CN112479248B - Preparation method of strontium titanate with adjustable strontium vacancy and application of strontium titanate in field of photocatalytic hydrogen production - Google Patents
Preparation method of strontium titanate with adjustable strontium vacancy and application of strontium titanate in field of photocatalytic hydrogen production Download PDFInfo
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- CN112479248B CN112479248B CN202011236148.7A CN202011236148A CN112479248B CN 112479248 B CN112479248 B CN 112479248B CN 202011236148 A CN202011236148 A CN 202011236148A CN 112479248 B CN112479248 B CN 112479248B
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- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RXSHXLOMRZJCLB-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium;diacetate Chemical compound [Sr+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O RXSHXLOMRZJCLB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/003—Titanates
- C01G23/006—Alkaline earth titanates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/02—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
-
- B01J35/39—
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of strontium titanate with adjustable strontium vacancies and application thereof in the aspect of photocatalytic hydrogen production, strontium titanate crystals are prepared by a citric acid complexation method, and a strontium titanate sample is obtained by calcination.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of strontium titanate with adjustable strontium vacancies and application thereof in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Background
With the continuous growth of economy and increasing energy consumption in China, energy shortage and environmental pollution become two major problems restricting the further development of economy in China. The development of new clean energy and the treatment of environmental pollution become key points and hotspots of scientific research. Hydrogen energy and high combustion heat value. The heat generated by burning hydrogen with the same mass is about 3 times of gasoline, 9 times of alcohol and 4.5 times of coke; the hydrogen has good heat conductivity which is 10 times higher than that of most gases, and is an excellent heat transfer carrier; the combustion product of hydrogen is water, and does not generate substances harmful to the environment, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, lead compounds, dust and the like, and is one of the most ideal clean energy sources. Although there are many industrial methods for producing hydrogen, such as water electrolysis hydrogen production, coal gasification hydrogen production, heavy oil and natural gas steam catalytic conversion hydrogen production, the energy consumed by the reaction is greater than the energy produced by the reaction, and the hydrogen is more widely used due to the bottleneck in production. Therefore, the search for a green, environment-friendly, low-energy-consumption and efficient hydrogen production method is the direction of continuous efforts of many scientific researchers. Research finds that the direct water decomposition by the photocatalyst under the irradiation of ultraviolet light and visible light is the large-scale production of clean H 2 The most efficient method. However, the existing photocatalytic materials have insufficient utilization of solar energy and high recombination rate between photo-generated electrons and holes, so that the application of the photocatalytic technology in hydrogen production is hindered. Therefore, the development and preparation of high-efficiency photocatalyst materials are problems to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of strontium titanate with adjustable strontium vacancies and application thereof in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of strontium titanate with adjustable strontium vacancies is prepared by the following steps:
stirring and dissolving 0.1-0.2 mol of citric acid and 30-40 ml of deionized water at normal temperature, quickly adding 0.04-0.06 mol of tetrabutyl titanate into an aqueous solution of the citric acid, and stirring and dissolving at 80-100 ℃ on a thermal magnetic stirrer until the solution is clear; adding 0.03-0.07 mol of strontium acetate into the dissolved solution, adding 30-40 ml of ethylene glycol after the strontium acetate is dissolved, and stirring for 1-3 h at 110-130 ℃ on a thermomagnetic stirrer until gel is formed; putting the gel into a 120 ℃ oven for drying, putting the dried gel into a ceramic crucible, sending the ceramic crucible into a muffle furnace, and setting a temperature rise condition: heating at the rate of 5-15 ℃/min, keeping the temperature at 300-400 ℃ for 1-2 h, naturally cooling, and fully grinding to obtain strontium titanate photocatalyst precursor powder; taking 4g of strontium titanate precursor powder, placing the strontium titanate precursor powder in a ceramic crucible, sending the strontium titanate precursor powder into a muffle furnace for high-temperature sintering, and setting a temperature rise condition: the heating rate is 5-15 ℃/min, the temperature is kept at 600-800 ℃ for 1-3 h, and the strontium titanate photocatalyst with adjustable strontium vacancies is obtained after natural cooling.
Further, the content of strontium vacancies in the strontium titanate is controlled by changing the amount of added strontium acetate, and the mass ratio of the strontium acetate solution in the strontium titanate catalyst is 1-10: 100;
the invention also provides application of the strontium titanate with adjustable strontium vacancies in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production, and the prepared strontium titanate is applied in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production by decomposing water.
Further, 40-60 mg of strontium titanate catalyst powder, 80-100 ml of deionized water, 5-15 ml of triethanolamine and 2-4 wt% of chloroplatinic acid are put into a quartz reactor and stirred by a magnetic stirrer to obtain a mixed solution. And (3) vacuumizing the photocatalytic reactor in sections by using a vacuum pump to ensure that the system reaches a vacuum state, and vertically irradiating by using a 300W xenon lamp to carry out photocatalytic decomposition on water to prepare hydrogen.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) compared with pure strontium titanate, the strontium titanate containing a proper amount of strontium vacancies has good photocatalytic activity.
(2) The existence of the strontium vacancy reduces the recombination of photoproduction electrons and holes, and is beneficial to the separation of the electrons and the holes, thereby improving the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of the strontium titanate.
(3) The preparation method has simple and convenient process and low cost, and the prepared photocatalyst has good photocatalytic performance, less impurities and complete reaction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD spectrum of a strontium titanate sample obtained in example 1, example 2, example 3 or example 4;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of strontium titanate samples obtained in example 1, example 2, example 3, and example 4 as a function of time;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the average photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of strontium titanate samples obtained in example 1, example 2, example 3, and example 4.
Detailed Description
The description is to be regarded as illustrative and explanatory only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can combine features from the embodiments of this document and from different embodiments accordingly based on the description of this document.
Example 1: stirring and dissolving 0.15mol of citric acid and 35ml of deionized water at normal temperature, quickly adding 0.05mol of tetrabutyl titanate into the aqueous solution of the citric acid, and stirring and dissolving the solution on a thermomagnetic stirrer at 90 ℃ until the solution is clear; adding 0.045mol of strontium acetate into the dissolved solution, adding 34ml of ethylene glycol after the strontium acetate is dissolved, and stirring for 2h at 120 ℃ on a thermal magnetic stirrer; placing the solution in a porcelain crucible, adding a cover to the crucible, sending the crucible into a muffle furnace, and setting a temperature rise condition: heating at a speed of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature at 350 ℃ for 1h, naturally cooling, and fully grinding to obtain strontium titanate photocatalyst precursor powder; taking 4g of strontium titanate precursor, placing the strontium titanate precursor in a ceramic crucible, sending the strontium titanate precursor into a muffle furnace for high-temperature sintering, and setting a temperature rise condition: heating rate 10 deg.C/min, keeping temperature at 700 deg.C for 2h, and naturally cooling to obtain strontium titanate sample (Sr) 0.9 TiO 3 )。
Example 2: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the content of added strontium acetate was 0.040mol, and a strontium titanate sample (Sr) was obtained 0.8 TiO 3 )。
Example 3: and implementation ofExample 2 differs in that: the content of added strontium acetate is 0.0475mol, and a pure strontium titanate sample (Sr) is prepared 0.95 TiO 3 )。
Example 4: the difference from the embodiment 3 is that: the content of added strontium acetate is 0.05mol, and a pure strontium titanate sample is prepared.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of strontium titanate with adjustable strontium vacancies is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps of,
step one, preparing a precursor of strontium titanate with adjustable strontium vacancies: according to parts by weight, placing 20-30 parts of citric acid and 25-35 parts of deionized water in a beaker, and stirring and dissolving at normal temperature; secondly, quickly adding 2-10 parts of tetrabutyl titanate into the aqueous solution obtained in the first step, and stirring and dissolving the tetrabutyl titanate in a thermomagnetic stirring instrument at 80-100 ℃ until the tetrabutyl titanate is clear; adding 5-15 parts of strontium acetate into the solution obtained in the step (III), adding 35-45 parts of ethylene glycol after the strontium acetate is dissolved, and stirring for 1-3 hours at 110-130 ℃ on a thermomagnetic stirrer until gel is formed; putting the gel into a 120 ℃ oven for drying, putting the dried gel into a ceramic crucible, covering the crucible, sending into a muffle furnace, and setting a temperature rise condition: heating at the rate of 5-15 ℃/min, keeping the temperature at 300-400 ℃ for 1-2 h, naturally cooling, and fully grinding to obtain strontium titanate precursor powder with adjustable strontium vacancies;
step two, preparing the strontium titanate photocatalyst with adjustable strontium vacancies: weighing 4g of precursor powder prepared in the first step, placing the precursor powder in a ceramic crucible, sending the ceramic crucible into a muffle furnace for high-temperature sintering, setting a heating condition, keeping the temperature at 600-800 ℃ for 1-3 h at a heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to obtain strontium titanate with adjustable strontium vacancies.
2. The method for preparing strontium titanate with adjustable strontium vacancies according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the strontium acetate solution in the first step in the strontium titanate catalyst is 1-10: 100.
3. An application of strontium titanate with adjustable strontium vacancy in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production is characterized in that: strontium titanate obtained according to claim 1 is used.
4. The application of the strontium titanate with adjustable strontium vacancies in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: putting 40-60 mg of strontium titanate catalyst powder, 80-100 ml of deionized water, 5-15 ml of triethanolamine and 2-4 wt% of chloroplatinic acid into a quartz reactor, and stirring with a magnetic stirrer to obtain a mixed solution; and (3) vacuumizing the photocatalytic reactor in sections by using a vacuum pump to ensure that the system reaches a vacuum state, and vertically irradiating by using a 300W xenon lamp to carry out photocatalytic decomposition on water to prepare hydrogen.
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| CN114752948B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2024-04-09 | 西安电子科技大学 | Photoelectric coupling double-source excitation pyrolysis water hydrogen production reactor, system and method |
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