CN112481010A - 粘度系列化水乙二醇抗燃型液压液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
粘度系列化水乙二醇抗燃型液压液及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112481010A CN112481010A CN202011348017.8A CN202011348017A CN112481010A CN 112481010 A CN112481010 A CN 112481010A CN 202011348017 A CN202011348017 A CN 202011348017A CN 112481010 A CN112481010 A CN 112481010A
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- hydraulic fluid
- water
- glycol
- viscosity
- flame
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- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
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- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种水乙二醇抗燃型液压液及其制备方法。一种水乙二醇抗燃型液压液，其特征在于，所述的水乙二醇抗燃型液压液由乙二醇，水，增粘剂，增粘协同剂及固定组分制备而成。本发明起增粘作用的组分主要为非聚醚型的聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯和椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺的组合，克服了聚醚型增粘剂当添加量超过一定量时液压液会产生絮状物沉淀，从而使其粘度发生变化，产生粘度不稳定的问题。本发明还增加了粘度等级为100的水乙二醇液压液，可作为矿物油型液压油产品的替代品，使其应用更为广泛。同时，通过各种添加剂的协同作用，得到了极压和抗磨减摩性能好的抗燃液压液，也解决了低粘度等级液压液摩擦学性能不高的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗燃液压液技术领域，涉及一种系列化水乙二醇抗燃型液压液及其制备方法，具体涉及一种粘度系列化高极压抗磨减摩性能水乙二醇抗燃型液压液及其制备方法。
背景技术
水-乙二醇抗燃液压液因为具有凝点低、抗燃性能好、使用寿命长、没有毒性、经济环保等优点，在机械、水泥、冶金、石油、化工等多个行业具有广泛的应用，且需求量大。但现代液压设备向高压、高速、高温和多品种、大容量方向发展，现有水-乙二醇抗燃液压液一般是由水、乙二醇、增稠剂、油性剂、防锈剂等多种专用添加剂配制而成的，由于含有大量的水份，运动粘度低，难以在摩擦副表面产生牢固的极压润滑膜，因而极压和抗磨减摩性能较差。CN102010782A公开了一种抗燃液压液组合物及其制备方法，该组合物包括水、乙二醇、聚醚型增稠剂，pH稳定剂，其中pH稳定剂由具有防锈和防腐蚀作用的脂肪酸胺和苯并三氮唑组成，但是该组合物缺少能提高油性润滑和抗磨性能的添加剂，使得其耐磨能力差，最大无卡咬负荷值不高。同时，聚醚型增稠剂本身价格较高，当水乙二醇中聚醚添加量超过16％时液压液会产生絮状物沉淀，同时水乙二醇的粘度也发生变化，稳定性变差。另外，我国水乙二醇液压液按GB/T 21449-2008《水-乙二醇型难燃液压液》标准进行粘度牌号分类，可分为22、32、46、68等四个牌号，而一般工业矿物油液压液按粘度可分为16、22、32、46、68、100等六个牌号，与工业矿物油液压液相比水乙二醇抗燃液压液的粘度系列也不能满足极压性能要求更高工况的需要。因此急需粘度系列范围更宽的抗燃、极压和抗磨减摩性能好的液压液以满足实际需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：为了克服现有的液压液粘度等级不能满足现代液压设备向高压、高速、高温和多品种、大容量方向发展的需求，使水乙二醇液压液实现粘度系列化以及各项理化性能接近矿物油液压液同时，提高其极压抗磨减摩性能，提供一种既能保证粘度等级要求，又具有高极压抗磨减摩性能的水乙二醇抗燃型液压液及其制备方法。
本发明的目的可通过以下技术方案实现：
一种水乙二醇抗燃型液压液，其特征在于，所述的水乙二醇抗燃型液压液由乙二醇，水，增粘剂，增粘协同剂及固定组分制备而成；其中各组分所占重量百分比如下：
其余为固定组分，且乙二醇，水，增粘剂，增粘协同剂及固定组分的重量百分比之和为100％；
其中所述的增粘剂为非聚醚型，所述的增粘协同剂选自甘油聚氧***(G-18)、聚丙二醇醚(PPG400)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)中的一种或几种；所述的固定组分由油性剂、消泡剂、防锈剂、防腐剂等组成。
作为本发明的一种优选，其中各组分所占重量百分比含量如下：
且各组分的重量百分比之和为100％。
所述的增粘剂为聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯(PEG6000DS，又称增稠剂638)和椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺的组合。聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯(以下简称PEG6000DS)是一种高分子非离子表面活性剂。由于PEG6000DS的分子由疏水-亲水-疏水部分组成，它在稀表面活性剂水溶液中形成三元水合网，将表面活性剂胶束围在其中，胶束由球状转变成捧状，从而使粘度增加。虽然单一的PEG6000DS增粘剂的增粘效果比较好，也能一定程度的改善液压液的摩擦学性能，但是摩擦学性能进一步提升空间十分有限。椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺也属于非离子表面活性剂，易溶于水、具有良好的发泡、稳泡、渗透去污、抗硬水等功能，能与多种表面活性剂配伍，增粘效果明显。本发明通过聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯和椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺的组合，并复配增粘协同剂的方法，提供一种既能保证粘度等级要求，又具有高极压抗磨减摩性能的水乙二醇抗燃型液压液。
作为本发明的一种优选，所述的增粘协同剂是选自甘油聚氧***(G-18)、聚丙二醇醚(PPG400)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)中的一种或多种。甘油聚氧***(G-18)、聚丙二醇醚(PPG400)与PEG6000DS相同均为非离子表面活性剂。其中，甘油聚氧***(G-18)为出色的保湿剂和润滑剂，与多种表面活性剂具有良好的配伍性，增粘效果明显，且润滑状态下能形成稳定的具有大吸附力和承载能力的润滑剂膜，具有较低的摩擦系数与较强的抗剪切能力，可作为黏度调节剂、泡沫调节剂和润滑剂。聚丙二醇醚PPG400可溶于水，具有润滑、增溶、消泡等作用，也可作为粘度改善剂。十二烷基苯磺酸钠，易溶于水，是常用的阴离子型表面活性剂，与椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺配伍具有明显的增稠效果。
作为本发明的进一步优选，所述的固定组分中，油性剂为甲基硅油，油酸三乙醇胺、油酸二乙醇胺、硬脂酸三乙醇胺、硬脂酸二乙醇胺中的一种或多种，优选甲基硅油和油酸三乙醇胺，占液压液组合物总重量的0.1～5.0％；所述的消泡剂为磷酸三丁酯、乳化硅油中的一种或两种，添加量为0.1～3.5％；所述的防锈剂为甲醇胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种，添加量为2.0～6.0％；防腐剂为辛酸、庚酸、壬酸、异壬酸、癸酸，苯并三氮唑、苯并噻唑、甲苯基***、辛基***中的一种或多种，添加量为0.2～5.0％；所述的固定组分中还包含聚乙二醇(PEG600)，PEG600润滑性能和增稠性能优异，但单独作为水-乙二醇体系的增稠剂其作用有限，与PEG6000DS配合使用能更加有效的提高水-乙二醇体系的粘度，其加入量为水乙二醇抗燃型液压液总重量的2.0～5.0％。
所述的水乙二醇抗燃型液压液的制备方法，先将PEG6000DS配成10～20％的水溶液；称取剩余量的去离子水，加热到20℃～45℃，按添加量由少到多依次添加所述的固定组分，搅拌均匀，向其中并加入10～20％增粘剂PEG6000DS水溶液以及增粘协同剂，最后加入配方量的乙二醇，并搅拌均匀，配制成所述的粘度系列化高极压抗磨减摩性能水乙二醇抗燃型液压液。
10～20％PEG6000DS水溶液的配制方法是称取一定量的PEG6000DS，投入冷水中，再缓慢加热至70～75℃，充分搅拌、溶解。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明采用非聚醚型增粘剂增粘，并与增粘协同剂复配进一步增粘的思路，选择了特定的非聚醚型增粘剂与增粘协同剂，克服了聚醚型增粘剂添加量超过一定量时液压液会产生絮状物沉淀，从而使其粘度发生变化，产生粘度不稳定的问题。同时，聚醚型增稠剂本身价格较高，在保证粘度等级的条件下，采用非聚醚型增粘剂增粘，并控制其添加量，而不使成本增加。最终配制出理化性能符合国家标准、摩擦学性能优异、系列粘度的水乙二醇抗燃液压液。通过选择增粘剂、增粘协同剂的种类和添加量，除了得到国家标准GB/T21449-2008所包含的4个粘度系列外，本发明还增加了粘度等级为100的水乙二醇液压液，其对应的运动粘度(40℃)/mm2/s以及允许误差范围为100(90.0～110.0)，可作为矿物油型液压油产品的替代品，粘度系列范围宽也使得水乙二醇抗燃液压液应用更为广泛。通过各种添加剂的协同作用，得到了极压和抗磨减摩性能好的抗燃液压液。同时，也解决了低粘度等级液压液摩擦学性能不高的问题。
具体实施方式
本发明不受下述实施例的限制，可根据本发明的技术方案与实际情况来确定具体的实施方式。本发明中所提到各种化学试剂和化学用品如无特殊说明，均为现有技术中公知公用的化学试剂和化学用品；本发明中的百分数如没有特殊说明，均为重量百分数。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明：
实施例1：
以最终配1000g水乙二醇抗燃液压液为例。先称175g去离子水，再称取聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯PEG6000DS(DM-638，广州市道明化学有限公司，下同)35g投入上述冷去离子水中，再缓慢加热至75℃，充分搅拌、溶解，配制得到20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液。称取235g去离子水，加热到40℃，然后依次添加1g甲基硅油、10g磷酸三丁脂、20g辛酸、50g三乙醇胺，搅拌均匀，再添加已配制好的20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液、15g椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺(Maya Reagent，下同)和20g十二烷基苯磺酸钠，充分搅拌，再加入39g PEG600(广东汕头市西陇化工厂，下同)，最后加入400g乙二醇，搅拌均匀，使其完全溶解配制成所述的粘度系列化高极压抗磨减摩性能水乙二醇抗燃型液压液。
实施例2：
以最终配1000g水乙二醇抗燃液压液为例。先称150g去离子水，再称取聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯PEG6000DS 30g投入上述冷去离子水中，再缓慢加热至70℃，充分搅拌、溶解，配制得到20％聚乙二醇二硬脂酸酯水溶液。称取260g去离子水，加热到40℃，然后依次添加1g乳化硅油、2g苯并三氮唑、10g油酸三乙醇胺、50g三乙醇胺，搅拌均匀，再添加已配制好的20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液、50g椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和10g甘油聚氧***(G-18，江苏省海安石油化工厂，下同)，充分搅拌，再加入27g PEG600，最后加入410g乙二醇，搅拌均匀，使其完全溶解配制成所述的粘度系列化高极压抗磨减摩性能水乙二醇抗燃型液压液。
实施例3：
以最终配1000g水乙二醇抗燃液压液为例。先称200g去离子水，再称取聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯PEG6000DS 40g投入上述冷去离子水中，再缓慢加热至75℃，充分搅拌、溶解，配制得到20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液。称取200g去离子水，加热到35℃，然后依次添加1g甲基硅油、5g苯并三氮唑、20g辛酸、60g二乙醇胺，搅拌均匀，再添加已配制好的20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液、40g椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和20g甘油聚氧***(G-18)，充分搅拌，再加入24g PEG600，最后加入390g乙二醇，搅拌均匀，使其完全溶解配制成所述的粘度系列化高极压抗磨减摩性能水乙二醇抗燃型液压液。
实施例4：
以最终配1000g水乙二醇抗燃液压液为例。先称250g去离子水，再称取聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯PEG6000DS 50g投入上述冷去离子水中，再缓慢加热至70℃，充分搅拌、溶解，配制得到20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液。称取140g去离子水，加热到30℃，然后依次添加1g甲基硅油、10g磷酸三丁脂、20g辛酸、50g三乙醇胺，搅拌均匀，再添加已配制好的20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液、20g椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和30g聚丙二醇醚(PPG400,上海如发化工科技有限公司，下同)，充分搅拌，再加入39g PEG600，最后加入390g乙二醇，搅拌均匀，使其完全溶解配制成所述的粘度系列化高极压抗磨减摩性能水乙二醇抗燃型液压液。
实施例5：
以最终配1000g水乙二醇抗燃液压液为例。先称250g去离子水，再称取聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯PEG6000DS 50g投入上述冷去离子水中，再缓慢加热至70℃，充分搅拌、溶解，配制得到20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液。称取140g去离子水，加热到30℃，然后依次添加1g甲基硅油、10g磷酸三丁脂、20g辛酸、50g三乙醇胺，搅拌均匀，再添加已配制好的20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液、30g椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和10g十二烷基苯磺酸钠，充分搅拌，再加入39g PEG600，最后加入400g乙二醇，搅拌均匀，使其完全溶解配制成所述的粘度系列化高极压抗磨减摩性能水乙二醇抗燃型液压液。
实施例6：
以最终配1000g水乙二醇抗燃液压液为例。先称300g去离子水，再称取聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯PEG6000DS 60g投入上述冷去离子水中，再缓慢加热至70℃，充分搅拌、溶解，配制得到20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液。称取90g去离子水，加热到20℃，然后依次添加1g甲基硅油、10g磷酸三丁脂、20g辛酸、50g三乙醇胺，搅拌均匀，再添加已配制好的20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液、10g椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺、20g聚丙二醇醚和10g十二烷基苯磺酸钠,充分搅拌，再加入39g PEG600，最后加入390g乙二醇，搅拌均匀，使其完全溶解配制成所述的粘度系列化高极压抗磨减摩性能水乙二醇抗燃型液压液。
实施例7：
以最终配1000g水乙二醇抗燃液压液为例。先称300g去离子水，再称取聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯PEG6000DS 60g投入上述冷去离子水中，再缓慢加热至70℃，充分搅拌、溶解，配制得到20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液。称取100g去离子水，加热到20℃，然后依次添加1g甲基硅油、10g磷酸三丁脂、20g辛酸、50g三乙醇胺，搅拌均匀，再添加已配制好的20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液、20g椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和10g十二烷基苯磺酸钠，充分搅拌，再加入39g PEG600，最后加入390g乙二醇，搅拌均匀，使其完全溶解配制成所述的粘度系列化高极压抗磨减摩性能水乙二醇抗燃型液压液。
对比例1：
与实施例的制备方法基本相同，唯有不同的是采用聚醚型增粘剂。具体方法是：以最终配1000g水乙二醇抗燃液压液为例。先称442g去离子水，加热到30℃，依次添加1g甲基硅油剂、10g磷酸三丁脂、20g辛酸、50g三乙醇胺，搅拌均匀，然后将上述溶液加热到50℃，加入80g聚乙二醇嵌段醚F127(萨恩化学技术(上海)有限公司，average Mn 10000～12000)，充分搅拌，再加入39g PEG600，最后加入430g乙二醇，搅拌均匀，使其完全溶解配置成水乙二醇抗燃液压液。
对比例2：
目前市场上销售的某国际知名品牌68号水乙二醇抗燃液压液。
将上述实施例与对比例制备的液压液进行检测，根据国家标准检测其闪点、防锈性等理化性能，根据SH/T 0189-1992检测其摩擦系数和磨斑直径，根据GB/T 3142-1982检测其最大无卡咬负荷值，摩擦系数越小，最大无卡咬负荷值越大，磨斑直径越小，极压抗磨性能越好，得到的结果如表1所示。
表1
从以上检测结果可知；本发明的5个粘度系列水乙二醇抗燃液压液产品一般指标均符合水乙二醇液压液的国家标准GB/T 21449-2008。相对于对照组，本发明的水乙二醇液压液各个粘度系列在各种载荷下，特别是高载荷条件下均有良好的抗磨减摩性能。其抗磨减摩润滑性能均优于同类产品和某国际知名品牌水乙二醇抗燃液压液性能。通过优选增粘剂及其协同剂，得到了粘度、润滑性能兼顾的粘度系列范围宽、优异的粘度指数和出色的润滑性能的水-乙二醇型抗燃液压液。
综合上述，本发明的液压液性能更好，值得推广使用。以上所述仅为本发明的较佳方式，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种粘度系列化水乙二醇抗燃型液压液，其特征在于，所述的水乙二醇抗燃型液压液由乙二醇，水，增粘剂，增粘协同剂及固定组分制备而成；其中各组分所占重量百分比如下：
其余为固定组分，且乙二醇，水，增粘剂，增粘协同剂及固定组分的重量百分比之和为100％；
其中所述的增粘剂为非聚醚型，所述的增粘协同剂选自甘油聚氧***G-18、聚丙二醇醚PPG400、十二烷基苯磺酸钠SDBS中的一种或几种；所述的固定组分包括油性剂、消泡剂、防锈剂和防腐剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粘度系列化水乙二醇抗燃型液压液，其特征在于，所述的增粘剂选自聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯PEG6000DS、椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺、甘油聚氧***、聚丙二醇醚中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的粘度系列化水乙二醇抗燃型液压液，其特征在于，所述的增粘剂选自聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯PEG6000DS与椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的粘度系列化水乙二醇抗燃型液压液，其特征在于，所述的固定组分中还包含PEG600。
5.根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的粘度系列化水乙二醇抗燃型液压液，其特征在于，各组分所占重量百分比含量如下：
6.根据权利要求5所述的粘度系列化水乙二醇抗燃型液压液，其特征在于，所述的油性剂选自甲基硅油，油酸三乙醇胺、油酸二乙醇胺、硬脂酸三乙醇胺、硬脂酸二乙醇胺中的一种或多种，优选甲基硅油和油酸三乙醇胺；所述的消泡剂选自磷酸三丁酯、乳化硅油中的一种或两种；所述的防锈剂选自甲醇胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种；防腐剂选自辛酸、庚酸、壬酸、异壬酸、癸酸，苯并三氮唑、苯并噻唑、甲苯基***、辛基***中的一种或多种。
7.权利要求5所述的水乙二醇抗燃型液压液的制备方法，其特征在于，先将聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯配成10～20％的水溶液；称取剩余量的去离子水，加热到20℃～45℃，按添加量由少到多依次添加除PEG600以外的固定组分，搅拌均匀，向其中加入配制好的10～20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液、剩余的增粘剂、增粘协同剂和PEG600，最后加入配方量的乙二醇，并搅拌均匀，配制成所述的水乙二醇抗燃型液压液。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的10～20％聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯水溶液配制方法为：称取配方量的聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯，投入冷水中，再缓慢加热至70～75℃，充分搅拌、溶解。
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