CN112493046A - Mulberry cultivation method for producing mulberry sprouts - Google Patents
Mulberry cultivation method for producing mulberry sprouts Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mulberry cultivation method for producing mulberry sprouts, which belongs to the technical field of mulberry sprout production. Practice proves that the application of the mulberry bud cultivation technology can improve the yield of the mulberry bud, reduce the labor intensity, change the flavor of the mulberry bud and guarantee the continuous supply of the mulberry bud. According to experiments, the yield of the mulberry sprouts in the whole year can be increased by more than 40% by using the mulberry sprout cultivation technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mulberry bud vegetable production, and particularly relates to a mulberry cultivation method for producing mulberry buds.
Background
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a perennial deciduous tree of Morus genus of the family moraceae, and is spread over 28 provinces (autonomous region, prefecture city) and 1300 counties in China. The area of the mulberry field in 2019 reaches 75.53 kilohm2. The mulberry leaves contain rich various nutrients and bioactive substances such as saccharides, proteins, cellulose, vitamins, mineral substances, polyphenols, alkaloids, amino acids necessary for human bodies and the like, have high edible nutritive value, also have medicinal effects such as bacteriostasis, blood sugar reduction, blood pressure reduction, tumor resistance, aging resistance and the like, are confirmed to be food with homology of medicine and food by the national ministry of health, and are one of ideal raw materials of cheap and good natural functional food. In recent years, with the improvement of living standard of people, the dietary structure is remarkably changed, natural and safe foods are sought, natural diet returning and health care and health preservation become good desires of people for food consumption, and therefore, the mulberry bud vegetable with homology of medicine and food has good market development potential. The research on the comprehensive utilization of mulberry leaves at home and abroad is increasingly extensive and deep, and the trend of industrial development is gradually developing. Dozens of mulberry leaf foods including mulberry bud tea, mulberry leaf noodles, mulberry leaf cookie, mulberry leaf buckwheat noodles, etc. have been introduced in Japan. In China, mulberry leaf series products such as mulberry leaf juice beverage, mulberry bud tea, mulberry leaf nutrition fine dried noodles and the like also exist. In recent years, mulberry bud dishes gradually emerge, and particularly in the southern part of China, the mulberry bud dishes are popular with consumers in dietary connotations of health care, heat clearing, detoxifying and fire reducing, and various mulberry bud dishes not only appear in a special menu of a hotel, but also come into common families.
At present, a mulberry cultivation method for improving the yield of the mulberry sprouts is urgently needed in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mulberry cultivation method for producing mulberry sprouts. The mulberry leaf vegetable is mainly prepared from mulberry buds and tender leaves, so that the harvesting mode and the harvesting target of the mulberry leaf vegetable are different from those of the traditional silk cocoon cultivation, and the mulberry leaf vegetable is greatly different in cultivation management technology.
The specific scheme is as follows:
a mulberry cultivation method for producing mulberry sprouts comprises the following steps:
step 1, variety selection
The mulberry varieties suitable for the production of the mulberry sprouts include Esang No. 2, Nongsang No. 14, Yue sang No. 11 and Gui sang you No. 12. The mulberry varieties produced by mulberry sprouts can be reasonably selected in various places according to the climatic soil conditions.
Step 2, mulberry planting density of mulberry field with mulberry sprouts
The mulberry field with the aim of harvesting the mulberry sprouts is planted in wide and narrow rows, and the density is better than the density of the mulberry field.
And grafting mulberry varieties, wherein the row spacing is 1.7m, the row spacing is 0.26-0.33 m, and 1200-1500 mulberry seedlings are planted per 667 square meter. The hybrid mulberry varieties Guangdong mulberry No. 11 and Guisangyou No. 12 are better in wide and narrow row planting mode. 2.0m wide row, 0.67m narrow row, 0.16-0.25 m plant spacing, each 667m2Planting 2000-3000 plants.
Step 3, tree shape cultivation
The mulberry of the mulberry bud dish is mainly obtained by mulberry buds and tender leaves, so the tree form is cultivated in a way different from the silk cocoon cultivation, and is a tree form with branches and multi-layer branches formed on a fist and is a tree form which is somewhat similar to a tall clump of tea. A form of cultivating branch stems with a lower stem layer is adopted, the branch stems are fixed and cultivated 40cm away from the ground in the same year, and 4-5 new shoots can be reserved for cultivating the branch stems. And (5) when the wood is cut in summer in the next year, cutting strips and fixing a fist at a position 65-70 cm away from the ground.
Step 4, picking mulberry buds and tender leaves
The mulberry bud vegetable is mainly prepared from one bud with two leaves and one bud with three leaves. Wherein, three leaves can be picked in spring, while two leaves are mainly picked in summer and autumn. Harvesting form: pruning weak twigs before mulberry sprouts in spring every year, taking the mulberry sprouts as a standard when the new sprouts grow to be provided with 2 leaves and the leaf width is less than 5cm, and starting to collect the mulberry sprouts. After the buds are picked for several times and the tree body forms a canopy surface in 5 months, the summer fell can be obtained. After summer felling, the new shoots sprouting on the fist need not be thinned as long as they grow upwards, but the lying branches should be thinned. When the young shoots grow to 40-50 cm, the first batch of mulberry bud vegetables in summer can be picked. When the new shoots sprouting for the second time grow to 5-7 leaves, the second batch of mulberry sprouts in summer and autumn can be picked. The mulberry buds and tender leaves can be picked 3-4 times in summer and autumn, and the mulberry buds and tender leaves can be picked 6-7 times all the year round.
Step 5, managing fertilizer and water
The mulberry of the mulberry bud vegetable has a large influence on the tree vigor of the mulberry because the mulberry bud vegetable and the mulberry are picked for many times and the mulberry bud and the tender leaf are picked every time. Therefore, fertilizer and water management in mulberry field is to be strengthened. The mulberry field fertilization of the mulberry sprouts is usually carried out by combining the leaf dropping of mulberry trees in the first winter and the turning over in winter before the soil is frozen, and applying decomposed manure blocking fertilizer 25000-4000 kg/hm2Or 4500kg/hm of bio-organic fertilizer2And applying medium and trace elements such as boron, zinc, magnesium, calcium and the like as base fertilizers every other year; 750-800 kg/hm of compound fertilizer (the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15: 15) is applied to the middle 3-month old mulberry bud in spring2Or the bio-organic fertilizer is 2250kg/hm2As germination accelerating fertilizer; 4 in the middle of the month, after the first picking of the mulberry buds is finished, 450kg/hm of compound fertilizer is applied2. After summer felling, applying 750-800 kg/hm of compound fertilizer in the last 6 months2Or the bio-organic fertilizer is 2250kg/hm2(ii) a After picking the mulberry sprouts, dressing the mulberry sprouts with compound fertilizer of 450kg/hm each time2And (4) finishing. If the leaves are yellow and weak young, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 750kg/hm of 0.5% urea solution can be added2And (4) spraying on leaf surfaces.
Water management is also important in mulberry sprouts and mulberry fields. In plum rain season, ditching and draining are required; in summer and autumn, the mulberry field needs to be irrigated, and the mulberry field is generally irrigated once when the mulberry field is dry for about 7-10 days. The condition permits that sprinkling irrigation facilities should be equipped.
Step 6, weeding and tilling
The mulberry field should be emphasized to catch the weeding work in spring, summer and autumn, so that winter grass is removed in spring, yellow plum grass is removed in summer, and seed setting grass is removed in autumn.
The cultivation of mulberry fields includes deep cultivation in winter, intertillage in spring and shallow cultivation in summer. Wherein the spring ploughing and the summer ploughing can be carried out simultaneously in combination with weeding.
Step 7, disease and pest control
The prevention of disease and pest control in mulberry sprouts and mulberry fields is mainly performed at the customs and is a green prevention and control policy. Cleaning mulberry field completely in winter, digging out diseased tree, and cutting out diseased branch and dead branch; spraying the tree trunk with lime sulfur mixture of Baume 5 deg. The insect pest is prevented and controlled by using the technologies of an insect killing lamp, an insect sticking plate, a sex attractant and the like. The prediction and forecast of diseases and insect pests harming mulberry buds or young leaves, such as mulberry blight, red rust disease of mulberry, mulberry borer, mulberry gall midge, white fly, leaf worm and the like, should be strengthened, and the symptomatic low-toxicity pesticide is used in time.
Further, in the step 1, Esang No. 2 and Nongsang No. 14 are suitable for being planted in the Yangtze river basin area, and Yue sang No. 11 and Guisang you No. 12 are suitable for being planted in the south area of the Yangtze river.
Further, in step 2, the lower the latitude, the higher the planting density of the area is, i.e. the planting density of the mulberry bud and the mulberry tree in south China: grafting mulberry varieties of No. 2 Hubei mulberry and No. 14 nong mulberry, wherein the row spacing is 1.7m and 0.26m, and 1500 plants are planted per 667 square meters; the hybrid mulberry varieties of Guangdong mulberry No. 11 and Guisangyou No. 12 adopt 2.0m wide rows, 0.67m narrow rows and 0.16m plant spacing, and each 667m23000 plants were planted. Grafting mulberry varieties of Eggang No. 2 and Nongsang No. 14 in Yangtze river basin areas, wherein the row spacing is 1.7m and 0.33m, and 1200 mulberry seedlings are planted every 667 square meters; the hybrid mulberry varieties of Guangdong mulberry No. 11 and Guisangyou No. 12 adopt 2.0m wide rows, 0.67m narrow rows and 0.25m plant spacing, and each 667m22000 plants were planted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. selection of mulberry bud and variety
By comprehensively comparing the existing cultivars with larger planting areas in the aspects of taste, nutrient content, mulberry bud yield and the like, Orthosiphon 2 and Nongsang 14 which are mainly grafted and propagated are selected, and Guangdong mulberry 11 and Guisangyou 12 which are propagated by hybrid seeds are used as mulberry varieties produced by mulberry buds, which is beneficial to improving the quality and the yield of the mulberry buds.
2. Wide-narrow row close planting technology
Because the planting density of the mulberry field produced by the mulberry sprouts is larger than that of the conventional mulberry field, the wide-narrow row close planting technology is specially implemented for facilitating the use of small-sized agricultural implements, and the labor intensity is favorably reduced.
3. Tree-shaped cultivation technology
The mulberry with the mulberry bud vegetable adopts a low-stem cultivation technology, forms a tree with branches and branches in multiple layers on a fist, is somewhat similar to the tree of a high-clump tea tree, is beneficial to the rapid production of the mulberry, improves the yield of the mulberry bud vegetable and is convenient for manual picking.
4. Mulberry bud vegetable picking technology
The invention stipulates the picking standards of the mulberry bud vegetable in different periods, and determines the picking technology and the cutting time, and by adopting the technology, the annual yield of the mulberry bud vegetable can be improved by more than 40%.
5. Fertilizer and water management technology
In order to reduce the influence of mulberry bud vegetable production on the tree vigor of the mulberry, strengthen fertilizer and water management, improve the using amount of organic fertilizer, increase the use amount of medium and trace element fertilizer, improve the yield of the mulberry bud vegetable and improve the flavor.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The mulberry bud vegetable cultivation technology is specially used for mulberry field production of mulberry bud vegetables.
The specific embodiments are as follows
1. The requirements of mulberry variety, planting time and mulberry spacing of mulberries are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
2. Planting of mulberry sprouts and mulberry and tree type cultivation
Before 3 months, soil preparation and fertilization are carried out, the seedlings are planted in time after arriving at the site, and root fixing water is applied in time after planting. Then dried at a height of 40 cm. After sprouting in spring, selecting 4-5 strong mulberry buds with proper positions for culturing and branch-drying when the mulberry buds grow to about 15cm, and completely removing the redundant mulberry buds. And (5) when the wood is cut in summer in the next year, cutting strips and fixing a fist at a position 65-70 cm away from the ground.
3. Picking of mulberry bud and tender leaf
The tree cultivation is mainly carried out in the current year, and mulberry buds are not picked as much as possible. And (5) normally picking mulberry buds from the next year. Wherein, three leaves can be picked in spring, while two leaves are mainly picked in summer and autumn. Harvesting form: pruning weak twigs before mulberry sprouts in spring every year, taking the mulberry sprouts as a standard when the new sprouts grow to be provided with 2 leaves and the leaf width is less than 5cm, and starting to collect the mulberry sprouts. After the buds are picked for several times and the tree body forms a canopy surface in 5 months, the summer fell can be obtained. After summer felling, the new shoots sprouting on the fist need not be thinned as long as they grow upwards, but the lying branches should be thinned. When the young shoots grow to 40-50 cm, the first batch of mulberry bud vegetables in summer can be picked. When the new shoots sprouting for the second time grow to 5-7 leaves, the second batch of mulberry sprouts in summer and autumn can be picked. The mulberry buds and tender leaves can be picked 3-4 times in summer and autumn, and the mulberry buds and tender leaves can be picked 6-7 times all the year round.
4. Management of fertilizer and water
After leaves of mulberry trees in the early winter fall, before soil is frozen, the mulberry trees are ploughed in winter, and decomposed manure blocking fertilizer 25000-4000 kg/hm is applied2Or 4500kg/hm of bio-organic fertilizer2And applying medium and trace elements such as boron, zinc, magnesium, calcium and the like as base fertilizers every other year; 750-800 kg/hm of compound fertilizer (the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15: 15) is applied to the middle 3-month old mulberry bud in spring2Or the bio-organic fertilizer is 2250kg/hm2As germination accelerating fertilizer; 4 in the middle of the month, after the first picking of the mulberry buds is finished, 450kg/hm of compound fertilizer is applied2. After summer felling, applying 750-800 kg/hm of compound fertilizer in the last 6 months2Or the bio-organic fertilizer is 2250kg/hm2(ii) a After picking the mulberry sprouts, dressing the mulberry sprouts with compound fertilizer of 450kg/hm each time2And (4) finishing. If the leaves are yellow and weak young, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 750kg/hm of 0.5% urea solution can be added2And (4) spraying on leaf surfaces.
In the mulberry field with mulberry sprouts, in plum rain, ditching and draining are needed; in summer and autumn, the mulberry field needs to be irrigated, and the mulberry field is generally irrigated once when the mulberry field is dry for about 7-10 days. The condition permits that sprinkling irrigation facilities should be equipped.
5. Weeding and tilling
The mulberry field should be emphasized to catch the weeding work in spring, summer and autumn, so that winter grass is removed in spring, yellow plum grass is removed in summer, and seed setting grass is removed in autumn.
The cultivation of mulberry fields includes deep cultivation in winter, intertillage in spring and shallow cultivation in summer. Wherein the spring ploughing and the summer ploughing can be carried out simultaneously in combination with weeding.
6. Disease and pest control
The prevention and control of diseases and pests in mulberry sprouts and mulberry fields are mainly carried out, and the prevention and control are green. Cleaning mulberry field completely in winter, digging out diseased tree, and cutting out diseased branch and dead branch; spraying the tree trunk with lime sulfur mixture of Baume 5 deg. The insect pest is prevented and controlled by using the technologies of an insect killing lamp, an insect sticking plate, a sex attractant and the like. The prediction and forecast of diseases and insect pests harming mulberry buds or young leaves, such as mulberry blight, red rust disease of mulberry, mulberry borer, mulberry gall midge, white fly, leaf worm and the like, should be strengthened, and the symptomatic low-toxicity pesticide is used in time.
The invention produces the cultivation techniques of mulberry bud vegetable, mulberry tree planting, planting density and mode, mulberry bud vegetable harvest, water and fertilizer management, pest control and the like; in the aspect of yield, the mulberry field for producing the mulberry sprouts can greatly improve the yield of the mulberry sprouts, and each 667m2The yield of the mulberry sprouts can be increased by 40 percent. In the aspect of economic benefit, the mulberry variety and mulberry bud vegetable picking standard produced by mulberry bud vegetables are determined, the flavor of the mulberry bud vegetables is improved, and the yield per 667m can be remarkably improved2The economic benefit of mulberry field production by mulberry sprouts.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A mulberry cultivation method for producing mulberry sprouts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, variety selection
The mulberry varieties suitable for the production of the mulberry sprouts include Esang No. 2, Nongsang No. 14, Yue sang No. 11 and Gui sang you No. 12; reasonably selecting mulberry varieties produced by mulberry sprouts in various places according to climatic soil conditions;
step 2, mulberry planting density of mulberry field with mulberry sprouts
The mulberry field with the mulberry bud as the target is planted in wide and narrow rows, and the density is good for close planting;
grafting mulberry varieties, wherein the row spacing is 1.7m, the row spacing is 0.26-0.33 m, and 1200-1500 mulberry trees are planted per 667 square meter; guangdong sang 11 and Gui sang you 12 hybridThe mulberry variety adopts a wide-narrow row planting mode; 2.0m wide row, 0.67m narrow row, 0.16-0.25 m plant spacing, each 667m2Planting 2000-3000 plants;
step 3, tree shape cultivation
The mulberry of the mulberry bud vegetable is mainly obtained by mulberry buds and tender leaves, so the tree form cultivation mode is different from silk cocoon cultivation, the tree form is formed by branches on a fist and is in a multi-layer branched tree form, and the tree form is somewhat similar to the tree form of high clump tea; adopting a form of cultivating a branch stem with a lower stem layer, planting a fixed stem 40cm above the ground in the current year, and reserving 4-5 young shoots for cultivating the branch stem; in summer felling in the second year, cutting strips and fixing a fist at a position 65-70 cm away from the ground;
step 4, picking mulberry buds and tender leaves
The mulberry bud vegetable is mainly prepared from one bud with two leaves and one bud with three leaves; wherein, three leaves with one bud are picked in spring, and two leaves with one bud are mainly picked in summer and autumn; harvesting form: pruning weak twigs before mulberry sprouts in spring every year, taking the mulberry sprouts as a standard when new sprouts grow to be provided with 2 leaves and the leaf width is less than 5 cm; after the buds are collected for several times, the tree body forms a summer cut after the canopy surface in 5 months; after summer felling, the new shoots sprouting on the fist need not thinning buds as long as growing upwards, but should be thinned out from lying branches; picking the first batch of mulberry bud vegetables in summer when young shoots grow to 40-50 cm; picking a second batch of mulberry sprouts in summer and autumn when the newly sprouted shoots grow to 5-7 leaves; picking mulberry buds and tender leaves 3-4 times in summer and autumn, and picking the mulberry buds and the tender leaves 6-7 times all year round;
step 5, managing fertilizer and water
The mulberry field of the mulberry sprouts is fertilized after leaves of mulberry trees in the early winter are fallen and before the soil is frozen, the mulberry field is ploughed in winter, and decomposed manure blocking fertilizer 25000-4000 kg/hm is applied2Or 4500kg/hm of bio-organic fertilizer2And applying medium and trace elements of boron, zinc, magnesium and calcium as base fertilizers every other year; applying 750-800 kg/hm of compound fertilizer to 3 months of early ten days of the spring mulberry bud germination period2Or the bio-organic fertilizer is 2250kg/hm2The compound fertilizer is used as a germination accelerating fertilizer, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 15: 15: 15; 4 in the middle of the month, after the first picking of the mulberry buds is finished, 450kg/hm of compound fertilizer is applied2(ii) a After summer felling, applying 750-800 kg/hm of compound fertilizer in the last 6 months2Or the bio-organic fertilizer is 2250kg/hm2(ii) a After picking the mulberry sprouts, dressing the mulberry sprouts with compound fertilizer of 450kg/hm each time2(ii) a If the leaves are yellow and weak young, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 750kg/hm of 0.5% urea solution are added2Spraying on leaf surfaces;
the mulberry bud vegetable and mulberry field also pay attention to water management; in plum rain season, ditching and draining are required; in summer and autumn, the mulberry field needs to be irrigated, and is irrigated once when the mulberry field is dry for 7-10 days; a sprinkling irrigation facility is equipped;
step 6, weeding and tilling
The mulberry field should be well caught in the weeding work in spring, summer and autumn, so that winter grass is removed in spring, yellow plum grass is removed in summer, and seed setting grass is removed in autumn;
the cultivation of the mulberry field comprises deep cultivation in winter, intertillage in spring and shallow cultivation in summer; wherein the spring ploughing and the summer ploughing are carried out simultaneously in combination with weeding;
step 7, disease and pest control
The prevention of disease and pest control in mulberry sprouts and mulberry fields is mainly performed at the customs and green prevention and control policy; cleaning mulberry field completely in winter, digging out diseased tree, and cutting out diseased branch and dead branch; using Baume 5; spraying the lime sulfur mixture on the trunk; insect pest control is realized by using an insect killing lamp, an insect sticking plate and a sex attractant; for diseases and pests which harm mulberry buds or young leaves, such as mulberry blight, red rust disease of mulberry, mulberry borer, mulberry gall midge, white fly and leaf worm, prediction and forecast should be strengthened, and low-toxicity pesticides for the symptoms should be used in time.
2. The mulberry cultivation method for producing mulberry sprouts according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, Ejun No. 2 and Nongsang No. 14 are planted in the Yangtze river basin, and Yue Mulberry No. 11 and Guisang you No. 12 are planted in the area south of the Yangtze river.
3. The mulberry cultivation method for producing mulberry sprouts according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the planting density of the mulberry sprouts in south China: grafting mulberry varieties of No. 2 Hubei mulberry and No. 14 nong mulberry, wherein the row spacing is 1.7m and 0.26m, and 1500 plants are planted per 667 square meters; the hybrid mulberry varieties of Guangdong mulberry No. 11 and Guisangyou No. 12 adopt 2.0m wide rows, 0.67m narrow rows and 0.16m plant spacing, and each 667m2Planting 3000 plants; grafting mulberry product in Yangtze river basin areaPlanting No. 2 Hubei mulberry and No. 14 nong mulberry, wherein the row spacing is 1.7m and 0.33m, and 1200 plants are planted per 667 square meters; the hybrid mulberry varieties of Guangdong mulberry No. 11 and Guisangyou No. 12 adopt 2.0m wide rows, 0.67m narrow rows and 0.25m plant spacing, and each 667m22000 plants were planted.
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严晓芸等: "菜用桑叶栽培技术", 《世界热带农业信息》 * |
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