CN112475661A

CN112475661A - Nickel-chromium-iron coating and welding rod for welding nickel-based alloy and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112475661A
Application number: CN202110151511.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 龙柄宏; 范阳阳; 雷力
Original assignee: Sichuan Xiye New Material Co ltd
Current assignee: Sichuan Xiye New Material Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-02-04
Filing date: 2021-02-04
Publication date: 2021-03-12
Anticipated expiration: 2041-02-04
Also published as: CN112475661B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of welding materials, and discloses a nickel-chromium-iron coating and a welding rod for welding nickel-based alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the nickel-chromium-iron coating comprises, by weight, 35.0-45.0% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 10.0-30.0% of calcium carbonate, 5.0-20.0% of rutile, 4-8% of titanium dioxide, 3.0-8.0% of metallic chromium, 0.6-1.8% of electrolytic manganese, 1.0-4.0% of ferrosilicon, 1.0-4.0% of ferroniobium, 0.5-0.8% of soda ash, 0.3-0.6% of CMC and 0.5-2.0% of ferromolybdenum; meanwhile, discloses a welding rod containing the coating and a preparation method of the welding rod, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the components of the coating according to a proportion, uniformly mixing, adding an adhesive accounting for 18-22% of the total weight of the coating, uniformly stirring, conveying into a press coating machine to wrap the surface of the core wire, and baking to obtain the core wire. The welding rod realizes the bidirectional compromise of the processing property and the mechanical property of the welding rod by utilizing different coating component compositions and core wire components. Meanwhile, the operability during manual welding can be effectively improved, the welding efficiency is improved, and the repair rate is reduced.

Description

Nickel-chromium-iron coating and welding rod for welding nickel-based alloy and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of welding materials, and particularly relates to a nickel-chromium-iron coating and a welding rod for welding nickel-based alloy and a preparation method thereof.

Background

At present, with the continuous development of the industry in China, the application of the nickel-based alloy is more and more extensive, and the nickel-based alloy has good acid resistance and oxidation corrosion resistance, so that the nickel-based alloy is widely applied to the fields of petroleum, chemical engineering, aviation, nuclear energy industry and the like, and the demand of the nickel-based alloy welding material is greatly increased.

At present, the corresponding nickel-based alloy welding rods at home and abroad have the defects of poor electric arc stability, small electric arc blowing force, large welding spatter, poor welding seam forming, poor slag removal performance, red tail part during welding and the like in different degrees during welding. Therefore, how to solve the above drawbacks is a problem that needs to be solved urgently at present.

Disclosure of Invention

Accordingly, a first object of the present invention is to provide a nickel-chromium-iron sheath for welding nickel-based alloys.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a nickel-chromium-iron welding rod for welding nickel-base alloy, which utilizes different coating component compositions and core wire components to realize the bidirectional compromise of the processing property and the mechanical property of the welding rod. The method effectively improves the operability during manual welding, improves the welding efficiency and reduces the repair rate. The welding rod can be safely used in the working temperature range of-196 ℃ and ultralow temperature to 980 ℃, and is suitable for the butt joint of Inconel 600 and the welding of stainless steel dissimilar materials in the fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry, food processing equipment, heat treatment equipment and the like.

The third purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the nickel-chromium-iron welding rod for welding the nickel-based alloy.

The specific contents are as follows:

the invention provides a nickel-chromium-iron coating for welding nickel-based alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 35.0-45.0% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 10.0-30.0% of calcium carbonate, 5.0-20.0% of rutile, 4-8% of titanium dioxide, 3.0-8.0% of metal chromium, 0.6-1.8% of electrolytic manganese and 1.0-4.0% of ferrosilicon; 1.0-4.0% of ferrocolumbium, 0.5-0.8% of soda ash, 0.3-0.6% of CMC and 0.5-2.0% of ferromolybdenum.

In the invention, the coating is used as the component of the welding rod to coat the outer surface of the core wire.

(sodium hexafluoroaluminate 35.0-45.0%)

The sodium hexafluoroaluminate mainly has the functions of slagging and dehydrogenation, F-is ionized under the action of welding electric arc, the partial pressure of hydrogen in the electric arc atmosphere can be reduced, and the sodium hexafluoroaluminate has the same effect as carbonate. The sodium hexafluoroaluminate has low melting point, can effectively reduce the high-temperature viscosity of the slag, improve the fluidity of the slag, improve the conductivity and improve the formation of a welding seam, and has great effects on improving the welding process and improving the mechanical properties of deposited metal. If the addition of the sodium hexafluoroaluminate is lower than 35%, the penetration depth of the welding rod is insufficient, the fluidity of a metal molten pool of a welding line is poor, and gas floats upwards insufficiently, so that the dwell time at the edge of a groove is too long in the operation process of a welder, the corrugation of the welding line is thick, and the defects of gas holes, incomplete fusion and slag inclusion are easy to occur. Therefore, the addition amount of sodium hexafluoroaluminate is controlled to be 35.0-45.0%.

(calcium carbonate 10.0-30.0%)

The calcium carbonate is selected to be 800-mesh superfine powder (the particle size of single calcium carbonate is less than or equal to 18 mu m), and compared with 40-200-mesh marble powder (the particle size is 75-380 mu m) commonly used in the welding material industry, the granularity is obviously reduced. The superfine calcium carbonate powder can be uniformly distributed in the coating of the welding rod, can be stably decomposed under the action of welding arc, and can be used for preparing CO₂The gas release process and the welding rod coating melting process are stable, and CO can be avoided in the decomposition process of large-particle calcium carbonate₂The arc and droplet transition process caused by the short-time release of a large amount of gas is unstable. After the superfine powder calcium carbonate is decomposed, the products are CaO and CO₂Gas, thereby performing the functions of slagging and gas making. CaO is an alkaline oxide, can improve the alkalinity of the slag, stabilize electric arc, increase the interfacial tension and the surface tension of the slag and the metal surface, improve the slag removal performance, and has better S removal capacity and CO removal capacity₂The hydrogen partial pressure in the arc atmosphere can be reduced, and the hydrogen content of the welding seam can be reduced. However, if the amount of calcium carbonate is too much, the gas permeability of the electrode is deteriorated, and cracking is likely to occur during baking. Therefore, the addition amount of the ultrafine calcium carbonate powder is controlled to be 10.0-30.0%.

(rutile 5.0-20.0%)

The rutile has the main functions of improving the physical properties of slag, changing long slag into short slag, enabling the change of slag to be fast along with temperature, enabling welding seams to be well formed and improving slag detachability. The addition amount of the rutile is controlled to be 5.0-20.0%.

(titanium dioxide 4.0-8.0%)

The titanium dioxide has the main functions of enhancing the shaping and the viscosity of the coating of the welding rod and is beneficial to the press coating production of the welding rod. The invention controls the adding amount of the titanium dioxide to be 4.0-8.0%.

(metallic chromium 3.0-8.0%)

The main function of metallic chromium is to increase the chromium content in the deposited metal and to form Cr easily₂O₃The oxide film makes the material have excellent normal temperature and high temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance. The addition amount of the metal chromium is controlled to be 3.0-8.0%.

(electrolytic manganese 0.6-1.8%)

The electrolytic manganese has the main functions of deoxidation and desulfurization, improving the manganese content in deposited metal and improving the strength and plasticity of weld metal. The invention controls the addition of electrolytic manganese to be 0.6-1.8%.

(silicon iron 1.0-4.0%)

The main function of the ferrosilicon is deoxidation and desulfurization, and the silicon content in the deposited metal is improved. The addition amount of the ferrosilicon is controlled to be 1.0-4.0%.

(ferrocolumbium 1.0-4.0%)

The ferrocolumbium mainly has the functions of improving the strength, plasticity, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of weld metal, and Nb is a strong carbide forming element and can form a stable carbide NbC which is extremely stable. However, the elongation decreases with increasing Nb content, due to NbFe₂Is increased, too high Nb content significantly reduces the toughness of the weld metal. Therefore, the addition amount of the ferrocolumbium is controlled to be 1.0-4.0%

(0.5-0.8% of soda ash)

The main function of the soda ash is lubricant, and the soda ash is added into the welding rod to increase the press coating property of the welding rod and stabilize the arc. The addition amount of the sodium carbonate is controlled to be 0.5-0.8%.

（CMC0.3~0.6%）

The main functions of CMC are lubricant and binder, which improve the press-coating property of the electrode. The invention controls the addition amount of CMC to be 0.3-0.6%.

(ferromolybdenum 0.5-2.0%)

The main role of ferromolybdenum is to transition the molybdenum content to the deposited metal. Mo is mainly solid solution strengthening and participates in forming precipitation strengthening, and the creep limit and the endurance strength limit of the steel can be obviously improved. Mo also enables a significant increase in the recrystallization temperature and a significant increase in the recovery temperature after deformation. The invention controls the addition amount of ferromolybdenum to be 0.5-2.0%.

Secondly, the invention provides a nickel-chromium-iron welding rod for welding nickel-base alloy, which comprises a core wire and a coating coated on the surface of the core wire, wherein the chemical components of the core wire comprise, by weight, 0.06-0.09% of C, 1.5-2.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.15% of Si and not more than 0%, less than or equal to 0.01% of S and not more than 0%, less than or equal to 0.02% of P and not more than 0%, 12.0-15.0% of Cr, 5.0-8.0% of Fe, 1.0-1.5% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.03% of Cu and not more than 0%, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.

Third, the present invention provides a method for preparing a nickel-chromium-iron welding rod for welding a nickel-based alloy, comprising the steps of:

weighing the components of the coating according to a proportion, uniformly mixing, adding an adhesive accounting for 18-22% of the total weight of the coating, uniformly stirring, conveying into a press coating machine to wrap the surface of the core wire, and baking to obtain the core wire.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

(1) the welding rod of the invention solves the problems of poor arc stability, small arc blowing power, large welding spatter, poor weld joint formation, poor slag removal performance, red tail part in welding and the like existing in different degrees during welding of the current nickel-based alloy welding rod. Meanwhile, the welding rod has good welding process performance, and deposited metal has good strength and plasticity and toughness, so that the welding rod is suitable for all-position welding.

(2) The welding rod of the invention is a low sodium hydrogen type welding rod, and the components in the welding rod are reasonably matched, thereby playing a good role in improving the mechanical properties of welding tissues and welding seams.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

Preferably, each component comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 36% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 23% of calcium carbonate, 19% of rutile, 5% of titanium dioxide, 8% of metal chromium, 1% of electrolytic manganese, 2.5% of ferrosilicon, 2.5% of ferroniobium, 0.8% of soda ash, 0.6% of CMC and 1.6% of ferromolybdenum.

Preferably, each component comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 43% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 27% of calcium carbonate, 10% of rutile, 6% of titanium dioxide, 5% of chromium metal, 1.8% of electrolytic manganese, 2% of ferrosilicon, 2.8% of ferroniobium, 0.6% of soda ash, 0.4% of CMC and 1.4% of ferromolybdenum.

Preferably, each component comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 41% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 30% of calcium carbonate, 8% of rutile, 8% of titanium dioxide, 4% of chromium metal, 1.5% of electrolytic manganese, 2% of ferrosilicon, 3% of ferroniobium, 0.5% of soda ash, 0.3% of CMC and 1.7% of ferromolybdenum.

Preferably, each component comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 20% of calcium carbonate, 12% of rutile, 8% of titanium dioxide, 3% of chromium metal, 0.6% of electrolytic manganese, 4% of ferrosilicon, 4% of ferroniobium, 0.8% of soda ash, 0.6% of CMC and 2% of ferromolybdenum.

Preferably, each component comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the components comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 38% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 25% of calcium carbonate, 15% of rutile, 4% of titanium dioxide, 8% of chromium metal, 0.8% of electrolytic manganese, 4% of ferrosilicon, 2% of ferroniobium, 0.8% of soda ash, 0.4% of CMC and 2% of ferromolybdenum.

Preferably, each component comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 10% of calcium carbonate, 20% of rutile, 8% of titanium dioxide, 8% of chromium metal, 1.8% of electrolytic manganese, 4% of ferrosilicon, 1% of ferroniobium, 0.8% of soda ash, 0.6% of CMC and 0.8% of ferromolybdenum.

In the present invention, the particle size of calcium carbonate is not more than 18 μm, that is, it is extra fine calcium carbonate powder formed after passing through 800 mesh.

The inevitable impurities are impurities inevitably mixed in during melting.

Thirdly, the invention provides a preparation method of a nickel-chromium-iron welding rod for welding nickel-based alloy, which comprises the following steps:

In the invention, the adhesive is potassium-sodium water glass, wherein the ratio of potassium to sodium is 10: 1-5: 1, and the Baume concentration is 43-45 degrees.

The high potassium low sodium water glass is selected as the adhesive, because the potassium water glass can effectively improve the arc stability of the welding rod, and the press coating property of the welding rod can be improved by adding a small amount of sodium water glass. The high-potassium low-sodium water glass with the potassium-sodium ratio of 10: 1-5: 1 can simultaneously meet the improvement of two conditions.

The baking process comprises the steps of baking at a low temperature of 80-100 ℃ and baking at a high temperature of 350-380 ℃ for 1.5 hours.

< example >

Example 1

A nickel-chromium-iron welding rod for welding nickel-based alloy comprises a core wire and a coating coated on the surface of the core wire, wherein the components of the coating are shown in a table 1.

The chemical components of the core wire comprise, by weight, 0.06-0.09% of C, 1.5-2.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.15% of Si and not including 0%, less than or equal to 0.01% and not including 0%, less than or equal to 0.02% of P and not including 0%, 12.0-15.0% of Cr, 5.0-8.0% of Fe, 1.0-1.5% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.03% of Cu and not including 0%, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.

Taking a core wire and a coating, uniformly mixing all components of the coating, adding 43-45 DEG Be' potassium-sodium water mixed glass accounting for 20% of the total weight of the coating, wherein the ratio of potassium to sodium in the water glass is 6:1, preparing a paste for the coating, and preparing a welding rod on welding rod production equipment by using a conventional process together with the core wire. Wherein the baking process comprises the steps of baking at a low temperature of 80-100 ℃ and then baking at a high temperature of 350-380 ℃ for 1.5 hours.

The welding rod produced by the process has the advantages of smooth surface, high yield, stable eccentricity, stable electric arc during welding, good slag detachability, excellent operating performance of the welding rod, attractive welding line forming, moderate welding bead height and moderate welding line wettability. The mechanical properties of the electrode metal are shown in Table 2.

Example 2

The difference between the present example and example 1 is that the components of the coating are different, and the specific components are shown in table 1.

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Example 6

TABLE 1 ingredient ratio Table (mass%)

(Experimental example is represented by E)

Medicinal skin component	E1	E2	E3	E4	E5	E6
							Sodium hexafluoroaluminate	36	43	41	45	38	45
Calcium carbonate	23	27	30	20	25	10
							Rutile type	19	10	8	12	15	20
Titanium white powder	5	6	8	8	4	8
							Metallic chromium	8	5	4	3	8	8
Electrolytic manganese	1	1.8	1.5	0.6	0.8	1.8
							Silicon iron	2.5	2	2	4	4	4
Ferrocolumbium	2.5	2.8	3	4	2	1
							Soda ash	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.8	0.8
CMC	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.4	0.6
							Ferromolybdenum	1.6	1.4	1.7	2	2	0.8

TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of the deposited metal with the electrode (example is represented by E)

Sample (I)	Tensile Strength Rm (MPa)	Yield strength ReL (MPa)	Elongation (%)	Impact energy KV2(J) at-196 DEG C
					E1	648	410	38	133~137
E2	655	403	41.5	130~135
					E3	658	410	40.5	137~142
E4	640	383	39.5	136~141
					E5	643	408	42	137~143
E6	650	415	36	125~131

The deposited metals of examples 1 to 6 were satisfactory in strength and plasticity.

In conclusion, the welding rod is a low-sodium-hydrogen welding rod, and the reasonable matching of the components in the welding rod plays a good role in improving the mechanical properties of a welding structure and a welding seam. The deposited metal mechanical property of the alloy meets the requirements of ENiCrFe-1 in ENi6062 and AWS A5.11 in GB/T13814-2008. The tensile strength is 649MPa, the yield strength is 383-415 MPa, the elongation is 36-42%, and the average value of impact energy (KV2) at minus 196 ℃ is about 135J.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The nickel-chromium-iron coating for welding the nickel-based alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 35.0-45.0% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 10.0-30.0% of calcium carbonate, 5.0-20.0% of rutile, 4-8% of titanium dioxide, 3.0-8.0% of metal chromium, 0.6-1.8% of electrolytic manganese, 1.0-4.0% of ferrosilicon, 1.0-4.0% of ferrocolumbium, 0.5-0.8% of soda ash, 0.3-0.6% of CMC and 0.5-2.0% of ferromolybdenum.

2. The ni-cr-fe sheath for welding ni-based alloys according to claim 1, wherein each of the components comprises, in weight percent: 36% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 23% of calcium carbonate, 19% of rutile, 5% of titanium dioxide, 8% of metal chromium, 1% of electrolytic manganese, 2.5% of ferrosilicon, 2.5% of ferroniobium, 0.8% of soda ash, 0.6% of CMC and 1.6% of ferromolybdenum.

3. The ni-cr-fe sheath for welding ni-based alloys according to claim 1, wherein each of the components comprises, in weight percent: 43% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 27% of calcium carbonate, 10% of rutile, 6% of titanium dioxide, 5% of chromium metal, 1.8% of electrolytic manganese, 2% of ferrosilicon, 2.8% of ferroniobium, 0.6% of soda ash, 0.4% of CMC and 1.4% of ferromolybdenum.

4. The ni-cr-fe sheath for welding ni-based alloys according to claim 1, wherein each of the components comprises, in weight percent: 41% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 30% of calcium carbonate, 8% of rutile, 8% of titanium dioxide, 4% of chromium metal, 1.5% of electrolytic manganese, 2% of ferrosilicon, 3% of ferroniobium, 0.5% of soda ash, 0.3% of CMC and 1.7% of ferromolybdenum.

5. The ni-cr-fe sheath for welding ni-based alloys according to claim 1, wherein each of the components comprises, in weight percent: 45% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 20% of calcium carbonate, 12% of rutile, 8% of titanium dioxide, 3% of chromium metal, 0.6% of electrolytic manganese, 4% of ferrosilicon, 4% of ferroniobium, 0.8% of soda ash, 0.6% of CMC and 2% of ferromolybdenum.

6. The ni-cr-fe sheath for welding ni-based alloys according to claim 1, wherein each of the components comprises, in weight percent: 38% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 25% of calcium carbonate, 15% of rutile, 4% of titanium dioxide, 8% of chromium metal, 0.8% of electrolytic manganese, 4% of ferrosilicon, 2% of ferroniobium, 0.8% of soda ash, 0.4% of CMC and 2% of ferromolybdenum.

7. The ni-cr-fe sheath for welding ni-based alloys according to claim 1, wherein each of the components comprises, in weight percent: 45% of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 10% of calcium carbonate, 20% of rutile, 8% of titanium dioxide, 8% of chromium metal, 1.8% of electrolytic manganese, 4% of ferrosilicon, 1% of ferroniobium, 0.8% of soda ash, 0.6% of CMC and 0.8% of ferromolybdenum.

8. The NiCrFe skin for welding of nickel-base alloys according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the particle size of calcium carbonate does not exceed 18 μm.

9. A nickel-chromium-iron welding rod for welding nickel-based alloy is characterized by comprising a core wire and the coating of any one of claims 1 to 8 coated on the surface of the core wire, wherein the chemical components of the core wire comprise, by weight, 0.06-0.09% of C, 1.5-2.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.15% of Si and not more than 0%, less than or equal to 0.01% and not more than 0%, less than or equal to 0.02% and not more than 0%, 12.0-15.0% of Cr, 5.0-8.0% of Fe, 1.0-1.5% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.03% and not more than 0%, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.

10. The method of making a nickel-chromium-iron welding electrode for welding nickel-based alloys as defined in claim 9, comprising the steps of: