CN112468316B - Edge computing gateway device and implementation method thereof - Google Patents

Edge computing gateway device and implementation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112468316B
CN112468316B CN202011225838.2A CN202011225838A CN112468316B CN 112468316 B CN112468316 B CN 112468316B CN 202011225838 A CN202011225838 A CN 202011225838A CN 112468316 B CN112468316 B CN 112468316B
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service
equipment
server
edge computing
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CN112468316A (en
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王昊
康海洋
姚博
刘宗孺
李志为
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Hangzhou Bolian Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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Hangzhou Bolian Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0803Configuration setting
    • H04L41/0813Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings
    • H04L41/082Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being updates or upgrades of network functionality
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/60Software deployment
    • G06F8/61Installation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/60Software deployment
    • G06F8/65Updates
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4641Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/66Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/10Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/34Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications involving the movement of software or configuration parameters 

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer And Data Communications (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an edge computing gateway device and an implementation method thereof, relates to the technical field of Internet of things, and aims to solve the problems of limited function expansion and high upgrading cost of the existing edge computing gateway. The edge computing gateway device comprises: the gateway service module is used for providing gateway services, and the sub-service module is used for realizing business functions; the gateway service module comprises a cloud communication unit, a sub-device management and control unit and a sub-service management unit; the cloud communication unit is used for communicating with a server, the sub-device management and control unit is used for managing and controlling accessed sub-devices, and the sub-service management unit is used for installing sub-services in the sub-service module; the sub-services comprise basic sub-services and business sub-services for realizing different business functions.

Description

Edge computing gateway device and implementation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of things, in particular to an edge computing gateway device and an implementation method thereof.
Background
With the gradual increase of the industrial scale of the internet of things, the types of terminals of the internet of things are more and more, and the network access modes and the access protocols of the terminals are also endlessly established. Meanwhile, the networking capability of some terminals is limited due to the limitation of the use environment of the terminals.
The edge computing gateway has strong edge computing capability and is an industrial intelligent gateway of an embedded network operating system, which supports the technologies of remote self-defined configuration, remote deployment, gateway state monitoring and the like. The edge computing gateway can realize the access of cloud service, can construct an industrial Internet of things platform through a big data cloud platform, and realize the functions of data real-time response, data model analysis and judgment, equipment remote maintenance and downloading and the like. Therefore, the edge computing gateway is generally applied to the field of the internet of things and is accessed by the terminal of the internet of things, so that service is provided for the terminal.
However, the existing edge computing gateway has the problems of limited function expansion, high upgrading cost and the like, and an effective solution is not provided at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an edge computing gateway device and an implementation method thereof, which are used for at least solving the problems of limited function expansion and high upgrading cost of the existing edge computing gateway.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an edge computing gateway apparatus, including:
the gateway service module is used for providing gateway services, and the sub-service module is used for realizing business functions;
the gateway service module comprises a cloud communication unit, a sub-device management and control unit and a sub-service management unit;
the cloud communication unit is used for communicating with a server, the sub-device management and control unit is used for managing and controlling the sub-devices which are accessed to the edge and are used as gateway devices, and the sub-service management unit is used for installing sub-services in the sub-service modules;
the sub-services comprise basic sub-services and business sub-services for realizing different business functions.
In some of these embodiments, further comprising:
the virtual sub-equipment is used for carrying out centralized control or combined control on the corresponding sub-equipment;
wherein the virtual sub-device is created by the sub-device managing unit according to different management requirements for the sub-device, and the sub-device managing unit manages the virtual sub-device.
In some embodiments, the basic sub-service comprises:
and the log sub-service is used for positioning remote problems, and uploading local logs of each sub-service and each sub-device to the server through a preset protocol according to an instruction sent by the server for checking and analyzing.
In some embodiments, the basic sub-service further comprises:
the network sub-service is used for providing remote access support, the gateway sub-service establishes a VPN link with a server, and the VPN link provides a remote access channel for the log sub-service, the business sub-service and other basic sub-services;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and the monitoring sub-service is used for monitoring the running states of the gateway service module and the sub-service module.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an implementation method for an edge computing gateway device, including the following steps:
receiving a gateway service installation request and authorization information sent by a terminal, and installing a gateway service;
and acquiring the sub-service from the device private data stored in the server, installing and operating the sub-service, and accessing the sub-service to the server.
In some embodiments, before obtaining the sub-service from the device private data stored in the server and installing and running the sub-service, the method further includes:
and inquiring the sub-service in the equipment private data stored by the server, and checking the version of the sub-service in the equipment private data.
In some embodiments, before the obtaining the sub-service from the device private data stored in the server, the method further includes:
and accessing the server through the terminal to inquire the sub-services and versions supported by the edge computing gateway device and select the corresponding sub-services and versions as the equipment private data stored by the server.
In some embodiments, after the installing the gateway service, the method further includes:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining a virtual sub-equipment installation package from equipment private data stored in a server, installing the virtual sub-equipment installation package, operating virtual sub-equipment installed according to the virtual sub-equipment installation package, and accessing the virtual sub-equipment to the server.
In some embodiments, the obtaining the virtual sub-device installation package from the device private data stored in the server, before installing the virtual sub-device installation package, further includes:
and querying virtual sub-device data in the device private data stored in the server, and checking the virtual sub-device data.
In some embodiments, before the obtaining the virtual child device installation package from the device private data stored in the server, the method includes:
and accessing the server through the terminal to inquire the virtual sub-equipment and the version supported by the edge computing gateway device, and selecting the corresponding virtual sub-equipment and the version as the equipment private data stored by the server.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides the edge computing gateway device and the implementation method thereof, the sub-services are created to expand the service capability of the gateway device, and when the function of the gateway device is upgraded, only the corresponding sub-services are needed to be added, so that the problem of high upgrading cost of the existing edge computing gateway is solved.
The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the architecture of an edge computing gateway apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of an implementation method of an edge computing gateway device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described and illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments provided by the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present application.
It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only examples or embodiments of the application, and that it is also possible for a person skilled in the art to apply the application to other similar contexts on the basis of these drawings without inventive effort. Moreover, it should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another.
Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the specification. Those of ordinary skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments without conflict.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a configuration of an edge computing gateway device according to the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the edge computing gateway device specifically includes:
the system comprises a gateway service module 11 and a sub-service module 12, wherein the gateway service module 11 is used for providing gateway services, and the sub-service module 12 is used for realizing business functions;
the gateway service module 11 comprises a cloud communication unit 111, a sub-device management and control unit 112 and a sub-service management unit 113;
the cloud communication unit 111 is configured to communicate with a server, the child device management and control unit 112 is configured to manage and control a child device accessing to the edge computing gateway apparatus in this embodiment, and the child service management unit 113 is configured to install a child service on the child service module 12;
the sub-services include basic sub-services and business sub-services for implementing different business functions.
In this embodiment, a cloud platform is established on the server, and the cloud platform is used for managing the internet of things equipment. The cloud communication module 11 is a communication module providing wireless data transmission or wired data transmission, such as a WiFi module, and can implement network connection and communication between the edge computing gateway device and the server (cloud platform), and the network connection is a wide area network connection implemented by a router.
The child devices are internet of things devices, and the child device management and control unit 112 may manage and control one or more internet of things devices accessing the edge computing gateway apparatus.
The sub-service module 12 provides a plurality of sub-services for the edge computing gateway device, and the sub-services are used for realizing different business functions, thereby realizing business function expansion of the edge computing gateway device and being capable of bearing part of server work. The sub-service management unit 113 installs different sub-services for the edge computing gateway device according to private data on the server, and the edge computing gateway device manages the installed sub-services through the sub-service management unit, and the sub-services include basic sub-services required by the edge computing gateway device and other business sub-services for realizing any business function. When the edge computing gateway device needs to perform function upgrade, only a new sub-service needs to be created on the sub-service module 12 or the sub-service created on the sub-service module 12 needs to be updated and upgraded, so that the function extension of the edge computing gateway device is simple, and function iteration is easy to perform.
Preferably, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the edge computing gateway apparatus further includes:
the virtual sub-equipment 13 is used for carrying out centralized control or combined control on the corresponding sub-equipment;
wherein, the virtual sub-device 13 is created by the sub-device managing unit 112 according to different management requirements for the sub-devices accessing the edge computing gateway apparatus, and the sub-device managing unit 112 manages the created virtual sub-device 13.
In this embodiment, the virtual sub-devices and the sub-devices accessing the edge computing gateway apparatus exist in parallel, and according to different management requirements for the sub-devices, different types of virtual sub-devices such as a master control virtual sub-device and a scene virtual sub-device can be created, the master control virtual sub-device can perform centralized control on different sub-devices, and the scene virtual sub-devices can perform combined control on corresponding sub-devices to implement corresponding service scenes.
The child device management unit 112 creates and manages the virtual child device 13 according to the private data of the server (cloud platform), and the virtual child device 13 connects child devices through different protocols. The child device management unit 112 handles protocol conversion between the virtual child device 13 and the child device.
Preferably, the basic sub-service includes:
and the log sub-service is used for positioning remote problems, and uploading local logs of each sub-service and each sub-device to the server for viewing and analysis through a preset protocol according to the instruction sent by the server.
In this embodiment, the log sub-service has a control layer and a data layer, the control layer may be controlled by the cloud platform on the server 13, that is, the control layer receives an instruction sent by the cloud platform, and opens and closes log uploading of the data layer according to the instruction, so as to open and close the management interface corresponding to the log sub-service, and the data layer of the log sub-service uploads the local area of each sub-service and each sub-device to the cloud platform through a specific transmission protocol, so that when the cloud platform (server) is accessed, the log can be viewed and analyzed on the management interface corresponding to the log sub-service, which is convenient for information acquisition and remote positioning of problems occurring in the edge computing gateway device.
Preferably, the basic sub-service further includes:
the gateway sub-service establishes a VPN link with the server, and the VPN link provides a remote access channel for the log sub-service, the business sub-service and other basic sub-services;
and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
and the monitoring sub-service is used for monitoring the running states of the gateway service module and the sub-service module.
The network sub-service establishes a VPN link with the server 13, and is used by other sub-services having requirements on the network link, such as a log sub-service, a monitoring sub-service, and a service sub-service, and the other sub-services can be networked through the VPN link and access the server, so that each sub-service can operate stably.
In this embodiment, an overall architecture of the edge computing gateway device in practical application is described:
the overall architecture comprises a server (cloud platform), an edge computing gateway device and a sub-device (Internet of things device).
The cloud platform is used for client access and sub-equipment access and comprises a product library, a service library, a developer platform, equipment private data, an equipment control unit, a data reporting unit and the like.
The client accesses the cloud platform after receiving an external instruction, and the sub-equipment accesses the cloud platform after processing various protocols between the sub-equipment and the edge computing gateway device; the developer platform is used for developing products and services of the Internet of things, and the service library and the product library respectively store released services and products; the device control unit and the data reporting unit respectively process the control instruction and the data reporting request of the sub-device; the device private data holds configuration management operations and parameters for the child device.
Accessing the cloud platform through the client, selecting products, services and corresponding versions to be installed, generating configuration data and storing the configuration data as equipment private data; the edge gateway device pulls a product and a service to be installed, installs the product and the sub-service through a predefined instruction, and operates the installed sub-service to complete specific functions including basic functions and business functions.
Example 2
An embodiment of the present invention provides an implementation method of an edge computing gateway device, and fig. 2 is a flowchart of the implementation method of the edge computing gateway device of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the implementation method of the edge computing gateway device specifically includes the following steps:
s201, receiving a gateway service installation request and authorization information sent by a terminal, and installing a gateway service;
s202, obtaining the sub-services from the device private data stored in the server, installing and operating the sub-services, and accessing the sub-services to the server.
The main execution body of the implementation method of the edge computing gateway device is the edge computing gateway device described in embodiment 1, and the edge computing gateway device interacts with a terminal, establishes network connection with a server through a gateway service after the gateway service is installed, that is, accesses the server (cloud platform), so as to implement remote communication.
The edge computing gateway device receives a gateway service installation request and authorization information sent by a terminal (client) to install gateway services, wherein the gateway services comprise cloud communication, sub-equipment management and control and sub-service management and control.
The edge computing gateway device acquires the sub-services from the server for installation and operation, and accesses the installed sub-services to the server to realize different business functions, so that the edge computing gateway device can complete partial work of the server and realize function expansion of the edge computing gateway device. The edge computing gateway device is upgraded by installing the sub-service for the edge computing gateway device and upgrading and updating the sub-service, the edge computing gateway device does not need to be updated and improved, and the edge computing gateway device has the advantages of convenience in function upgrading and simplicity in function iteration.
In some embodiments, the terminal checks the state of the edge computing gateway device accessing the server to ensure that the edge computing gateway device establishes a network connection with the server.
Preferably, before acquiring the sub-service from the device private data stored in the server and installing and running the sub-service, the method further includes:
the version of the sub-service in the private data of the verification device is as follows: and comparing the version of the sub-service with the version supported by the edge computing gateway device, and if the edge computing gateway device supports the version of the sub-service, acquiring the corresponding sub-service for installation.
Preferably, before obtaining the sub-service from the device private data stored in the service storage, the method further includes:
and accessing the server through the terminal to inquire the sub-services and the versions supported by the edge computing gateway device and select the corresponding sub-services and versions as the equipment private data stored by the server.
And accessing the server through the terminal, checking the sub-services and versions supported by the edge computing gateway device, and configuring the sub-services and versions to be installed for the edge computing gateway device, wherein the sub-services and versions to be installed are stored as configuration data in the private data of the equipment.
Preferably, after installing the gateway service, the method further includes:
and acquiring a virtual sub-equipment installation package from the equipment private data stored in the server, installing the virtual sub-equipment installation package, operating the virtual sub-equipment installed according to the virtual sub-equipment installation package, and accessing the virtual sub-equipment to the server.
The virtual sub-devices can complete service functions according to service requirements, for example, group control or sequential execution of control instruction combination is performed on the connected sub-devices, and control over the connected sub-devices is realized through control over the virtual sub-devices.
Preferably, the obtaining the virtual sub-device installation package from the device private data stored in the server, before installing the virtual sub-device installation package, further includes:
and querying virtual sub-device data in the device private data stored in the server, and checking the virtual sub-device data.
The check virtual sub-device comprises: comparing the version in the virtual sub-device data with the version supported by the edge computing gateway device, and if the edge computing gateway device supports the version of the virtual sub-device, acquiring the virtual sub-device for installation.
Preferably, before obtaining the virtual sub-device installation package from the device private data stored in the server, the method includes:
and accessing the server through the terminal to inquire the virtual sub-devices and the versions supported by the edge computing gateway device, and selecting the corresponding virtual sub-devices and the versions as the device private data stored by the server.
The virtual sub-equipment and the version supported by the edge computing gateway device can be checked through the terminal access server, the virtual sub-equipment and the version to be installed are configured for the edge computing gateway device, the virtual sub-equipment and the version to be installed are stored into the equipment private data as configuration data, and the edge computing gateway device can inquire an installation package of the virtual sub-equipment to be installed.
In this embodiment, the method for implementing the edge computing gateway device includes gateway service installation, sub-service selection, sub-service installation, sub-service startup and upgrade, virtual sub-device selection and installation, and other processes. The gateway service may be installed by way of an automated installation tool or online installation. The subsequent processes can be executed by adopting terminal remote control.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the edge computing gateway apparatus and the implementation method thereof, each included unit and each included module are only divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding function can be implemented; in addition, specific names of the functional units are only for convenience of distinguishing from each other, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms referred to herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Reference to "a," "an," "the," and similar words throughout this application are not to be construed as limiting in number, and may refer to the singular or the plural. The present application is directed to the use of the terms "including," "comprising," "having," and any variations thereof, which are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions; for example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or modules (elements) is not limited to the listed steps or elements, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Reference to "connected," "coupled," and the like in this application is not intended to be limited to physical or mechanical connections, but rather can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The term "plurality" as referred to herein means two or more. "and/or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, meaning that three relationships may exist, for example, "A and/or B" may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. Reference herein to the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not denote a particular ordering for the objects.
Various other modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art based on the above-described technical solutions and concepts, and all such modifications and changes should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An edge computing gateway apparatus, comprising:
the gateway service module is used for providing gateway services, and the sub-service module is used for realizing business functions;
the gateway service module comprises a cloud communication unit, a sub-device management and control unit and a sub-service management unit;
the cloud communication unit is used for communicating with a server, the sub-device management and control unit is used for managing and controlling sub-devices accessed to the edge computing gateway device, and the sub-service management unit is used for installing sub-services in the sub-service modules;
the sub-services comprise basic sub-services and business sub-services for realizing different business functions;
the sub-equipment management and control unit inquires and checks virtual sub-equipment data in equipment private data stored in a server according to different management requirements on the sub-equipment, and if the edge computing gateway device supports the version of the virtual sub-equipment, an installation package of the virtual sub-equipment is obtained from the equipment private data stored in the server and is installed;
the virtual sub-equipment is connected with a plurality of sub-equipment through communication protocols, the communication protocols of the virtual sub-equipment and different sub-equipment are different, and the virtual sub-equipment is used for carrying out centralized control or combined control on the corresponding sub-equipment.
2. The edge computing gateway device of claim 1, wherein the base sub-service comprises:
and the log sub-service is used for positioning remote problems, and uploading local logs of each sub-service and each sub-device to the server for viewing and analysis through a preset protocol according to the instruction sent by the server.
3. The edge computing gateway device of claim 2, wherein the base sub-service further comprises:
the network sub-service is used for providing remote access support, the gateway sub-service establishes a VPN link with the server, and the VPN link provides a remote access channel for the log sub-service, the business sub-service and other basic sub-services;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and the monitoring sub-service is used for monitoring the running states of the gateway service module and the sub-service module.
4. An implementation method of an edge computing gateway device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
receiving a gateway service installation request and authorization information sent by a terminal, and installing a gateway service;
acquiring sub-services from equipment private data stored in a server, installing and operating the sub-services, and accessing the sub-services to the server;
the sub-equipment management and control unit inquires and checks virtual sub-equipment data in the equipment private data stored in the server according to different management requirements on the sub-equipment, if the edge computing gateway device supports the version of the virtual sub-equipment, an installation package of the virtual sub-equipment is obtained from the equipment private data stored in the server and is installed,
the virtual sub-equipment is connected with a plurality of sub-equipment through communication protocols, the communication protocols of the virtual sub-equipment and different sub-equipment are different, and the virtual sub-equipment is used for carrying out centralized control or combined control on the corresponding sub-equipment.
5. The method for implementing an edge computing gateway apparatus according to claim 4, wherein before obtaining the sub-service from the device private data stored in the server and installing and running the sub-service, the method further comprises:
and inquiring the sub-service in the device private data stored by the server, and checking the version of the sub-service in the device private data.
6. The method for implementing an edge computing gateway apparatus according to claim 4, wherein before obtaining the sub-service from the server-stored device private data, the method further comprises:
and accessing the server through the terminal to inquire the sub-services and versions supported by the edge computing gateway device and select the corresponding sub-services and versions as the equipment private data stored by the server.
7. The method for implementing the edge computing gateway apparatus according to claim 4, wherein before the obtaining the virtual sub-device installation package from the device private data stored in the server, the method includes:
and accessing the server through the terminal to inquire the virtual sub-equipment and the version supported by the edge computing gateway device, and selecting the corresponding virtual sub-equipment and the version as the equipment private data stored by the server.
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