CN112471328A - 一种饲料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种饲料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112471328A CN112471328A CN202011439793.9A CN202011439793A CN112471328A CN 112471328 A CN112471328 A CN 112471328A CN 202011439793 A CN202011439793 A CN 202011439793A CN 112471328 A CN112471328 A CN 112471328A
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- Prior art keywords
- feed
- parts
- fish
- meal
- weight
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明属于饲料领域，公开了一种饲料及其制备方法和应用。该饲料，包括以下组分：壳聚糖、木聚糖酶、枯草芽孢杆菌、戊糖和迷迭香粉。该饲料还包括血粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂、维生素、矿物盐、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、玉米蛋白粉、豆油、鱼油、啤酒酵母、乌贼膏、氨基酸、鱼粉、鸡肉粉或填充物中的至少一种。该饲料通过壳聚糖、木聚糖酶、枯草芽孢杆菌、戊糖和迷迭香粉这五种物质的搭配使用，使得制得的饲料可提高鱼的生长速度，提高鱼的增重率，特别适合提高四指马鲅的增重率。而且还能提高鱼的抗病能力，可提高鱼的成活率；使用该饲料，采用淡水养殖方法也可养殖四指马鲅，这相对采用海水养殖而言，具有显著的经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料领域，特别涉及一种饲料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
四指马鲅，别名为章跳、马友、午鱼、午笋、祭鱼、鲤后等，是马鲅科、四指马鲅属鱼类。体延长而侧扁。四指马鲅为暖温性海产鱼类，具广盐性，在淡水、咸淡水和海水环境中均可生活。四指马鲅喜栖于沙底或泥底，水深23米以内沿岸浅水区和河口，亦进入河流下游江段。食性杂，主要摄食底栖生物。幼鱼在河口栖息，以枝角类、桡足类、端足类和等足类等无脊椎动物为食；体长50毫米的幼角以箭虫、头足类虾的幼体和多毛类为食。四指马鲅不耐寒冷，若低温天气连续超过3-4天，水温低于18℃就会停止摄食。
四指马鲅肉质细嫩、味道鲜美，且适应在温暖的环境中生长，故而，四指马鲅在我国广东、福建等地进行规模化养殖。然而现有技术中使用的饲料养殖四指马鲅，其结果是四指马鲅生长较慢，且容易引发一些疾病，导致四指马鲅成活率低。
因此，希望提供一种新的饲料，能提高四指马鲅的生长速度以及成活率，是具有重要经济价值的。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种饲料及其制备方法和应用，所述饲料可以提高鱼的生长速度，提高鱼的增重率，特别适合提高四指马鲅的增重率。而且，发明人无意间发现，用本发明所述的饲料，采用淡水养殖方法也可养殖四指马鲅，这相对采用海水养殖而言，具有显著的经济效益。
本发明构思：通过壳聚糖、木聚糖酶、枯草芽孢杆菌、戊糖和迷迭香粉这五种物质的搭配使用，使得制得的饲料可提高鱼的生长速度，提高鱼的增重率，特别适合提高四指马鲅的增重率。而且还能提高鱼的抗病能力，可提高鱼的成活率。
本发明的第一方面提供一种饲料。
具体的，一种饲料，包括以下组分：壳聚糖、木聚糖酶、枯草芽孢杆菌、戊糖和迷迭香粉。
优选的，所述戊糖为核糖和/或***糖。
优选的，所述迷迭香粉为迷迭香花和/或迷迭香叶经粉碎后获得。
优选的，所述饲料还包括血粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂、维生素或矿物盐中的至少一种。
优选的，所述维生素选自维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素D或维生素E中的至少一种。
优选的，所述矿物盐包括磷盐、钙盐、钾盐或铁盐中的至少一种。
优选的，所述磷盐、钙盐或钾盐选自磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸二氢钙、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾中的至少一种。不仅能补充矿物质元素，还具有抗氧化的作用。提高饲料的保质期。
优选的，所述铁盐为硫酸亚铁和/或氯化亚铁。
优选的，所述饲料还包括蛋白酶和/或淀粉酶中的至少一种。有助于提高鱼对饲料营养成分的吸收。
进一步优选的，所述饲料还包括玉米蛋白粉、豆油、鱼油、啤酒酵母、乌贼膏、氨基酸、鱼粉、鸡肉粉或填充物中的至少一种。
优选的，所述氨基酸选自精氨酸、丙氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸或天冬氨酸中的至少一种。
优选的，所述填充物为麦粉和/或米糠。
优选的，一种饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
优选的，所述饲料还包括血粉20-40份、豆粕10-35份、面粉5-15份、磷脂2-5份、维生素0.5-2份或矿物盐3-8份中的至少一种。
进一步优选的，所述饲料还包括血粉25-35份、豆粕15-20份、面粉5-10份、磷脂2-5份、维生素1-1.5份或矿物盐4-6份中的至少一种。
优选的，所述饲料还包括蛋白酶0.1-1份和/或淀粉酶0.1-1份中的至少一种。
优选的，所述饲料还包括玉米蛋白粉25-35份、豆油5-10份、鱼油1-5份、啤酒酵母1-12份、乌贼膏2-6份、氨基酸0.1-1份、鱼粉10-35份、鸡肉粉15-25份或填充物15-45份中的至少一种。
进一步优选的，所述饲料还包括玉米蛋白粉25-30份、豆油5-8份、鱼油2-5份、啤酒酵母5-8份、乌贼膏2-5份、氨基酸0.3-0.8份、鱼粉20-25份、鸡肉粉15-20份或填充物25-40份中的至少一种。
本发明的另一方面提供上述饲料的制备方法。
具体的，上述饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
称取各组分混合，过筛，制粒，制得所述饲料。
优选的，所述筛网的目数为50-200目；优选80-120目。
优选的，上述饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将壳聚糖、枯草芽孢杆菌、戊糖、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过筛网，再加入剩余组分，混合，制粒，即制得所述饲料；
优选的，与酶混合是在0-30℃下进行混合。
本发明的另一方面提供上述饲料的应用。
上述饲料在鱼养殖中的应用。
优选的，所述鱼包括四指马鲅、草鱼或鲫鱼。
上述饲料在淡水养殖四指马鲅中的应用。
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)本发明所述饲料通过壳聚糖、木聚糖酶、枯草芽孢杆菌、戊糖和迷迭香粉这五种物质的搭配使用，使得制得的饲料可提高鱼的生长速度，提高鱼的增重率，特别适合提高四指马鲅的增重率。而且还能提高鱼的抗病能力，可提高鱼的成活率。
(2)本发明所述饲料，在酶的作用下，有助于鱼更好的吸收利用饲料中的蛋白质、淀粉等营养成分，有利于鱼的快速生长。
(3)用本发明所述的饲料，采用淡水养殖方法也可养殖四指马鲅，这相对采用海水养殖而言，具有显著的经济效益。
具体实施方式
为了让本领域技术人员更加清楚明白本发明所述技术方案，现列举以下实施例进行说明。需要指出的是，以下实施例对本发明要求的保护范围不构成限制作用。
以下实施例中所用的原料、试剂或装置如无特殊说明，均可从常规商业途径得到，或者可以通过现有已知方法得到。
实施例1：饲料的制备
一种饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
戊糖包括核糖1份和***糖1份；
维生素包括维生素B6 0.5份、维生素B12 0.2份、维生素C 0.3份；
矿物盐包括磷酸钙1份、磷酸氢钙1份、磷酸二氢钙1份、磷酸二氢钾1份。
上述饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将壳聚糖、枯草芽孢杆菌、戊糖、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过筛网，筛网的目数为100目，再加入剩余组分，在15℃下进行混合，制粒，即制得饲料。
实施例2：饲料的制备
一种饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
戊糖为核糖1份和***糖1份；
维生素包括维生素B6 0.5份、维生素B12 0.2份、维生素D 0.3份；
矿物盐包括磷酸钙1份、磷酸氢钙1份、磷酸二氢钙1份、磷酸二氢钾1份、硫酸亚铁1份。
上述饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将壳聚糖、枯草芽孢杆菌、戊糖、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过筛网，筛网的目数为120目，再加入剩余组分，在20℃下进行混合，制粒，即制得饲料。
实施例3：饲料的制备
一种饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
维生素包括维生素C 0.5份、维生素D 0.5份、维生素E 0.5份；
矿物盐包括磷酸钙1份、磷酸氢钙1份、磷酸二氢钾1份、硫酸亚铁2份。
上述饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将壳聚糖、枯草芽孢杆菌、***糖、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过筛网，筛网的目数为110目，再加入剩余组分，在10℃下进行混合，制粒，即制得饲料。
实施例4：饲料的制备
一种饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
维生素包括维生素C 0.5份、维生素D 0.5份、维生素E 0.5份；
矿物盐包括磷酸钙1份、磷酸氢钙1份、磷酸二氢钾1份、硫酸亚铁2份。
上述饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将壳聚糖、枯草芽孢杆菌、核糖、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过筛网，筛网的目数为100目，再加入剩余组分，在15℃下进行混合，制粒，即制得饲料。
对比例1
与实施例1相比，对比例1中不加入木聚糖酶，其余组分和制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例2
与实施例2相比，对比例2中用地衣芽孢杆菌代替枯草芽孢杆菌，其余组分和制备方法与实施例2相同。
对比例3
与实施例3相比，对比例3中不加入壳聚糖，其余组分和制备方法与实施例3相同。
产品效果测试
1.海水养殖
选取700尾四指马鲅幼鱼，每尾体重为14.8±0.08g，每100尾为一组，分为七组进行室内养殖试验，养殖用水的条件为：水温20-28℃，海水，水深1.5m，溶氧量≥5mg/L。每组投喂饲料(第一组喂食实施例1制得的饲料、第二组喂食实施例2制得的饲料、第三组喂食实施例3制得的饲料、第四组喂食实施例4制得的饲料、第五组喂食对比例1制得的饲料、第六组喂食对比例2制得的饲料、第七组喂食对比例3制得的饲料)，投喂方式和投喂量均完全相同，早晚投喂一次，连续投喂2个月。养殖2个月后，禁食1天，然后对四指马鲅幼鱼的初始体重、2个月后平均体重、增重率[增重率＝(2个月后平均体重-初始体重)/100*100％]以及成活率(成活率＝2个月后依然活着的数量/100*100％)进行统计，结果如表1所示。
表1：海水养殖结果
从表1可以看出，用本发明实施例1-4制得的饲料投喂的四指马鲅幼鱼，养殖2个月后，四指马鲅幼鱼的增重率明显高于用对比例1-3制得的饲料投喂的四指马鲅幼鱼的增重率。且用本发明实施例1-4制得的饲料投喂的四指马鲅幼鱼的成活率高于用对比例1-3制得的饲料投喂的四指马鲅幼鱼的成活率。
2.淡水养殖
选取200尾四指马鲅幼鱼，每尾体重为14.9±0.08g，每100尾为一组，分为两组进行室内养殖试验，养殖用水的条件为：水温20-28℃，淡水(例如河水)，水深1.5m，溶氧量≥5mg/L。每组投喂饲料(第一组喂食实施例3制得的饲料、第二组喂食对比例2制得的饲料)，投喂方式和投喂量均完全相同，早晚投喂一次，连续投喂2个月。养殖2个月后，禁食1天，然后对四指马鲅幼鱼的初始体重、2个月后平均体重、增重率[增重率＝(2个月后平均体重-初始体重)/100*100％]以及成活率(成活率＝2个月后依然活着的数量/100*100％)进行统计，结果如表2所示。
表2：淡水养殖结果
从表2可以看出，用本发明实施例3制得的饲料投喂的四指马鲅幼鱼，养殖2个月后，四指马鲅幼鱼的增重率明显高于用对比例2制得的饲料投喂的四指马鲅幼鱼的增重率。且用本发明实施例3制得的饲料投喂的四指马鲅幼鱼的成活率高于用对比例2制得的饲料投喂的四指马鲅幼鱼的成活率。而且，从表1-2可以看出，用本发明实施例制得的饲料养殖四指马鲅，即使在淡水中养殖，其养殖效果也相对较好。
用本发明实施例制得的饲料养殖草鱼或鲫鱼，也有类似效果。
Claims (10)
1.一种饲料，其特征在于，包括以下组分：壳聚糖、木聚糖酶、枯草芽孢杆菌、戊糖和迷迭香粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的饲料，其特征在于，所述戊糖为核糖和/或***糖。
3.根据权利要求1所述的饲料，其特征在于，所述饲料还包括血粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂、维生素或矿物盐中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的饲料，其特征在于，所述饲料还包括蛋白酶和/或淀粉酶中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的饲料，其特征在于，所述饲料还包括玉米蛋白粉、豆油、鱼油、啤酒酵母、乌贼膏、氨基酸、鱼粉、鸡肉粉或填充物中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的饲料，其特征在于，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
7.根据权利要求3或5所述的饲料，其特征在于，按重量份数计，所述饲料还包括血粉20-40份、豆粕10-35份、面粉5-15份、磷脂2-5份、维生素0.5-2份或矿物盐3-8份中的至少一种；所述饲料还包括玉米蛋白粉25-35份、豆油5-10份、鱼油1-5份、啤酒酵母1-12份、乌贼膏2-6份、氨基酸0.1-1份、鱼粉10-35份、鸡肉粉15-25份或填充物15-45份中的至少一种。
8.权利要求1-7中任一项所述的饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
称取各组分混合，过筛，制粒，制得所述饲料。
9.权利要求1-7中任一项所述的饲料在鱼养殖中的应用。
10.权利要求1-7中任一项所述的饲料在淡水养殖四指马鲅中的应用。
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