CN112461380B - Pulse light phase randomness detection device and method - Google Patents
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for detecting phase randomness of pulse light, wherein the device comprises an interference module, a detection acquisition module and an analysis module, the interference module is connected with a light source to be detected, and is used for splitting an original pulse light signal with random phase sent by the light source to be detected into a plurality of light signals so as to enable the plurality of light signals to interfere to obtain an interference light signal, wherein the optical path difference delta L between any two light signals in the split plurality of light signals is nT, T is the period of the pulse light signal, and n is a natural number greater than 0; the detection acquisition module detects and acquires the interference light signal to obtain a pulse peak amplitude of the interference light signal in a preset time period; the analysis module counts the occurrence probability of each peak amplitude within the predetermined time period and generates a peak amplitude-probability curve based on the peak amplitudes and the occurrence probabilities thereof. The device and the method can detect the phase randomness of the pulse light emitted by the light source to be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of confidential communication, in particular to a device and a method for detecting the randomness of pulse light phases.
Background
In the field of Quantum secret communication, unlike a traditional secret communication system that encrypts and transmits information itself, a QKD (Quantum Key Distribution) system is a system that encrypts an information physical layer to realize secret communication, that is, encrypts a carrier carrying information in a communication process.
Taking a quantum key distribution system in an optical fiber as an example, the QKD system uses a single-photon pulse as a carrier, and encrypts the single-photon pulse itself, thereby transmitting classical binary bit information of 0 and 1. Thus, QKD systems utilize single-photon pulse transmitting and receiving devices to achieve secure communication of information physical layer encryption. In the process of quantum key distribution, any eavesdropping aiming at the key needs to measure the quantum state formed by single photon pulses, but according to the unclonable principle of quantum mechanics, any measurement can change the quantum state per se to cause high bit error rate, so that an eavesdropper can be found.
In the development process of the QKD system, people make a step-by-step exploration, and a BB84 protocol, an Ekert91 protocol, a BBM92 protocol, a decoy state protocol, a measuring Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution protocol (MDI-QKD), and the like appear in sequence. In practical engineering applications, the mainstream way of the QKD system is to implement quantum secure communication based on the decoy BB84 protocol, where the light source is an important component in the quantum secure communication QKD system. Because the preparation condition of the ideal single photon light source is immature at present, the attenuated weak coherent pulse light source is generally adopted as the light source in quantum communication. Based on the trick-state BB84 protocol, it is required that the phase of the pulsed light source is random. At present, the preparation methods of the pulse light source are divided into an internal modulation method and an external modulation method. In theory, the phase of the pulsed light source obtained in the former is random, the phase of the pulsed light source obtained in the latter is fixed, and the phase of the pulsed light source obtained in the latter can be random by adding a phase randomization module. No instrument or method for detecting the prepared result exists at present no matter which preparation method is adopted, so that the design of a method and a device for detecting the phase randomness of a pulse light source is crucial in quantum secret communication.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for detecting the phase randomness of pulse light, which are used for detecting the phase randomness of a pulse light source.
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, according to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a pulsed light phase randomness detection apparatus, including an interference module, a detection and collection module, and an analysis module, where the interference module is configured to be connected to a light source to be detected, and splits an original pulsed light signal with a random phase emitted by the light source to be detected into multiple light signals, so that the multiple light signals interfere with each other to obtain an interference light signal, where a light path difference Δ L between any two light signals in the split multiple light signals is equal to nT, T is a period of the pulsed light signal, and n is a natural number greater than 0; the detection acquisition module is configured to detect and acquire the interference light signal to obtain a pulse peak amplitude of the interference light signal within a predetermined time period; the analysis module is configured to calculate a probability of occurrence of each peak amplitude within the predetermined time period and generate a peak amplitude-probability curve based on the peak amplitudes and their probabilities of occurrence.
Preferably, the detection device further comprises a main control module configured to be connected with the detection acquisition module and the analysis module, and configured to coordinate operations of the modules to complete detection.
Preferably, the interference module is a michelson interferometer or an AMZ interferometer.
Preferably, the detection device further comprises a circulator or an isolator, and the first interface of the circulator or the isolator is configured to be connected with the light source to be detected, and the second interface of the circulator or the isolator is connected with the michelson interferometer.
Preferably, the detection device further comprises an output module connected with the main control module and configured to output or/and display the obtained peak amplitude-probability curve or detection data.
Preferably, the detection device further comprises a parameter configuration module connected with the main control module and configured to input parameters required by the detection process.
Preferably, the detection acquisition module comprises a photodetector and a data acquisition unit, wherein the photodetector is configured to detect the interference light signal to generate a corresponding electrical pulse signal; the data acquisition unit is configured to acquire an electrical pulse signal of the interference light signal to obtain a pulse peak amplitude.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pulsed light phase randomness detection method, including the steps of:
splitting an original pulse light signal with random phase sent by a light source to be detected into a plurality of light beams, and enabling the plurality of light beams to interfere to obtain an interference light signal, wherein the optical path difference Delta L of any two light beams in the split plurality of light beams is nT, T is the period of the pulse light signal, and n is a natural number greater than 0;
detecting and collecting the interference light signal to obtain a pulse peak amplitude of the interference light signal in a preset time period; and
and calculating the occurrence probability of each peak amplitude in the preset time period, and generating a peak amplitude-probability curve based on the peak amplitude and the occurrence probability thereof.
Preferably, the predetermined period of time is 10ms to 10 s.
The pulse light phase randomness detection device provided by the invention has the advantages of fewer used components, simple structure, low preparation cost and improved operation reliability; the detection process is simple and convenient to operate; the device does not need to debug a large number of parameters during initialization, so the detection efficiency is high; the invention can effectively measure the phase randomness degree of the light source to be measured by detecting the probability distribution of the pulse peak amplitude based on the distribution characteristics of the pulse peak amplitude in the phase randomness.
Drawings
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a phase randomness detection apparatus provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the structure of an interference module according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical signal according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of the structure of an interference module according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a detection acquisition module according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of a probability distribution of peak amplitudes according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of a phase randomness detection apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a phase randomness detection method according to one embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 9 is a flow chart of detection using a phase randomness detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments of the application. In the drawings, like numerals describe substantially similar components throughout the different views. Various specific embodiments of the present application are described in sufficient detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the teachings of the present application. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural, logical or electrical changes may be made to the embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a pulsed light phase randomness detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, for detecting phase randomness of pulsed light emitting phase randomness. In this embodiment, the detection device 2 at least includes a main control module 20, an interference module 21, a detection acquisition module 22 and an analysis module 23, and further includes a communication module 24 for communicating with the upper computer 3.
As a light source to be measured, the pulse laser 1 generates pulsed light 50 with a random phase, and inputs the pulsed light into the interference module 21 through the optical fiber interface. The interference module 21 in this embodiment is an unequal arm MZ (Mach-Zehnder) interferometer, abbreviated as an AMZ interferometer. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the AMZ interferometer. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical signal of the device. The interference module 21 includes a beam splitting unit 211 and a beam combining unit 212, such as a half-silvered beam splitter. An incident light path of the beam splitting unit 201 is connected to the pulse laser 1 through an interface, and splits an original pulse light 50 signal with a random phase emitted by the pulse laser 1 into a first light signal 51 and a second light signal 52. In the present embodiment, the optical path difference Δ L between the two arms of the interference module 21 is equal to nT, T is the period of the pulse optical signal, n is a natural number greater than 0, and since the optical paths of the two arms are different, the first optical signal 51 and the second optical signal 52 are transmitted through the two arms and correspond to the third optical signal 53 and the fourth optical signal 54, respectively, which interfere at the beam combining unit 212 and output the interference optical signal 55.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an interference module according to another embodiment of the invention. In the present embodiment, the interference module 21 employs a michelson interferometer, wherein in order to avoid a second beam of interference light signal generated by a beam splitting unit in the michelson interferometer from entering the pulse laser 1, a circulator 25 or an isolator is added before an input interface of the michelson interferometer.
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a detection acquisition module according to one embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the detection and collection module 22 includes a photodetector 221 and a data collection unit 222. The photodetector 221 may be a PN junction photodetector, a PIN photodetector, an Avalanche Photodiode (APD) detector, or a pull-through avalanche photodiode (RAPD) detector, etc., for converting the interference optical signal 55 into an electrical signal. The optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by the photoelectric conversion of the photodetector 221, and the electrical signal may be a voltage signal or a current signal, where the electrical signal is an electrical pulse signal corresponding to the optical pulse. The data acquisition unit 222 acquires the interference light signal with an acquisition period T2 set by the main control module 20 so as to obtain the peak amplitude of the electrical pulse. When the detection device is started to work, an initialization process is performed, in the initialization process, the data acquisition unit 222 searches for a peak position of the electrical signal, and samples are performed at the point each time after the peak position is confirmed. Finding the location of the peak can be accomplished once during system initialization.
The acquisition period T2 when the data acquisition unit 222 acquires data may adopt a system period, i.e., the pulse period T of the pulse laser 1, i.e., T2 ═ T. It may also be a small multiple of the system period, such as T2 ═ 0.1T, 0.5T, or an integer multiple, such as T2 ═ 2T, 3T, etc. After a preset time period t1, for example, any time period between 10ms and 10s, a plurality of pulse amplitudes can be obtained. The data acquisition unit 222 sends the obtained pulse amplitude values to the analysis module 23 or stores them in an internal memory (not shown in the figure). The data acquisition unit 222 is an a/D converter, and the bit width thereof may be 8, 10, 12, 16, and so on.
The analysis module 23 counts the occurrence probability of each peak amplitude in the time period t1 based on the above detection data, i.e., the peak amplitudes measured in the time period t1, and generates a probability distribution curve. When the pulsed light 50 emitted from the laser generator 1 is pulsed light with random phases, the plurality of pulses of the split pulsed light have different phases and thus have different amplitudes after interference. When a large number of different phase interferences occur over time, the resulting amplitude distribution is theoretically from 0 to the highest value, i.e. VPP, and exhibits the amplitude-probability distribution curve shown in FIG. 6. In fig. 6, the horizontal axis represents peak amplitude and the vertical axis represents distribution probability. The distribution probability of the peak amplitude is calculated according to the detected peak amplitude, and the randomness degree of the phase randomization of the pulse light emitted by the pulse laser 1 is measured through a peak amplitude distribution probability curve. For amplitude-probability curves, which are more sensitive, poor randomness will change the shape of the curve. By performing independence analysis on the amplitude-probability curve and the standard curve, the correlation degree of the amplitude-probability curve and the standard curve can be obtained. If the degree of association satisfies the independence condition, the randomness may be considered to be unsatisfactory.
In this embodiment, in order to obtain or change various parameter values in the detection device 2, such as an acquisition period, a detection curve obtained by calculation, or hope to output detection data or a detection curve, the detection device 2 further includes a communication module 24, which is connected to the upper computer 3, receives relevant parameter data from the upper computer 3, and sends the relevant parameter data to the main control module 20, or sends the detection data and the detection result in the analysis module 23 or in the memory to the upper computer 3.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, a schematic block diagram of a pulsed light phase randomness detection apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown. In the present embodiment, the difference from the embodiment shown in fig. 1 is that the present embodiment includes a user interaction module 26, which includes the functions of the parameter configuration module and the output module. The user interaction module 26 is connected to the main control module 20, and can perform parameter setting, operation mode selection, display detection results, and the like. The user interaction module 26 may include a touch screen, a liquid crystal display, a digital electronic tube, and other devices capable of displaying curves, numbers, and the like, and may further include a knob, a key, and other devices for inputting instructions or adjusting parameters.
Fig. 8 is a flow chart of a phase randomness detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method comprises the following steps:
and step S1, splitting the original pulse light emitted by the light source to be measured. The method comprises the steps of splitting an original pulse light signal emitted by a light source to be detected into a first light signal and a second light signal at least by adopting an AMZ interferometer or a Michelson interferometer, wherein the optical path difference Delta L of the first light signal and the second light signal is nT, T is the period of the pulse light signal, and n is a natural number greater than 0.
In step S2, two beams of light that have been split and passed through different optical paths interfere with each other. Two beams of light with different optical paths interfere in an AMZ interferometer or a Michelson interferometer, so that an interference light signal is obtained.
And step S3, performing photoelectric detection on the interference light signal to obtain an electric signal of the interference light signal.
In step S4, the electrical signal of the interference optical signal in the predetermined time period t1 is collected to obtain the pulse peak amplitude of the interference optical signal in the predetermined time period t 1. In order to obtain the pulse peak amplitude, when the detection device is initialized, the method further comprises a process of searching for a pulse peak value, and sampling is carried out at the position each time after the peak value position is confirmed.
In step S5, the occurrence probability of each peak amplitude in the time period t1 is counted, and a peak amplitude probability distribution curve is generated. For example, for a pulse light signal to be measured with a frequency of 100MHz, when the acquisition time period t1 is 1s, 10s can be obtained8And (4) data. If data are collected by an ADC module with the bit width of 10 bits when the data are collected, 1024 peak amplitudes can be obtained. At the 108The number of 1024 peak amplitudes is counted in the data, for example, if the number of a specific peak amplitude is 1000, the probability is 1000/108＝10-5. The probability of other peak amplitudes can be obtained in the same way. From the peak amplitudes and their probabilities, a peak amplitude probability distribution curve can be obtained, for example, as shown in fig. 6, where the horizontal axis represents 1024 peak amplitudes and the vertical axis represents their corresponding probabilities.
Fig. 9 is a flow chart of detection using a phase randomness detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Step S1a, the device connects. The laser output interface of the pulse laser 1 is connected to the fiber input interface of the detection device 2. If necessary, the upper computer 3 is connected through a communication interface.
And step S2a, acquiring parameter values required in the detection process. For example, parameters such as the data acquisition period T2, the preset time period T1 at the time of data detection may be input through the interface of the user interaction module 26. The upper computer 3 can also input parameters through a communication interface.
In step S3a, the detection device is initialized. During initialization, the pulse laser 1c outputs a pulse light signal, obtains an interference light signal through the AMZ interferometer, and the light signal detection and acquisition unit 22c detects the interference light signal to obtain an electric pulse signal and performs data acquisition at different positions to determine the position of the amplitude peak. After the peak position of the amplitude is determined, the data acquisition position is fixed.
And step S4a, detection. The pulse light signal emitted by the pulse laser 1 is split into a first light signal and a second light signal by the AMZ interferometer, and two light signals with the optical path difference nT interfere in the beam combination unit, so that an interference light signal is obtained. The optical signal detection collection unit 22c photoelectrically converts the interference optical signal and collects data at a position determined at the time of initialization to obtain a peak amplitude of each pulse.
And step S5a, judging whether the detection time reaches the preset time period t1, if so, executing step S6a, otherwise, executing step S4a and continuing the detection.
Step S6a, randomness analysis. The optical signal detection and acquisition unit 22c sends the obtained peak amplitudes to the analysis module 23, and the analysis module 23 counts the probability of each peak amplitude in the time period and generates a peak amplitude probability distribution curve.
And step S7a, outputting the detection result. In this embodiment, the analysis module 23 sends the obtained detection curve to the main control module 20, and the main control module 20 displays the detection curve on the interface of the user interaction module 26, or outputs the detection curve to the upper computer 3 through the communication interface for displaying or printing.
The device and the method for detecting the phase randomness of the pulse light have the advantages that:
(1) based on that the attenuated weak coherent light source can be adopted as a single photon source in a decoy BB84 protocol, the pulse phase randomization of the weak coherent light source is required, but the phase randomness of the weak coherent light source is not detected in the current commercial products, and the device provided by the invention can realize the detection and analysis of the phase randomness;
(2) the invention provides a quantitative analysis method for phase randomness based on the phase noise quantum random number information entropy source;
(3) the method can be applied to any product design module in the quantum information technology for randomness detection;
(4) the detection device provided by the invention can be used as an instrument and equipment for detecting and analyzing the phase randomness of the pulse light source of any product.
The above embodiments are provided only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention, and therefore, all equivalent technical solutions should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A pulsed light phase randomness detection apparatus, comprising:
the interference module is configured to be connected with a light source to be detected, split an original pulse light signal with random phase emitted by the light source to be detected into a plurality of light signals, and enable the plurality of light signals to interfere to obtain an interference light signal, wherein the optical path difference Delta L between any two light signals in the split plurality of light signals is nT, T is the period of the pulse light signal, and n is a natural number greater than 0;
a detection acquisition module configured to detect and acquire the interference light signal to obtain a pulse peak amplitude of the interference light signal within a predetermined time period; and
an analysis module configured to calculate an occurrence probability of each peak amplitude within the predetermined time period and generate a peak amplitude-probability curve based on the peak amplitudes and their occurrence probabilities;
analyzing the degree of association between the amplitude-probability curve and the standard curve;
wherein calculating the probability of occurrence of each peak amplitude within the predetermined time period comprises: and counting the number of each specific amplitude peak in a preset time period, wherein the number is the ratio of the total data quantity of the collected interference light signals.
2. The detection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a main control module configured to connect with the detection acquisition module and the analysis module for coordinating operations of the modules to complete the detection.
3. The detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the interference module is a michelson interferometer or an unequal arm MZ interferometer.
4. The detection apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a circulator or isolator configured to have a first interface connected to the light source under test and a second interface connected to the Michelson interferometer.
5. The detection device according to claim 2, further comprising an output module connected to the main control module and configured to output or/and display the obtained peak amplitude-probability curve or detection data.
6. The detection device according to claim 2, further comprising a parameter configuration module connected to the main control module and configured to input parameters required by the detection process.
7. The detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detection acquisition module comprises:
a photodetector configured to detect the interfering light signal to generate a corresponding electrical pulse signal; and
a data acquisition unit configured to acquire an electrical pulse signal of the interference light signal to obtain a pulse peak amplitude.
8. A method for detecting phase randomness of pulsed light comprises the following steps:
splitting an original pulse light signal with random phase sent by a light source to be detected into a plurality of light beams, and enabling the plurality of light beams to interfere to obtain an interference light signal, wherein the optical path difference Delta L of any two light beams in the split plurality of light beams is nT, T is the period of the pulse light signal, and n is a natural number greater than 0;
detecting and collecting the interference light signal to obtain a pulse peak amplitude of the interference light signal in a preset time period; and
calculating the occurrence probability of each peak amplitude in the preset time period, and generating a peak amplitude-probability curve based on the peak amplitude and the occurrence probability thereof;
analyzing the degree of association between the amplitude-probability curve and the standard curve;
wherein calculating the probability of occurrence of each peak amplitude within the predetermined time period comprises: and counting the number of each specific amplitude peak value in a preset time period, wherein the ratio of the number to the total data volume of the collected interference light signals is the probability of the amplitude peak value.
9. The detection method according to claim 8, wherein the predetermined period of time is 10ms to 10 s.
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