a larger amount of self-explosive proppant into the fracturing fluid so as to improve the mass volume concentration of the self-explosive proppant in the fracturing fluid. The self-explosion propping agent is continuously gathered at the tail end of the main crack, the pressure of the fracturing fluid is 220MPa, and when the concentration rises to 205kg/m3At that time, the self-explosive proppant at the ends of the multiple primary fractures begins to explode, creating new fractures. In addition, after the explosion occurs, the pressure of the fracturing fluid nearby the explosion generation place rises rapidly, and the self-explosion type propping agent which does not reach the critical mass volume concentration is strongly extruded to generate an explosion effect, so that a chain explosion reaction is initiated. Production of chain explosion effectThe formation of a larger number of new fractures is promoted, and the quartz sand left behind after the explosion extends with and supports the new fractures. Thus, complex fractures of the reservoir are formed.
In summary, the beneficial effects of the invention include: the method for creating the complex fractures by using the self-explosion type propping agent in the fracturing process is provided, more new fractures are formed by the explosion effect generated by the self-explosion type propping agent in the secondary fractures, and the exposed matrix enters the new fractures after explosion and plays roles of extending and supporting, so that the complex fracture form is realized, and the yield increase, injection increase and drilling efficiency of energy sources such as petroleum, natural gas, shale gas and the like are effectively improved.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with the exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method of creating complex fractures during fracturing in hydrocarbon reservoir reconstruction, the method comprising the steps of:
pumping a fracturing fluid containing a self-explosive proppant with a mass volume concentration of 0.1-0.9 times of a critical mass volume concentration into an oil-gas well so that the self-explosive proppant enters an initial main fracture of a stratum, wherein the self-explosive proppant is spherical and comprises a base body which is positioned in a sphere center and mainly plays a supporting role, an explosive layer wrapping the base body and a protective layer wrapping the explosive layer, the mass volume concentration is the ratio of the mass of the self-explosive proppant to the volume of the fracturing fluid, and the critical mass volume concentration is the mass volume concentration which can trigger the self-explosive proppant at the tail end of the initial main fracture to generate explosion under the pressure condition of 200-250 MPa;
under the pressure ranging from 200MPa to 250MPa, the mass-to-volume ratio of the self-explosive propping agent in the fracturing fluid is increased to be higher than the critical mass-to-volume concentration, so that the self-explosive propping agent at the tail end of the initial main fracture is triggered to explode, and the chain explosion reaction of the adjacent self-explosive propping agent is triggered, so that a large number of new fractures are manufactured at the tail end of the initial main fracture, and a matrix generated after the self-explosive propping agent explodes is left in the new fractures to play a supporting role.
2. The method of creating complex fractures during fracturing of hydrocarbon reservoir reconstruction as claimed in claim 1, wherein said critical mass volume concentration is in the range of 150kg/m3～250kg/m3。
3. The method of creating complex fractures during fracturing for hydrocarbon reservoir reconstruction of claim 2, wherein the critical mass volume concentration is 200kg/m3。
4. The method of creating complex fractures during fracturing for hydrocarbon reservoir reconstruction of claim 1, wherein said matrix is comprised of rigid particles and has an outer diameter of 0.1mm to 2 mm; the thickness of the explosive layer is 0.1-1 mm, and the explosion heat is 1000-6000 kJ/kg; the protective layer is made of waterproof high polymer materials or metal materials, and the thickness of the protective layer is 0.1 mm-1 mm.
5. The method for creating complex fractures in the fracturing process of hydrocarbon reservoir reformation according to claim 4, characterized in that the particle size of the rigid particles is in the range of 0.1-2 mm.
6. A hydrocarbon reservoir modification process, comprising creating a complex fracture network using the method of creating complex fractures in a fracturing process of any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The self-explosion type proppant is characterized by being spherical and comprising a base body, an explosive layer and a protective layer, wherein the base body is located in a sphere center and mainly plays a supporting role, the explosive layer wraps the base body, and the protective layer wraps the explosive layer.
8. The self-explosive proppant for hydrocarbon reservoir reformation according to claim 7, characterized in that the matrix is composed of rigid particles, and the outer diameter of the matrix is 0.1mm to 2 mm; the thickness of the explosive layer is 0.1-1 mm, and the explosion heat is 1000-6000 kJ/kg; the protective layer is made of waterproof high polymer materials or metal materials, and the thickness of the protective layer is 0.1 mm-1 mm.
9. The self-explosive proppant for hydrocarbon reservoir modification of claim 8, wherein the rigid particles have a particle size in the range of 0.1mm to 2 mm.
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