CN112473740A - Ethylene oligomerization catalyst system, preparation method and application - Google Patents

Ethylene oligomerization catalyst system, preparation method and application Download PDF

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CN112473740A
CN112473740A CN202011142667.7A CN202011142667A CN112473740A CN 112473740 A CN112473740 A CN 112473740A CN 202011142667 A CN202011142667 A CN 202011142667A CN 112473740 A CN112473740 A CN 112473740A
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chromium
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ethylene oligomerization
ethylene
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魏东初
柳庆先
叶健
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Hangzhou Xiaoling Technology Co ltd
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    • C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
    • C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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Abstract

The invention discloses a novel ethylene oligomerization catalyst system with high activity and high selectivity, a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst system comprises a novel PNP ligand, a transition metal compound and a cocatalyst; the PNP ligand uses a binary aromatic group to replace a phenyl group in the conventional PNP ligand, the binary aromatic group has more substitution positions, more abundant aromatic ring electron cloud distribution modes and larger space volume than a benzene ring, and can provide more and stronger influence on a donor part of the ligand, so that the catalyst shows more excellent linear alpha-olefin (LAO) selectivity in the ethylene oligomerization reaction, and can be used for preparing 1-hexene or 1-octene with high selectivity.

Description

Ethylene oligomerization catalyst system, preparation method and application
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of industrial catalysts, relates to an ethylene oligomerization catalyst system, a preparation method and application thereof, and particularly relates to an ethylene selective oligomerization catalyst system and a method for preparing 1-hexene and/or 1-octene by using the catalyst system.
Background
Linear alpha-olefins are understood to mean C with a double bond at the end of the molecule4And the above straight chain olefins are a class of applicationsA wide range of important petrochemical feedstocks. Among them, the higher alpha-olefins such as 1-hexene and 1-octene can be used not only for preparing high-end polyolefin materials, but also for producing many important products such as high-end detergents, higher alcohols, high-performance PAO lubricating oil, surfactants, oil additives and the like, and the market demand is huge. However, the domestic yields of higher alpha-olefins such as 1-hexene, 1-octene and the like are still small at present, and particularly, the domestic large-scale production of 1-octene is still blank and depends heavily on import, so that the autonomous development of domestic related application fields is greatly limited.
Presently, ethylene oligomerization is the most dominant and promising process for the production of linear alpha-olefins, and more than 90% of the alpha-olefins are produced by this process. Most of the traditional ethylene oligomerization processes are nonselective, the product is a mixture of a series of alpha-olefins, and the product distribution conforms to Schulz-Flory distribution or Poisson distribution. For example, the Gulf one-step Process disclosed in German patent DE1443927, the Ethyl two-step Process disclosed in US3906053, the Higher alpha-Olefin production Process (i.e., the SHOP Process) of Shell as disclosed in US3676523, US3686351 and US3726938, and the ethylene oligomerization Process of light-emitting company disclosed in Japanese patent JP6259225, etc., are all ethylene non-selective oligomerization processes. In these process technologies, the selectivity is very low, generally not exceeding 30%, in the case of 1-hexene or 1-octene. Meanwhile, the final product contains a large amount of C with low market demand due to wide product distribution4Component (A) and (C)20And the solid oligomer not only obviously reduces the process economy, but also seriously influences the stable operation of equipment. The existence of the solid oligomer easily causes the problems of wall sticking of the reaction kettle, pipeline blockage and the like, and greatly increases the energy consumption and the cost of subsequent product separation.
In view of the shortcomings of ethylene non-selective oligomerization in the aspect of directional preparation of specific products, researchers begin to focus on the development of ethylene selective oligomerization technology. Wherein, the technology for preparing 1-hexene by ethylene trimerization is developed by Chevron Phillips company, and a plurality of domestic and foreign companies master related technologies at present; the technology for preparing 1-octene by ethylene tetramerization was developed by Sasol company, and a production device has been built. To date, a large number of patented technologies for selective trimerization or tetramerization of ethylene have been published by domestic and foreign research institutes to achieve high selective production of 1-hexene or 1-octene. Patent documents WO2004/056478a1, US20090118117, US7906681, US7829749, US7511183, US7381857, US7297832, CN1741849A, CN1741850A, CN101032695A, CN101351424A, CN101415494A, CN101291734A and the like disclose ethylene tetramerization catalyst systems using a PNP ligand and a chromium complex as a main catalyst, and the content of 1-octene in the final product for catalyzing ethylene oligomerization reaches more than 60 percent, even more than 70 percent. However, no ethylene trimerization and tetramerization co-production reactions have been reported. How to simultaneously produce 1-hexene and 1-octene, flexibly select and adjust the proportion of 1-hexene to 1-octene, or improve the total selectivity of 1-octene and 1-hexene, inhibit the formation of waxy oligomers, and have important economic benefits for flexibly selecting 1-hexene to 1-octene.
In the ethylene oligomerization catalytic system, the micro chemical environment and the essence of the active center are the key points for regulating and controlling the selectivity of the oligomerization products. The ligand provides the most main coordination environment for the active center, and the change of the steric hindrance effect and the electronic effect of the ligand can obviously influence the micro chemical environment of the active center, so that the innovative design of the ligand is the key for developing a high-selectivity ethylene oligomerization catalytic system, and becomes a hotspot for research and development in the field of ethylene selective oligomerization in recent years.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and the defects of the existing ethylene oligomerization technology, and provides a novel ethylene oligomerization catalyst system with high activity and high selectivity, a preparation method and application thereof.
In one aspect, the present invention provides an ethylene oligomerization catalyst system comprising a PNP ligand, a transition metal compound, and a cocatalyst.
The PNP ligand has the following structural general formula I:
Figure BDA0002738205200000021
wherein: r1Is alkyl, including straight, branched or cyclic alkyl;
R2is one of the groups described in the following (D) and (E):
(D)R2is aryl, and has a chemical structural general formula as follows:
Figure BDA0002738205200000022
wherein: rd3、Rd4、Rd5、Rd6And Rd7The same or different, each independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl; the alkyl is a straight chain or branched chain alkyl;
in some embodiments, the alkyl is C1-C6Alkyl or C1-C4An alkyl group; preferably the alkyl group is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl;
in some embodiments, Rd3Is a linear or branched alkyl group of carbon 6 to carbon 20.
(E)R2Is aryl, and has a chemical structural general formula as follows:
Figure BDA0002738205200000031
wherein: re3、Re4、Re5、Re6、Re7、Re8And Re9The same or different, each independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl; the alkyl is a straight chain or branched chain alkyl; x is a silicon atom;
in some embodiments, R1、Re3、Re4、Re5、Re6Is C1-C6Alkyl, or C1-C4Alkyl, preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl;
in some embodiments, Re7、Re8And Re9Is a linear or branched alkyl group of carbon 6 to carbon 20.
The transition metal compound may be selected from one or more of the following chromium compounds: an inorganic salt, an organic salt, a coordination complex or an organometallic complex of trivalent chromium. The transition metal compound can be selected from one or more of the following chromium compounds: chromium acetate, chromium caproate, chromium 2-ethylhexanoate, chromium isooctanoate, chromium n-octanoate, chromium acetylacetonate, chromium diisoprenate, chromium diphenyloxide, CrCl3(THF)3、CrCl2(THF)2Chromium tricarbonyl and chromium hexacarbonyl.
The cocatalyst is an organoaluminum compound, an organoboron compound, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the organoaluminum compound is selected from one or more of the following compounds: alkylaluminums, alkylaluminum halides, alkylaluminum alkoxides, or alkylaluminoxanes.
In some embodiments, the organoaluminum compound may be selected from one or more of the following compounds: c1～C10Alkyl aluminium, halogenated C1～C10Alkyl aluminium, C1～C10Alkoxy aluminium, C1～C10Alkylaluminoxane or modified C1～C10An alkylaluminoxane.
In some embodiments, the organoaluminum compound may be specifically selected from one or more of the following compounds: trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-n-hexylaluminum, tri-n-octylaluminum, diethylaluminum chloride, ethylaluminum dichloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, aluminum isopropoxide, methylaluminoxane, ethylaluminoxane, isobutylaluminoxane.
In some embodiments, the organoboron compound can be specifically selected from one or more of the following compounds: boroxine, triethylborane, triphenylborane ammonia complex, NaBH4Tributyl borate, triisopropyl borate, tris (pentafluorophenyl) borane, trityltetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, dimethylphenylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, diethylphenylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, methyldi (phenyl) borate, and mixtures thereofPhenylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, ethyldiphenylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, methyldioctadecylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, trioctylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the catalyst system for ethylene oligomerization, wherein the chemical synthesis of the PNP ligand comprises reacting aryl bromide as a starting material with butyl lithium or magnesium metal to form aryl lithium or grignard reagent, reacting with phosphorus trichloride to obtain diaryl phosphorus chloride, and finally condensing with alkylamine to obtain the PNP ligand, wherein the reaction route is as shown in the following formula:
Figure BDA0002738205200000041
in a further aspect, the invention provides the use of the ethylene oligomerization catalyst system, wherein the catalyst system is used for catalyzing the trimerization or tetramerization reaction of ethylene with high selectivity to prepare 1-hexene or 1-octene.
In the application, the PNP ligand, the transition metal compound and the cocatalyst are premixed or respectively added into an oligomerization reactor containing a reaction medium, ethylene gas is introduced to the reaction pressure, the reaction temperature is controlled to carry out oligomerization reaction, a gas-phase product and a liquid-phase product are respectively collected after the reaction is finished, a terminator is added into the liquid-phase product to terminate the reaction, and a 1-hexene or 1-octene product is obtained through separation.
In such use, the reaction medium is selected from one or more of the following compounds: aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, olefins or ether compounds.
In some embodiments of said use, the ethylene oligomerization medium is C6～C18Aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated C6～C18Aromatic hydrocarbon, C1～C18Aliphatic hydrocarbons, halogenated C1～C18Aliphatic hydrocarbons, C5～C18Cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, C5～C18Linear alpha-olefins, C5～C18Cyclo-olefins or C4～C18One or more ether compounds.
In some embodiments of the use, the ethylene oligomerization medium is selected from one or more of benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, chlorotoluene, cumene, pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, chloromethane, chloroethane, 1-hexene, 1-octene, cyclohexene, diethyl ether, and tetrahydrofuran.
In some embodiments of the use, the reaction medium is further selected from one or more of n-hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, n-heptane, toluene.
In some embodiments of the use, the ethylene oligomerization reaction temperature is 0 to 200 ℃, preferably 30 to 150 ℃.
In some embodiments of the use, the ethylene oligomerization reaction pressure is 0.1 to 50MPa, preferably 1 to 10 MPa.
In some embodiments of the use, the ethylene oligomerization reaction time is 1 to 180min, preferably 30 to 120 min.
In some embodiments of the use, the molar ratio of the PNP ligand, the transition metal compound and the cocatalyst in the reaction system is 1: 0.5-100: 1-5000, 1: 0.5-50: 1-1000, or 1: 0.5-10: 1-500.
In some embodiments of the use, the ligand, the transition metal compound, and the cocatalyst may be pre-mixed and added to the reactor, or may be added separately and directly to the reactor to form the catalytically active sites in situ.
In some embodiments of the use, the concentration of the transition metal compound in the reaction system is 1 × 10-8To 1X 10-3mol metal/L, or 1X 10-7～1×10-5mol metal/L.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the catalyst has high activity, long service life, high alpha-olefin linearity (more than 97 percent) and high target olefin selectivity, the total content of 1-hexene and 1-octene in the product is more than 88 weight percent, the content of 1-octene can reach more than 60 weight percent, and the content of solid oligomer is extremely low (less than or equal to 0.5 percent).
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Example 1 (catalyst I)
1. Synthesis of long-chain alkylphenyl PNP ligand
1.1 preparation of PNP ligand
Figure BDA0002738205200000051
Dissolving 16g of p-bromo-n-heptylbenzene in 50mL of diethyl ether, dropwise adding the solution into 50mL of diethyl ether suspension containing 1.4g of magnesium chips at room temperature, keeping stirring, and controlling the reaction to slightly reflux until the magnesium chips completely disappear; and dropwise adding 3.6g of phosphorus trichloride into the mixed solution at 0 ℃, then heating to room temperature, stirring for reaction for 1 hour, filtering under the protection of argon to remove magnesium salts, and performing reduced pressure desolventization on the filtrate to obtain 8.7g of bis (n-heptylphenyl) phosphorous oxychloride brown solid. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, δ 7.2 (8H); 7.1 (8H); 2.55 (8H); 1.62 (8H); 1.33 (8H); 1.29 (28H); 0.96(6H) ppm.
8.7g of bis (N-heptylphenyl) phosphorenechloride was added to a mixed solution of 100mL of methylene chloride and 10mL of triethylamine at 0 ℃ and stirred to dissolve, 0.6g of isopropylamine was slowly added to the above mixture at 0 ℃ and the reaction was continued at 0 ℃ for half an hour, followed by further reaction at room temperature for 12 hours, triethylamine hydrochloride was removed by filtration, the filtrate was desolventized under reduced pressure, and the residue was separated by column chromatography to give 1.74g of white N, N-bis (N-heptylphenyl) phosphoreneyl) isopropylamine as a solid. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, δ 7.2 (8H); 7.1 (8H); 2.97 (1H); 2.55 (8H); 1.62 (8H); 1.33 (8H); 1.29 (28H); 1.05 (6H); 0.96(12H) ppm.
2. Preparation of procatalyst precursor
A certain amount of PNP ligand N, N-bis (di (N-heptyl) is addedPhenyl) phosphono) isopropylamine with chromium compound Cr (acac)3The main catalyst precursor solution with the concentration (calculated by chromium atoms) of 2 mu mol/mL is prepared by mixing the components according to the molar ratio of 1: 1 and the solvent is dehydrated toluene.
3. Evaluation of ethylene oligomerization experiment
3.1 ethylene oligomerization experimental method
The ethylene oligomerization reaction was carried out in a 750mL autoclave. Firstly, heating a reaction kettle to more than 100 ℃, vacuumizing and baking for 2 hours, and replacing with high-purity nitrogen for many times. The reactor temperature was then adjusted to the reaction temperature by circulation of jacketed cooling water, 200mL of methylcyclohexane was added as the reaction medium. The amount of the main catalyst precursor solution was set to 10mL and 20. mu. mol in terms of chromium atoms, and a certain amount of the cocatalyst MMAO was added in a molar ratio of [ A1 ]: [ Cr ] ═ 500 according to the set amount, and then the main catalyst precursor solution was added and stirred to react. And opening an ethylene pressure regulating valve, rapidly introducing ethylene and keeping a certain reaction pressure, wherein the oligomerization reaction time is 30 min.
And after the reaction is finished, adding 1mL of ethanol to terminate the reaction, carrying out gas-liquid-solid separation on the obtained product, and carrying out qualitative and quantitative analysis on the liquid-phase alpha-olefin product by GC-MS.
3.2 results of ethylene oligomerization experiment
When the reaction temperature was 50 ℃ and the reaction pressure was 3.5MPa, the reaction product was analyzed to have a 1-hexene content of 40.1 wt%, a 1-octene content of 47.4 wt%, a solid oligomer content of 0.2 wt% in the total product, and a total catalytic activity of 2600 kg. (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
When the reaction temperature was 70 ℃ and the reaction pressure was 1.5MPa, the reaction product was analyzed to have a 1-hexene content of 51.8 wt%, a 1-octene content of 31.5 wt%, a solid oligomer content of 0.4 wt% in the total product, and a total catalytic activity of 1800 kg. (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
When the reaction temperature was 60 ℃ and the reaction pressure was 3.5MPa, the reaction product was analyzed to have a 1-hexene content of 43.2 wt%, a 1-octene content of 39.3 wt%, a solid oligomer content of 0.2 wt% in the total product, and a total catalytic activity of 2700kg (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
When the reaction temperature is 80 ℃ and the reaction pressure is 4.5MPa, the analysis on the reaction product shows that the content of 1-hexene is 33.7wt percent, the content of 1-octene is 53.7wt percent, the content of solid oligomer in the total product is 0.4wt percent, and the total catalytic activity is 3900kg (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
Example 2 (catalyst II)
1. Synthesis of p-bromo-n-octylphenyl PNP ligand
1.1 preparation of PNP ligand
Figure BDA0002738205200000071
Dissolving 16g of p-bromo-n-octylbenzene in 50mL of diethyl ether, dropwise adding the solution into 50mL of diethyl ether suspension containing 1.4g of magnesium chips at room temperature, keeping stirring, and controlling the reaction to slightly reflux until the magnesium chips completely disappear; and dropwise adding 3.6g of phosphorus trichloride into the mixed solution at 0 ℃, then heating to room temperature, stirring for reaction for 1 hour, filtering to remove magnesium salts under the protection of argon, and carrying out reduced pressure desolventization on the filtrate to obtain 8.5g of bis (n-octylphenyl) phosphorous oxychloride brown solid. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, δ 7.2 (8H); 7.1 (8H); 2.55 (8H); 1.62 (8H); 1.33 (8H); 1.29 (32H); 0.93(12H) ppm.
8g of bis (N-octylphenyl) phosphorochloridite is added into a mixed solution of 100mL of dichloromethane and 10mL of triethylamine at 0 ℃, stirred and dissolved, 0.5g of isopropylamine is slowly added into the mixture at 0 ℃, the reaction is carried out for half an hour at 0 ℃, then the reaction is continued for 12 hours at room temperature, triethylamine hydrochloride is removed by filtration, the filtrate is decompressed and dissolved, and the residue is separated by column chromatography to obtain 1.4g of white N, N-bis (N-octylphenyl) phosphorosoyl) isopropylamine solid. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, δ 7.2 (8H); 7.1 (8H); 2.97 (1H); 2.55 (8H); 1.62 (8H); 1.33 (8H); 1.29 (32H); 1.05 (6H); 0.96(12H) ppm.
2. Preparation of procatalyst precursor
Combining an amount of a PNP ligand N, N-bis (di (N-octylphenyl) phosphonous) isopropylamine with a chromium compound Cr (acac)3Mixing the raw materials according to a molar ratio of 1: 1, and preparing the mixture by using dehydrated toluene as a solventThe procatalyst precursor solution had a concentration (in terms of chromium atoms) of 2. mu. mol/mL.
3. Evaluation of ethylene oligomerization experiment
3.1 ethylene oligomerization experimental method
The experimental procedure for ethylene oligomerization was the same as in example 1.
3.2 results of ethylene oligomerization experiment
When the reaction temperature is 50 ℃ and the reaction pressure is 3.0MPa, the analysis on the reaction product shows that the content of 1-hexene is 36.2 wt%, the content of 1-octene is 51.8 wt%, the content of solid oligomer in the total product is 0.4 wt%, and the total catalytic activity is 2300kg (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
When the reaction temperature was 70 ℃ and the reaction pressure was 2.0MPa, the reaction product was analyzed to have a 1-hexene content of 49.6 wt%, a 1-octene content of 37.7 wt%, a solid oligomer content of 0.4 wt% in the total product, and a total catalytic activity of 2000 kg. (mol-Cr)-1.h-1。
When the reaction temperature was 60 ℃ and the reaction pressure was 3.5MPa, the reaction product was analyzed to have a 1-hexene content of 35.5 wt%, a 1-octene content of 54.3 wt%, a solid oligomer content of 0.1 wt% in the total product, and a total catalytic activity of 4210kg (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
When the reaction temperature is 80 ℃ and the reaction pressure is 4.5MPa, the analysis on the reaction product shows that the content of 1-hexene is 38.1 wt%, the content of 1-octene is 50.6 wt%, the content of solid oligomer in the total product is 0.4 wt%, and the total catalytic activity is 3950kg (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
TABLE 1 summary of the results of the examples
Figure BDA0002738205200000081
It can be seen from the above examples that the ethylene selective oligomerization catalyst system provided by the invention has the advantages of high catalytic activity, high selectivity of target olefin, and the like when used for ethylene oligomerization, the total content of 1-hexene and 1-octene in the product is more than 82 wt%, and the content of solid oligomer is extremely low (less than or equal to 0.5%).
Example 3 (catalyst IH)
1. When the alkyl X is silicon atom alkyl, R7, R8 and R9 are the same or straight chain alkyl with 6 to 20 carbon atoms or branched alkyl with 6 to 20 carbon atoms PNP ligand.
1.1 preparation of 1, 4-tris (hexylsilyl) bromobenzene
1, 4-dibromo-benzene (25g, 106mmol) was dissolved in HF (250ml) and cooled to-78 ℃. After dropwise addition of nBuLi (13.2mL, 1.6M in Hexane, 106mmol), the solution was stirred at-78 ℃ for 2 h. After a tetrahydrofuran solution (60ml) containing tris (n-hexyl) silicon chloride (37.4g, 103mmol) was added dropwise, the solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours. After quenching with water (500 ml), the product was extracted with n-hexane (400 ml. times.3). The solvent was removed on a rotary evaporator and column chromatography on silica gel using n-hexane as eluent gave the product (33g, 90%). 1H NMR nuclear magnetic resonance (C6D 6): δ 7.41(2H), 7.37(2H), 1.33(6H), 1.30(6H), 1.29(12H), 0.96(9H), 0.73(6H) ppm.
Figure BDA0002738205200000091
1.2 preparation of PNP ligand
Figure BDA0002738205200000092
Dissolving 26.4g of 4-tri (hexylsilyl) bromobenzene in 50mL of diethyl ether, dropwise adding the solution into 70mL of diethyl ether suspension containing 1.74g of magnesium chips at room temperature, keeping stirring, and slightly refluxing the reaction until the magnesium chips completely disappear; 4.1g of phosphorus trichloride is added into the mixed solution dropwise at the temperature of 0 ℃, then the mixed solution is heated to room temperature and stirred for reaction for 1 hour, magnesium salts are removed by filtration under the protection of argon, and 18.8g of bis [ tri (hexylsilyl) phenyl ] phosphorous oxychloride brown solid is obtained by decompression and desolventization of the filtrate. 1H NMR nuclear magnetic resonance (C6D 6): δ 7.5(4H), 7.2(4H), 1.33(12H), 1.3(12H), 1.29(24H), 0.96(18H), 0.73(12H) ppm.
18.9g of bis [ tris (hexylsilyl) phenyl ] phosphorochloridite was added to a mixed solution of 150mL of methylene chloride and 20mL of triethylamine at 0 ℃ and stirred to dissolve, 0.9g of isopropylamine was slowly added to the above mixture at 0 ℃ and the reaction was carried out at 0 ℃ for half an hour, followed by further reaction at room temperature for 12 hours, triethylamine hydrochloride was removed by filtration, the filtrate was desolventized under reduced pressure, and the residue was separated by column chromatography to give 9.1g of a white solid of N, N-bis (N-heptylphenyl) phosphorochloridite) isopropylamine. 1H NMR nuclear magnetic resonance (C6D 6): δ 7.5(8H), 7.2(8H), 2.97(1H), 1.33(24H), 1.3(24H), 1.29(48H), 1.05(6H), 0.96(36H), 0.73(24H) ppm.
2. Preparation of procatalyst precursor
Certain amounts of PNP ligand N, N-bis (bis [ tri (hexylsilyl) phenyl ] phosphono) isopropylamine and chromium compound Cr (acac)3The main catalyst precursor solution with the concentration (calculated by chromium atoms) of 2 mu mol/mL is prepared by mixing the components according to the molar ratio of 1: 1 and the solvent is dehydrated toluene.
3. Evaluation of ethylene oligomerization experiment
3.1 ethylene oligomerization experimental method
The ethylene oligomerization reaction was carried out in a 750mL autoclave. Firstly, heating a reaction kettle to more than 100 ℃, vacuumizing and baking for 2 hours, and replacing with high-purity nitrogen for many times. The reactor temperature was then adjusted to the reaction temperature by circulation of jacketed cooling water, 200mL of methylcyclohexane was added as the reaction medium. The addition amount of the main catalyst precursor solution is set to be 10mL, the chromium atom is 20 mu mol, a certain amount of the cocatalyst MMAO is added according to the set amount according to the molar ratio of [ Al ] to [ Cr ] being 500, and the main catalyst precursor solution is added and stirred for reaction. And opening an ethylene pressure regulating valve, rapidly introducing ethylene and keeping a certain reaction pressure, wherein the oligomerization reaction time is 30 min.
And after the reaction is finished, adding 1mL of ethanol to terminate the reaction, carrying out gas-liquid-solid separation on the obtained product, and carrying out qualitative and quantitative analysis on the liquid-phase alpha-olefin product by GC-MS.
3.2 results of ethylene oligomerization experiment
When the reaction temperature is 50 ℃ and the reaction pressure is 3.5MPa, the analysis on the reaction product shows that the content of 1-hexene is 38.1 wt%, the content of 1-octene is 50.4 wt%, the content of solid oligomer in the total product is 0.5 wt%, and the total catalytic activity isThe chemical activity is 2900kg (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
When the reaction temperature was 70 ℃ and the reaction pressure was 1.5MPa, the reaction product was analyzed to have a 1-hexene content of 42.8 wt%, a 1-octene content of 39.5 wt%, a solid oligomer content of 0.3 wt% in the total product, and a total catalytic activity of 1980kg (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
When the reaction temperature was 60 ℃ and the reaction pressure was 3.5MPa, the reaction product was analyzed to have a 1-hexene content of 40.2 wt%, a 1-octene content of 47.3 wt%, a solid oligomer content of 0.4 wt% in the total product, and a total catalytic activity of 2950kg (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
When the reaction temperature was 80 ℃ and the reaction pressure was 4.5MPa, the reaction product was analyzed to have a 1-hexene content of 30.6 wt%, a 1-octene content of 56.7 wt%, a solid oligomer content of 0.1 wt% in the total product, and a total catalytic activity of 4200 kg. (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
Example 4 (catalyst IV)
1.1 preparation of 1, 4-tris (hexylsilyl) bromobenzene
1, 4-dibromo-benzene (25g, 106mmol) was dissolved in HF (250ml) and cooled to-78 ℃. After dropwise addition of nBuLi (13.2mL, 1.6M in Hexane, 106mmol), the solution was stirred at-78 ℃ for 2 h. After a tetrahydrofuran solution (80ml) containing tris (n-octyl) silicon chloride (41.5g, 103mmol) was added dropwise, the solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours. After quenching with water (500 ml), the product was extracted with n-hexane (400 ml. times.3). The solvent was removed on a rotary evaporator and column chromatography on silica gel using n-hexane as eluent gave the product (42g, 79%). 1H NMR nuclear magnetic resonance (C6D 6): δ 7.41(2H), 7.37(2H), 1.33(6H), 1.30(6H), 1.29(24H), 0.96(9H), 0.73(6H) ppm.
Figure BDA0002738205200000111
1.2 preparation of PNP ligand
Dissolving 31.4g of 4-tri (octylsilyl) bromobenzene in 70mL of diethyl ether, dropwise adding the solution into 70mL of diethyl ether suspension containing 1.74g of magnesium chips at room temperature, keeping stirring, and slightly refluxing the reaction until the magnesium chips completely disappear; 4.1g of phosphorus trichloride is added into the mixed solution dropwise at the temperature of 0 ℃, then the mixed solution is heated to room temperature and stirred for reaction for 1 hour, magnesium salts are removed by filtration under the protection of argon, and 22.9g of bis [ tri (hexyloctasilane) phenyl ] phosphorous oxychloride brown solid is obtained by decompression and desolventization of the filtrate. 1H NMR nuclear magnetic resonance (C6D 6): δ 7.5(4H), 7.2(4H), 1.33(12H), 1.3(12H), 1.29(48H), 0.96(18H), 0.73(12H) ppm.
22.9g of bis [ tris (octylsilyl) phenyl ] phosphorochloridite was added to a mixed solution of 150mL of methylene chloride and 20mL of triethylamine at 0 ℃ and stirred to dissolve, 0.9g of isopropylamine was slowly added to the above mixture at 0 ℃ and the reaction was carried out at 0 ℃ for half an hour, followed by further reaction at room temperature for 12 hours, triethylamine hydrochloride was removed by filtration, the filtrate was desolventized under reduced pressure, and the residue was separated by column chromatography to give 11.1g of a white solid of N, N-bis (di (N-octylphenyl) phosphorochloridite) isopropylamine. 1H NMR nuclear magnetic resonance (C6D 6): δ 7.5(8H), 7.2(8H), 2.97(1H), 1.33(24H), 1.3(24H), 1.29(96H), 1.05(6H), 0.96(36H), 0.73(24H) ppm.
2. Preparation of procatalyst precursor
Combining an amount of a PNP ligand N, N-bis (di (N-octylphenyl) phosphonous) isopropylamine with a chromium compound Cr (acac)3The main catalyst precursor solution with the concentration (calculated by chromium atoms) of 2 mu mol/mL is prepared by mixing the components according to the molar ratio of 1: 1 and the solvent is dehydrated toluene.
3. Evaluation of ethylene oligomerization experiment
3.1 ethylene oligomerization experimental method
The experimental procedure for ethylene oligomerization was the same as in example 3.
3.2 results of ethylene oligomerization experiment
When the reaction temperature was 50 ℃ and the reaction pressure was 4.5MPa, the reaction product was analyzed to have a 1-hexene content of 36.2 wt%, a 1-octene content of 51.8 wt%, a solid oligomer content of 0.4 wt% in the total product, and a total catalytic activity of 2700kg (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
When the reaction temperature is 70 ℃ and the reaction pressure is 2.0MPa, the reaction product is analyzed to obtain 1-Hexene content 49.1 wt%, 1-octene content 40.2 wt%, solid oligomer content 0.3 wt% in the total product, total catalytic activity 2100kg (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
When the reaction temperature was 60 ℃ and the reaction pressure was 3.5MPa, the reaction product was analyzed to have a 1-hexene content of 31.5 wt%, a 1-octene content of 55.3 wt%, a solid oligomer content of 0.2 wt% in the total product, and a total catalytic activity of 4410kg (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
When the reaction temperature was 80 ℃ and the reaction pressure was 4.5MPa, the reaction product was analyzed to have a 1-hexene content of 33.1 wt%, a 1-octene content of 54.1 wt%, a solid oligomer content of 0.4 wt% in the total product, and a total catalytic activity of 4150kg (mol-Cr)-1·h-1。
TABLE 2 summary of the results of the examples
Figure BDA0002738205200000121
It can be seen from the above examples that the ethylene selective oligomerization catalyst system provided by the invention has the advantages of high catalytic activity, high selectivity of target olefin, and the like when used for ethylene oligomerization, the total content of 1-hexene and 1-octene in the product is more than 82 wt%, and the content of solid oligomer is extremely low (less than or equal to 0.5%).

Claims (14)

1. An ethylene oligomerization catalyst system is characterized by comprising a PNP ligand, a transition metal compound and a cocatalyst; wherein the PNP ligand has the following structural general formula I:
Figure FDA0002738205190000011
wherein R is1Is alkyl, including straight, branched or cyclic alkyl; r2Is aryl, and has a chemical structural general formula as follows:
Figure FDA0002738205190000012
wherein R isd3、Rd4、Rd5、Rd6And Rd7The same or different, each independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl; the alkyl group is a linear or branched alkyl group.
2. The ethylene oligomerization catalyst system of claim 1, wherein the alkyl group is C1-C6An alkyl group.
3. The ethylene oligomerization catalyst system of claim 2, wherein said C1-C6Alkyl is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl.
4. The ethylene oligomerization catalyst system of claim 1, wherein Rd3Is a linear or branched alkyl group of carbon 6 to carbon 20.
5. The ethylene oligomerization catalyst system of claim 1, wherein the transition metal compound is selected from one or more of the following chromium compounds: an inorganic salt, an organic salt, a coordination complex or an organometallic complex of trivalent chromium.
6. The ethylene oligomerization catalyst system of claim 5, wherein the transition metal compound is selected from one or more of the following chromium compounds: chromium acetate, chromium caproate, chromium 2-ethylhexanoate, chromium isooctanoate, chromium n-octanoate, chromium acetylacetonate, chromium diisoprenate, chromium diphenyloxide, CrCl3(THF)3、CrCl2(THF)2Chromium tricarbonyl and chromium hexacarbonyl.
7. The ethylene oligomerization catalyst system of claim 1, wherein the cocatalyst is an organoaluminum compound, an organoboron compound, or a combination thereof.
8. The ethylene oligomerization catalyst system of claim 7, wherein the organoaluminum compound is selected from one or more of the following compounds: alkylaluminums, alkylaluminum halides, alkylaluminum alkoxides, or alkylaluminoxanes.
9. The ethylene oligomerization catalyst system of claim 8, wherein the organoaluminum compound is selected from one or more of the following: trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-n-hexylaluminum, tri-n-octylaluminum, diethylaluminum chloride, ethylaluminum dichloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, aluminum isopropoxide, methylaluminoxane, ethylaluminoxane, isobutylaluminoxane; the organoboron compound is selected from one or more of the following compounds: boroxine, triethylborane, triphenylborane ammonia complex, NaBH4Tributyl borate, triisopropyl borate, tris (pentafluorophenyl) borane, trityltetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, dimethylphenylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, diethylphenylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, methyldiphenylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, ethyldiphenylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, methyldioctadecylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, trioctylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate.
10. The process for preparing a catalyst system for oligomerization of ethylene according to any of claims 1-9, wherein the chemical synthesis of the PNP ligand comprises reacting aryl bromide as a starting material with butyl lithium or magnesium metal to produce aryl lithium or grignard reagent, reacting with phosphorus trichloride to obtain diaryl phosphorus chloride, and finally condensing with alkylamine to obtain a PNP ligand compound, wherein the reaction scheme is as follows:
Figure FDA0002738205190000021
11. use of the catalyst system for ethylene oligomerization according to claims 1-9 for the preparation of 1-hexene or 1-octene with high selectivity for the trimerization or tetramerization of ethylene.
12. The use of claim 11, wherein the PNP ligand, the transition metal compound, and the cocatalyst are premixed or added separately to an oligomerization reactor containing a reaction medium, ethylene gas is introduced to a reaction pressure, the reaction temperature is controlled to perform oligomerization, a gas-phase product and a liquid-phase product are collected separately after the reaction is completed, a terminator is added to the liquid-phase product to terminate the reaction, and a 1-hexene or 1-octene product is obtained by separation.
13. Use according to claim 12, wherein the reaction medium is selected from one or more of the following compounds: aromatic hydrocarbon, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, aliphatic hydrocarbon, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, olefin or ether compound; the reaction temperature is 0-200 ℃; the reaction pressure is 0.1-50 MPa; the reaction time is 1-180 min.
14. The use according to claim 11, wherein the molar ratio of the PNP ligand, the transition metal compound, and the cocatalyst in the reaction system is 1: (0.5-100): (1-5000); the concentration of the transition metal compound in the reaction system is 1X 10-8To 1X 10-3mol metal/L.
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