CN112457640A - 一种可降解塑料铅笔笔杆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可降解塑料铅笔笔杆及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本公开公开一种可降解塑料铅笔笔杆及其制备方法,所述铅笔笔杆的的组分及各组分的质量份分别为:聚乳酸40‑50份,淀粉3‑5份,生物可降解塑料(PBAT)15‑25份,增塑剂3‑5份,填料20‑40份,扩链剂0.2‑0.4份,润滑剂0.2‑0.4份,抗氧剂0.3‑0.6份,发泡剂0.2‑0.4份,所述的发泡剂为偶氮化合物。本发明制作的可降解塑料铅笔笔杆韧性好,易卷削,成本低,笔杆结实耐用,同时所用原料主要为生物基环保材料,笔杆能够自然降解,生产过程节约大量木材资源,不会对自然环境造成伤害,对我国的环境保护有着重大意义,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本公开属于铅笔制造领域,具体涉及一种可降解塑料铅笔笔杆的制备方法。
背景技术
传统的铅笔笔杆主要是以木材为原料制成的,但是此种方法对木材的要求较高,仅有红柏、香杉、西达木、椴木和恺木等有效树种木材可以适用,不仅严重制约其应用与发展,而且容易造成资源的浪费,不符合现下对环境保护的要求。基于此,塑料笔杆代替木材笔杆得到的广泛的应用与发展,塑料笔杆不仅可以解决对木材资源的浪费,符合环境保护的要求,而且成本低,经济效益高。
但是现有的塑料笔杆,其卷削阻力大,尤其是对儿童使用的特殊场合下,卷削阻力严重不符合要求,不利于儿童的使用。本公开提供一种可降解塑料铅笔笔杆,以聚乳酸、淀粉和PBAT为主要材料,添加特定比例的助剂和填料,制备出绿色环保的可降解塑料铅笔笔杆,这种塑料笔杆结实耐用,能够自然降解,不会造成二次污染,符合当下环境保护的要求;同时采用多层共挤生产工艺,工艺步骤简单,成本低,效率高,产品质量好,笔杆的韧性好,卷削阻力小,发泡面光滑平整,泡孔均匀,大大提高了书写舒适度,具有良好的市场发展前景。
公开内容
针对现有技术的不足,本公开的目的在于提供一种可降解塑料铅笔笔杆的制备方法,解决了现有技术中铅笔笔杆卷削阻力大的问题。
本公开的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种可降解塑料铅笔笔杆,所述铅笔笔杆的的组分及各组分的质量份分别为:
其中发泡剂为偶氮化合物。
进一步地,所述的淀粉为玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉和红薯淀粉的一种或者多种组合。
进一步地,所述的增塑剂为分析纯级甘油,纯度≥99.0%。
进一步地,所述的填料为碳酸钙、钛白粉、滑石粉和高岭土的一种或者多种。
进一步地,所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸钙的一种或者多种组合。
进一步地,一种可降解塑料铅笔笔杆的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按配方称取各种原料,将称取的所述聚乳酸、所述淀粉和所述PBAT放入真空干燥箱中,在80℃条件下真空干燥24h,真空度确保在-0.3~-0.1MPa,干燥后含水率≤3%;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的干燥原料与所述的其他原料放入高混机中,转速为1400r/min,常温条件下混合5~15min,得到共混物;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的共混物放入封装袋中,常温静置24-48h;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的共混物放入双螺杆挤出机中,转速为60~70r/min,进行挤出造粒;
(5)启动铅芯挤出机挤出铅芯,将铅芯迅速引入共挤成型模具中,再启动笔杆挤出机挤出笔杆包裹住铅芯,从模具引出后再启动表皮挤出机,表皮覆盖在笔杆外层从模具中引出;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的铅笔引入冷槽内,由牵引机牵引,切断机按规定长度切断,磨光加工后即产出可降解塑料铅笔。
进一步地,所述的双螺杆挤出机的加热区温度范围在160~180℃。
本公开的有益效果:
解决了现有技术中铅笔笔杆卷削困难的问题。
具体实施方式
下面将对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本公开保护的范围。
实施例1
为了达到本发明的目的,在本发明的其中一种实施方法中提供一种可降解塑料铅笔笔杆配方及其制备方法。其笔杆配方由以下重量份的组分制成:聚乳酸40份,淀粉3份,生物可降解塑料(PBAT)15份,增塑剂3份,填料20份,扩链剂0.2份,润滑剂0.2份,抗氧剂0.3份,发泡剂0.2份,所述的发泡剂为偶氮化合物。
其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取各种原料,将称取的40份聚乳酸、3份淀粉和15份PBAT放入真空干燥箱中,在80℃条件下真空干燥24h,真空度确保在-0.3~-0.1MPa,干燥后含水率≤3%;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的干燥原料和其他助剂、填料放入高混机中,转速为1400r/min,常温条件下混合5min,得到共混物;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的共混物放入封装袋中,常温静置24h;
(4)将步骤(3)中的静置后的共混物放入双螺杆挤出机中,转速为60r/min,进行挤出造粒;
(5)启动铅芯挤出机挤出铅芯,将铅芯迅速引入共挤成型模具中,再启动笔杆挤出机挤出笔杆包裹住铅芯,从模具引出后再启动表皮挤出机,表皮覆盖在笔杆外层从模具中引出;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的铅笔引入冷槽内,由牵引机牵引,切断机按规定长度切断,磨光加工后即产出可降解塑料铅笔。
实施例2
为了达到本发明的目的,在本发明的其中一种实施方法中提供一种可降解塑料铅笔笔杆配方及其制备方法。其笔杆配方由以下重量份的组分制成:聚乳酸45份,淀粉4份,生物可降解塑料(PBAT)20份,增塑剂4份,填料30份,扩链剂0.3份,润滑剂0.3份,抗氧剂0.5份,发泡剂0.3份,所述的发泡剂为偶氮化合物。
其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取各种原料,将称取的50份聚乳酸、4份淀粉和20份PBAT放入真空干燥箱中,在90℃条件下真空干燥24h,真空度确保在-0.3~-0.1MPa,干燥后含水率≤3%;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的干燥原料和其他助剂、填料放入高混机中,转速为1400r/min,常温条件下混合10min,得到共混物;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的共混物放入封装袋中,常温静置36h;
(4)将步骤(3)中的静置后的共混物放入双螺杆挤出机中,转速为65r/min,进行挤出造粒;
(5)启动铅芯挤出机挤出铅芯,将铅芯迅速引入共挤成型模具中,再启动笔杆挤出机挤出笔杆包裹住铅芯,从模具引出后再启动表皮挤出机,表皮覆盖在笔杆外层从模具中引出;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的铅笔引入冷槽内,由牵引机牵引,切断机按规定长度切断,磨光加工后即产出可降解塑料铅笔。
实施例3
为了达到本发明的目的,在本发明的其中一种实施方法中提供一种可降解塑料铅笔笔杆配方及其制备方法。其笔杆配方由以下重量份的组分制成:聚乳酸50份,淀粉5份,生物可降解塑料(PBAT)25份,增塑剂5份,填料40份,扩链剂0.4份,润滑剂0.4份,抗氧剂0.6份,发泡剂0.4份,所述的发泡剂为偶氮化合物。
其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取各种原料,将称取的50份聚乳酸、5份淀粉和25份PBAT放入真空干燥箱中,在100℃条件下真空干燥24h,真空度确保在-0.3~-0.1MPa,干燥后含水率≤3%;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的干燥原料和其他助剂、填料放入高混机中,转速为1400r/min,常温条件下混合15min,得到共混物;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的共混物放入封装袋中,常温静置48h;
(4)将步骤(3)中的静置后的共混物放入双螺杆挤出机中,转速为70r/min,进行挤出造粒;
(5)启动铅芯挤出机挤出铅芯,将铅芯迅速引入共挤成型模具中,再启动笔杆挤出机挤出笔杆包裹住铅芯,从模具引出后再启动表皮挤出机,表皮覆盖在笔杆外层从模具中引出;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的铅笔引入冷槽内,由牵引机牵引,切断机按规定长度切断,磨光加工后即产出可降解塑料铅笔。
对比例1:去除步骤(1),其余与实施例1相同。
对比例2:去除步骤(3),其余与实施例1相同。
对上述各组制备所得的塑料笔杆进行性能检测,每组笔杆试样规格相同,每组取5个笔杆试样检测后求平均值;卷削阻力根据QB/T 1357进行测试,拉伸强度根据ISO 527检测,弯曲强度根据ISO 178检测,降解率根据GB/T 20197-2006检测,其测试结果如下表所示:
表1不同材料配方与制作方法对铅笔性能的影响
卷削难度(N) | 拉伸强度(MPa) | 弯曲强度(MPa) | 降解率(%) | |
实施例1 | 0.49 | 22.3 | 62.5 | 79.6 |
实施例2 | 0.52 | 25.6 | 64.9 | 75.3 |
实施例3 | 0.55 | 27.2 | 68.3 | 72.0 |
对比例1 | 0.64 | 22.4 | 62.1 | 82.3 |
对比例2 | 0.58 | 23.8 | 61.8 | 73.7 |
由上表可知,本发明制备的可降解塑料笔杆:卷削难度低,拉伸强度和弯曲强度高,降解快。
实施例4
其笔杆配方由以下重量份的组分制成:聚乳酸40份,生物可降解塑料(PBAT)15份,增塑剂3份,填料20份,扩链剂0.2份,润滑剂0.2份,抗氧剂0.3份,发泡剂0.2份,所述的发泡剂为偶氮化合物;
上述配方中分别加入不同重量份的的淀粉后按下述方法进行制备;
其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取各种原料,将称取的40份聚乳酸,15份PBAT和不同份数的淀粉放入真空干燥箱中,在80℃条件下真空干燥24h,真空度确保在-0.3~-0.1MPa,干燥后含水率≤3%;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的干燥原料和其他助剂、填料放入高混机中,转速为1400r/min,常温条件下混合5min,得到共混物;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的共混物放入封装袋中,常温静置24h;
(4)将步骤(3)中的静置后的共混物放入双螺杆挤出机中,转速为60r/min,进行挤出造粒;
(5)启动铅芯挤出机挤出铅芯,将铅芯迅速引入共挤成型模具中,再启动笔杆挤出机挤出笔杆包裹住铅芯,从模具引出后再启动表皮挤出机,表皮覆盖在笔杆外层从模具中引出;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的铅笔引入冷槽内,由牵引机牵引,切断机按规定长度切断,磨光加工后即产出可降解塑料铅笔。
对上述不同重量份的淀粉实验组进行性能检测,每组笔杆试样规格相同,实验结果如下表:
表2淀粉含量对笔杆性能的影响
淀粉含量 | 卷削难度(N) | 拉伸强度(MPa) | 弯曲强度(MPa) | 降解率(%) |
0份 | 0.59 | 28.1 | 67.6 | 77.4 |
2份 | 0.52 | 23.9 | 64.3 | 77.0 |
3份 | 0.47 | 22.5 | 63.8 | 77.1 |
5份 | 0.42 | 20.8 | 62.0 | 77.1 |
6份 | 0.41 | 20.3 | 60.9 | 77.2 |
由上表可知,淀粉含量与笔杆的卷削难度呈负相关,淀粉含量与拉伸强度和弯曲强度呈负相关,与降解率无明显影响。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上显示和描述了本公开的基本原理、主要特征和本公开的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本公开不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本公开的原理,在不脱离本公开精神和范围的前提下,本公开还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本公开范围。
Claims (7)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铅笔笔杆,其特征在于,所述的淀粉为玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉和红薯淀粉的一种或者多种组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种铅笔笔杆,其特征在于,所述的增塑剂为分析纯级甘油,纯度≥99.0%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种铅笔笔杆,其特征在于,所述的填料为碳酸钙、钛白粉、滑石粉和高岭土的一种或者多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种铅笔笔杆,其特征在于,所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸钙的一种或者多种组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解塑料铅笔笔杆的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按配方称取各种原料,将称取的所述聚乳酸、所述淀粉和所述PBAT放入真空干燥箱中,在80℃条件下真空干燥24h,真空度确保在-0.3~-0.1MPa,干燥后含水率≤3%;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的干燥原料与所述的其他原料放入高混机中,转速为1400r/min,常温条件下混合5~15min,得到共混物;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的共混物放入封装袋中,常温静置24-48h;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的共混物放入双螺杆挤出机中,转速为60~70r/min,进行挤出造粒;
(5)启动铅芯挤出机挤出铅芯,将铅芯迅速引入共挤成型模具中,再启动笔杆挤出机挤出笔杆包裹住铅芯,从模具引出后再启动表皮挤出机,表皮覆盖在笔杆外层从模具中引出;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的铅笔引入冷槽内,由牵引机牵引,切断机按规定长度切断,磨光加工后即产出可降解塑料铅笔。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种可降解塑料铅笔笔杆的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(4)中,双螺杆挤出机的加热区温度范围在160~180℃。
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