CN112481489B - Synergistic extraction agent and method for selectively extracting cobalt from acidic cobalt-containing solution by using same - Google Patents
Synergistic extraction agent and method for selectively extracting cobalt from acidic cobalt-containing solution by using same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a synergistic extraction agent and a method for selectively extracting cobalt from an acidic cobalt-containing solution by using the same; the synergist is a compound of polyalkyl bis-2-picolyl amine and naphthalene sulfonic acid or naphthalene sulfonate; the method for selectively extracting cobalt from the acidic cobalt-containing solution is to selectively extract cobalt from the acidic cobalt-containing aqueous solution by using the synergistic extraction agent, so as to realize effective separation of cobalt from impurity ions such as iron ions, aluminum ions, manganese ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, chromium ions and the like, and the loaded organic phase is subjected to back extraction by using inorganic acid to obtain the high-purity cobalt-containing solution. The method has the advantages of high cobalt recovery rate, good cobalt and impurity separation effect, short process and easy realization of industrialization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a synergistic extraction agent and a method for selectively extracting cobalt from an acidic cobalt-containing solution by using the same; belongs to the technical field of chemical extraction.
Background
Cobalt is an important strategic metal and has wide application in industry, especially in the fields of new energy and cemented carbide. Cobalt has few independent ore deposits, most of the cobalt and other elements are mainly associated with copper and nickel, and the recovery process is complex, the production cost is high and the cobalt recovery rate is low due to low grade and complex ore composition. For low-grade copper-cobalt ores, wet process treatment is mostly adopted. The copper extraction raffinate obtained by copper extraction of the copper-cobalt ore sulfuric acid heap leaching solution contains not only valuable metal cobalt ions, but also a large amount of base metal cation impurities, such as iron, aluminum, manganese, magnesium, calcium and the like. The traditional method for industrially extracting cobalt from the impurity-containing acidic cobalt-containing solution is the process of 'oxidation neutralization iron removal, cobalt precipitation, acid dissolution and impurity removal'. The method comprises the steps of firstly removing iron (an iron vitriol method, a goethite method and a neutralization precipitation method) under the conditions of heating and low pH value, adjusting the pH value of liquid after iron removal to be high, carrying out hydrolysis deep purification to remove impurities such as iron, aluminum and the like, precipitating cobalt in the liquid after impurity removal by using a precipitator to obtain a cobalt intermediate product, and finally controlling the pH value to be before magnesium precipitation to separate magnesium from cobalt. Cobalt precipitants are manifold: (caustic soda, soda ash, magnesium hydroxide/oxide, lime milk, sulfides, etc.). The above method has the following disadvantages: 1. the flow is long and the working procedure is complex; 2. a precipitation method is needed for removing iron and deeply removing iron and aluminum, the cobalt loss is large in the precipitation and impurity removal process, and the energy consumption is large; 3. when the alkaline precipitator (caustic soda, soda ash and magnesium hydroxide/magnesium oxide) precipitates cobalt, the selectivity is low, and the purity of a cobalt intermediate product is low; 4. although the selectivity of the sulfide precipitated cobalt is good, a cobalt intermediate product with low impurity content can be obtained, but the sulfide is expensive, has strong toxicity, high requirements on equipment and high process cost; 5. the subsequent separation and purification process of the cobalt intermediate product obtained by the precipitation of the alkaline precipitator is complex; 6. the intermediate products obtained by sulfide precipitation need to be treated by oxidation leaching or pyrometallurgy.
Compared with the traditional chemical precipitation method, the solvent extraction method has the characteristics of high selectivity, high reaction speed, good separation effect, easy realization of automation of the process and the like, is an efficient enrichment and separation method, and is widely applied to the mutual separation of metal ions in an aqueous solution, such as nickel/cobalt separation, copper/iron separation, mutual separation of rare earth elements and the like. At present, the extracting agents widely applied in a sulfate system for extracting enriched cobalt mainly comprise P507, Cyanex 272 and the like, but the extracting agents preferentially extract impurity elements such as iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, manganese and the like. In most cobalt extraction processes, the cobalt extraction front liquid is subjected to neutralization iron precipitation and calcium and magnesium removal, and then cobalt extraction recovery is carried out. Because of the lack of specific extractants with good selectivity for cobalt, the research work of preferentially extracting cobalt to directly separate the cobalt from impurities such as iron, aluminum, manganese, magnesium, calcium and the like is very difficult. Aiming at the defects of the traditional method for extracting cobalt from cobalt-containing acidic solution, Australian scholars propose a direct extraction method in a Patent WO Patent No. 2005/073416A 1 to replace a 'cobalt precipitation-acid dissolution-impurity removal (extraction)' process in the traditional process, the method adopts a mixed extractant of LIX63+ Versatic10 or LIX63+ Versatic10+ TBP to selectively extract cobalt, the cobalt is selectively extracted in the extraction process and enters a loaded organic phase, impurities of calcium, magnesium and manganese are left in raffinate to be separated from the cobalt, and the loaded organic phase is back extracted by using inorganic acid to obtain high-concentration pure cobalt solution. The method solves the extraction and separation problem of cobalt, calcium, magnesium and manganese, can shorten the flow and reduce the consumption to a certain extent, but the extraction process can not realize the separation of cobalt, iron and aluminum, and still does not solve the problems of large cobalt loss and large energy consumption in the iron and aluminum removing process of the traditional chemical precipitation method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the defects of high cost, complex process and incomplete impurity separation in a cobalt extraction process of a cobalt-containing acidic solution, and aims to provide a synergistic extractant capable of selectively extracting cobalt from the acidic cobalt-containing solution containing various impurities such as iron, aluminum, manganese, magnesium, calcium, chromium and the like.
The invention also aims to provide a method for selectively extracting cobalt from the acidic cobalt-containing aqueous solution by adopting the synergistic extraction agent, which has the advantages of high cobalt extraction yield, short process, low cost and easy realization of industrial application.
The invention provides a synergistic extraction agent, which is a compound of polyalkyl bis-2-picolylamine and naphthalene sulfonic acid or naphthalene sulfonate, wherein the molar ratio of the polyalkyl bis-2-picolylamine to the naphthalene sulfonic acid or the naphthalene sulfonate in the compound is 1: 1-4; the naphthalene sulfonic acid or naphthalene sulfonate has a structure shown in a formula I; the polyalkyl bis-2-picolylamine has a structure shown in a formula II;
wherein R is1、R2Is independently selected from C6~12R is selected from C18~21M is hydrogen ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, ammonium ion (NH)4 +) Or one of alkali metal ions, wherein n is the valence number of M.
The invention also provides a method for selectively extracting cobalt from the acidic cobalt-containing aqueous solution by using the synergistic extraction agent, wherein an organic phase containing the synergistic extraction agent is contacted with the acidic cobalt-containing aqueous solution to carry out single-stage or multi-stage countercurrent extraction, the cobalt is selectively extracted into the organic phase, and impurities such as iron, aluminum, manganese, magnesium, calcium, chromium and the like are remained in raffinate; and washing the loaded organic phase by using a washing agent, and then carrying out single-stage or multi-stage countercurrent back extraction by using an inorganic acid aqueous solution as a back extractant to obtain a cobalt-containing solution with high purity.
The impurity ions in the acidic cobalt-containing aqueous solution comprise one or more of iron ions, aluminum ions, manganese ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions or chromium ions; mainly separating the cobalt, iron and aluminum solution.
The pH value of the acidic cobalt-containing aqueous solution is 1.2-5.0. The organic phase is formed by mixing an extracting agent and an organic diluent, wherein the concentration of a component naphthalene sulfonic acid or naphthalene sulfonate in a synergistic extracting agent in the organic phase is 0.1-0.4 mol/L, and the molar concentration ratio of a component polyalkyl bis-2-picolylamine in the synergistic extracting agent to the naphthalene sulfonic acid or the naphthalene sulfonate is 1: 1-4; the molar concentration ratios usually used are: 1:1,2:1,2.5:1,3:1,4:1.
The organic diluent is sulfonated kerosene, No. 260 solvent oil, aviation kerosene, Escaid110 and C8~13One or more of the higher alcohols in (b).
The stripping agent adopted by the back extraction is H+Sulfuric acid solution, hydrochloric acid solution or nitric acid solution with the concentration of 0.5-4.0 mol/L. As the solvent, 0.5mol/L, 1mol/L, 3mol/L, 4mol/L is usually used.
The volume flow ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase in the extraction process is 1/5-10/1.
The extraction stage number is 1-10 stages. Commonly used are 1 stage, 3 stage, 5 stage, 8 stage, 9 stage, and 10 stage.
The volume flow ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase in the back extraction process is 1/1-10/1. 1/1, 3/1, 4/1, 5/1, 6/1, 7/1, 8/1, 8/1, 10/1 are commonly used.
The back extraction stage number is 1-10 stages. Commonly used are 1 stage, 3 stage, 5 stage, 8 stage, 9 stage, and 10 stage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts a novel synergistic extraction agent to selectively extract cobalt ions from an acidic cobalt-containing solution containing metal ion impurities, and particularly can realize effective separation of the cobalt ions from iron ions, aluminum ions, manganese ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, chromium ions and the like; particularly, the separation of cobalt from iron and aluminum is realized in the cobalt-iron-aluminum solution, and the problems of high cobalt loss and high energy consumption are solved. The extraction method has the advantages of short flow, high cobalt yield, good impurity removal effect, low consumption of chemical reagents, low cost and easy realization of industrialization.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without further limiting it.
In the examples, the partition ratio D, the separation coefficient β, and the extraction ratio E1(%), back extraction E2And the removal rate Y (%) were calculated according to the following formulae (1) to (5):
D=CMO/CMR (1)
βCo/M=DCo/DM (2)
E1=(CF-CR)/CF×100% (3)
E2=Cs/(Co×R)×100% (4)
Y=(CMF/CCoF-CMS/CCoS)/(CMF/CCoF)×100% (5)
in the formula (1), CMO,CMRRespectively representing the concentration (g/L) of the metal ions M in the loaded organic phase and the raffinate; in the formula (2), betaCo/MDenotes the separation coefficient of cobalt from the impurity M, DCo,DMRespectively representing the distribution ratio of cobalt to the impurity M; c in formula (3)F,CRRespectively representing the concentrations (g/L) of metal ions in feed liquid and raffinate; in the formula (4), Cs,CoRespectively representing the concentrations (g/L) of metal ions in the stripping solution and the loaded organic phase, wherein R represents the volume flow ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase; in the formula (5), CMF,CCoFRespectively represents the concentrations (g/L) of impurity metal ions M and cobalt ions, CMS,CCoSRespectively representing the concentrations (g/L) of the impurity metal ions M and the cobalt ions in the strip liquor.
Example 1
Water phase feed liquid: copper raffinate from sulfuric acid heap leaching of CoO ore containing Co2+2.71g/L、Fe3+2.46g/L、Al3+1.85g/L, and the pH value of the feed liquid is 2.2;
organic phase: preparing three organic phases with different compositions, wherein the serial numbers of the three organic phases are 1,2 and 3 respectively, a diluent in the organic phase is sulfonated kerosene, the organic phase 1 is a sulfonated kerosene solution of 0.2mol/L dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid, the organic phase 2 is a sulfonated kerosene solution of 0.1mol/L octadecyl bis-2-picolylamine, and the organic phase 3 is a sulfonated kerosene solution of 0.20mol/L dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid and 0.1mol/L octadecyl bis-2-picolylamine.
Extraction and separation: the 3 organic phases are respectively subjected to single-stage extraction with the feed liquid under the condition that the phase ratio (volume ratio of the organic phase to the water phase) is 1/1, the extraction equilibrium time is 10min, and the temperature is 25 ℃. The results of the experiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 synergistic Effect of Naphthalenesulfonic acid and Octadecylbis-2-picolylamine on cobalt extraction
Organic phase numbering | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Octadecyl bis-2-pyridylmethyl amine (mol/L) | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid concentration (mol/L) | 0.2 | 0 | 0.2 |
Extraction ratio of cobalt (%) | 0.49 | 0.03 | 86.8 |
Extraction ratio of iron (%) | 3.35 | 0.57 | 1.98 |
Extraction ratio of aluminum (%) | 2.71 | 0.80 | 0.95 |
DCo | 0.005 | 0.0003 | 6.58 |
βCo/Fe | 0.143 | 0.053 | 329 |
βCo/Al | 0.179 | 0.0375 | 685.4 |
As can be seen from Table 1, Co extraction using octadecyl bis-2-picolyl amine or naphthalene sulfonic acid alone2+、Fe3+、Al3+All the extraction rates of (are very low: (<3.5%); when the mixed extractant consisting of octadecyl bis-2-picolyl amine and naphthalene sulfonic acid is used for synergistically extracting cobalt, Co2+The single-stage extraction rate reaches over 86 percent, but Fe3+、Al3+The extraction rate of (A) is less than 2%. The distribution ratio of cobalt in the extraction of the mixed extractant is far greater than the distribution ratio of cobalt in the extraction of naphthalene sulfonic acid or octadecyl bis-2-picolylamine as the extractant, and the mixed extractant is adoptedThe separation coefficients of Co/Fe and Co/Al during extraction are 329 and 685 respectively. Therefore, the mixed extractant consisting of the naphthalenesulfonic acid and the octadecyl bi-2-picolylamine has obvious synergistic extraction effect on cobalt and can extract the cobalt from the iron-containing iron3+,Al3+And the cobalt is selectively extracted from the acid solution of the impurities.
Example 2
The water phase feed liquid is copper raffinate extracted from sulfuric acid heap leaching solution of copper cobalt ore, which contains Co2+2.71g/L、Fe3+2.46g/L、Al3+1.85g/L,Mn2+2.28g/L,Mg2+5.64g/L,Ca2+0.344g/L,Cr3+0.87g/L, and the pH value of the feed liquid is 2.26.
The organic phase is aviation kerosene solution of 0.3mol/L sodium naphthalenesulfonate and 0.1mol/L heneicosyl bis-2-picolylamine; wherein the R1 alkyl and R2 alkyl in the naphthalene sulfonic acid are hexyl and 12 alkyl, respectively.
The organic phase and the feed liquid are subjected to four-stage countercurrent extraction, the extraction phase is 1/1, and the organic loading is 0.75mol/LH2SO4Four-stage countercurrent back extraction is carried out, and the back extraction ratio is 8: 1. The extraction and back extraction time is 10min, and the temperature is 25 ℃. The results of the experiment are shown in table 2.
As can be seen from Table 2, the cobalt content of the raffinate after 4-stage countercurrent extraction is less than 0.1g/L, the extraction rate of cobalt is as high as 96.7%, and the extraction rates of other metal impurities of iron, aluminum, manganese, magnesium, calcium and chromium are all less than 5%. Fe3+、Al3+、Mn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cr3+The average removal rate of the cobalt is up to more than 98.5 percent, and the extraction process realizes the good separation of the cobalt and impurities of iron, aluminum, manganese, magnesium, calcium and chromium and the high-power enrichment of the cobalt.
TABLE 2 simulation test results of multi-stage countercurrent cascade extraction
Element(s) | Co | Fe | Al | Mn | Mg | Ca | Cr |
Feed liquid (g/L) | 2.71 | 2.46 | 1.85 | 2.28 | 5.64 | 0.344 | 0.87 |
Raffinate (g/L) | 0.09 | 2.35 | 1.84 | 2.26 | 5.49 | 0.342 | 0.86 |
Load organic (g/L) | 2.703 | 0.12 | 0.049 | 0.03 | 0.081 | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Extraction ratio (%) | 96.7 | 4.5 | 0.54 | 0.88 | 2.66 | 0.58 | 1.15 |
Back extraction solution (g/L) | 20.9 | 0.85 | 0.21 | 0.2 | 0.28 | 0.03 | 0.003 |
Percent removal of impurities (%) | - | 95.5 | 98.5 | 98.9 | 99.4 | 98.9 | 99.9 |
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts of the present invention. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that there are objectively infinite specific structures due to the limited character expressions, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a plurality of modifications, decorations or changes may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and the technical features described above may be combined in a suitable manner; such modifications, variations, combinations, or adaptations of the invention using its spirit and scope, as defined by the claims, may be directed to other uses and embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. The synergistic extraction agent is characterized in that the synergistic extraction agent is a compound of polyalkyl bis-2-picolylamine and naphthalene sulfonic acid or naphthalene sulfonate, and the molar ratio of the polyalkyl bis-2-picolylamine to the naphthalene sulfonic acid or the naphthalene sulfonate in the synergistic extraction agent is 1: 1-4; the naphthalene sulfonic acid or naphthalene sulfonate has a structure shown in a formula I; the polyalkyl bis-2-picolylamine has a structure shown in a formula II;
r1 and R2 are respectively and independently selected from C6-12 alkyl, R is selected from C18-21 alkyl, M is one of hydrogen ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, ammonium ion (NH4+) or alkali metal ion, and n is the valence number of M.
2. A method for selectively extracting cobalt from an acidic cobalt-containing aqueous solution by using the synergistic extractant of claim 1, characterized in that an organic phase containing the synergistic extractant is contacted with the acidic cobalt-containing aqueous solution to carry out single-stage or multi-stage countercurrent extraction, the cobalt is selectively extracted into the organic phase, and impurities such as iron, aluminum, manganese, magnesium, calcium, chromium and the like are remained in a raffinate; and washing the loaded organic phase by using a washing agent, and then carrying out single-stage or multi-stage countercurrent back extraction by using an inorganic acid aqueous solution as a back extractant to obtain a cobalt-containing solution with high purity.
3. The method for selectively extracting cobalt from the acidic cobalt-containing aqueous solution according to claim 2, wherein the impurity ions in the acidic cobalt-containing aqueous solution comprise one or more of iron ions, aluminum ions, manganese ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, chromium ions or silicon ions; the pH value of the acidic cobalt-containing aqueous solution is 1.5-5.0.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the organic phase is composed of an extractant and an organic diluent, wherein the concentration of naphthalene sulfonic acid or naphthalene sulfonate in the synergistic extractant in the organic phase is between 0.1 and 0.4mol/L, and the molar concentration ratio of polyalkyl bis-2-picolylamine to naphthalene sulfonic acid or naphthalene sulfonate in the synergistic extractant is between 1:1 and 4.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the organic diluent is one or more of sulfonated kerosene, No. 260 solvent oil, aviation kerosene, Escaid110, and C8-13 higher alcohols.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the stripping agent used for the back extraction is a sulfuric acid solution, a hydrochloric acid solution or a nitric acid solution with the H + concentration of 0.5-4.0 mol/L.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the volume flow ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase in the single-stage or multi-stage countercurrent extraction is 1/5-10/1.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein the number of stages of the single-stage or multi-stage countercurrent extraction is 1 to 10.
9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the volume flow ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase in the back-extraction process is 1/1-10/1.
10. The method according to claim 2, wherein the number of stripping stages is 1 to 10.
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