CN112492898B - High-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improvement tool and method - Google Patents
High-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improvement tool and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112492898B CN112492898B CN202011471376.2A CN202011471376A CN112492898B CN 112492898 B CN112492898 B CN 112492898B CN 202011471376 A CN202011471376 A CN 202011471376A CN 112492898 B CN112492898 B CN 112492898B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000511730 Leymus chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine tool and a method. The machine comprises a frame, a land wheel, a fertilizer box, an outer sheave fertilizer device, a fertilizer discharging shaft, a subsoiler and a pressing wheel; a plurality of subsoilers with certain intervals are fixed on the front cross beam in a height-adjustable way; the subsoiler comprises a blade part and a blade part; the soil facing end surface of the shovel blade part is provided with a cutting edge, and the cutting edge is sequentially divided into a first linear blade, an arc blade and a second linear blade from the shovel tip to the joint of the shovel blade part and the shovel handle part; the cutting edge is of a secondary cutting edge structure and is provided with a primary cutting edge surface and a secondary cutting edge surface, and a pair of horizontal side wings are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of a cutting edge part at the rear end of the cutting edge. According to the invention, the loosening and fertilizing improvement operation of the high-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer is realized in a low-disturbance mode, the hardened soil-root system composite soil layer structure formed by the high-compactness grassland is broken under the condition that the soil layer is not turned over, a soil environment with stronger ventilation and water permeability is formed, and meanwhile, the fertility required by the growth of pasture is supplemented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of grassland improvement, and particularly relates to a high-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improvement tool and a high-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improvement method.
Background
The grass roots and stems under different depth soil layers are mutually interweaved and anchored with the soil to form a soil-root system composite soil layer structure, which is not beneficial to ventilation and water permeation of the grasslands and affects the development and growth of the grass. The adoption of a mechanized soil loosening mode is one of effective modes for solving the problems, but most of traditional subsoilers and parts are used for farmland operation, soil is disturbed greatly during operation, soil turning and wind erosion water erosion problems are easily caused, and the method is high in vegetation damage degree and is not suitable for grasslands.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a high-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine and a method, which are used for loosening the high-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer in a low-disturbance mode through mechanical means, increasing the ventilation and water permeability of grasslands and providing nutritional components required by the growth of grassland root systems, so that the hardening state of the high volume weight and high compactness of the grassland composite soil layer is improved, the soil environment for the growth of grassland grasses is optimized, and the yield of grasslands is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A high-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine comprises a frame 1, a land wheel 14, a fertilizer box 8, an outer sheave fertilizer device 9, a fertilizer shaft 10, a subsoiler 16 and a compacting wheel 20.
The frame 1 comprises a front cross beam 3, a longitudinal beam 6, a middle cross beam 32, a rear cross beam 13 and a fertilizer box fixing plate 7; the front cross beam 3, the middle cross beam 32 and the rear cross beam 13 are sequentially fixedly connected by the two longitudinal beams 6 from front to back; the two fertilizer box fixing plates 7 are fixedly connected to the two longitudinal beams 6 respectively; the fertilizer box 8 is fixed on the upper parts of the two fertilizer box fixing plates 7, and a fertilizer discharging opening 23 and a plurality of fertilizer outlets are formed in the bottom of the fertilizer box 8; the outer sheave fertilizer devices 9 are arranged below the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 8 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the fertilizer discharging shaft 10 passes through each outer sheave fertilizer device 9 to be arranged on the fertilizer box fixing plate 7, and the other end of the fertilizer discharging shaft 10 is provided with a driven sprocket 11.
Two ground wheels 14 are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the front cross beam 3. A driving sprocket 19 is arranged on the land axle 15 of the land wheel 14 on the same side as the driven sprocket 11, and the driving sprocket 19 is connected with the driven sprocket 11 through a chain 12.
A plurality of subsoilers 16 which are spaced at a certain distance are fixed on the front cross beam 3 in a height-adjustable way; the subsoiler 16 includes a blade portion 26 and a shank portion 31.
The end of the shovel blade part 26 is a shovel tip 261, the earth facing end surface of the shovel blade part 26 is provided with a cutting edge 28, and the cutting edge 28 is sequentially divided into a first linear blade 283, an arc blade 284 and a second linear blade 285 from the shovel tip 261 to the joint of the shovel blade part 26 and the shovel handle part 31.
The cutting edge 28 is of a secondary cutting edge structure and is provided with a primary cutting edge face 281 and a secondary cutting edge face 282, and the cutting angle alpha of the primary cutting edge face 281 is 10-30 degrees; the secondary facet 282 has a facet angle beta of 40 deg. to 60 deg..
A pair of horizontal flanks 25 are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the blade portion 26 at the rear end of the cutting edge 261.
The rear end of the shovel blade part 26 is provided with a fertilizer guide channel 29, and the upper port of the fertilizer guide channel 29 is communicated with a fertilizer discharge port of the outer sheave fertilizer device 9 through a fertilizer guide pipe 18; the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel 29 is provided with a fertilizer dispersing device 30, and the fertilizer dispersing device 30 is a sphere, so that the organic granular fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer guide channel 29 is randomly dispersed after colliding with the fertilizer dispersing device 30.
A pressing wheel 20 is correspondingly arranged behind each subsoiler 16, the pressing wheel 20 is arranged at the bottom end of a support 21, the middle part of the support 21 is hinged on a middle cross beam 32, and the top end of the support 21 is connected with the rear cross beam 13 through a tensioning spring 22.
One end of the fertilizer discharging shaft 10 is provided with an adjusting wheel 17, and the fertilizer discharging shaft 10 moves along the axial direction by rotating the adjusting wheel 17, so that the grooved wheels of the outer grooved wheel fertilizer device 9 are driven to move, and the effective fertilizer discharging width of the outer grooved wheel fertilizer device 9 is changed.
The shovel shaft portion 31 is provided with a plurality of through holes at equal intervals in the vertical direction, and the penetration depth of the subsoiler 16 is adjusted by passing bolts through the through holes with different heights.
The land wheel shaft 15 of the land wheel 14 is arranged on the land wheel frame 2, and the land wheel frame 2 is fixedly connected on the front cross beam 3; the wheel 14 is provided with a plurality of protrusions at equal intervals on the surface of the wheel body close to the inner side.
The soil entering angle of the shovel tip 261 is 15-23 degrees; the length of the cutting edge 261 is 70 mm-100 mm; the cutting edge opening angle gamma of the cutting edge 261 is 30-60 degrees; the first straight edge 283 has an earth penetration angle of 45-60 degrees, and the first straight edge 283 has a length of 130-165 mm; the second straight edge 285 has an entry angle of 90 °; the arc radius r of the arc blade 284 is 257-320 mm, and the central angle corresponding to the arc length is 58 degrees.
Preferably, the primary land 281 has a land angle α of 14 °; the secondary facet 282 has a facet angle beta of 45 deg..
The flanks 25 are triangular.
In the horizontal direction, the lower port of the fertilizer guiding channel 29 is located below the side wing 25.
A method for improving a high-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer by using the machine, which comprises the following steps:
S1, a subsoiler 16 moves unidirectionally in a grassland soil-root system composite soil layer, the operation depth is 25-50 cm, the soil-root system composite soil layer structure is cut through a cutting edge 28 of a secondary cutting edge structure, meanwhile, micro-arching and quick falling of surrounding soil layers are realized by a horizontal flank 25, a ditch is formed on the ground surface after the subsoiler 16 operates, the width of the ditch is 10-20 mm, zero upturned soil or low upturned soil is realized in the operation process, and the operations of loosening the grassland soil-root system composite soil layer and low disturbance on the ground surface are realized;
S2, loosening the soil-root system composite soil layer and simultaneously realizing fertilization operation, and spreading organic granular fertilizer into the soil layer before the micro-arched soil layer falls back through a fertilizer guide channel 29 of the subsoiler 16, so that the fertility of the soil layer is increased, and the growth environment of pasture roots is improved;
s3, after the loosening and fertilizing processes are completed, the grassland surface is compacted, and the surface leveling and the rebound closing of the gaps are realized.
In the step S2, the organic granular fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer guide channel 29 is randomly scattered and distributed after colliding with the fertilizer scattering device 30 by the fertilizer scattering device 30 arranged at the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel 29.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the invention, the loosening, fertilizing and improving operation of the high-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer is realized in a low-disturbance mode, the soil-root system composite soil layer structure formed by the hardening soil layer is broken under the condition that the soil layer is not turned over, a soil environment with stronger ventilation and water permeability is formed, meanwhile, the fertility required by the growth of grasses is supplemented, the rejuvenation and propagation of the grasses are promoted, so that the yield of the grasses is improved, and the damage to grassland vegetation in the operation process is small.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a high solidity grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improvement tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high-solidity grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improvement tool according to a second perspective structure of the tool;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the high solidity grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improvement tool of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of subsoiler 16;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of subsoiler 16;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of cutting edge 28 of subsoiler 16;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of fertilizer spreading device 30 of subsoiler 16;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the junction of wing 25 of subsoiler 16;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of cutting edge 161 of subsoiler 16;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the high solidity grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improvement tool of the present invention;
Fig. 11 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion of the operation of the subsoiler.
Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:
1. frame 2 land wheel frame
3. U-shaped bolt of front cross beam 4
5. 6 Longitudinal beams of fixed plate
7. Fertilizer case fixed plate 8 fertilizer case
9. Outer sheave fertilizer apparatus 10 fertilizer shaft
11. Driven sprocket 12 chain
13. Rear cross beam 14 land wheel
15. Subsoiler with land axle 16
17. Fertilizer guide pipe with adjusting wheel 18
19. Driving sprocket 20 press wheel
21. Bracket 22 tightens the spring
23. Fertilizer discharging port 24 three-point suspension device
25. Blade portion of flank 26
261. Spade point 27 thread pin
28. Primary facet of edge 281
282. First straight edge of the second edge 283
284. Arc edge 285 second straight edge
29. Fertilizer dispersing device for fertilizer guide channel 30
31. Middle cross beam of shovel handle 32
Angle of opening of gamma shovel tip
Radius of arc of r arc edge 284
Angle of alpha primary land 281
Angle of beta secondary facet 282
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1,2 and 3, the high-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine comprises a frame 1, a land wheel 14, a fertilizer box 8, an outer sheave fertilizer device 9, a fertilizer shaft 10, a subsoiler 16 and a pressing wheel 20.
The frame 1 comprises a front cross beam 3, a longitudinal beam 6, a middle cross beam 32, a rear cross beam 13 and a fertilizer box fixing plate 7; the front cross beam 3, the middle cross beam 32 and the rear cross beam 13 are sequentially fixedly connected by the two longitudinal beams 6 from front to back; two fertilizer case fixed plates 7 are fixedly connected to the two longitudinal beams 6 respectively. The fertilizer box 8 is fixed on the upper parts of the two fertilizer box fixing plates 7, and a fertilizer discharging opening 23 and a plurality of fertilizer outlets are formed in the bottom of the fertilizer box 8. The outer sheave fertilizer devices 9 are arranged below the fertilizer outlets of the fertilizer box 8 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the fertilizer discharging shafts 10 penetrate through the outer sheave fertilizer devices 9 and are arranged on the fertilizer box fixing plate 7, one ends of the fertilizer discharging shafts 10 are provided with adjusting wheels 17, and the fertilizer discharging shafts 10 can move along the axial direction by rotating the adjusting wheels 17, so that sheaves of the outer sheave fertilizer devices 9 are driven to move, and the effective fertilizer discharging width of the outer sheave fertilizer devices 9 is changed; the other end of the fertilizer discharging shaft 10 is provided with a driven chain wheel 11.
The front cross beam 3 and the rear cross beam 13 are provided with three-point suspension devices 24 which are used for being connected with a three-point suspension frame at the rear end of the tractor. Two ground wheels 14 are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the front cross beam 3.
The land wheel shaft 15 of the land wheel 14 is arranged on the land wheel frame 2, and the land wheel frame 2 is fixedly connected on the front cross beam 3 through the U-shaped bolt 4 and the fixing plate 5. The wheel 14 is provided with a plurality of protrusions at equal intervals on the surface of the wheel body close to the inner side, so that the wheel is prevented from sliding when travelling on the grass. A driving sprocket 19 is arranged on the land axle 15 of the land wheel 14 on the same side as the driven sprocket 11, and the driving sprocket 19 is connected with the driven sprocket 11 through a chain 12.
A plurality of subsoilers 16 spaced apart from each other are fixed to the front cross member 3 in a height-adjustable manner by means of the U-bolts 4 and the fixing plates 5. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the subsoiler 16 includes a blade portion 26 and a shank portion 31; the shovel handle part 31 is provided with a plurality of through holes at equal intervals along the vertical direction, and the through holes at different heights are connected with the fixed plate 5 through bolts to adjust the soil penetration depth of the subsoiler 16.
As shown in fig. 4 and 9, the end of the blade portion 26 is a cutting edge 261, the earth facing end surface of the blade portion 26 is provided with a cutting edge 28, and the cutting edge 28 is sequentially divided into a first straight edge 283, an arc edge 284 and a second straight edge 285 from the cutting edge 261 to the connection position of the blade portion 26 and the shovel shaft portion 31. The soil entering angle of the shovel tip 261 is 15-23 degrees; the cutting edge 261 has a length of 70mm to 100mm. As shown in fig. 9, the cutting edge angle γ of the cutting edge 261 is 30 ° to 60 °, and preferably, the cutting edge angle γ is 40 °. The first straight edge 283 has an entry angle of 45 DEG to 60 DEG, and the first straight edge 283 has a length of 130 to 165mm. The second straight edge 285 has an entry angle of 90 °.
As shown in fig. 5, the arc radius r of the arc blade 284 is 257-320 mm, and the central angle corresponding to the arc length is 58 °.
As shown in fig. 6, the cutting edge 28 is a secondary cutting edge structure, and has a primary cutting edge face 281 and a secondary cutting edge face 282, wherein the cutting edge angle α of the primary cutting edge face 281 is 10 ° to 30 °, and preferably the cutting edge angle α of the primary cutting edge face 281 is 14 °; the secondary facet 282 has a facet angle beta of 40 deg. to 60 deg., preferably the secondary facet 282 has a facet angle beta of 45 deg.. The soil layer is cut through the primary cutting edge surface 281 to cut off the root system, the soil layer is pre-disturbed, and then the secondary cutting edge surface 282 separates the soil layer to two sides, so that the situation that the root system is pulled and upturned soil blocks are caused by insufficient fracture of the soil-root system composite soil layer structure in the soil layer is avoided.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, a pair of horizontal flanks 25 are fixedly connected to both left and right sides of a blade portion 26 at the rear end of the cutting edge 261 by a threaded pin 27. The flanks 25 are triangular. During operation, the soil layer is lifted by the cutting edge 261, the soil layer moves to the upper surface of the side wing 25 along the cutting edge 261, moves backwards along with the advancing of the machine, then moves out of the upper surface of the side wing 25 under the action of anchoring force between the soil layers and quickly falls back, and micro-arching and quick falling back of the soil layer around the side wing 25 are realized.
The rear end of the shovel blade part 26 is provided with a fertilizer guide channel 29, and the upper port of the fertilizer guide channel 29 is communicated with a fertilizer discharge port of the outer sheave fertilizer device 9 through a fertilizer guide pipe 18; as shown in fig. 5 and 7, the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel 29 is provided with a fertilizer dispersing device 30, and the fertilizer dispersing device 30 is a sphere, so that the organic granular fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer guide channel 29 is randomly dispersed and distributed after colliding with the fertilizer guide channel. As shown in fig. 7, in the horizontal direction, the lower port of the fertilizer guide 29 is located below the side wing 25.
A pressing wheel 20 is correspondingly arranged behind each subsoiler 16, the pressing wheel 20 is arranged at the bottom end of a support 21, the middle part of the support 21 is hinged on a middle cross beam 32, and the top end of the support 21 is connected with the rear cross beam 13 through a tensioning spring 22.
The method for improving the high-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer by utilizing the machine tool comprises the following steps:
S1, a subsoiler 16 moves unidirectionally in a grassland soil-root system composite soil layer, the operation depth is 25-50 cm, the soil-root system composite soil layer structure is cut through a cutting edge 28 of a secondary cutting edge structure, meanwhile, micro-arching and quick falling of surrounding soil layers are realized by a horizontal flank 25, a ditch is formed on the ground surface after the subsoiler 16 operates, the width of the ditch is 10-20 mm, zero upturned soil or low upturned soil is realized in the operation process, and the operations of loosening the grassland soil-root system composite soil layer and low disturbance on the ground surface are realized;
S2, loosening the soil-root system composite soil layer and simultaneously realizing fertilization operation, and spreading organic granular fertilizer into the soil layer before the micro-arched soil layer falls back through a fertilizer guide channel 29 of the subsoiler 16, so that the fertility of the soil layer is increased, and the growth environment of pasture roots is improved;
s3, after the loosening and fertilizing processes are completed, the grassland surface is compacted, and the surface leveling and the rebound closing of the gaps are realized.
In the step S2, the organic granular fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer guide channel 29 is randomly scattered and distributed after colliding with the fertilizer scattering device 30 through the fertilizer scattering device 30 arranged at the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel 29.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
in operation, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, the implement of the present invention is connected to the three-point suspension system at the rear end of the tractor via the three-point suspension device 24, and works under the traction of the tractor. In operation, the land wheel 14 walks on the grassland surface, the subsoiler 16 enters the grassland soil-root system composite soil layer and moves along with the tractor, the mowing soil-root system composite soil layer structure is cut by the cutting edge 28 of the secondary cutting edge structure, the side wings 25 on the left side and the right side of the cutting edge part 26 at the rear end of the cutting edge 261 lift the soil layer upwards, the grassland surface is slightly raised, and then the raised soil layer quickly falls back under the action of the anchoring force in the soil-root system composite soil layer structure, so that the loosening effect of the grassland soil-root system composite soil layer is realized. In addition, during operation, the land wheel 14 rotates, the driving sprocket 19 is driven to rotate through the land wheel shaft 15, the driving sprocket 19 drives the driven sprocket 11 and the fertilizer discharging shaft 10 to rotate through the chain 12, the outer sheave fertilizer discharging device 9 works under the driving of the fertilizer discharging shaft 10, so that organic granular fertilizer enters the fertilizer guide pipe 18 from the fertilizer box 8, enters the fertilizer guide channel 29 on the subsoiler 16 through the fertilizer guide pipe 18, moves in the fertilizer guide channel 29 by gravity, collides with the fertilizer dispersing device 30 at the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel 29, changes the movement direction after collision, and is dispersed behind the subsoiler 16. The soil-root composite layer arched by the side wings 25 covers the fertilizer after falling back. The pressing wheel 20 presses the earth surface and the soil layer under the action of the tensioning spring 22, so that on one hand, the earth surface is compacted by the soil arched on the earth surface, the earth surface is leveled, and on the other hand, the groove seam generated by the earth surface during the operation of the subsoiler 16 is made to rebound and close. The method is applied to the hardened natural degraded grassland represented by the leymus chinensis and the perennial alfalfa artificial grassland represented by the alfalfa, and is preferably used before the grass is turned green.
Claims (8)
1. The high-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine tool is characterized by comprising a frame (1), a land wheel (14), a fertilizer box (8), an outer sheave fertilizer device (9), a fertilizer discharging shaft (10), a subsoiling shovel (16) and a pressing wheel (20);
The frame (1) comprises a front cross beam (3), a longitudinal beam (6), a middle cross beam (32), a rear cross beam (13) and a fertilizer box fixing plate (7); the front cross beam (3), the middle cross beam (32) and the rear cross beam (13) are sequentially fixedly connected by the two longitudinal beams (6) from front to back; the two fertilizer box fixing plates (7) are fixedly connected to the two longitudinal beams (6) respectively; the fertilizer box (8) is fixed at the upper parts of the two fertilizer box fixing plates (7), and a fertilizer discharging opening (23) and a plurality of fertilizer outlets are formed at the bottom of the fertilizer box (8); the plurality of outer sheave fertilizer devices (9) are arranged below the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box (8) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, a fertilizer discharging shaft (10) penetrates through each outer sheave fertilizer device (9) to be arranged on the fertilizer box fixing plate (7), and a driven sprocket (11) is arranged at the other end of the fertilizer discharging shaft (10);
two land wheels (14) are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the front cross beam (3); a driving sprocket (19) is arranged on a land wheel shaft (15) of a land wheel (14) on the same side as the driven sprocket (11), and the driving sprocket (19) is connected with the driven sprocket (11) through a chain (12);
A plurality of subsoilers (16) with a certain distance are fixed on the front cross beam (3) in a height-adjustable way; the subsoiler (16) comprises a blade part (26) and a blade handle part (31);
The end part of the shovel blade part (26) is a shovel tip (261), the earth facing end surface of the shovel blade part (26) is provided with a cutting edge (28), and the cutting edge (28) is sequentially divided into a first linear blade (283), an arc blade (284) and a second linear blade (285) from the shovel tip (261) to the joint of the shovel blade part (26) and the shovel handle part (31);
The cutting edge (28) is of a secondary cutting edge structure and is provided with a primary cutting edge surface (281) and a secondary cutting edge surface (282), and the cutting angle alpha of the primary cutting edge surface (281) is 10-30 degrees; the edge angle beta of the secondary edge surface (282) is 40-60 degrees;
a pair of horizontal side wings (25) are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of a shovel blade part (26) at the rear end of the shovel tip (261);
The rear end of the shovel blade part (26) is provided with a fertilizer guide channel (29), and the upper port of the fertilizer guide channel (29) is communicated with a fertilizer discharge port of the outer sheave fertilizer device (9) through a fertilizer guide pipe (18); the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel (29) is provided with a fertilizer dispersing device (30), and the fertilizer dispersing device (30) is a sphere, so that organic granular fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer guide channel (29) is randomly dispersed and distributed after collision with the fertilizer dispersing device (30);
A pressing wheel (20) is correspondingly arranged behind each subsoiler (16), the pressing wheel (20) is arranged at the bottom end of a bracket (21), the middle part of the bracket (21) is hinged on a middle cross beam (32), and the top end of the bracket (21) is connected with a rear cross beam (13) through a tensioning spring (22);
The side wings (25) are triangular;
in the horizontal direction, the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel (29) is positioned below the side wing (25).
2. The high-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine according to claim 1, wherein one end of the fertilizer discharging shaft (10) is provided with an adjusting wheel (17), and the fertilizer discharging shaft (10) moves along the axial direction by rotating the adjusting wheel (17), so that the sheaves of the outer sheave fertilizer device (9) are driven to move, and the effective fertilizer discharging width of the outer sheave fertilizer device (9) is changed.
3. The high-solidity grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine according to claim 1, wherein the shovel handle portion (31) is provided with a plurality of through holes at equal intervals in the vertical direction, and the penetration depth of the subsoiler (16) is adjusted by passing bolts through the through holes at different heights.
4. The high-compactness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the land axle (15) of the land wheel (14) is mounted on a land wheel frame (2), and the land wheel frame (2) is fixedly connected on a front cross beam (3); a plurality of bulges are arranged on the surface of the wheel body, which is close to the inner side, of the land wheel (14) at equal intervals.
5. The high solidity grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the penetration angle of the cutting edge (261) is 15-23 °; the length of the shovel tip (261) is 70 mm-100 mm; the cutting edge opening angle gamma of the cutting edge (261) is 30-60 degrees; the soil penetration angle of the first straight edge (283) is 45-60 degrees, and the length of the first straight edge (283) is 130-165 mm; the second straight edge (285) has a penetration angle of 90 degrees; the arc radius r of the arc blade (284) is 257-320 mm, and the central angle corresponding to the arc length is 58 degrees.
6. The high solidity grassplot soil-root system composite soil improvement machine of claim 1, wherein the edge angle α of the primary edge face (281) is 14 °; the edge angle beta of the secondary edge face (282) is 45 degrees.
7. A method of improving a high-solidity grass soil-root composite soil layer using the high-solidity grass soil-root composite soil layer improving machine of any one of claims 1-6, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, a subsoiler (16) moves unidirectionally in a grassland soil-root system composite soil layer, the operation depth is 25-50 cm, the soil-root system composite soil layer structure is cut through a cutting edge (28) of a secondary cutting edge structure, meanwhile, micro-arching and quick falling-back of surrounding soil layers are realized through a horizontal flank (25), a ditch is formed on the surface after the subsoiler (16) operates, the width of the ditch is 10-20 mm, zero upturned soil or low upturned soil of soil blocks is realized in the operation process, and the operations of loosening and low disturbance of the grassland soil-root system composite soil layer are realized;
s2, loosening the soil-root system composite soil layer and simultaneously realizing fertilization operation, and dispersing organic granular fertilizer into the soil layer before the micro-arched soil layer falls back through a fertilizer guide channel (29) of a subsoiler (16), so that the fertility of the soil layer is increased, and the growth environment of pasture root systems is improved;
s3, after the loosening and fertilizing processes are completed, the grassland surface is compacted, and the surface leveling and the rebound closing of the gaps are realized.
8. The method for improving a soil-root system composite soil layer of a grassland with high compactness according to claim 7, wherein in the step S2, the organic granular fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer guiding channel (29) is randomly scattered and distributed after being collided with the fertilizer scattering device (30) by the fertilizer scattering device (30) arranged at the lower port of the fertilizer guiding channel (29).
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