CN112460598A - Multi-section coupling system and process for garbage pyrolysis furnace and coal-fired boiler - Google Patents
Multi-section coupling system and process for garbage pyrolysis furnace and coal-fired boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN112460598A CN112460598A CN202011385965.9A CN202011385965A CN112460598A CN 112460598 A CN112460598 A CN 112460598A CN 202011385965 A CN202011385965 A CN 202011385965A CN 112460598 A CN112460598 A CN 112460598A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/22—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using combustion under pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-section coupling system and a process for a garbage pyrolysis furnace and a coal-fired boiler. A garbage pyrolysis furnace and coal-fired boiler multi-section coupling system comprises a garbage pyrolysis system, wherein the garbage pyrolysis system comprises a drying chamber and a pyrolysis furnace, a discharge port of the drying chamber is in butt joint conduction with a feed port of the pyrolysis furnace, and a pyrolysis gas outlet of the pyrolysis furnace sequentially passes through a cyclone dust collector and a two-section heat exchanger along a flow guide direction; the coal-fired boiler combustion system comprises a boiler, a pyrolysis gas burner for burning pyrolysis gas is arranged in the boiler, and a fuel inlet of the pyrolysis gas burner is communicated with a gas path outlet of the two-section heat exchanger through a fan; the steam turbine power generation system comprises a deaerator, a steam turbine and an auxiliary steam header which are sequentially connected, and a steam outlet of the auxiliary steam header is communicated with a high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet of the drying chamber. And a coal boiler is used as a second combustion chamber of the pyrolysis system to burn CO generated by pyrolysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage pyrolysis, in particular to a garbage pyrolysis furnace and coal-fired boiler coupling system and process.
Background
In recent years, with the development of the Chinese society, the urbanization process and the new rural construction pace are increasingly accelerated, the population in cities and towns is more and more developed towards intensive living, and the pollution of domestic garbage generated in daily life to the living environment is serious. The existing domestic garbage treatment modes mainly comprise the following four modes: landfill, composting, direct incineration, pyrolysis and gasification.
The landfill and composting method has the defects of large occupied area and easy secondary pollution of soil, underground water and the like. The direct incineration treatment of the garbage can achieve the purposes of volume reduction, weight reduction and harmless treatment, and can utilize the heat generated in the incineration process as resources, but the auxiliary energy sources such as electric power, fuel oil and the like are required to be added during the combustion, so that the equipment investment is huge. The high-temperature pyrolysis mainly adopts an external heating type heating method, and has the characteristics of simple equipment and low investment.
But the energy consumption of the existing garbage pyrolysis system is higher in the pyrolysis process, the waste heat generated by pyrolysis is not effectively utilized, and the yield is low. In addition, pyrolysis gas produced by pyrolysis contains a large amount of CO, has poor recycling property and is easy to generate secondary pollution to the environment, and a secondary combustion chamber is required to be arranged to combust and react the CO into CO2And the waste gas is discharged into the atmosphere after passing through tail flue gas treatment devices such as a dust removal device and a deacidification device, so that the equipment investment cost and the operation cost are increased.
Meanwhile, with the reform and adjustment of national energy structures, the annual utilization hours of coal-fired power plants of traditional energy sources are lower and lower.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-section coupling system of a garbage pyrolysis furnace and a coal-fired boiler, which is used for solving at least one technical problem.
The invention also provides a multistage coupling process of the garbage pyrolysis furnace and the coal-fired boiler, so as to solve at least one technical problem.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a multi-section coupling system of a garbage pyrolysis furnace and a coal-fired boiler, which comprises a garbage pyrolysis system, wherein the garbage pyrolysis system comprises a drying chamber and a pyrolysis furnace, a discharge hole of the drying chamber is in butt joint conduction with a feed inlet of the pyrolysis furnace, and the multi-section coupling system is characterized in that a pyrolysis gas outlet of the pyrolysis furnace sequentially passes through a cyclone dust collector and a two-section heat exchanger along a flow guide direction;
the coal-fired boiler combustion system comprises a boiler, a pyrolysis gas burner for burning pyrolysis gas is installed in the boiler, and a fuel inlet of the pyrolysis gas burner is communicated with a gas path outlet of the two-section heat exchanger through a fan;
the steam turbine power generation system comprises a deaerator, a steam turbine and an auxiliary steam header, wherein a steam outlet of the boiler is sequentially connected with the steam turbine and the auxiliary steam header, and a steam outlet of the auxiliary steam header is communicated with a high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet of the drying chamber;
the two-section heat exchanger is provided with a front section heat exchange medium guide channel and a rear section heat exchange medium guide channel of front and rear sections of different heat exchange media, the inlet of the front section heat exchange medium guide channel is communicated with the waste gas outlet of the drying chamber, and the outlet of the front section heat exchange medium guide channel is communicated with the steam inlet of the deaerator; the inlet of the rear-section heat exchange medium flow guide channel is communicated with an outlet of an air blower, the outlet of the rear-section heat exchange medium flow guide channel is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with a combustion air inlet of the pyrolysis furnace, and the other path is communicated with a combustion air inlet of the pyrolysis gas burner.
The patent obtains the garbage through optimizing and pyrolyzing and gasifyingThe pyrolysis gas is communicated to a coal-fired boiler for combustion and power generation, the coal-fired boiler is used as a secondary combustion chamber of a pyrolysis system, and CO and CH generated by garbage pyrolysis are combusted4And H2When the gas is pyrolyzed, the efficient flue gas treatment system matched with the boiler is fully used, so that the heat value of the municipal solid waste is effectively utilized, the heat efficiency of the boiler is improved, and the tail gas can reach the standard and be discharged. Flue gas generated after pyrolysis gas is combusted in the boiler is treated by an original denitration device, a dust removal device and desulfurization equipment of the boiler and then is discharged into a chimney.
The anterior segment cold source of two segmentation heat exchangers is the steam of drying chamber export, and the high temperature steam after the heating is sent into again in the oxygen-eliminating device for heating boiler feed water can improve the power plant thermal efficiency. The back section cold source of two segmentation heat exchangers is the air, and the air after the heating is sent into the pyrolysis oven on the one hand and provides the required gasification air of pyrolysis, and on the other hand provides combustion air for the combustor.
Further preferably, the steam turbine comprises a high pressure cylinder and a low pressure cylinder;
the air inlet of the high-pressure cylinder is communicated with the steam outlet of the boiler, the air outlet of the high-pressure cylinder is connected with a high-pressure exhaust pipe, the high-pressure exhaust pipe is provided with two branch pipelines, one branch pipeline is connected with the auxiliary steam header, and the other branch pipeline is connected with the low-pressure cylinder through the low-pressure air inlet pipe;
the low-pressure air cylinder is connected with a low-pressure exhaust pipe, the low-pressure exhaust pipe is sequentially connected with a condenser, a condensate pump, a low-pressure heater and the deaerator, and a water outlet of the deaerator is sequentially connected with a water feeding pump and a high-pressure heater and is communicated with a water inlet of the boiler.
Further preferably, valves are installed at the high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet, the pyrolysis gas outlet and the waste gas outlet, and temperature sensors are installed at different heights of the drying chamber and the pyrolysis furnace.
The drying and pyrolysis environment detection is convenient to realize.
Further preferably, a guide rail for butting the garbage pool and the drying chamber is mounted at the top of the drying chamber, and the guide rail is connected with a driving mechanism for driving the guide rail to move;
the guide rail is provided with a gripper for gripping garbage in the garbage pool;
the gripper comprises a lifting mechanism and a clamping mechanism arranged at the lower end of the lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is connected with the guide rail.
The garbage transfer between the garbage pool and the drying chamber is convenient to realize.
Further preferably, the drying chamber and the pyrolysis furnace are both fixed in the same housing;
the top of the shell is provided with a feeding hole, the top of the shell is hinged with a top cover, an electric telescopic rod for driving the top cover to open and close is installed on the periphery of the shell, one end of the electric telescopic rod is hinged with the shell, and the other end of the electric telescopic rod is hinged with the top cover;
a first clapboard for separating the drying chamber and the pyrolysis furnace is fixed in the shell, the first clapboard comprises a first inclined plate part, a first arc-shaped guide part and a second inclined plate part which are sequentially connected, the first inclined plate part and the second inclined plate part are inclined downwards from left to right, and a material guide gap is reserved between the right end of the first clapboard and the inner wall of the shell;
a first stirring rod is rotatably connected in the drying chamber, first material pushing plates extending radially outwards are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the first stirring rod, and the first material pushing plates are abutted against the inner wall of the first arc-shaped guide part;
the drying chamber discharging baffle, the top cover and the first partition plate are connected in sequence to form the drying chamber, the drying chamber discharging baffle comprises a straight plate part and an arc plate part, and the arc plate part and the first arc guide part form an arc structure with an upward opening and a central angle of 180 degrees;
a second partition plate is further fixed on the inner wall of the shell and comprises a third inclined plate part, a second arc-shaped guide part and a fourth inclined plate part which are sequentially connected, and the third inclined plate part and the fourth inclined plate part are inclined downwards from right to left;
a second stirring rod positioned below the first partition plate is further rotatably connected in the shell, second material pushing plates extending radially outwards are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the second stirring rod, and the second material pushing plates are abutted against the inner wall of the second arc-shaped guide part;
the inner wall of the shell is also hinged with a pyrolysis furnace discharge baffle and an electric telescopic rod for driving the pyrolysis furnace discharge baffle to rotate, and the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace discharge baffle is of an arc structure which is in butt joint with the second arc guide part to form an arc structure with a central angle of 180 degrees, wherein the central angle is upward;
the ash storage tank is enclosed by a shell, a first partition plate, a second partition plate and a pyrolysis furnace discharging baffle;
the bottom of the ash storage tank is provided with a spiral slag discharging mechanism, and the material guiding direction of the fourth inclined plate part faces to the spiral slag discharging mechanism.
The drying, pyrolysis and slag discharge of the multi-path are convenient to realize.
The garbage drying device is characterized by further comprising a controller, wherein the controller is used for controlling the first stirring rod to rotate so that garbage at the first partition plate is driven by the first stirring rod to roll, and after drying is completed in the drying chamber, the discharging baffle of the drying chamber is controlled to be opened so that the dried garbage can enter the pyrolysis furnace. Specifically, the top cover is opened, the household garbage slides into the first partition plate, and when the household garbage is guided to the first arc-shaped guide part, the controller controls the first stirring rod to start working, and the first stirring rod rotates clockwise to drive the household garbage to turn over; after the domestic garbage is dried, the controller controls the first stirring rod to rotate, at the moment, the controller controls the discharge baffle of the drying chamber to be opened, the domestic garbage enters the second partition plate under the guiding directions of the first push plate and the second inclined plate part of the first stirring rod, and the controller controls the discharge baffle of the drying chamber to be closed;
at the moment, the controller controls the second stirring rod to start working, and the second stirring rod rotates anticlockwise to drive the household garbage to turn over; gasifying and burning the domestic garbage;
after the gasification combustion sintering, the controller controls the opening of the discharging baffle of the pyrolysis furnace, and ash enters the ash storage tank and is discharged out of the shell through the spiral slag discharging mechanism.
A multi-section coupling process of a garbage pyrolysis furnace and a coal-fired boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, garbage is placed into a drying chamber from a garbage pool by a grab bucket, high-temperature and high-pressure steam at 220-230 ℃ provided by a boiler is introduced after an inlet of the drying chamber is closed, drying and preheating of the garbage are guaranteed, partial organic matters in the garbage can be converted into biological fibers, and pyrolysis efficiency of the garbage is improved;
secondly, the dried and preheated garbage enters a pyrolysis furnace for further heating and gasification, and the garbage is pyrolyzed and gasified in the pyrolysis furnace to generate mixed pyrolysis gas and ash;
step three, the pyrolysis gas at the outlet of the pyrolysis furnace is at 600-700 ℃, the pyrolysis gas is subjected to dust removal by a cyclone dust collector, enters a two-section heat exchanger for cooling, and is sent to a pyrolysis gas burner of a boiler by a fan for burning;
the front-section cold source of the two-section heat exchanger is steam at a waste gas outlet of the drying chamber, the heated high-temperature steam is fed into the deaerator again, the rear-section cold source of the two-section heat exchanger is air, and the heated air is fed into the pyrolysis furnace to provide gasification air required by pyrolysis on one hand and provide combustion-supporting air for the pyrolysis gas burner on the other hand;
after pyrolysis of the pyrolysis furnace is finished, conveying ash slag into a slag pit through slag discharging equipment at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace;
and step five, treating the flue gas of the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace in the boiler by dust removal, denitration and desulfurization equipment matched with the boiler, and then discharging the flue gas into a chimney.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) pyrolysis gas obtained by pyrolyzing and gasifying garbage is coupled with a coal-fired boiler to be combusted and generated, the coal-fired boiler is used as a secondary combustion chamber of a pyrolysis system, and CO and CH generated by pyrolyzing the garbage are combusted4And H2Constant heat decomposing gasThe efficient flue gas treatment system matched with the coal-fired boiler is fully used, so that the heat value of the municipal solid waste is effectively utilized, the heat efficiency of the boiler is improved, and the tail gas can reach the standard and be discharged.
2) The characteristic of high quality of steam of the coal-fired boiler is utilized to pre-dry and fiberize the garbage, so that the pyrolysis efficiency is improved. The air is used as a cold source of the heat exchanger, waste heat generated in the pyrolysis reaction process is fully utilized, and cascade utilization of garbage pyrolysis energy is realized.
3) The generated ash can be directly treated by the ash treatment system of the power plant in a unified way.
4) The provided system has the advantages of low investment, quick response and great economic and social benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a two-stage heat exchanger according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a drying chamber and a pyrolysis furnace in a combined state according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Wherein: the device comprises a garbage pool 1, a gripper 2, a drying chamber 3, a pyrolysis furnace 4, a cyclone dust collector 5, a two-section heat exchanger 6, an air blower 7, a fan 8, a pyrolysis gas burner 9, a pin removal device 10, a dust collector 11, a desulfurization device 12, a chimney 13, a steam turbine 14, a generator 15, a condenser 16, an ash storage tank 17, a spiral slag discharge mechanism 18, a top cover 19, a first partition plate 20, a second partition plate 21, a drying chamber discharge baffle 22, a pyrolysis furnace discharge baffle 23, a condensate pump 24, a low-pressure heater 25, a deaerator 26, a water feed pump 27, a high-pressure heater 28, an auxiliary steam header 29, a front-section heat exchange medium diversion channel 61 and a rear-section heat exchange medium diversion channel 62.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, embodiment 1: a garbage pyrolysis furnace and coal-fired boiler multi-section coupling system comprises a garbage pyrolysis system, wherein the garbage pyrolysis system comprises a drying chamber and a pyrolysis furnace, a discharge port of the drying chamber is in butt joint conduction with a feed port of the pyrolysis furnace, and a pyrolysis gas outlet of the pyrolysis furnace sequentially passes through a cyclone dust collector and a two-section heat exchanger along a flow guide direction; the coal-fired boiler combustion system comprises a boiler, a pyrolysis gas burner for burning pyrolysis gas is arranged in the boiler, and a fuel inlet of the pyrolysis gas burner is communicated with a gas path outlet of the two-section heat exchanger through a fan; the steam turbine power generation system comprises a deaerator, a steam turbine 14 and an auxiliary steam header 29 which are sequentially connected, wherein a steam outlet of the auxiliary steam header 29 is communicated with a high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet of the drying chamber; the two-section heat exchanger is provided with a front section heat exchange medium guide channel 61 and a rear section heat exchange medium guide channel 62 of front and rear sections of different heat exchange media, the inlet of the front section heat exchange medium guide channel 61 is communicated with the waste gas outlet of the drying chamber, and the outlet of the front section heat exchange medium guide channel 61 is communicated with the steam inlet of the deaerator; the inlet of the rear section heat exchange medium guide channel 62 is communicated with an outlet of a blower, the outlet of the rear section heat exchange medium guide channel 62 is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with a combustion air inlet of the pyrolysis furnace, and the other path is communicated with a combustion air inlet of the pyrolysis gas burner.
A valve is arranged on a branch of the conduction between the outlet of the rear-section heat exchange medium guide passage 62 and the combustion air inlet of the pyrolysis furnace, and a valve is arranged on a branch of the conduction between the outlet of the rear-section heat exchange medium guide passage 62 and the combustion air inlet of the pyrolysis gas burner.
This patent is through optimizing the pyrolysis gas UNICOM that obtains rubbish pyrolysis gasification to coal fired boiler combustion electricity generation, utilizes coal fired boiler as pyrolysis system second combustion chamber, CO, CH that burning rubbish pyrolysis produced4And H2When the gas is pyrolyzed, the efficient flue gas treatment system matched with the boiler is fully used, so that the heat value of the municipal solid waste is effectively utilized, the heat efficiency of the boiler is improved, and the tail gas can reach the standard and be discharged. Flue gas generated after pyrolysis gas is combusted in the boiler is treated by an original denitration device 10, a dust remover 11 and desulfurization equipment 12 of the boiler and then is discharged into a chimney 13. The boiler is connected in turn to a steam turbine 14 and a generator 15. Thereby realizing power generation.
The anterior segment cold source of two segmentation heat exchangers is the steam of drying chamber export, and the high temperature steam after the heating is sent into the oxygen-eliminating device again for heating boiler feed water can improve the power plant thermal efficiency. The back section cold source of two segmentation heat exchangers is the air, and the air after the heating is sent into the pyrolysis oven on the one hand and provides the required gasification air of pyrolysis, and on the other hand provides combustion air for the combustor.
Valves are arranged at the high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet, the pyrolysis gas outlet and the waste gas outlet, and temperature sensors are arranged at different heights of the drying chamber and the pyrolysis furnace. The valve is installed in the import and the export of anterior segment heat transfer medium water conservancy diversion passageway, the import and the export of back end heat transfer medium water conservancy diversion passageway.
The steam turbine 14 includes a high pressure cylinder and a low pressure cylinder; the air inlet of the high-pressure cylinder is communicated with the steam outlet of the boiler, the air outlet of the high-pressure cylinder is connected with the high-pressure exhaust pipe, the high-pressure exhaust pipe is provided with two branch pipelines, one branch pipeline is connected with the auxiliary steam header 29, and the other branch pipeline is connected with the low-pressure cylinder through a low-pressure air inlet pipe; the low-pressure cylinder is connected with a low-pressure exhaust pipe, the low-pressure exhaust pipe is sequentially connected with a condenser 16, a condensate pump 24, a low-pressure heater 25 and a deaerator 26, and a water outlet of the deaerator 26 is sequentially connected with a water feed pump 27 and a high-pressure heater 28 to be communicated with a water inlet of the boiler. The structure of the steam turbine is the prior art, and chinese patent with application number 201811104648.8 discloses the relevant structure, so this patent does not go into detail.
A turnover cover is arranged at the top of the drying chamber 3, and an electric telescopic rod for driving the turnover cover to open and close is arranged on the outer wall of the drying chamber 3; the flip cover is provided with a waste gas outlet. The feeding is convenient to realize.
The top of the drying chamber 3 is provided with a guide rail for butting the garbage pool 1 and the drying chamber 3, and the guide rail is connected with a driving mechanism for driving the guide rail to move; the guide rail is provided with a gripper 2 for gripping the garbage in the garbage pool 1; the gripper 2 comprises a lifting mechanism and a clamping mechanism arranged at the lower end of the lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is connected with the guide track. The garbage transfer between the garbage pool 1 and the drying chamber 3 is convenient to realize.
Further preferably, the drying chamber 3 and the pyrolysis furnace 4 are both fixed in the same housing; a first clapboard 20 for separating the drying chamber and the pyrolysis furnace is fixed in the shell, the first clapboard 20 comprises a first inclined plate part, a first arc-shaped guide part and a second inclined plate part which are sequentially connected, the first inclined plate part and the second inclined plate part are inclined downwards from left to right, and a material guide gap is reserved between the right end of the first clapboard 20 and the inner wall of the shell; a first stirring rod is rotatably connected in the drying chamber, first material pushing plates extending radially outwards are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the first stirring rod, and the first material pushing plates are abutted against the inner wall of the first arc-shaped guide part; the top of the shell is provided with a feeding hole, the top of the shell is hinged with a top cover 19, an electric telescopic rod for driving the top cover to open and close is installed on the periphery of the shell, one end of the electric telescopic rod is hinged with the shell, and the other end of the electric telescopic rod is hinged with the top cover; the drying chamber discharging baffle 22, the top cover and the first partition plate 20 are sequentially connected to form a drying chamber, the drying chamber discharging baffle 22, the top cover and the first partition plate 20 are enclosed to form the drying chamber, the drying discharging baffle comprises a straight plate part and an arc plate part, and the arc plate part and the first arc guide part are enclosed to form an arc structure with an upward opening and a central angle of 180 degrees; a second clapboard 21 is fixed on the inner wall of the shell, the second clapboard 21 comprises a third inclined plate part, a second arc-shaped guide part and a fourth inclined plate part which are sequentially connected, and the third inclined plate part and the fourth inclined plate part are inclined downwards from right to left; a second stirring rod positioned below the first partition plate 20 is also rotatably connected in the shell, second material pushing plates extending radially outwards are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the second stirring rod, and the second material pushing plates are abutted against the inner wall of the second arc-shaped guide part; the inner wall of the shell is also hinged with a pyrolysis furnace discharge baffle 23 and an electric telescopic rod for driving the pyrolysis furnace discharge baffle 23 to rotate, and the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace discharge baffle is of an arc structure which is in butt joint with the second arc guide part to form an arc structure with an upward opening and a central angle of 180 degrees; an ash storage tank 17 is also arranged in the shell, and the ash storage tank 17 is enclosed by a shell, a first clapboard 20, a second clapboard 21 and a discharging baffle of the pyrolysis furnace; the bottom of the ash storage tank is provided with a spiral deslagging mechanism 18, and the material guiding direction of the fourth inclined plate part faces to the spiral deslagging mechanism. The drying, pyrolysis and slag discharge of the multi-path are convenient to realize.
The slag discharge port of the cyclone dust separator is communicated with the box body for storing the ash slag through a material guide channel which is obliquely arranged. The discharge end of the spiral deslagging device is communicated with the box body for storing ash. The box is installed on a frame, installs the weighing sensor who is used for weighing box weight on the frame. The travelling rail is used for guiding the travelling direction of the carriage. The travel track may be 2 steel pipes arranged side by side. The rollers of the frame walk in the steel pipe.
The garbage drying device is characterized by further comprising a controller, wherein the controller is used for controlling the first stirring rod to rotate so that garbage at the first partition plate is driven by the first stirring rod to roll, and after drying is completed in the drying chamber, the discharging baffle of the drying chamber is controlled to be opened so that the dried garbage can enter the pyrolysis furnace. Specifically, the top cover is opened, the household garbage slides into the first partition plate, and when the household garbage is guided to the first arc-shaped guide part, the controller controls the first stirring rod to start working, and the first stirring rod rotates clockwise to drive the household garbage to turn over; after the domestic garbage is dried, the controller controls the first stirring rod to rotate, at the moment, the controller controls the discharge baffle of the drying chamber to be opened, the domestic garbage enters the second partition plate under the guiding directions of the first push plate and the second inclined plate part of the first stirring rod, and the controller controls the discharge baffle of the drying chamber to be closed;
at the moment, the controller controls the second stirring rod to start working, and the second stirring rod rotates anticlockwise to drive the household garbage to turn over; gasifying and burning the domestic garbage;
after the gasification combustion sintering, the controller controls the opening of the discharging baffle of the pyrolysis furnace, and ash enters the ash storage tank and is discharged out of the shell through the spiral slag discharging mechanism.
A multistage coupling process of a garbage pyrolysis furnace and a coal-fired boiler comprises the following steps:
step one, garbage is placed into a drying chamber 3 from a garbage pool 1 by a grab bucket 2, high-temperature and high-pressure steam at 220-230 ℃ provided by a boiler is introduced after an inlet of the drying chamber 3 is closed, drying and preheating of the garbage are ensured, partial organic matters in the garbage can be converted into biological fibers, and the pyrolysis efficiency of the garbage is improved;
secondly, the dried and preheated garbage enters a pyrolysis furnace 4 for further heating and gasification, and the garbage is pyrolyzed and gasified in the pyrolysis furnace 4 to generate mixed pyrolysis gas and ash;
thirdly, the pyrolysis gas at the outlet of the pyrolysis gas of the pyrolysis furnace 4 is at 600-700 ℃, the pyrolysis gas is subjected to dust removal by a cyclone dust collector 5, enters a two-section heat exchanger 6 for cooling, and is sent to a pyrolysis gas burner of a boiler for burning 9 by a fan 8;
the front-section cold source of the two-section heat exchanger 6 is steam at a waste gas outlet of the drying chamber, the heated high-temperature steam is fed into the deaerator 26 again, the rear-section cold source of the two-section heat exchanger is air, and the heated air is fed into the pyrolysis furnace to provide gasification air required by pyrolysis on one hand and provide combustion air for the pyrolysis gas burner on the other hand;
after pyrolysis of the pyrolysis furnace is finished, conveying ash slag into a slag pit through slag discharging equipment at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace;
and step five, treating the flue gas of the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace in the boiler by dust removal, denitration and desulfurization equipment matched with the boiler, and then discharging the flue gas into a chimney.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) pyrolysis gas obtained by pyrolyzing and gasifying garbage is coupled with a coal-fired boiler to be combusted and generated, the coal-fired boiler is used as a secondary combustion chamber of a pyrolysis system, and CO and CH generated by pyrolyzing the garbage are combusted4And H2When the gas is pyrolyzed, the high-efficiency flue gas treatment system matched with the coal-fired boiler is fully used, so that the heat value of the municipal solid waste is effectively utilized, the heat efficiency of the boiler is improved, and the tail gas can reach the standard and be discharged.
2) The characteristic of high quality of steam of the coal-fired boiler is utilized to pre-dry and fiberize the garbage, so that the pyrolysis efficiency is improved. The air is used as a cold source of the heat exchanger, waste heat generated in the pyrolysis reaction process is fully utilized, and cascade utilization of garbage pyrolysis energy is realized.
3) The generated ash can be directly treated by the ash treatment system of the power plant in a unified way.
4) The provided system has the advantages of low investment, quick response and great economic and social benefits.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-section coupling system of a garbage pyrolysis furnace and a coal-fired boiler comprises a garbage pyrolysis system, wherein the garbage pyrolysis system comprises a drying chamber and a pyrolysis furnace, a discharge port of the drying chamber is in butt joint conduction with a feed port of the pyrolysis furnace, and the multi-section coupling system is characterized in that a pyrolysis gas outlet of the pyrolysis furnace sequentially passes through a cyclone dust collector and a two-section heat exchanger along a flow guide direction;
the coal-fired boiler combustion system comprises a boiler, a pyrolysis gas burner for burning pyrolysis gas is installed in the boiler, and a fuel inlet of the pyrolysis gas burner is communicated with a gas path outlet of the two-section heat exchanger through a fan;
the steam turbine power generation system comprises a deaerator, a steam turbine and an auxiliary steam header, wherein a steam outlet of the boiler is sequentially connected with the steam turbine and the auxiliary steam header, and a steam outlet of the auxiliary steam header is communicated with a high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet of the drying chamber;
the two-section heat exchanger is provided with a front section heat exchange medium guide channel and a rear section heat exchange medium guide channel of front and rear sections of different heat exchange media, the inlet of the front section heat exchange medium guide channel is communicated with the waste gas outlet of the drying chamber, and the outlet of the front section heat exchange medium guide channel is communicated with the steam inlet of the deaerator; the inlet of the rear-section heat exchange medium flow guide channel is communicated with an outlet of an air blower, the outlet of the rear-section heat exchange medium flow guide channel is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with a combustion air inlet of the pyrolysis furnace, and the other path is communicated with a combustion air inlet of the pyrolysis gas burner.
2. The multi-section coupling system of the garbage pyrolysis furnace and the coal-fired boiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the steam turbine comprises a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder;
the air inlet of the high-pressure cylinder is communicated with the steam outlet of the boiler, the air outlet of the high-pressure cylinder is connected with a high-pressure exhaust pipe, the high-pressure exhaust pipe is provided with two branch pipelines, one branch pipeline is connected with the auxiliary steam header, and the other branch pipeline is connected with the low-pressure cylinder through the low-pressure air inlet pipe;
the low-pressure air cylinder is connected with a low-pressure exhaust pipe, the low-pressure exhaust pipe is sequentially connected with a condenser, a condensate pump, a low-pressure heater and the deaerator, and a water outlet of the deaerator is sequentially connected with a water feeding pump and a high-pressure heater and is communicated with a water inlet of the boiler.
3. The multi-section coupling system of the garbage pyrolysis furnace and the coal-fired boiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet, the pyrolysis gas outlet and the waste gas outlet are respectively provided with a valve, and the drying chamber and the pyrolysis furnace are respectively provided with a temperature sensor at different heights.
4. The multi-section coupling system of the garbage pyrolysis furnace and the coal-fired boiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the top of the drying chamber is provided with a guide rail for butting the garbage pool and the drying chamber, and the guide rail is connected with a driving mechanism for driving the guide rail to move;
the guide rail is provided with a gripper for gripping garbage in the garbage pool;
the gripper comprises a lifting mechanism and a clamping mechanism arranged at the lower end of the lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is connected with the guide rail.
5. The multi-section coupling system of the garbage pyrolysis furnace and the coal-fired boiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the drying chamber and the pyrolysis furnace are both fixed in the same shell;
the top of the shell is provided with a feeding hole, the top of the shell is hinged with a top cover, an electric telescopic rod for driving the top cover to open and close is installed on the periphery of the shell, one end of the electric telescopic rod is hinged with the shell, and the other end of the electric telescopic rod is hinged with the top cover;
a first clapboard for separating the drying chamber and the pyrolysis furnace is fixed in the shell, the first clapboard comprises a first inclined plate part, a first arc-shaped guide part and a second inclined plate part which are sequentially connected, the first inclined plate part and the second inclined plate part are inclined downwards from left to right, and a material guide gap is reserved between the right end of the first clapboard and the inner wall of the shell;
a first stirring rod is rotatably connected in the drying chamber, first material pushing plates extending radially outwards are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the first stirring rod, and the first material pushing plates are abutted against the inner wall of the first arc-shaped guide part;
the drying chamber discharging baffle, the top cover and the first partition plate are connected in sequence to form the drying chamber, the drying chamber discharging baffle comprises a straight plate part and an arc plate part, and the arc plate part and the first arc guide part form an arc structure with an upward opening and a central angle of 180 degrees;
a second partition plate is further fixed on the inner wall of the shell and comprises a third inclined plate part, a second arc-shaped guide part and a fourth inclined plate part which are sequentially connected, and the third inclined plate part and the fourth inclined plate part are inclined downwards from right to left;
a second stirring rod positioned below the first partition plate is further rotatably connected in the shell, second material pushing plates extending radially outwards are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the second stirring rod, and the second material pushing plates are abutted against the inner wall of the second arc-shaped guide part;
the inner wall of the shell is also hinged with a pyrolysis furnace discharge baffle and an electric telescopic rod for driving the pyrolysis furnace discharge baffle to rotate, and the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace discharge baffle is of an arc structure which is in butt joint with the second arc guide part to form an arc structure with a central angle of 180 degrees, wherein the central angle is upward;
the ash storage tank is enclosed by a shell, a first partition plate, a second partition plate and a pyrolysis furnace discharging baffle;
the bottom of the ash storage tank is provided with a spiral slag discharging mechanism, and the material guiding direction of the fourth inclined plate part faces to the spiral slag discharging mechanism.
6. The multi-section coupling system of the garbage pyrolysis furnace and the coal-fired boiler as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the garbage drying device is characterized by further comprising a controller, wherein the controller is used for controlling the first stirring rod to rotate so that garbage at the first partition plate is driven by the first stirring rod to roll, and after drying is completed in the drying chamber, the discharging baffle of the drying chamber is controlled to be opened so that the dried garbage can enter the pyrolysis furnace. Specifically, the top cover is opened, the household garbage slides into the first partition plate, and when the household garbage is guided to the first arc-shaped guide part, the controller controls the first stirring rod to start working, and the first stirring rod rotates clockwise to drive the household garbage to turn over; after the domestic garbage is dried, the controller controls the first stirring rod to rotate, at the moment, the controller controls the discharge baffle of the drying chamber to be opened, the domestic garbage enters the second partition plate under the guiding directions of the first push plate and the second inclined plate part of the first stirring rod, and the controller controls the discharge baffle of the drying chamber to be closed;
at the moment, the controller controls the second stirring rod to start working, and the second stirring rod rotates anticlockwise to drive the household garbage to turn over; gasifying and burning the domestic garbage;
after the gasification combustion sintering, the controller controls the opening of the discharging baffle of the pyrolysis furnace, and ash enters the ash storage tank and is discharged out of the shell through the spiral slag discharging mechanism.
7. A multi-section coupling process of a garbage pyrolysis furnace and a coal-fired boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, garbage is placed into a drying chamber from a garbage pool by a grab bucket, high-temperature and high-pressure steam at 220-230 ℃ provided by a boiler is introduced after an inlet of the drying chamber is closed, drying and preheating of the garbage are guaranteed, partial organic matters in the garbage can be converted into biological fibers, and pyrolysis efficiency of the garbage is improved;
secondly, the dried and preheated garbage enters a pyrolysis furnace for further heating and gasification, and the garbage is pyrolyzed and gasified in the pyrolysis furnace to generate mixed pyrolysis gas and ash;
step three, the pyrolysis gas at the outlet of the pyrolysis furnace is at 600-700 ℃, the pyrolysis gas is subjected to dust removal by a cyclone dust collector, enters a two-section heat exchanger for cooling, and is sent to a pyrolysis gas burner of a boiler by a fan for burning;
the front-section cold source of the two-section heat exchanger is steam at a waste gas outlet of the drying chamber, the heated high-temperature steam is fed into the deaerator again, the rear-section cold source of the two-section heat exchanger is air, and the heated air is fed into the pyrolysis furnace to provide gasification air required by pyrolysis on one hand and provide combustion-supporting air for the pyrolysis gas burner on the other hand;
after pyrolysis of the pyrolysis furnace is finished, conveying ash slag into a slag pit through slag discharging equipment at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace;
and step five, treating the flue gas of the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace in the boiler by dust removal, denitration and desulfurization equipment matched with the boiler, and then discharging the flue gas into a chimney.
8. The multi-stage coupling process of the garbage pyrolyzing furnace and the coal-fired boiler according to claim 7, comprising a garbage pyrolyzing system, wherein the garbage pyrolyzing system comprises a drying chamber and a pyrolyzing furnace, and a discharge hole of the drying chamber is in butt joint conduction with a feed hole of the pyrolyzing furnace; a pyrolysis gas outlet of the pyrolysis furnace sequentially passes through the cyclone dust collector and the two-section heat exchanger along the flow guide direction;
the coal-fired boiler combustion system comprises a boiler, a pyrolysis gas burner for burning pyrolysis gas is installed in the boiler, and a fuel inlet of the pyrolysis gas burner is communicated with a gas path outlet of the two-section heat exchanger through a fan;
the steam turbine power generation system comprises a deaerator, a steam turbine and an auxiliary steam header which are sequentially connected, and a steam outlet of the auxiliary steam header is communicated with a high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet of the drying chamber;
the two-section heat exchanger is provided with a front section heat exchange medium guide channel and a rear section heat exchange medium guide channel of front and rear sections of different heat exchange media, the inlet of the front section heat exchange medium guide channel is communicated with the waste gas outlet of the drying chamber, and the outlet of the front section heat exchange medium guide channel is communicated with the steam inlet of the deaerator; the inlet of the rear-section heat exchange medium flow guide channel is communicated with an outlet of an air blower, the outlet of the rear-section heat exchange medium flow guide channel is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with a combustion air inlet of the pyrolysis furnace, and the other path is communicated with a combustion air inlet of the pyrolysis gas burner.
9. The multi-stage coupling process of the garbage pyrolysis furnace and the coal-fired boiler according to claim 8, wherein the steam turbine comprises a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder;
the air inlet of the high-pressure cylinder is communicated with the steam outlet of the boiler, the air outlet of the high-pressure cylinder is connected with a high-pressure exhaust pipe, the high-pressure exhaust pipe is provided with two branch pipelines, one branch pipeline is connected with the auxiliary steam header, and the other branch pipeline is connected with the low-pressure cylinder through the low-pressure air inlet pipe;
the low-pressure air cylinder is connected with a low-pressure exhaust pipe, the low-pressure exhaust pipe is sequentially connected with a condenser, a condensate pump, a low-pressure heater and the deaerator, and a water outlet of the deaerator is sequentially connected with a water feeding pump and a high-pressure heater and is communicated with a water inlet of the boiler.
10. The multi-section coupling system of the garbage pyrolysis furnace and the coal-fired boiler as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the top of the drying chamber is provided with a guide rail for butting the garbage pool and the drying chamber, and the guide rail is connected with a driving mechanism for driving the guide rail to move;
the guide rail is provided with a gripper for gripping garbage in the garbage pool;
the gripper comprises a lifting mechanism and a clamping mechanism arranged at the lower end of the lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is connected with the guide rail.
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