CN112462428B - Multi-component seismic data migration imaging method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-component seismic data migration imaging method and system. Determining a background pure wave seismic wavefield for each shot; determining the observed pure wave seismic record of each gun; determining a pure wave seismic record residual according to the observed pure wave seismic record; reversely extending the pure wave seismic record residual to obtain a pure wave back-propagation seismic wave field, solving a background pure wave seismic wave field, and calculating a gradient section of the iteration; constructing a descending direction section of the iteration based on the gradient section; obtaining a predicted pure wave seismic wave field by using the descending direction section, and extracting a predicted pure wave seismic record increment; estimating an optimization step length; updating the offset section and predicting the pure wave seismic record according to the section in the descending direction, the increment of the pure wave seismic record and the optimization step length; judging whether the current iteration meets a convergence criterion or not; if yes, outputting the offset profile at the current moment. The invention can obtain the multi-wave offset profile with high resolution, high signal to noise ratio and high amplitude fidelity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of exploration earthquakes, in particular to a multi-component seismic data migration imaging method and system.
Background
The seismic prospecting method is an important means for researching the internal structure of the earth and detecting underground resources such as petroleum, natural gas and the like by utilizing the propagation rule of seismic waves in an underground medium. The seismic waves are elastic waves, including longitudinal waves and transverse waves, and the two wave modes contain different underground medium attribute information. Due to the influence of technical level, economic benefit and other factors, the seismic exploration is mainly a longitudinal wave exploration method which only utilizes longitudinal wave information for a long time, and transverse wave information containing important application value is almost ignored. With the increasing difficulty of oil and gas exploration and the continuous improvement of the exploration technical level, the multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration technology is more and more emphasized, and the technical research and practical application of the multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration technology also make great progress. Compared with longitudinal wave exploration, the multi-wave multi-component seismic exploration technology can simultaneously utilize longitudinal wave information and transverse wave information, and the coupling between longitudinal waves and transverse waves better maintains the kinematic (travel time, path and the like) and dynamic (waveform, amplitude, phase, frequency, polarization characteristics and the like) characteristics of a seismic wave field, so that more underground medium information can be provided. Compared with longitudinal waves, transverse waves (converted waves) have higher resolution for small faults, small amplitude structures, seam holes and the like, clearer imaging can be obtained for gas cloud areas and complex thin layer structures, and transverse wave data can provide more detailed structural forms, internal deformation and other characteristics in some areas, so that the method has better reservoir depicting capability, and in addition, the method is more effective in aspects of fluid identification and description, crack distribution estimation, lithology estimation, anisotropy analysis, bright point reflection and the like, so that the precision and resolution of seismic exploration can be effectively improved by fully utilizing multi-wave multi-component seismic data, and the multi-resolution of seismic exploration can be reduced.
With the continuous improvement of the multi-wave multi-component seismic exploration technology and the rapid development of high-performance computing technology, the multi-wave multi-component seismic migration imaging method gradually changes from pre-stack time migration to pre-stack depth migration, and changes from elastic wave Kirchhoff migration based on ray theory to elastic wave reverse time migration based on wave equation. The wave equation-based elastic wave prestack depth reverse time migration can more accurately describe the propagation rule of seismic waves in an underground medium, the dynamics and kinematics information of longitudinal waves and transverse waves are more completely maintained, the imaging capability is realized for any underground complex structure, the method can simultaneously obtain the reflection coefficient information of the longitudinal waves and the converted transverse waves of the underground medium, and the method is the multi-wave multi-component seismic migration imaging method with the most development potential. However, in practice, due to factors such as incomplete seismic data, noise, limited acquisition aperture, severe medium speed change, large approximation error of an offset operator and the like, the problems of obvious acquisition footprint, low resolution, serious false image, unbalanced amplitude and the like of the elastic wave prestack depth reverse time offset section exist, and the problems have great influence on subsequent data processing and interpretation, so that the method is difficult to directly use in actual production, and the advantages of multicomponent exploration are difficult to play. For this purpose, a new multi-component seismic data prestack depth migration method and system must be established that can obtain a high quality multi-wave migration profile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-component seismic data migration imaging method and system, which can obtain a multi-wave migration profile with high resolution, high signal to noise ratio and high amplitude fidelity.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a method of multi-component seismic data migration imaging comprising:
determining multi-shot observation multi-component seismic records, an offset model and observation system parameters for offset imaging according to geological geophysical conditions of an exploration target and a work area;
for each gun, acquiring gun point coordinates of the current gun based on the determined observation system parameters, setting a source wavelet at the position of the gun point corresponding to the current gun, and solving by adopting a numerical method according to the multi-gun observation multi-component seismic record, the offset model and the observation system parameters to obtain a background pure wave seismic wave field;
for each shot of observation multi-component seismic records, performing wave mode separation on the observation multi-component seismic records by using a multi-component seismic record wave mode separation operator to obtain observation pure wave seismic records of each shot;
determining a pure wave seismic record residual according to the observed pure wave seismic record;
reversely extending the pure wave seismic record residual to obtain a pure wave counter-transmission seismic wave field, solving the background pure wave seismic wave field by utilizing a multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separation operator, and calculating a gradient section of the iteration;
Constructing a descending direction section of the iteration based on the gradient section of the iteration;
obtaining a predicted pure wave seismic wave field by utilizing the descending direction section, and extracting a predicted pure wave seismic record increment;
estimating an optimization step length;
updating an offset profile and predicting pure wave seismic records according to the descent direction profile, the pure wave seismic record increment and the optimization step length;
judging whether the current iteration meets a convergence criterion or not;
if yes, outputting an offset profile at the current moment;
if not, returning to the step of determining a pure wave seismic record residual error according to the observed pure wave seismic record.
Optionally, for each gun, acquiring the coordinates of a shot point of the current gun based on the determined observation system parameters, setting a source wavelet at the position of the corresponding shot point of the current gun, and solving by a numerical method according to the multi-gun observation multi-component seismic record, the offset model and the observation system parameters to obtain a background pure wave seismic wave field, which specifically comprises:
for each gun, acquiring gun point coordinates of the current gun based on the determined observation system parameters, setting a source wavelet at the position of the gun point corresponding to the current gun, and solving a seismic wave equation by adopting a numerical method according to the multi-gun observation multi-component seismic record, the offset model and the observation system parameters to obtain a background multi-component seismic wave field at each moment of each gun;
And obtaining a background pure wave seismic wave field of each moment of each gun based on the multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separation operator according to the background multi-component seismic wave field of each moment of each gun.
Optionally, the determining a pure wave seismic record residual according to the observed pure wave seismic record specifically includes:
setting the current iteration number i;
acquiring a predicted pure wave seismic record obtained by i-1 th iteration update;
and determining a pure wave seismic record residual error according to the observed pure wave seismic record and the predicted pure wave seismic record obtained by the i-1 th iteration update.
Optionally, the constructing the descending direction section of the present iteration based on the gradient section of the present iteration specifically includes:
based on the gradient profile of the iteration, a least square inversion algorithm is adopted to construct a descending direction profile of the iteration.
Optionally, the convergence criterion is:
wherein, releaserr is the threshold standard of iteration stop, and Releaserr selects 1.0 e-3 ，misfit i For the objective function value of the i-th iteration,misfit i-1 an objective function value d for the i-1 th iteration i Predicted multicomponent seismic recording for the ith iteration, D w A pure wave seismic record was observed for each shot.
A multi-component seismic data migration imaging system comprising:
The data acquisition module is used for determining multi-shot observation multi-component seismic records, an offset model and observation system parameters for offset imaging according to geological geophysical conditions of an exploration target and a work area;
the background pure wave seismic wave field determining module is used for obtaining shot point coordinates of a current shot based on the determined observation system parameters for each shot, setting a source wavelet at the position of the corresponding shot point of the current shot, and solving by adopting a numerical method according to the multi-shot observation multi-component seismic record, the offset model and the observation system parameters to obtain a background pure wave seismic wave field;
the observation pure wave seismic record determining module is used for carrying out wave mode separation on the observation multi-component seismic record by applying a multi-component seismic record wave mode separation operator to the observation multi-component seismic record of each shot to obtain the observation pure wave seismic record of each shot;
the pure wave seismic record residual determination module is used for determining a pure wave seismic record residual according to the observed pure wave seismic record;
the gradient profile calculation module is used for reversely extending the pure wave seismic record residual to obtain a pure wave counter-transmission seismic wave field, calculating the background pure wave seismic wave field by utilizing a multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separation operator, and calculating the gradient profile of the iteration;
The descending direction profile construction module is used for constructing the descending direction profile of the iteration based on the gradient profile of the iteration;
the predicted pure wave seismic record increment extraction module is used for obtaining a predicted pure wave seismic wave field by utilizing the descending direction section and extracting a predicted pure wave seismic record increment;
the optimization step length estimation module is used for estimating the optimization step length;
the updating module is used for updating the offset section and predicting the pure wave seismic record according to the descending direction section, the pure wave seismic record increment and the optimization step length;
the judging module is used for judging whether the current iteration meets the convergence standard or not;
the offset profile output module is used for outputting an offset profile at the current moment when the current iteration meets the convergence standard;
and the return module is used for returning 'determining a pure wave seismic record residual error according to the observed pure wave seismic record' if the current iteration does not meet the convergence standard.
Optionally, the background pure wave seismic wave field determining module specifically includes:
the background multi-component seismic wave field determining unit is used for obtaining shot point coordinates of a current shot based on the determined observation system parameters for each shot, setting a seismic source wavelet at the position of the corresponding shot point of the current shot, and solving a seismic wave equation by adopting a numerical method according to the multi-shot observation multi-component seismic record, the migration model and the observation system parameters to obtain a background multi-component seismic wave field at each moment of each shot;
The background pure wave seismic wave field determining unit is used for obtaining the background pure wave seismic wave field of each gun at each moment based on the multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separating operator according to the background multi-component seismic wave field of each gun at each moment.
Optionally, the pure wave seismic record residual determining module specifically includes:
the iteration number design unit is used for setting the current iteration number i;
the prediction pure wave seismic record determining unit is used for acquiring a prediction pure wave seismic record obtained by i-1 st iteration update;
and the pure wave seismic record residual determination unit is used for determining a pure wave seismic record residual according to the observed pure wave seismic record and the predicted pure wave seismic record obtained by the i-1 th iteration update.
Optionally, the descent direction profile construction module specifically includes:
the descent direction profile construction unit is used for constructing the descent direction profile of the iteration by adopting a least square inversion algorithm based on the gradient profile of the iteration.
Optionally, the convergence criterion is:
wherein, releaserr is the threshold standard of iteration stop, and Releaserr selects 1.0 e-3 ，misfit i For the objective function value of the i-th iteration,misfit i-1 an objective function value d for the i-1 th iteration i Predicted multicomponent seismic recording for the ith iteration, D w A pure wave seismic record was observed for each shot.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects
1) Compared with the conventional prestack depth migration, the multi-wave migration profile with high resolution, high signal to noise ratio and high amplitude fidelity can be obtained; 2) The invention introduces least square inversion into a multi-component data pre-stack depth migration imaging method, and establishes accurate multi-component wave field pre-stack depth migration and anti-migration operators by utilizing a multi-component seismic record wave mode separation operator and a multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separation operator, so that a high-quality multi-wave migration profile can be obtained, the multi-wave migration profile directly reflects multi-wave reflection coefficient information of an underground medium, the multi-wave migration profile can be directly used for subsequent data interpretation, and the accuracy of reservoir prediction and fluid identification is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of multi-component seismic data migration imaging of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a salt dome model offset velocity model: wherein fig. 2 (a) is a longitudinal wave velocity model, and fig. 2 (b) is a transverse wave velocity model;
FIG. 3 is a multi-shot stack migration profile of the salt dome model of FIG. 2: wherein, fig. 3 (a) is a longitudinal wave offset section obtained by a reverse time offset method, fig. 3 (b) is a transverse wave offset section obtained by a reverse time offset method, fig. 3 (c) is a longitudinal wave offset section obtained by the present invention, and fig. 3 (d) is a transverse wave offset section obtained by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a wavenumber spectrum corresponding to a multi-shot stacked offset profile of the salt dome model shown in FIG. 3: wherein, fig. 4 (a) is a longitudinal wave offset profile wave number spectrum obtained by a reverse time offset method, fig. 4 (b) is a transverse wave offset profile wave number spectrum obtained by a reverse time offset method, fig. 4 (c) is a longitudinal wave offset profile wave number spectrum obtained by the present invention, and fig. 4 (d) is a transverse wave offset profile wave number spectrum obtained by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a Marmousi-2 bias model provided by the invention; wherein, (a) a longitudinal wave velocity model, (b) a transverse wave velocity model, (c) a density model;
FIG. 6 is a multi-shot stack migration profile of the Marmousi-2 model shown in FIG. 5: wherein, fig. 6 (a) is a longitudinal wave offset section obtained by a reverse time offset method, fig. 6 (b) is a transverse wave offset section obtained by a reverse time offset method, fig. 6 (c) is a longitudinal wave offset section obtained by the present invention, and fig. 6 (d) is a transverse wave offset section obtained by the present invention;
Fig. 7 is an enlarged partial view of the offset section shown in fig. 6: among them, fig. 7 (a) is a longitudinal wave offset section obtained by the reverse time offset method, fig. 7 (b) is a transverse wave offset section obtained by the reverse time offset method, fig. 7 (c) is a longitudinal wave offset section obtained by the present invention, and fig. 7 (d) is a transverse wave offset section obtained by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a multi-component seismic data migration imaging method and a system, which can obtain a multi-wave migration profile with high resolution, high signal to noise ratio and high amplitude fidelity.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of multi-component seismic data migration imaging of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, a multi-component seismic data migration imaging method includes:
step 101: and determining multi-shot observation multi-component seismic records, an offset model and observation system parameters for offset imaging according to geological geophysical conditions of the exploration target and the work area.
Determining multi-gun multi-component observation seismic record D (x) for performing offset imaging observation according to geological geophysical conditions of exploration targets and work areas r ,t；x s )＝(D x ,D y ,D z ) Longitudinal wave offset velocity model v p Transverse wave offset velocity v s The system comprises a density model rho, a first anisotropic parameter model epsilon, a second anisotropic parameter model gamma, a third anisotropic parameter model delta, a construction dip angle model theta and observation system parameters; which is a kind ofIn (D) x 、D y And D z The components of the observed multi-component observation seismic record D in the x, y and z directions in a Cartesian coordinate system are respectively represented, x= (x, y, z) represents the coordinate vector of the position of the underground grid, and x s ＝(x s ,y s ,z s ) Representing the source spatial position vector, x r ＝(x r ,y r ,z r ) The spatial position vector of the detector is represented, and t represents the wave propagation time.
Step 102: for each gun, acquiring gun point coordinates of the current gun based on the determined observation system parameters, setting a source wavelet at the position of the gun point corresponding to the current gun, and solving by adopting a numerical method according to the multi-gun observation multi-component seismic record, the offset model and the observation system parameters to obtain a background pure wave seismic wave field, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1021: for each gun, acquiring gun point coordinates of the current gun based on the determined observation system parameters, setting a source wavelet at the position of the gun point corresponding to the current gun, and solving a seismic wave equation by adopting a numerical method according to the multi-gun observation multi-component seismic record, the offset model and the observation system parameters to obtain a background multi-component seismic wave field of each moment of each gun.
Step 1022: and obtaining a background pure wave seismic wave field of each moment of each gun based on the multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separation operator according to the background multi-component seismic wave field of each moment of each gun.
In step 1021, a numerical simulation of the shot background seismic wavefield is achieved by numerically solving the seismic wave equation to obtain a background multicomponent seismic wavefield at each time of the shotFurther obtaining a background multicomponent seismic wave field at each moment of the gun, thereby obtaining a background multicomponent seismic wave field corresponding to each gun; background multicomponent seismic wavefield U for each moment of each shot F Obtaining background pure wave seismic waves at each moment of each gun based on multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separation operator Field->Wherein,and->Representing respectively a background multicomponent seismic wavefield U F Components in the x, y and z directions in a cartesian coordinate system;and->Representing the longitudinal, vertical and horizontal shear wave components, respectively, corresponding to the background pure wave seismic wavefield.
The method solves the seismic wave equation based on a numerical method to realize numerical simulation of the background seismic wave field of the shot point and obtain the background multicomponent seismic wave field of each moment of the shotAnd further obtaining a background multicomponent seismic wavefield for each moment of the shot:
in the equation (1), L represents a partial derivative operator matrix, L T Representing the transpose of the partial derivative operator matrix L, C representing the elastic stiffness matrix, F (x, t; x) s )＝(F x ,F y ,F z ) Representing a source vector; the partial derivative operator matrix L is specifically:
the elastic stiffness matrix C is specifically:
C＝MC 0 M T ； (3)
in the equation (3), C 0 The method comprises the following steps:
m is specifically:
M T is the transpose of matrix M; in the equation (4), matrix C 0 Elements other than zero can be expressed specifically as:
the background multicomponent seismic wave field U for each moment of each shot F Obtaining a background pure wave seismic wave field at each moment of each gun based on a multicomponent seismic wave field wave mode separation operatorThe method comprises the following steps:
in the equation (7), F -1 {. The inverse fourier transform operator; a, a P (k,t；x s )、a SV (k,t；x s ) And a SH (k,t；x s ) Representing a longitudinal wave polarization vector, a vertical transverse wave polarization vector and a horizontal transverse wave polarization vector of the wave number domain respectively; k= (k) x ,k y ,k z ) Representing a wave vector;background multicomponent seismic system with wave number domainsA wave field; "·" represents a vector inner product operation; the longitudinal wave polarization vector, the vertical transverse wave polarization vector and the horizontal transverse wave polarization vector of the wave number domain are obtained by solving the kristolochia equation.
Step 103: and for each gun observation multi-component seismic record, performing wave mode separation on the observation multi-component seismic record by using a multi-component seismic record wave mode separation operator to obtain an observation pure wave seismic record of each gun.
In the step, for each gun observation multicomponent seismic record D, a multicomponent seismic record wave mode separation operator is applied to carry out wave mode separation on the observation multicomponent seismic record D to obtain an observation pure wave seismic record of each gunWherein (1)>And->And respectively represent observed longitudinal wave, vertical transverse wave and horizontal transverse wave seismic records. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
arranging the observation seismic record D of each gun at the corresponding detector space position according to the observation system information of each gun, taking the observation seismic record D as a boundary value condition, sampling the pure wave seismic wave field at a certain depth from the earth surface based on the determined longitudinal wave migration velocity model, transverse wave migration velocity model, density model, first anisotropic parameter model, second anisotropic parameter model, third anisotropic parameter model, construction dip angle model and observation system parameters, solving the equation (1) in an inverse time manner, performing wave mode separation on the solved multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separation operator in the step 102 at each moment to obtain the pure wave seismic wave field at each moment, and obtaining the pure wave seismic wave field at the depth Then, to record with pure wave earthquake at the depthAnd->As a boundary value condition, based on the determined longitudinal wave migration velocity model, the shear wave migration velocity model, the density model, the first anisotropic parameter model, the second anisotropic parameter model, the third anisotropic parameter model, the construction dip angle model and the observation system parameters, the corresponding pure wave seismic wave equation is solved in time to obtain the corresponding longitudinal wave seismic wave field W at each moment P And transverse wave seismic wavefield W S In which the transverse wave seismic wave field W S Specifically comprises a vertical transverse wave seismic wave field W SV And a horizontal transverse wave seismic wavefield W SH The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Sampling the obtained corresponding pure wave seismic wave field at each moment at the corresponding detector space position by using the observation system information of the gun to obtain an observation pure wave seismic recordObtaining the observation pure wave seismic record of each gun; the pure wave seismic wave equation specifically comprises a longitudinal wave seismic wave equation and a transverse wave seismic wave equation:
the longitudinal wave seismic wave equation is specifically as follows:
the transverse wave seismic wave equation is specifically as follows:
in the equation (9), W S Representing a transverse wave seismic wave field, a vertical transverse wave seismic wave field W may be taken SV And a horizontal transverse wave seismic wavefield W SH The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the equations (8) and (9), f is specifically:
in the equations (8) and (9), S P And S is S The method comprises the following steps of:
and
the observation system information of the gun is utilized to sample the obtained corresponding pure wave seismic wave field at each moment at the corresponding detector space position to obtain the observation pure wave seismic recordThe method comprises the following steps:
step 104: determining a pure wave seismic record residual according to the observed pure wave seismic record, specifically comprising:
setting the current iteration number i;
obtaining predicted pure wave seismic records obtained by i-1 th iteration update
Determining a pure wave seismic record residual error according to the observed pure wave seismic record and the predicted pure wave seismic record obtained by the i-1 th iteration updateThe calculation method is delta d i (x r ,t；x s )＝d i -D w 。
Step 105: and reversely extending the pure wave seismic record residual to obtain a pure wave counter-transmission seismic wave field, solving the background pure wave seismic wave field by utilizing a multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separation operator, and calculating the gradient profile of the iteration.
Pure wave seismic record residual errors respectively using the cannonAnd->Solving the equations (8) and (9) in an inverse time manner based on a numerical method to obtain the counter-propagating pure wave seismic wave field at each moment of the gun Specifically comprises a counter-propagating longitudinal wave seismic wave field +.>Inverse vertical transverse wave seismic wavefield +.>And a counter-propagating horizontal transverse wave seismic wavefield +.>Reading the background pure wave seismic wavefield of the cannon obtained in step 102Specifically comprises a background longitudinal wave seismic wave field->Background vertical transverse wave seismic wavefields>And background horizontal shear wave seismic wavefields +.>At the same moment, performing zero-delay cross-correlation on each component of the background pure wave seismic wave field and each component of the back-propagation pure wave seismic wave field of the gun respectively, calculating gradients, and obtaining a single gun gradient section of the gun, wherein the single gun gradient section comprises a longitudinal wave section g P (x) Vertical transverse wave section g SV (x) And horizontal transverse wave section g SH (x) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Further obtaining a single-gun gradient section corresponding to each gun; all single gun sections are overlapped according to the position information of the observation system to form a gradient section of the current iteration, namely, the gradient section of the ith iteration +.>Wherein (1)>And->Respectively represent predicted pure wave seismic records d i Corresponding longitudinal, vertical and horizontal shear wave components; />And->Representing pure wave seismic record residuals Deltad respectively i Corresponding longitudinal, vertical and horizontal shear wave components;
the zero-delay cross-correlation is respectively carried out on each component of the background pure wave seismic wave field and each component of the back-transmission pure wave seismic wave field of the cannon at the same moment, the gradient is calculated, and the single cannon gradient section of the cannon is obtained, which comprises a longitudinal wave section g in detail P (x) Vertical transverse wave section g SV (x) And horizontal transverse wave section g SH (x) The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 106: based on the gradient profile of the current iteration, the descending direction profile of the current iteration is constructed, which comprises the following steps:
based on the gradient profile of the iteration, a least square inversion algorithm is adopted to construct a descending direction profile of the iteration. Specifically, gradient profile g based on the ith iteration i (x) Obtaining the descending direction section of the ith iteration by using a least square inversion algorithmWherein (1)>Longitudinal wave descent direction profile representing the ith iteration, +.>Vertical transverse wave descent direction profile representing the ith iteration, +.>Representing the horizontal transverse wave descent direction profile of the ith iteration.
Step 107: and obtaining a predicted pure wave seismic wave field by using the descending direction section, and extracting a predicted pure wave seismic record increment.
For each gun, using the gun's observation system position information, the descent direction profile dg from the ith iteration obtained in step 105 i (x) The descending direction section of the gun at the same position is read, and the descending direction section of the gun comprises a longitudinal wave descending direction sectionVertical transverse wave descent direction section +.>And horizontal transverse wave descent direction section +.>Reading the background pure wave seismic wavefield of the cannon obtained in step 102 >Specifically comprises a background longitudinal wave seismic wave field->Background vertical transverse wave seismic wavefields>And background horizontal shear wave seismic wavefields +.>Longitudinal wave descent direction based profileAnd background longitudinal wave seismic wavefields->Solving the equation (8) based on a numerical method by using the determined longitudinal wave migration velocity model, the determined transverse wave migration velocity model, the determined density model, the determined first anisotropic parameter model, the determined second anisotropic parameter model, the determined third anisotropic parameter model, the determined dip angle model and the determined observation system parameters to realize the sequential prolongation of the predicted longitudinal wave seismic wave field of the shot point and obtain the predicted longitudinal wave seismic wave field of each moment of the shot>Based on vertical transversal wave descent direction profile +.>And background vertical transverse wave seismic wavefields +.>Using the determined longitudinal wave offset velocity model, transverse wave offset velocity model, density model, first directionThe anisotropic parameter model, the second anisotropic parameter model, the third anisotropic parameter model, the construction dip angle model and the observation system parameters are solved based on a numerical method to obtain the time-series continuation of the vertical transverse wave seismic wave field predicted by the shot point, and the predicted vertical transverse wave seismic wave field at each moment of the shot is obtained Horizontal transverse wave descent direction-based profile +.>And background horizontal shear wave seismic wavefields +.>Solving the equation (9) based on a numerical method by using the determined longitudinal wave migration velocity model, the determined transverse wave migration velocity model, the determined density model, the determined first anisotropic parameter model, the determined second anisotropic parameter model, the determined third anisotropic parameter model, the determined dip angle model and the determined observation system parameters to realize sequential prolongation of the predicted horizontal transverse wave seismic wave field of the shot point and obtain the predicted horizontal transverse wave seismic wave field of the shot at each moment>Thereby obtaining the predicted pure wave seismic wave field of each moment of the gunSampling the predicted pure wave seismic wave field of the gun to obtain the pure wave seismic record increment of the ith iteration of the gun>Further obtaining the pure wave seismic record increment of each gun in the ith iteration; wherein (1)>And->Pure wave seismic record delta d respectively representing the ith iteration i Corresponding longitudinal, vertical and horizontal shear wave components;
the section based on the longitudinal wave descending directionAnd background longitudinal wave seismic wavefields->Solving the equation (8) based on a numerical method by using the determined longitudinal wave migration velocity model, the determined transverse wave migration velocity model, the determined density model, the determined first anisotropic parameter model, the determined second anisotropic parameter model, the determined third anisotropic parameter model, the determined dip angle model and the determined observation system parameters to realize the sequential prolongation of the predicted longitudinal wave seismic wave field of the shot point and obtain the predicted longitudinal wave seismic wave field of each moment of the shot >The method specifically comprises the following steps of:
the section based on the vertical transverse wave descending directionAnd background vertical transverse wave seismic wavefields +.>Solving the equation (9) based on a numerical method by utilizing the determined longitudinal wave offset velocity model, the determined transverse wave offset velocity model, the determined density model, the determined first anisotropic parameter model, the determined second anisotropic parameter model, the determined third anisotropic parameter model, the determined dip angle model and the determined observation system parameters, so as to realize the sequential prolongation of the vertical transverse wave seismic wave field predicted by the shot point and obtain the pre-prediction of each moment of the shotMeasuring vertical transverse wave seismic wavefields>The method specifically comprises the following steps of: />
The section based on the horizontal transverse wave descending directionAnd background horizontal shear wave seismic wavefields +.>Solving the equation (9) based on a numerical method by using the determined longitudinal wave migration velocity model, the determined transverse wave migration velocity model, the determined density model, the determined first anisotropic parameter model, the determined second anisotropic parameter model, the determined third anisotropic parameter model, the determined dip angle model and the determined observation system parameters to realize sequential prolongation of the predicted horizontal transverse wave seismic wave field of the shot point and obtain the predicted horizontal transverse wave seismic wave field of the shot at each moment>The method specifically comprises the following steps of:
The predicted pure wave seismic wave field of the gun is sampled to obtain the pure wave seismic record increment of the ith iteration of the gunThe method comprises the following steps:
step 108: the optimization step size is estimated.
Step 109: and updating an offset profile and predicting the pure wave seismic record according to the descent direction profile, the pure wave seismic record increment and the optimization step length.
Specifically, the optimization step size α obtained in step 108 is used i The descent direction profile dg obtained in step 106 i Updating the offset profile m of the ith iteration i ＝m i-1 +α i dg i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the profile is offsetSpecifically includes longitudinal wave offset profile->Vertical transverse wave offset profile +.>And horizontal transverse wave offset profile->
Optimization step alpha obtained by step 108 i The multi-component seismic record delta d obtained in step 107 i Updating the predicted multicomponent seismic record d for the ith iteration i ＝d i-1 +α i δd i Wherein d 0 ＝0；
Step 110: judging whether the current iteration meets a convergence criterion, wherein the convergence criterion is as follows:
wherein, releaserr is the threshold standard of iteration stop, and Releaserr selects 1.0 e-3 ，misfit i For the objective function value of the i-th iteration,misfit i-1 is the ith to 1 st timeObjective function value, d of iteration i Predicted multicomponent seismic recording for the ith iteration, D w A pure wave seismic record was observed for each shot.
Step 111: if yes, outputting an offset profile at the current moment; i.e. if satisfied, the latest offset profile is output as the final offset profile m (x).
Step 112: if not, returning to the step of determining a pure wave seismic record residual error according to the observed pure wave seismic record. I.e. steps 104-110 are repeated until a final offset profile is obtained.
Corresponding to a multi-component seismic data migration imaging method of the present invention, the present invention also provides a multi-component seismic data migration imaging system comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for determining multi-shot observation multi-component seismic records, an offset model and observation system parameters for offset imaging according to geological geophysical conditions of the exploration target and the work area.
The background pure wave seismic wave field determining module is used for obtaining shot point coordinates of a current shot based on the determined observation system parameters for each shot, setting a source wavelet at the position of the corresponding shot point of the current shot, and solving by adopting a numerical method according to the multi-shot observation multi-component seismic record, the offset model and the observation system parameters to obtain the background pure wave seismic wave field.
The observation pure wave seismic record determining module is used for carrying out wave mode separation on the observation multi-component seismic record by applying a multi-component seismic record wave mode separation operator to the observation multi-component seismic record of each shot to obtain the observation pure wave seismic record of each shot.
And the pure wave seismic record residual determination module is used for determining a pure wave seismic record residual according to the observed pure wave seismic record.
And the gradient profile calculation module is used for reversely extending the pure wave seismic record residual to obtain a pure wave counter-transmission seismic wave field, calculating the background pure wave seismic wave field by utilizing a multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separation operator, and calculating the gradient profile of the iteration.
The descending direction profile construction module is used for constructing the descending direction profile of the iteration based on the gradient profile of the iteration.
And the predicted pure wave seismic record increment extraction module is used for obtaining a predicted pure wave seismic wave field by utilizing the descending direction section and extracting the predicted pure wave seismic record increment.
And the optimization step length estimation module is used for estimating the optimization step length.
And the updating module is used for updating the offset section and predicting the pure wave seismic record according to the descending direction section, the pure wave seismic record increment and the optimization step length.
And the judging module is used for judging whether the current iteration meets the convergence standard.
And the offset profile output module is used for outputting the offset profile at the current moment when the current iteration meets the convergence standard.
And the return module is used for returning 'determining a pure wave seismic record residual error according to the observed pure wave seismic record' if the current iteration does not meet the convergence standard.
The background pure wave seismic wave field determining module specifically comprises:
the background multi-component seismic wave field determining unit is used for obtaining shot point coordinates of a current shot based on the determined observation system parameters for each shot, setting a seismic source wavelet at the position of the corresponding shot point of the current shot, and solving a seismic wave equation by adopting a numerical method according to the multi-shot observation multi-component seismic record, the migration model and the observation system parameters to obtain a background multi-component seismic wave field at each moment of each shot;
the background pure wave seismic wave field determining unit is used for obtaining the background pure wave seismic wave field of each gun at each moment based on the multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separating operator according to the background multi-component seismic wave field of each gun at each moment.
The pure wave seismic record residual error determining module specifically comprises:
the iteration number design unit is used for setting the current iteration number i;
the prediction pure wave seismic record determining unit is used for acquiring a prediction pure wave seismic record obtained by i-1 st iteration update;
And the pure wave seismic record residual determination unit is used for determining a pure wave seismic record residual according to the observed pure wave seismic record and the predicted pure wave seismic record obtained by the i-1 th iteration update.
The descending direction profile construction module specifically includes:
the descent direction profile construction unit is used for constructing the descent direction profile of the iteration by adopting a least square inversion algorithm based on the gradient profile of the iteration.
The convergence criteria are:
wherein, releaserr is the threshold standard of iteration stop, and Releaserr selects 1.0 e-3 ，misfit i For the objective function value of the i-th iteration,misfit i-1 an objective function value d for the i-1 th iteration i Predicted multicomponent seismic recording for the ith iteration, D w A pure wave seismic record was observed for each shot.
Example 1:
fig. 2 shows a salt dome model offset velocity model, (a) a longitudinal wave velocity model, and (b) a transverse wave velocity model. 39 explosive seismic sources are arranged on the model, the seismic source wavelet is set as a Rake wavelet, the main frequency is 15 Hz, the initial seismic source points are positioned at (70 m,100 m), and the gun interval is 150m. And a middle blasting two-side receiving observation system is adopted, the single-side maximum offset is 2900m, the minimum offset is 0m, and the track spacing is 10m. FIG. 3 is a multi-shot stack migration profile of the salt dome model of FIG. 2: among them, fig. 3 (a) is a longitudinal wave offset section obtained by the reverse time offset method, fig. 3 (b) is a transverse wave offset section obtained by the reverse time offset method, fig. 3 (c) is a longitudinal wave offset section obtained by the present invention, and fig. 3 (d) is a transverse wave offset section obtained by the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the profile has a relatively noticeable noise, the resolution of the profile is low, and the amplitude is unbalanced. As can be seen from fig. 3 (c) and (d), the offset profile obtained by the present invention has high accuracy, resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, and the amplitude is well balanced, which also proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a wavenumber spectrum corresponding to a multi-shot stacked offset profile of the salt dome model shown in FIG. 3: among them, fig. 4 (a) is a longitudinal wave offset section wave number spectrum obtained by a reverse time offset method, fig. 4 (b) is a transverse wave offset section wave number spectrum obtained by a reverse time offset method, fig. 4 (c) is a longitudinal wave offset section wave number spectrum obtained by the present invention, and fig. 4 (d) is a transverse wave offset section wave number spectrum obtained by the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 4, the wave number spectrum of the offset section obtained by using the present invention contains more high wave number components, and the distribution of the different wave number components is more uniform, indirectly indicating that the multi-wave offset section obtained by using the present invention has higher quality, and the result indirectly demonstrates the effectiveness of the present invention.
Example 2:
FIG. 5 shows a Marmousi-2 migration model provided by the invention, wherein (a) a longitudinal wave velocity model, (b) a transverse wave velocity model, and (c) a density model. The model is one of the international standard models for verifying imaging effects of various migration methods. The depth of the model was 5.4km and the lateral width was 27.2km. The size of the space grid used for offset is 10m, 109 cannons are added, the initial cannon point is positioned at the position of 2.55km of the model, the cannon point is positioned at the depth of 150m, the cannon interval is 200m, the cannon is discharged in the middle, the cannon is received at two sides, each cannon is received in 501 channels, the minimum offset distance is 0m, the maximum offset distance is 2500m, the channel spacing is 10m, the recording time length is 8.0s, the time step is 1ms, and the Rake wavelet with the main frequency of 15Hz is adopted as a seismic source time function. FIG. 6 is a multi-shot stack migration profile of the Marmousi-2 model shown in FIG. 5: among them, fig. 6 (a) is a longitudinal wave offset section obtained by the reverse time offset method, fig. 6 (b) is a transverse wave offset section obtained by the reverse time offset method, fig. 6 (c) is a longitudinal wave offset section obtained by the present invention, and fig. 6 (d) is a transverse wave offset section obtained by the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 6, the imaging profile amplitude of the conventional method is severely unbalanced, and the deep profile relative amplitude is not fidelity. The imaging section obtained by the method has better effect, higher resolution and precision, better signal-to-noise ratio and better amplitude balance. Fig. 7 is an enlarged partial view of the offset section shown in fig. 6: among them, fig. 7 (a) is a longitudinal wave offset section obtained by the reverse time offset method, fig. 7 (b) is a transverse wave offset section obtained by the reverse time offset method, fig. 7 (c) is a longitudinal wave offset section obtained by the present invention, and fig. 7 (d) is a transverse wave offset section obtained by the present invention. As can be clearly seen from fig. 7, the offset profile obtained by the present invention has more obvious advantages in thin layer imaging, and furthermore, the fault is clear and the breakpoint is clear. In conclusion, the method has good feasibility and practicality in the complex geological geophysical model.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of multi-component seismic data migration imaging comprising:
step 101: determining multi-shot observation multi-component seismic records, an offset model and observation system parameters for offset imaging according to geological geophysical conditions of an exploration target and a work area;
step 102: for each gun, acquiring gun point coordinates of the current gun based on the determined observation system parameters, setting a source wavelet at the position of the gun point corresponding to the current gun, and solving by adopting a numerical method according to the multi-gun observation multi-component seismic record, the offset model and the observation system parameters to obtain a background pure wave seismic wave field;
Step 103: for each shot of observation multi-component seismic records, performing wave mode separation on the observation multi-component seismic records by using a multi-component seismic record wave mode separation operator to obtain observation pure wave seismic records of each shot;
step 104: determining a pure wave seismic record residual according to the observed pure wave seismic record;
step 105: reversely extending the pure wave seismic record residual to obtain a pure wave counter-transmission seismic wave field, solving the background pure wave seismic wave field by utilizing a multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separation operator, and calculating a gradient section of the iteration;
step 106: constructing a descending direction section of the iteration based on the gradient section of the iteration;
step 107: obtaining a predicted pure wave seismic wave field by utilizing the descending direction section, and extracting a predicted pure wave seismic record increment;
step 108: estimating an optimization step length;
step 109: updating an offset profile and a predicted pure wave seismic record according to the descent direction profile, the predicted pure wave seismic record increment and the optimization step length;
step 110: judging whether the current iteration meets a convergence criterion or not;
step 111: if yes, outputting an offset profile at the current moment;
Step 112: if not, return to step 104.
2. The method of multi-component seismic data migration imaging of claim 1, wherein step 102 comprises:
for each gun, acquiring gun point coordinates of the current gun based on the determined observation system parameters, setting a source wavelet at the position of the gun point corresponding to the current gun, and solving a seismic wave equation by adopting a numerical method according to the multi-gun observation multi-component seismic record, the offset model and the observation system parameters to obtain a background multi-component seismic wave field at each moment of each gun;
and obtaining a background pure wave seismic wave field of each moment of each gun based on the multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separation operator according to the background multi-component seismic wave field of each moment of each gun.
3. The method of multi-component seismic data migration imaging of claim 1, wherein step 104 comprises:
setting the current iteration number i;
acquiring a predicted pure wave seismic record obtained by i-1 th iteration update;
and determining a pure wave seismic record residual error according to the observed pure wave seismic record and the predicted pure wave seismic record obtained by the i-1 th iteration update.
4. The method of multi-component seismic data migration imaging of claim 1, wherein step 106 comprises:
based on the gradient profile of the iteration, a least square inversion algorithm is adopted to construct a descending direction profile of the iteration.
5. The method of multicomponent seismic data migration imaging of claim 1, wherein the convergence criteria is:
wherein, releaserr is the threshold standard of iteration stop, and Releaserr selects 1.0 e-3 ，misfit i For the objective function value of the i-th iteration,misfit i-1 an objective function value d for the i-1 th iteration i Predicted multicomponent seismic recording for the ith iteration, D w A pure wave seismic record was observed for each shot.
6. A multi-component seismic data migration imaging system, comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for determining multi-shot observation multi-component seismic records, an offset model and observation system parameters for offset imaging according to geological geophysical conditions of an exploration target and a work area;
the background pure wave seismic wave field determining module is used for obtaining shot point coordinates of a current shot based on the determined observation system parameters for each shot, setting a source wavelet at the position of the corresponding shot point of the current shot, and solving by adopting a numerical method according to the multi-shot observation multi-component seismic record, the offset model and the observation system parameters to obtain a background pure wave seismic wave field;
The observation pure wave seismic record determining module is used for carrying out wave mode separation on the observation multi-component seismic record by applying a multi-component seismic record wave mode separation operator to the observation multi-component seismic record of each shot to obtain the observation pure wave seismic record of each shot;
the pure wave seismic record residual determination module is used for determining a pure wave seismic record residual according to the observed pure wave seismic record;
the gradient profile calculation module is used for reversely extending the pure wave seismic record residual to obtain a pure wave counter-transmission seismic wave field, calculating the background pure wave seismic wave field by utilizing a multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separation operator, and calculating the gradient profile of the iteration;
the descending direction profile construction module is used for constructing the descending direction profile of the iteration based on the gradient profile of the iteration;
the predicted pure wave seismic record increment extraction module is used for obtaining a predicted pure wave seismic wave field by utilizing the descending direction section and extracting a predicted pure wave seismic record increment;
the optimization step length estimation module is used for estimating the optimization step length;
the updating module is used for updating the offset section and the predicted pure wave seismic record according to the descending direction section, the predicted pure wave seismic record increment and the optimization step length;
The judging module is used for judging whether the current iteration meets the convergence standard or not;
the offset profile output module is used for outputting an offset profile at the current moment when the current iteration meets the convergence standard;
and the return module is used for returning the pure wave seismic record residual determination module when the current iteration does not meet the convergence standard.
7. The multi-component seismic data migration imaging system of claim 6, wherein the background pure wave seismic wavefield determination module specifically comprises:
the background multi-component seismic wave field determining unit is used for obtaining shot point coordinates of a current shot based on the determined observation system parameters for each shot, setting a seismic source wavelet at the position of the corresponding shot point of the current shot, and solving a seismic wave equation by adopting a numerical method according to the multi-shot observation multi-component seismic record, the migration model and the observation system parameters to obtain a background multi-component seismic wave field at each moment of each shot;
the background pure wave seismic wave field determining unit is used for obtaining the background pure wave seismic wave field of each gun at each moment based on the multi-component seismic wave field wave mode separating operator according to the background multi-component seismic wave field of each gun at each moment.
8. The multi-component seismic data migration imaging system of claim 6, wherein the pure wave seismic record residual determination module specifically comprises:
the iteration number design unit is used for setting the current iteration number i;
the prediction pure wave seismic record determining unit is used for acquiring a prediction pure wave seismic record obtained by i-1 st iteration update;
and the pure wave seismic record residual determination unit is used for determining a pure wave seismic record residual according to the observed pure wave seismic record and the predicted pure wave seismic record obtained by the i-1 th iteration update.
9. The multi-component seismic data migration imaging system of claim 6, wherein the downturn direction profile construction module comprises:
the descent direction profile construction unit is used for constructing the descent direction profile of the iteration by adopting a least square inversion algorithm based on the gradient profile of the iteration.
10. The multi-component seismic data migration imaging system of claim 6, wherein the convergence criteria is:
wherein, releaserr is the threshold standard of iteration stop, and Releaserr selects 1.0 e-3 ，misfit i For the objective function value of the i-th iteration,misfit i-1 an objective function value d for the i-1 th iteration i Predicted multicomponent seismic recording for the ith iteration, D w A pure wave seismic record was observed for each shot.
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