CN112465320A - Virtual power plant transaction management method based on block chain technology - Google Patents

Virtual power plant transaction management method based on block chain technology Download PDF

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CN112465320A
CN112465320A CN202011292991.7A CN202011292991A CN112465320A CN 112465320 A CN112465320 A CN 112465320A CN 202011292991 A CN202011292991 A CN 202011292991A CN 112465320 A CN112465320 A CN 112465320A
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virtual power
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周红益
马汝祥
侍红兵
柏晶晶
胥峥
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Yancheng Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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Yancheng Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a virtual power plant transaction management method based on a block chain technology, which comprises the following steps: 1) improving a traditional virtual power plant architecture, and constructing a virtual power plant transaction management framework based on a block chain; 2) the distributed energy node reports information such as energy types and tradeable credits and the like for authentication; 3) performing optimized scheduling by the virtual power plant aggregator with the aim of maximizing profit; 4) transaction matching between a distributed power supply and a load is realized by adopting a block chain technology in the virtual power plant; 5) the transaction settlement is realized between the energy purchasing node and the energy selling node; 6) the virtual power plant aggregator collects all transaction records over a period of time and generates a data block. The transaction management method can realize point-to-point transaction of the distributed energy and the load, promote local consumption of the distributed energy, and reduce the transaction cost and energy loss of electric power.

Description

Virtual power plant transaction management method based on block chain technology
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power supply transaction of an electric power system, and particularly relates to a virtual power plant transaction management method based on a block chain technology.
Background
The promotion of clean energy consumption by virtual power plant technology is an important component of energy internet construction content. Meanwhile, modern information technologies and advanced communication technologies such as 'big cloud thing moving intelligent link' are applied as important carriers for achieving the construction goal of the energy internet, and the block chain technology is the important development of the modern information technology. Thus, there is a possibility of deep cooperation between the blockchain technique and the virtual power plant. Traditional virtual power plant adopts centralized management mode, has the unsafe, unreasonable, the loaded down with trivial details scheduling problem of trade management of information data, and the concrete expression is:
at present, a centralized virtual power plant management mode stores all information data in a virtual power plant aggregator, and once the virtual power plant aggregator is attacked by a hacker, the information data of the whole system is leaked. Meanwhile, in a centralized management mode, information data are monopolized by a virtual power plant aggregator, and other distributed energy owners are difficult to acquire transaction information and have the problem that the information is not public and opaque.
The block chain technology provides a new way for solving some problems existing in the virtual power plant transaction management mode by the characteristics of decentralization, openness and transparency, non-falsification and the like, and can promote the development of the virtual power plant technology and help the virtual power plant technology to break through the technical bottleneck. Similarly, the virtual power plant also provides a new application scene for the block chain technology, and the realization of the technical value of the virtual power plant is facilitated. Therefore, the block chain and the virtual power plant are in complementary relation, and a decentralized energy exchange management system can be established by combining the block chain and the virtual power plant.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a virtual power plant transaction management method based on a block chain technology, which can realize point-to-point transaction of distributed energy and load and promote local consumption of the distributed energy.
The invention specifically relates to a virtual power plant transaction management method based on a block chain technology, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that (1) a traditional centralized virtual power plant architecture is improved by using a block chain technology, and a virtual power plant transaction management framework based on the block chain technology is constructed;
step (2), before the distributed energy nodes join the virtual power plant, real identity ID, energy type, tradable amount and actual address information of the distributed energy nodes need to be reported, and proper energy trading roles are selected;
step (3), performing optimized scheduling by the virtual power plant aggregator according to the energy information of each distributed energy node by taking the maximum accumulated profit as a target to obtain the day-ahead planned output of each distributed energy node, and sending the output to each distributed energy node;
step (4), transaction matching between the distributed power supply and the load is achieved by adopting a block chain technology in the virtual power plant, and after the transaction matching is completed, the virtual power plant sells the residual power to a power market;
step (5), the energy purchasing node transfers the energy currency to a wallet address provided by the energy selling node, and the energy selling node verifies the received energy payment information to realize transaction settlement;
and (6) collecting all transaction records of the virtual power plant aggregator within a period of time, and completing a consensus process by adopting a PoS consensus algorithm to generate a data block.
Further, the step (1) is to construct a virtual power plant transaction management framework based on a block chain technology, wherein the framework comprises three basic elements, namely a distributed energy node, a virtual power plant aggregator and an intelligent electric meter;
1) distributed energy node: the virtual power plant is formed by aggregating distributed energy resources such as a photovoltaic power station, a gas turbine, an electric automobile, an energy storage system and a commercial building through an advanced information technology and a software system, each distributed energy resource and load have the characteristic of dispersion autonomy and can be regarded as an energy node, the distributed energy resource and load are divided into 3 types, namely an energy purchasing node, an energy selling node and an idle node, wherein the idle node refers to a node which does not participate in energy transaction in the current transaction period;
2) virtual plant aggregator: the virtual power plant aggregator, namely the control center of the virtual power plant operator, provides information consultation, transaction management and wireless communication service for each distributed energy node in the virtual power plant, and consists of three parts, namely a transaction processing center, an account storage center and a transaction record storage center:
the transaction processing center is responsible for collecting transaction requests of all distributed energy nodes in the virtual power plant, performing transaction matching, and after the matching is completed, performing transaction settlement between all the distributed energy nodes by adopting encrypted digital currency;
the account storage center stores account information of each energy node, wherein the account information comprises an Identity (ID), an energy type, a tradable amount, an actual address and digital wallet address information, and each distributed energy node can obtain an energy account after joining a virtual power plant aggregator and is used for recording and managing digital assets;
the transaction record storage center backups all transaction records in the virtual power plant, and each distributed energy node can inquire and verify the transaction records at any time, so that the transaction record storage center has the characteristics of openness and transparency, and the trust cost of P2P transaction can be reduced;
3) the intelligent electric meter: in order to realize information transmission between the distributed energy nodes and the virtual power plant aggregator, each distributed energy node needs to be provided with an intelligent electric meter, and the distributed energy nodes have the functions of calculating and recording electric power transaction amount in real time, and meanwhile, can pay and collect encrypted digital currency according to transaction records of the intelligent electric meters.
Further, the step (2) of performing node authentication on the distributed energy resources of the virtual power plant comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: before the distributed energy nodes join the virtual power plant, the distributed energy nodes need to be registered in a virtual power plant aggregator, and the real identity ID, the energy type, the tradable amount and the actual address information of the distributed energy nodes are reported;
step 2.2: after auditing, a virtual power plant aggregator issues corresponding public and private key pairs and digital wallet addresses to each distributed energy node through an asymmetric encryption technology, and stores the public and private key pairs and the digital wallet addresses in an account storage center;
step 2.3: after the energy authentication is completed, each distributed energy node can select a proper energy transaction role according to the energy state of the distributed energy node and the future energy demand.
Further, after the energy trading role is determined in the step (3), the virtual power plant aggregator performs optimal scheduling with a maximum accumulated profit as a target according to the energy information of each distributed energy node, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: considering the situation that a virtual power plant participates in the day-ahead power market, and aiming at the uncertainty of photovoltaic output and market electricity price, processing by adopting a stochastic programming method; the objective function of the virtual power plant optimization scheduling is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002784376150000031
wherein T is the total time period number in one day; n iss、npRespectively the number of photovoltaic scenes and the number of electricity price scenes; pi(s) and pi (p) are respectively the probabilities of the photovoltaic scene of the s-th group and the electrovalence scene of the p-th group; lambda [ alpha ]p,tThe price of electricity in the period t in the p-th group scene; gp,s,t、
Figure BDA0002784376150000032
The trading volume and the running cost of the virtual power plant in the power market at the t period under the conditions of the p-th group of power price scenes and the s-th group of photovoltaic scenes respectively;
Figure BDA0002784376150000033
is a start-stop variable of the gas turbine set; sGTThe start-stop cost of the gas turbine unit.
The operating cost of a gas turbine can be expressed as a piecewise linear function:
Figure BDA0002784376150000034
wherein a is fixed production cost;
Figure BDA0002784376150000035
is an operating variable of the gas turbine; k is a radical ofjGenerating cost slope for the j section of the gas turbine;
Figure BDA0002784376150000036
the j section output of the t time section of the gas turbine;
step 3.2: the virtual power plant is subjected to gas turbine operation constraint, energy storage system operation constraint, electric power market trading volume constraint and power balance constraint in the optimized scheduling process; the constraint is expressed as:
(1) gas turbine constraints:
Figure BDA0002784376150000037
Figure BDA0002784376150000038
Figure BDA0002784376150000039
Figure BDA00027843761500000310
Figure BDA00027843761500000311
Figure BDA00027843761500000312
Figure BDA0002784376150000041
Figure BDA0002784376150000042
Figure BDA0002784376150000043
wherein, gGT,max、gGT,minMaximum and minimum output power of the gas turbine, respectively;
Figure BDA0002784376150000044
outputting force for the gas turbine in t time period; r isU、rDThe upward and downward ramp rates of the gas turbine;
Figure BDA0002784376150000045
the upper limit of the output of the j section of the gas turbine is;
Figure BDA0002784376150000046
the upper limits of the starting and shutdown of the gas turbine operation variables are respectively; are each tsu、tsdMinimum on-off time of the gas turbine; t is tsu,0、tsd，0Initial startup and shutdown times of the gas turbine are respectively;
(2) energy storage system constraint conditions:
Figure BDA0002784376150000047
Figure BDA0002784376150000048
Figure BDA0002784376150000049
Figure BDA00027843761500000410
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00027843761500000411
the storage capacity of the electric energy storage system; etac、ηdThe charging and discharging efficiencies of the electric energy storage system are respectively;
Figure BDA00027843761500000412
respectively the charge and discharge amount of the electric energy storage system; ses,min、Ses,maxRespectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the storage capacity of the electric energy storage system; gesc,max、gesd,maxThe maximum charge and discharge power of the electric energy storage system is respectively;
(3) electric power market trading volume constraint condition:
Figure BDA00027843761500000413
Figure BDA00027843761500000414
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00027843761500000415
the method comprises the steps of (1) purchasing and selling electric quantity of a virtual power plant in a day-ahead electric power market; pDA,max、SDA,maxThe maximum purchasing and selling electric quantity of the virtual power plant in the day-ahead electric power market is respectively;
(4) power balance constraint conditions:
Figure BDA00027843761500000416
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00027843761500000417
output for renewable energy;
Figure BDA00027843761500000418
load demand in the virtual power plant.
Further, after the day-ahead optimization scheduling is finished, the step (4) further adopts a block chain technology to realize transaction matching between the distributed power supply and the load in the virtual power plant, and comprises the following steps:
step 4.1: before the transaction is matched, the energy purchasing node/the energy selling node sends the demand information to a transaction processing center of a virtual power plant aggregator, wherein the demand information comprises expected transaction electric quantity, expected transaction time and expected quotation information;
step 4.2: the virtual power plant aggregator adopts a continuous bidirectional auction mechanism to carry out transaction matching between the energy purchasing node and the energy selling node; in the matching process, after the two transaction parties submit the quotes, the quotes of the buyers are arranged from high to low, and the optimal buying price is the highest quote of the buyers; arranging the offers of the seller from low to high, wherein the optimal selling price is the lowest offer of the seller; when the optimal buying price is greater than or equal to the optimal selling price, the buyer and the seller achieve transaction matching, and the actual transaction price is the average value of the quoted prices of the buyer and the seller;
if the transaction matching can not be completed in the current round of transaction period, the buyer and the seller need to update the quote according to the equations (19) and (20) and the optimal buying price/optimal selling price until the electricity is sold out or the transaction time is cut off:
Figure BDA0002784376150000051
Figure BDA0002784376150000052
wherein p isb(t)、ps(t) a purchase offer and a sale offer, respectively; p is a radical ofcallIs an initial quote; p is a radical ofObid(t)、pOask(t) respectively the optimal purchase price and the optimal sale price in the iterative process of the tth transaction; etab、ηsThe quotation adjustment coefficients of the energy purchasing node and the energy selling node are respectively; tau isb(t)、τs(t) respectively evaluating the energy purchasing node and the energy selling node in the iterative process of the tth transaction;
after the transaction matching is completed, if the actual output of the distributed energy node is deviated from the planned output, punishment needs to be carried out on the actual output, and the punishment degree is determined by the output deviation so as to ensure the output reliability of the distributed energy node.
Further, in the step (5), after the matching of the energy transaction is completed, the energy purchasing node transfers the energy currency to a wallet address provided by the energy selling node, and the energy selling node verifies the received energy payment information to realize the transaction settlement, including the following steps:
step 5.1: after transaction matching between the distributed energy nodes is completed, the energy purchasing node transfers the energy currency from a digital wallet of the energy purchasing node to a wallet address provided by the energy selling node, and signature is carried out by adopting a private key;
step 5.2: and the energy selling node downloads a public key corresponding to the energy purchasing node from the account storage center of the virtual power plant aggregator, and decrypts the received energy payment information so as to verify that the payment information comes from the corresponding energy purchasing node.
Further, in the step (6), after the settlement of the energy trade is completed, the virtual power plant aggregator collects all trade records in a period of time and generates a data block, and the method includes the following steps:
step 6.1: the virtual power plant aggregator collects all transaction records in a period of time, a PoS consensus algorithm is adopted to complete a consensus process, a node with the highest interest in a block chain obtains block accounting rights, the interest is also called a currency day and is determined by the product of the number of tokens held by the node and holding time;
step 6.2: the distributed energy source node which obtains the accounting right broadcasts block information to other nodes of the system, and the other nodes continue to broadcast the data blocks to other nodes after auditing and signing the data blocks; each node compares the audit result with the results of other nodes and replies to the accounting node; if the other nodes reach the agreement about the block, the accounting node sends the currently audited data block to all other nodes for storage; after the above work is completed, the blocks are added to the energy block chain in time order.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects: the virtual power plant transaction management framework and mode based on the block chain technology can realize point-to-point transaction of distributed energy and load and promote local consumption of the distributed energy.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a virtual power plant transaction management method based on a block chain technique according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of output data for 3 distributed photovoltaic generator sets according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of load demand of a virtual power plant over a day;
FIG. 4 is a day-ahead electricity market electricity price diagram;
fig. 5 is a distributed energy node energy information diagram (taking an electric energy storage system as an example);
FIG. 6 is a graph of detailed optimization results for each aggregate unit of a virtual power plant and the amount of power purchased and sold in the power market at that time;
FIG. 7 is a chart of a recording of a planned contribution from day-ahead;
FIG. 8 is an initial parameter graph of the utility purchase node and the utility sale node (taking node S1 as an example);
fig. 9 is a graph of energy trade matching results (taking the trade between node S3 and node B1 as an example).
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail a specific embodiment of a virtual power plant transaction management method based on a block chain technology according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the virtual power plant transaction management method based on the block chain technology of the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1, improving a traditional centralized virtual power plant architecture by using a block chain technology, and constructing a virtual power plant transaction management framework based on the block chain technology;
step 2, before the distributed energy nodes join the virtual power plant, the real identity ID, the energy type, the tradable amount, the actual address and other information of the distributed energy nodes need to be reported, and a proper energy trading role is selected;
step 3, performing optimized scheduling by the virtual power plant aggregator according to the energy information of each distributed energy node by taking the maximum accumulated profit as a target to obtain the day-ahead planned output of each distributed energy node, and sending the output to each distributed energy node;
and 4, further adopting a block chain technology in the virtual power plant to realize transaction matching between the distributed power supply and the load. After the transaction matching is completed, the virtual power plant sells the residual power to the power market;
step 5, the energy purchasing node transfers the energy currency to a wallet address provided by the energy selling node, and the energy selling node verifies the received energy payment information to realize transaction settlement;
and 6, collecting all transaction records of the virtual power plant aggregator within a period of time, and completing a consensus process by adopting a PoS consensus algorithm to generate a data block.
On an EtherFang platform, an intelligent contract editor Remix is adopted to carry out simulation test on a virtual power plant transaction management framework and a mode based on a block chain, and the result shows that: the framework and the mode can realize point-to-point transaction of the distributed energy and the load, promote local consumption of the distributed energy, and reduce the cost of electric power transaction and energy loss.
The method comprises the following steps that step 1, a virtual power plant transaction management framework based on a block chain technology is built, and the virtual power plant transaction management framework comprises three main elements, namely distributed energy nodes, virtual power plant aggregators and intelligent electric meters.
(1) Distributed energy node
The virtual power plant is formed by aggregating distributed energy resources such as a photovoltaic power station, a gas turbine, an electric automobile, an energy storage system and a commercial building through an advanced information technology and a software system, each distributed energy resource and load have the characteristic of dispersion autonomy and can be regarded as an energy node, the distributed energy resource and the load can be divided into 3 types, and the distributed energy resource and the load can be respectively an energy purchasing node, an energy selling node and an idle node. The idle node refers to a node which does not participate in energy trading in the current trading period.
(2) Virtual power plant aggregator
The virtual power plant aggregator, namely a control center of a virtual power plant operator, can provide information consultation, transaction management and wireless communication service for each distributed energy node in the virtual power plant, and comprises three main parts, namely a transaction processing center, an account storage center and a transaction record storage center.
1) And the transaction processing center is responsible for collecting transaction requests of all distributed energy nodes in the virtual power plant and performing transaction matching. And after matching is completed, transaction settlement is carried out among all distributed energy nodes by adopting encrypted digital currency.
2) The account storage center stores account information of each energy node, including information such as Identity (ID), energy type, transaction amount, actual address and digital wallet address. Each distributed energy node can obtain an energy account after joining the VPP aggregator, and the energy account is used for recording and managing digital assets.
3) All transaction records in the virtual power plant are backed up in the transaction record storage center, each distributed energy node can inquire and verify the transaction records at any time, and the transaction record storage center has the characteristics of openness and transparency and can reduce the trust cost of P2P transaction.
(3) Intelligent electric meter
In order to realize information transmission between the distributed energy nodes and the virtual power plant aggregator, each distributed energy node needs to be provided with an intelligent electric meter, and the distributed energy nodes have the functions of calculating and recording electric power transaction amount in real time. Meanwhile, the distributed energy nodes can also pay and collect encrypted digital currency according to the transaction records of the intelligent electric meter.
Step 2 realizes distributed energy node authentication on the basis of the virtual power plant transaction management framework, and comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: before the distributed energy nodes join the virtual power plant, the distributed energy nodes need to be registered in a virtual power plant aggregator, and information such as real Identity (ID), energy types, tradable amounts, actual addresses and the like of the distributed energy nodes is reported.
Step 2.2: and after the virtual power plant aggregator is audited, corresponding public and private key pairs and digital wallet addresses are issued to all the distributed energy nodes through an asymmetric encryption technology and are stored in an account storage center.
Step 2.3: after the energy authentication is completed, each distributed energy node can select a proper energy transaction role according to the energy state of the distributed energy node and the future energy demand.
After determining the energy trading role, the virtual power plant aggregator performs optimal scheduling according to the energy information of each distributed energy node by taking the maximum accumulated profit as a target, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: considering the situation that a virtual power plant participates in the day-ahead power market, and aiming at the uncertainty of photovoltaic output and market electricity price, processing by adopting a stochastic programming method; the objective function of the virtual power plant optimization scheduling is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002784376150000081
wherein T is the total time period number in one day; n iss、npRespectively the number of photovoltaic scenes and the number of electricity price scenes; pi(s) and pi (p) are respectively the probabilities of the photovoltaic scene of the s-th group and the electrovalence scene of the p-th group; lambda [ alpha ]p,tThe price of electricity in the period t in the p-th group scene; gp,s,t、
Figure BDA0002784376150000082
The trading volume and the running cost of the virtual power plant in the power market at the t period under the conditions of the p-th group of power price scenes and the s-th group of photovoltaic scenes respectively;
Figure BDA0002784376150000083
is a start-stop variable of the gas turbine set; sGTThe start-stop cost of the gas turbine unit.
The operating cost of a gas turbine can be expressed as a piecewise linear function:
Figure BDA0002784376150000084
wherein a is fixed production cost;
Figure BDA0002784376150000085
is an operating variable of the gas turbine; k is a radical ofjGenerating cost slope for the j section of the gas turbine;
Figure BDA0002784376150000086
is the j-th section output of the t period of the gas turbine.
Step 3.2: the virtual power plant is subjected to gas turbine operation constraint, energy storage system operation constraint, electric power market trading volume constraint and power balance constraint in the optimized scheduling process; the constraint is expressed as:
(1) gas turbine constraints:
Figure BDA0002784376150000087
Figure BDA0002784376150000088
Figure BDA0002784376150000089
Figure BDA00027843761500000810
Figure BDA00027843761500000811
Figure BDA00027843761500000812
Figure BDA0002784376150000091
Figure BDA0002784376150000092
Figure BDA0002784376150000093
wherein, gGT,max、gGT,minMaximum and minimum output power of the gas turbine, respectively;
Figure BDA0002784376150000094
outputting force for the gas turbine in t time period; r isU、rDThe upward and downward ramp rates of the gas turbine;
Figure BDA0002784376150000095
the upper limit of the output of the j section of the gas turbine is;
Figure BDA0002784376150000096
the upper limits of the starting and shutdown of the gas turbine operation variables are respectively; are each tsu、tsdMinimum on-off time of the gas turbine; t is tsu,0、tsd，0Respectively, the initial on-off time of the gas turbine.
(2) Energy storage system constraint conditions:
Figure BDA0002784376150000097
Figure BDA0002784376150000098
Figure BDA0002784376150000099
Figure BDA00027843761500000910
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00027843761500000911
the storage capacity of the electric energy storage system; etac、ηdThe charging and discharging efficiencies of the electric energy storage system are respectively;
Figure BDA00027843761500000912
respectively the charge and discharge amount of the electric energy storage system; ses,min、Ses,maxRespectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the storage capacity of the electric energy storage system; gesc,max、gesd,maxRespectively the maximum charge-discharge power of the electric energy storage system.
(3) Electric power market trading volume constraint condition:
Figure BDA00027843761500000913
Figure BDA00027843761500000914
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00027843761500000915
the method comprises the steps of (1) purchasing and selling electric quantity of a virtual power plant in a day-ahead electric power market; pDA,max、SDA,maxThe maximum purchase and sale electric quantity of the virtual power plant in the electric power market in the day before is respectively.
(4) Power balance constraint conditions:
Figure BDA00027843761500000916
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00027843761500000917
output for renewable energy;
Figure BDA00027843761500000918
is the load demand within the VPP.
Step 4, after the day-ahead optimization scheduling is finished, transaction matching between the distributed power supply and the load is further realized by adopting a block chain technology in the virtual power plant, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 4.1: before the transactions are matched, the energy purchasing node/the energy selling node sends the demand information to a transaction processing center of the virtual power plant aggregator, wherein the demand information comprises information such as expected transaction electric quantity, expected transaction time and expected quotation.
Step 4.2: the virtual power plant aggregator uses a continuous bi-directional auction mechanism to make trade matches between the energy purchasing nodes and the energy selling nodes. In the matching process, after the two transaction parties submit the quotes, the quotes of the buyers are arranged from high to low, and the optimal buying price is the highest quote of the buyers; and arranging the offers of the seller from low to high, wherein the optimal selling price is the lowest offer of the seller. And when the optimal buying price is greater than or equal to the optimal selling price, the buyer and the seller reach transaction matching, and the actual transaction price is the average value of the quoted prices of the buyer and the seller.
If the transaction matching cannot be completed in the current round of transaction period, the buyer and the seller need to update the quote according to the equations (19) and (20) and the optimal buying price/optimal selling price until the electricity is sold out or the transaction time is cut off.
Figure BDA0002784376150000101
Figure BDA0002784376150000102
Wherein p isb(t)、ps(t) are respectively purchase newspapersPrice and offer to sell; p is a radical ofcallIs an initial quote; p is a radical ofObid(t)、pOask(t) respectively the optimal purchase price and the optimal sale price in the iterative process of the tth transaction; etab、ηsThe quotation adjustment coefficients of the energy purchasing node and the energy selling node are respectively; tau isb(t)、τsAnd (t) respectively evaluating the energy purchasing node and the energy selling node in the process of the t-th transaction iteration.
After the transaction matching is completed, if the actual output of the distributed energy node is deviated from the planned output, punishment needs to be carried out on the actual output, and the punishment degree is determined by the output deviation so as to ensure the output reliability of the distributed energy node.
After the matching of the energy transaction is completed, the energy purchasing node transfers the energy currency to a wallet address provided by the energy selling node, and the energy selling node verifies the received energy payment information to realize transaction settlement, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: after the transaction matching between the distributed energy nodes is completed, the energy purchasing node transfers the energy currency from its digital wallet to the wallet address provided by the energy selling node and signs with the private key.
Step 5.2: and the energy selling node downloads a public key corresponding to the energy purchasing node from the account storage center of the virtual power plant aggregator, and decrypts the received energy payment information so as to verify that the payment information comes from the corresponding energy purchasing node.
Step 6, after the settlement of the energy trade is completed, the virtual power plant aggregator collects all trade records in a period of time and generates a data block, including the following steps:
step 6.1: and collecting all transaction records of the virtual power plant aggregator within a period of time, completing a consensus process by adopting a PoS consensus algorithm, and acquiring block accounting rights by nodes with the highest rights and interests in a block chain. The equity, also called the day of the currency, is determined by the product of the number of tokens held by the node and the time of holding.
Step 6.2: and the distributed energy source node which obtains the accounting right broadcasts the block information to other nodes of the system, and the other nodes continue to broadcast the data block to other nodes after auditing and signing the data block. Each node compares the audit result with the results of other nodes and replies to the accounting node. If the other nodes agree on the block, the accounting node sends the currently audited data block to all other nodes for storage. After the above work is completed, the blocks are added to the energy block chain in time order.
The virtual power plant set by the embodiment is composed of 1 micro gas turbine, 3 distributed photovoltaic units, 1 group of electric energy storage systems and 5 fixed loads.
The micro gas turbine unit adopts a T100 model of Turbec company, and specific parameters are shown in Table 1. The output data of the 3 distributed photovoltaic generator sets are shown in fig. 2. Specific parameters of the electrical energy storage system are shown in table 2. The load demand of a virtual power plant during a day is shown in fig. 3. The day ahead electricity market electricity prices are shown in fig. 4.
TABLE 1T 100 gas turbine parameters
Figure BDA0002784376150000111
TABLE 2 Electrical energy storage System parameters
Figure BDA0002784376150000112
And on the EtherFang platform, adopting an intelligent contract editor Remix to perform simulation test on the virtual power plant transaction management framework and mode based on the block chain.
Firstly, before energy optimization scheduling, each distributed energy node needs to send energy information including gas turbine parameters, electric energy storage system parameters, day-ahead predicted output of a distributed photovoltaic unit, load requirements of each node and the like to a virtual power plant aggregator through a block chain system embedded in an intelligent electric meter, and signature is carried out by adopting a private key.
After receiving the energy information from each distributed energy node, the virtual power plant aggregator classifies the energy information according to the energy type and issues the energy information to the ethernet platform, as shown in fig. 5.
And programming and solving the day-ahead optimization scheduling model of the virtual power plant by adopting optimization modeling software GAMS24.4 under the chain. The specific optimization results of each aggregation unit of the virtual power plant and the purchase and sale electric quantity of the virtual power plant in the electric power market at the day before are shown in fig. 6. The virtual power plant aggregator issues the day-ahead planned output result obtained by optimization to the ethernet platform, and sends the day-ahead planned output result to each distributed energy node, as shown in fig. 7.
On an EtherFang platform, an intelligent contract editor Remix is adopted to introduce by taking energy trading match at the moment of 9:00 as an example, and 1 gas turbine unit and 3 distributed photovoltaic units are set as energy selling nodes; setting 5 fixed loads as energy purchasing nodes; and the energy storage system is selected as an energy selling node or an energy purchasing node to participate in the transaction according to the current charging and discharging state.
When the expected transaction time is 9:00, 3 distributed photovoltaic units are respectively used as energy selling nodes S1-S3; gas turbine engine set as utility selling node S4; the energy storage system is in a discharging state and is selected as an energy selling node S5 to participate in the transaction; the fixed loads at 5 are referred to as energy purchasing nodes B1-B5, respectively. The electricity market price is 449Finney/MW, but since the data types in the Remix system are all integer types, the following units of electricity price are collectively denoted by Finney/MW. Specific bidding parameters of the energy purchase node and the energy sale node are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 input parameters for energy buying and selling nodes
Figure BDA0002784376150000121
Initial parameters of the energy purchasing node and the energy selling node are input on the Etherhouse platform and classified according to different transaction time, as shown in figure 8.
According to the matching rule of the continuous two-way auction mechanism, firstly, transaction matching between the optimal purchasing price and the optimal selling price is realized, after the optimal purchasing price and the optimal selling price are matched, transaction matching between the suboptimal purchasing price and the suboptimal selling price is carried out, and the transaction price is the average value of the purchasing price and the selling price. The transaction matching process is shown in table 4. Wherein the utility selling node S5 and the utility purchasing node B4 did not complete the expected transaction amount.
TABLE 4 input parameters for energy buying and selling nodes
Figure BDA0002784376150000122
Taking the transaction between the utility selling node S3 and the utility purchasing node B1 as an example, the node S3 sells 39kW of electricity to the node B1 at a price of 407Finney/MW, and the state quantity of the node S3 becomes "true" indicating that the electricity of the utility selling node S3 is completely sold, and the operation results are shown in fig. 9.
The intelligent contract for transaction settlement of the continuous two-way auction is deployed on an EtherFang main chain, and the transaction settlement process is as follows:
1) the energy purchasing nodes B1-B5 transfer the energy coins from the respective "digital wallets" to the digital wallets of the energy selling nodes S1-S5 according to the data of the smart meter and sign with the private key.
2) The Utility sale nodes S1-S5 decrypt the Utility payment information using the public keys of the Utility purchase nodes B1-B5 to verify payment validity.
The transaction settlement process for the successive bi-directional auction phases is illustrated by nodes S3 and B2 in Table 4. The input parameters are the address of the energy purchasing node, the energy trading volume is 43kW, and the energy trading price is 415 Finney/MW. Thus, the utility purchase node B2 needs to pay 17Finney to the utility sale node S3.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A virtual power plant transaction management method based on a block chain technology is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that (1) a traditional centralized virtual power plant architecture is improved by using a block chain technology, and a virtual power plant transaction management framework based on the block chain technology is constructed;
step (2), before the distributed energy nodes join the virtual power plant, real identity ID, energy type, tradable amount and actual address information of the distributed energy nodes need to be reported, and proper energy trading roles are selected;
step (3), performing optimized scheduling by the virtual power plant aggregator according to the energy information of each distributed energy node by taking the maximum accumulated profit as a target to obtain the day-ahead planned output of each distributed energy node, and sending the output to each distributed energy node;
step (4), transaction matching between the distributed power supply and the load is achieved by adopting a block chain technology in the virtual power plant, and after the transaction matching is completed, the virtual power plant sells the residual power to a power market;
step (5), the energy purchasing node transfers the energy currency to a wallet address provided by the energy selling node, and the energy selling node verifies the received energy payment information to realize transaction settlement;
and (6) collecting all transaction records of the virtual power plant aggregator within a period of time, and completing a consensus process by adopting a PoS consensus algorithm to generate a data block.
2. The virtual power plant transaction management method based on the blockchain technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (1) constructs a virtual power plant transaction management framework based on the blockchain technology, and the framework comprises three basic elements, namely, distributed energy nodes, virtual power plant aggregators and smart meters;
1) distributed energy node: the virtual power plant is formed by aggregating distributed energy resources such as a photovoltaic power station, a gas turbine, an electric automobile, an energy storage system and a commercial building through an advanced information technology and a software system, each distributed energy resource and load have the characteristic of dispersion autonomy and can be regarded as an energy node, the distributed energy resource and load are divided into 3 types, namely an energy purchasing node, an energy selling node and an idle node, wherein the idle node refers to a node which does not participate in energy transaction in the current transaction period;
2) virtual plant aggregator: the virtual power plant aggregator, namely the control center of the virtual power plant operator, provides information consultation, transaction management and wireless communication service for each distributed energy node in the virtual power plant, and consists of three parts, namely a transaction processing center, an account storage center and a transaction record storage center:
the transaction processing center is responsible for collecting transaction requests of all distributed energy nodes in the virtual power plant, performing transaction matching, and after the matching is completed, performing transaction settlement between all the distributed energy nodes by adopting encrypted digital currency;
the account storage center stores account information of each energy node, wherein the account information comprises an Identity (ID), an energy type, a tradable amount, an actual address and digital wallet address information, and each distributed energy node can obtain an energy account after joining a virtual power plant aggregator and is used for recording and managing digital assets;
the transaction record storage center backups all transaction records in the virtual power plant, and each distributed energy node can inquire and verify the transaction records at any time, so that the transaction record storage center has the characteristics of openness and transparency, and the trust cost of P2P transaction can be reduced;
3) the intelligent electric meter: in order to realize information transmission between the distributed energy nodes and the virtual power plant aggregator, each distributed energy node needs to be provided with an intelligent electric meter, and the distributed energy nodes have the functions of calculating and recording electric power transaction amount in real time, and meanwhile, can pay and collect encrypted digital currency according to transaction records of the intelligent electric meters.
3. The virtual power plant transaction management method based on the blockchain technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (2) of performing virtual power plant distributed energy node authentication comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: before the distributed energy nodes join the virtual power plant, the distributed energy nodes need to be registered in a virtual power plant aggregator, and the real identity ID, the energy type, the tradable amount and the actual address information of the distributed energy nodes are reported;
step 2.2: after auditing, a virtual power plant aggregator issues corresponding public and private key pairs and digital wallet addresses to each distributed energy node through an asymmetric encryption technology, and stores the public and private key pairs and the digital wallet addresses in an account storage center;
step 2.3: after the energy authentication is completed, each distributed energy node can select a proper energy transaction role according to the energy state of the distributed energy node and the future energy demand.
4. The virtual power plant transaction management method based on the blockchain technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the step (3) of determining the role of energy transaction, the virtual power plant aggregator performs optimal scheduling according to the energy information of each distributed energy node with the goal of maximizing the accumulated profit, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: considering the situation that a virtual power plant participates in the day-ahead power market, and aiming at the uncertainty of photovoltaic output and market electricity price, processing by adopting a stochastic programming method; the objective function of the virtual power plant optimization scheduling is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002784376140000021
wherein T is the total time period number in one day; n iss、npRespectively the number of photovoltaic scenes and the number of electricity price scenes; pi(s) and pi (p) are respectively the probabilities of the photovoltaic scene of the s-th group and the electrovalence scene of the p-th group; lambda [ alpha ]p,tThe price of electricity in the period t in the p-th group scene; gp,s,t、
Figure FDA0002784376140000022
The trading volume and the running cost of the virtual power plant in the power market at the t period under the conditions of the p-th group of power price scenes and the s-th group of photovoltaic scenes respectively;
Figure FDA0002784376140000023
is a start-stop variable of the gas turbine set; sGTThe start-stop cost of the gas turbine unit.
The operating cost of a gas turbine can be expressed as a piecewise linear function:
Figure FDA0002784376140000024
wherein a is fixed production cost;
Figure FDA0002784376140000025
is an operating variable of the gas turbine; k is a radical ofjGenerating cost slope for the j section of the gas turbine;
Figure FDA0002784376140000026
the j section output of the t time section of the gas turbine;
step 3.2: the virtual power plant is subjected to gas turbine operation constraint, energy storage system operation constraint, electric power market trading volume constraint and power balance constraint in the optimized scheduling process; the constraint is expressed as:
(1) gas turbine constraints:
Figure FDA0002784376140000031
Figure FDA0002784376140000032
Figure FDA0002784376140000033
Figure FDA0002784376140000034
Figure FDA0002784376140000035
Figure FDA0002784376140000036
Figure FDA0002784376140000037
Figure FDA0002784376140000038
Figure FDA0002784376140000039
wherein, gGT,max、gGT,minMaximum and minimum output power of the gas turbine, respectively;
Figure FDA00027843761400000310
outputting force for the gas turbine in t time period; r isU、rDThe upward and downward ramp rates of the gas turbine;
Figure FDA00027843761400000311
the upper limit of the output of the j section of the gas turbine is;
Figure FDA00027843761400000312
the upper limits of the starting and shutdown of the gas turbine operation variables are respectively; are each tsu、tsdMinimum on-off time of the gas turbine; t is tsu ,0、tsd，0Initial startup and shutdown times of the gas turbine are respectively;
(2) energy storage system constraint conditions:
Figure FDA00027843761400000313
Figure FDA00027843761400000314
Figure FDA00027843761400000315
Figure FDA00027843761400000316
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA00027843761400000317
the storage capacity of the electric energy storage system; etac、ηdThe charging and discharging efficiencies of the electric energy storage system are respectively;
Figure FDA00027843761400000318
respectively the charge and discharge amount of the electric energy storage system; ses,min、Ses,maxRespectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the storage capacity of the electric energy storage system; gesc,max、gesd,maxThe maximum charge and discharge power of the electric energy storage system is respectively;
(3) electric power market trading volume constraint condition:
Figure FDA0002784376140000041
Figure FDA0002784376140000042
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002784376140000043
the method comprises the steps of (1) purchasing and selling electric quantity of a virtual power plant in a day-ahead electric power market; pDA,max、SDA,maxThe maximum purchasing and selling electric quantity of the virtual power plant in the day-ahead electric power market is respectively;
(4) power balance constraint conditions:
Figure FDA0002784376140000044
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002784376140000045
output for renewable energy;
Figure FDA0002784376140000046
load demand in the virtual power plant.
5. The virtual power plant transaction management method based on the blockchain technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step (4) further adopts the blockchain technology to realize transaction matching between the distributed power supply and the load in the virtual power plant after the optimization scheduling in the day ahead is finished, and comprises the following steps:
step 4.1: before the transaction is matched, the energy purchasing node/the energy selling node sends the demand information to a transaction processing center of a virtual power plant aggregator, wherein the demand information comprises expected transaction electric quantity, expected transaction time and expected quotation information;
step 4.2: the virtual power plant aggregator adopts a continuous bidirectional auction mechanism to carry out transaction matching between the energy purchasing node and the energy selling node; in the matching process, after the two transaction parties submit the quotes, the quotes of the buyers are arranged from high to low, and the optimal buying price is the highest quote of the buyers; arranging the offers of the seller from low to high, wherein the optimal selling price is the lowest offer of the seller; when the optimal buying price is greater than or equal to the optimal selling price, the buyer and the seller achieve transaction matching, and the actual transaction price is the average value of the quoted prices of the buyer and the seller;
if the transaction matching can not be completed in the current round of transaction period, the buyer and the seller need to update the quote according to the equations (19) and (20) and the optimal buying price/optimal selling price until the electricity is sold out or the transaction time is cut off:
Figure FDA0002784376140000047
Figure FDA0002784376140000048
wherein p isb(t)、ps(t) a purchase offer and a sale offer, respectively; p is a radical ofcallIs an initial quote; p is a radical ofObid(t)、pOask(t) respectively the optimal purchase price and the optimal sale price in the iterative process of the tth transaction; etab、ηsThe quotation adjustment coefficients of the energy purchasing node and the energy selling node are respectively; tau isb(t)、τs(t) respectively evaluating the energy purchasing node and the energy selling node in the iterative process of the tth transaction;
after the transaction matching is completed, if the actual output of the distributed energy node is deviated from the planned output, punishment needs to be carried out on the actual output, and the punishment degree is determined by the output deviation so as to ensure the output reliability of the distributed energy node.
6. The virtual power plant transaction management method based on the blockchain technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (5) after the matching of the energy transaction is completed, the energy purchasing node transfers the energy currency to a wallet address provided by an energy selling node, and the energy selling node verifies the received energy payment information to realize the transaction settlement, comprising the following steps:
step 5.1: after transaction matching between the distributed energy nodes is completed, the energy purchasing node transfers the energy currency from a digital wallet of the energy purchasing node to a wallet address provided by the energy selling node, and signature is carried out by adopting a private key;
step 5.2: and the energy selling node downloads a public key corresponding to the energy purchasing node from the account storage center of the virtual power plant aggregator, and decrypts the received energy payment information so as to verify that the payment information comes from the corresponding energy purchasing node.
7. The virtual power plant transaction management method based on the blockchain technology in claim 1, wherein the step (6) after the settlement of the energy transaction is completed, the virtual power plant aggregator collects all transaction records in a period of time and generates a data block, and comprises the following steps:
step 6.1: the virtual power plant aggregator collects all transaction records in a period of time, a PoS consensus algorithm is adopted to complete a consensus process, a node with the highest interest in a block chain obtains block accounting rights, the interest is also called a currency day and is determined by the product of the number of tokens held by the node and holding time;
step 6.2: the distributed energy source node which obtains the accounting right broadcasts block information to other nodes of the system, and the other nodes continue to broadcast the data blocks to other nodes after auditing and signing the data blocks; each node compares the audit result with the results of other nodes and replies to the accounting node; if the other nodes reach the agreement about the block, the accounting node sends the currently audited data block to all other nodes for storage; after the above work is completed, the blocks are added to the energy block chain in time order.
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CN113469684A (en) * 2021-07-16 2021-10-01 贵州大学 Fair energy transaction mode based on alliance chain
CN113629722B (en) * 2021-08-13 2023-07-07 国网江苏省电力有限公司盐城供电分公司 Variable-frequency power equipment group load peak clipping control method
CN113629722A (en) * 2021-08-13 2021-11-09 国网江苏省电力有限公司盐城供电分公司 Load peak clipping control method for variable-frequency power equipment group
CN113743989A (en) * 2021-08-30 2021-12-03 国网青海省电力公司 Shared energy storage combined frequency modulation trading method based on block chain and decentralized trading theory
CN113743989B (en) * 2021-08-30 2023-10-13 国网青海省电力公司 Shared energy storage joint frequency modulation transaction method based on blockchain and scattered transaction theory
CN114553875B (en) * 2022-03-22 2023-06-16 暨南大学 Asset uplink system and method based on decentralization ID and prophetic machine
CN114553875A (en) * 2022-03-22 2022-05-27 暨南大学 Asset uplink system and method based on decentralized ID and prophetic machine
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CN116029825B (en) * 2022-12-29 2024-02-02 胖迪科技(深圳)有限公司 Block chain transaction method, device and system, electronic equipment and storage medium
CN116205293A (en) * 2023-03-06 2023-06-02 浙江华云信息科技有限公司 Data processing method and device based on multi-party green electricity polymerization transaction system
CN116205293B (en) * 2023-03-06 2023-08-08 浙江华云信息科技有限公司 Data processing method and device based on multi-party green electricity polymerization transaction system
CN117648710A (en) * 2024-01-30 2024-03-05 北京点聚信息技术有限公司 OFD format document authority control method
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