CN112485829A - Method for calculating dynamic water content by resistivity method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering and discloses a method for calculating dynamic water content by using a resistivity method, which comprises the following steps: s1, driving two or two sets of iron power supply electrodes A, B into the ground, and using dry batteries or storage batteries as power supplies to supply power to the underground; s2, establishing a stable current field underground, observing the intensity I of the power supply current by using an instrument, and driving two or two groups of copper measuring electrodes M, N into the ground; s3, achieving the purpose of depth measurement and section by setting different arrangement modes of electrodes; s4, performing indoor arrangement on the original curve; and S5, finally obtaining the resistivity method to calculate the geological dynamic water content. The resistivity method for calculating the dynamic water content method is beneficial to reducing interference and faults caused by electrode arrangement, can be used for preprocessing data and displaying the section curve form, cannot cause blindness in problem processing, achieves the purpose of exploration, and can accurately reflect the distribution condition of a target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a method for calculating dynamic water content by using a resistivity method.
Background
A tunnel is a building constructed underground or underwater or in a mountain, with railways or roads for motor vehicles to pass through. The tunnel can be divided into three categories of mountain tunnels, underwater tunnels and urban tunnels according to the positions of the tunnels. A tunnel traversing from a mountain or under a hill to shorten the distance and avoid a large slope is called a mountain tunnel; underwater tunnels passing under a river or sea floor to cross a river or channel; urban tunnels are used to cross underground cities to meet the needs of railways to pass through large cities. The most constructed of these three types of tunnels are mountain tunnels.
The resistivity method utilizes the difference of conductivity (expressed by resistivity) among different rocks in the earth crust to search coal, other beneficial mineral products and underground water by observing and researching the distribution rule of a stable current field artificially established underground, and is an electrical prospecting method for solving related geological problems. The resistivity method is the method which is the earliest and most widely used method for research and application in electrical prospecting. This method was first studied and tested in the 20 th century, france brothers of schrenberg and m schrenberg (C. & m.schlum-berger). Later, with the continuous updating of instruments and the continuous improvement of method theories and technologies, a plurality of branch methods are gradually derived to be widely applied in a plurality of fields of a plurality of countries in the world.
The calculation degree of the dynamic water content in the bottom shell by using the resistivity method is relatively poor, the interference and faults caused by electrode arrangement cannot be reduced, the measurement error is increased, blindness is generated when a resistivity section diagram is processed to obviously present high-resistance and low-resistance halos, the distribution condition of a target cannot be accurately reflected, and the form, scale and burial depth condition of a bad geologic body cannot be well reflected, so that the resistivity method for calculating the dynamic water content is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for calculating dynamic water content by using a resistivity method, which is beneficial to reducing interference and faults caused by electrode arrangement, reducing measurement errors, improving data acquisition efficiency, reducing errors caused by manual operation, preprocessing data and displaying a section curve form, obviously presenting high-resistance and low-resistance halos on a resistivity section diagram, well finding out the positions of collapse and karst development areas by combining geological data and drilling data, solving the problems of no blindness in processing the problems, achieving the aim of exploration, accurately reflecting the distribution condition of a target, well reflecting the form, scale and buried depth conditions of unfavorable geologic bodies and the like, solving the problems that the calculation degree of the dynamic water content in a bottom shell by using the resistivity method is relatively poor, and the interference and faults caused by electrode arrangement cannot be reduced, the measurement error is increased, blindness is generated when high-resistance and low-resistance halos are obviously presented when the resistivity section diagram is processed, the distribution condition of a target cannot be accurately reflected, and the problems of the form, the scale and the burial depth of a poor geologic body cannot be well reflected.
In order to realize the purposes of contributing to reducing interference and faults caused by electrode arrangement, reducing measurement errors, improving data acquisition efficiency and reducing errors caused by manual operation, preprocessing data and displaying profile curve forms, obviously presenting high-resistance and low-resistance halos on a resistivity profile, well finding out the positions of collapse and karst development areas by combining geological data and drilling data, solving the problems without generating blindness, achieving the aim of exploration, accurately reflecting the distribution condition of a target and well reflecting the forms, scales and burial depth conditions of unfavorable geologic bodies, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a resistivity method for calculating dynamic water content method, comprising the following steps:
firstly, two or two groups of iron power supply electrodes A, B are driven into the ground, and dry batteries or storage batteries are used as power supply to supply power to the ground;
secondly, establishing a stable current field underground, observing the intensity I of the power supply current by using an instrument, driving two or two groups of copper measuring electrodes M, N into the ground, and measuring the potential difference between MN electrodes and the power supply current in an AB loop by using an electric measuring instrument so as to achieve the purpose of measuring the resistivity, wherein the formula is as follows; delta UABN is UAB-UAB;
step three, different electrode arrangement modes are arranged on the ground to achieve the purposes of depth measurement and section measurement, the arrangement devices commonly used in the high-density resistivity method include a arrangement, 0 arrangement and 7 arrangement modes, all of which are quadrupole arrangement, the a device adopts a symmetrical quadrupole device mode, and when AM is MN-NB-Deltar, the AM is expressed as: p ═ Ka Δ r;
step four, the data of step two and step three are arranged, and the microcomputer is used for forward and backward processing and interpretation, drawing various interpretation maps, and then combining various geological and geophysical prospecting data existing in the working area and the adjacent area to carry out comprehensive analysis and research;
and step five, carrying out comprehensive analysis and research according to various interpretation graphs and various geological and geophysical data existing in the working area and the adjacent area, and finally obtaining the resistivity method to calculate the geological dynamic water content.
Preferably, the resistivity method implements dense sampling to improve the sampling rate, and the "multiple coverage" method is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
Preferably, the open-hilly tunnel is detected by using a high-density resistivity method, two main sections are arranged on the potentially concealed poor geologic body of the open-hilly tunnel and are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the tunnel, and a plurality of cross sections are arranged in the abnormal area, so that the abnormality can be better defined.
Preferably, the data acquired by the resistivity method are input into a computer for two-dimensional and three-dimensional inversion after smoothing, and geoelectrical section information is acquired, wherein the smoothing of the data generally adopts dead pixel elimination and sliding average.
Preferably, K in the formula (3) is an electrode arrangement coefficient.
Preferably, the resistivity method may be classified into a resistivity depth method and a resistivity profile method according to an electrode arrangement manner and a working method.
Preferably, the electrical sounding method is used for fixing the electrode distance for measurement, changing the electrode distance for power supply from small to large, and researching the vertical distribution condition of different conductive geologic bodies under a measurement point and a measurement area from shallow to deep.
Preferably, the electro-cross-section method is that the electrode distances of the power supply electrode and the measuring electrode are fixed, the whole device moves towards one direction along a measuring line, and observation is carried out on different measuring points.
Preferably, the data smoothing process further comprises a data preprocessing before the data smoothing process, and the specific steps are as follows:
step a1, acquiring data acquired by the resistivity method, denoted as a, which can be expressed as:
A＝{a1,a2,…,an}
wherein ,aiRepresenting the ith data acquired by the resistivity method, wherein the value of i is from 1 to n, and n is the number of data acquired by the resistivity method;
step a2, calculating the norm of the data according to the following formula:
wherein ,LpRepresenting the norm of the data, and p is a preset parameter;
step a3, obtaining a preprocessed data set according to the following formula:
wherein, B represents the new preprocessed data set, and the data in the new data set B is the preprocessed data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for calculating dynamic water content by using a resistivity method, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the resistivity method is used for calculating the dynamic water content method, and the high-density resistivity method is used for completing the electrode layout at one time, so that the interference and the fault caused by the electrode arrangement are reduced, and the measurement error is reduced; abundant geoelectricity section information can be obtained by converting the arrangement mode of the electrodes; an automatic data acquisition mode is adopted, so that the data acquisition efficiency can be improved, and errors caused by manual operation can be reduced; the data can be preprocessed and the section curve form can be displayed.
2. According to the resistivity method for calculating the dynamic water content, when the collapse and karst development area is detected by a high-density resistivity method, because the electrical property difference between a covering layer and a bedrock is large, a high-resistance halo and a low-resistance halo can be obviously presented on a resistivity section diagram, the positions of the collapse and karst development area can be well found by combining geological data and drilling data, blindness can not be generated when the problems are processed, and the purpose of exploration is achieved.
3. According to the resistivity method, a dynamic water content method is calculated, the density resistivity method is one of effective methods for detecting collapse and karst development areas, and the measured result is used for inverting a section diagram, so that the distribution condition of a target can be accurately reflected, and the form, scale and burial depth condition of a poor geologic body can be well reflected.
4. According to the resistivity method for calculating the dynamic water content, the arrangement mode that different electrodes are arranged on the ground is adopted, the water content of different geologies can be measured respectively, compared with the existing method, the method can enable technicians to maintain equipment used in the method better, and the pertinence of the measurement result is stronger.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an electrode arrangement according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the distribution of measuring points in the device of Wenna a according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is an extended formula diagram of the formula Δ UABN ═ UAB-UAB in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a method for calculating dynamic water content by resistivity method includes the following steps:
firstly, two or two groups of iron power supply electrodes A, B are driven into the ground, and dry batteries or storage batteries are used as power supply to supply power to the ground;
secondly, establishing a stable current field underground, observing the intensity I of the power supply current by using an instrument, driving two or two groups of copper measuring electrodes M, N into the ground, and measuring the potential difference between MN electrodes and the power supply current in an AB loop by using an electric measuring instrument so as to achieve the purpose of measuring the resistivity, wherein the formula is as follows; delta UABN is UAB-UAB;
step three, different electrode arrangement modes are arranged on the ground to achieve the purposes of depth measurement and section measurement, the arrangement devices commonly used in the high-density resistivity method include a arrangement, 0 arrangement and 7 arrangement modes, all of which are quadrupole arrangement, the a device adopts a symmetrical quadrupole device mode, and when AM is MN-NB-Deltar, the AM is expressed as: p ═ Ka Δ r;
step four, the data of step two and step three are arranged, and the microcomputer is used for forward and backward processing and interpretation, drawing various interpretation maps, and then combining various geological and geophysical prospecting data existing in the working area and the adjacent area to carry out comprehensive analysis and research;
and step five, carrying out comprehensive analysis and research according to various interpretation graphs and various geological and geophysical data existing in the working area and the adjacent area, and finally obtaining the resistivity method to calculate the geological dynamic water content.
The interpretation principle of the detection result is as follows: the basic principle is that rock masses with different physical property differences have different resistivity; secondly, the rock mass with good integrity and high strength has relatively high resistivity; thirdly, when the rock is broken and has poor integrity, the resistivity value of the rock with high strength is good and higher; fourthly, when large cracks or cavities exist in the rock mass, a particularly obvious high-resistance area appears; when clay or water is filled in the rock body cracks, the resistivity value is reduced; filling karst cave, especially clay filling karst cave, with low resistivity abnormal area; the surface clay or water-containing block and crushed stone soil have low resistivity value.
The resistivity method adopts intensive sampling to improve the sampling rate, and adopts a method of 'multiple covering' to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (the multiple covering refers to multiple measurements carried out by different power supply electrodes and different measuring electrodes at the same 'point' on the ground electric section); the method comprises the steps that a Mingshan tunnel is detected by a high-density resistivity method, two main sections are arranged on a potentially concealed poor geologic body of the Mingshan tunnel and are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the tunnel, and a plurality of transverse sections are arranged in an abnormal area, so that the abnormality can be better defined; data acquired by a resistivity method are input into a computer for two-dimensional and three-dimensional inversion after smooth processing, and then geoelectrical section information is obtained, wherein the smooth processing of the data generally adopts dead pixel elimination and sliding average; k in the formula (3) is an electrode arrangement coefficient (or device coefficient); the resistivity method can be divided into a resistivity sounding method (short for electrical sounding method) and a resistivity profile method (short for electrical profile method) according to the electrode arrangement mode and the working method; the electrical sounding method is to fix the electrode distance for measurement, change the electrode distance for power supply from small to large, and is used for researching the vertical distribution condition of different conductive geologic bodies under the measurement point and the measurement area from shallow to deep; the electric section method is to make the electrode distance between the power supply electrode and the measuring electrode constant, and the whole device moves towards one direction along the measuring line to observe on different measuring points.
As described above, since the relief of the measurement area is large, the measurement result is affected by the change of the relief, and the abnormal body and the actual target body are located at different positions in the inverted cross-sectional view, the relief must be corrected when the data is processed, so that the data can be better interpreted.
The high-density resistivity method has some defects, for example, the detection depth is always the main bottleneck of the method, and the solution is mainly to increase the length of the array and increase the magnitude of the supply current, but the practical application length and the magnitude of the supply current are limited, so that the geological problem which can be solved is limited.
The method also comprises data preprocessing before the data smoothing processing, and comprises the following specific steps:
step a1, acquiring data acquired by the resistivity method, denoted as a, which can be expressed as:
A＝{a1,a2,…,an}
wherein ,aiRepresenting the ith data acquired by the resistivity method, wherein the value of i is from 1 to n, and n is the number of data acquired by the resistivity method;
step a2, calculating the norm of the data according to the following formula:
wherein ,LpRepresenting the norm of the data, wherein p is a preset parameter, the value range of p is (0, infinity), and 2 is taken;
step a3, obtaining a preprocessed data set according to the following formula:
wherein, B represents the new preprocessed data set, and the data in the new data set B is the preprocessed data.
Has the advantages that: the initial data acquired by the resistivity method has a large amount of data loss and noise, and the data acquired by the resistivity method is firstly preprocessed by the above technology, so that the initial data is subjected to enhancement operation, thereby inhibiting the missing value and the noise, ensuring the integrity of the data, and finally carrying out smooth processing on the preprocessed data, thereby increasing the calculation speed, removing some redundant data, reducing overfitting, being convenient for mining data, improving the precision of the data input in the later period, improving the processing speed of the data, thereby achieving the purposes of sorting the data, reducing the possibility of data damage caused by data congestion, effectively ensuring the safety of the data, the technology is used for automatic detection and calculation of the computer, and extra manual maintenance is not needed, so that the intelligent level of data processing is greatly improved.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for calculating dynamic water content by using a resistivity method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, two or two groups of iron power supply electrodes A, B are driven into the ground, and dry batteries or storage batteries are used as power supply to supply power to the ground;
secondly, establishing a stable current field underground, observing the intensity I of the power supply current by using an instrument, driving two or two groups of copper measuring electrodes M, N into the ground, and measuring the potential difference between MN electrodes and the power supply current in an AB loop by using an electric measuring instrument so as to achieve the purpose of measuring the resistivity, wherein the formula is as follows; Δ UABN is the potential difference between the two points AB, UAB1-UAB0, UABN 1 is the potential difference between the insert electrode M, N, UAB0 is the potential difference before the potential difference between the insert electrode M, N;
step three, different electrode arrangement modes are arranged on the ground to achieve the purposes of depth measurement and section measurement, the arrangement devices commonly used in the high-density resistivity method include a arrangement mode, 0 arrangement mode and 7 arrangement mode, all quadrupole arrangement is adopted, the a device adopts a symmetrical quadrupole device mode, the high-density resistivity can be calculated according to a data formula, wherein P is the high-density resistivity, and when AM is MN-NB-Deltar, the AM is expressed as: p ═ Ka Δ r;
step four, the data of step two and step three are arranged, and the microcomputer is used for forward and backward processing and interpretation, drawing various interpretation maps, and then combining various geological and geophysical prospecting data existing in the working area and the adjacent area to carry out comprehensive analysis and research;
and step five, carrying out comprehensive analysis and research according to various interpretation graphs and various geological and geophysical data existing in the working area and the adjacent area, and finally obtaining the resistivity method to calculate the geological dynamic water content.
2. The method for calculating the dynamic water content by the resistivity method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the resistivity method adopts intensive sampling to improve the sampling rate, and adopts a multiple covering method to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
3. The method for calculating the dynamic water content by the resistivity method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the open-hilly tunnel is detected by using a high-density resistivity method, two main sections are arranged on the hidden unfavorable geologic body possibly existing in the open-hilly tunnel and are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the tunnel, and a plurality of transverse sections are arranged in the abnormal area, so that the abnormality can be better defined.
4. The method for calculating the dynamic water content by the resistivity method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the data acquired by the resistivity method are input into a computer for two-dimensional and three-dimensional inversion after smooth processing to obtain the information of the geoelectric section, and the smooth processing of the data generally adopts dead pixel elimination and sliding average.
5. The method for calculating the dynamic water content by the resistivity method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: k in the formula (3) is an electrode arrangement coefficient.
6. The method for calculating the dynamic water content by the resistivity method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the resistivity method can be divided into a resistivity depth measurement method and a resistivity profile method according to an electrode arrangement mode and a working method.
7. The method for calculating the dynamic water content by the resistivity method according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the electrical sounding method is characterized in that the electrode distance is fixedly measured, the power supply electrode distance is changed from small to large, and the electrical sounding method is used for researching the vertical distribution condition of different conductive geologic bodies under a measuring point and a measuring area from shallow to deep.
8. The method for calculating the dynamic water content by the resistivity method according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the electric section method is characterized in that the electrode distances of the power supply electrode and the measuring electrode are fixed, the whole device moves towards one direction along a measuring line, and observation is carried out on different measuring points.
9. The method for calculating the dynamic water content by the resistivity method according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method also comprises data preprocessing before the data smoothing processing, and comprises the following specific steps:
step a1, acquiring data acquired by the resistivity method, denoted as a, which can be expressed as:
A＝{a1,a2,…,an}
wherein ,aiRepresenting the ith data acquired by the resistivity method, wherein the value of i is from 1 to n, and n is the number of data acquired by the resistivity method;
step a2, calculating the norm of the data according to the following formula:
wherein ,LpRepresenting the norm of the data, and p is a preset parameter;
step a3, obtaining a preprocessed data set according to the following formula:
wherein, B represents the new preprocessed data set, and the data in the new data set B is the preprocessed data.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114184254A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-03-15 | 中国环境科学研究院 | High-density electrical method-based III-shaped measuring device and measuring method |
| CN114778948A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-07-22 | 中铁大桥科学研究院有限公司 | Method for monitoring resistivity of rock mass of flowing water tunnel and related equipment |
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