CN112457083A - Device and method for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN112457083A CN112457083A CN202011445423.6A CN202011445423A CN112457083A CN 112457083 A CN112457083 A CN 112457083A CN 202011445423 A CN202011445423 A CN 202011445423A CN 112457083 A CN112457083 A CN 112457083A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 8
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- YAZJAPBTUDGMKO-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium selenate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Se]([O-])(=O)=O YAZJAPBTUDGMKO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100372509 Mus musculus Vat1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 244000203593 Piper nigrum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046738 asparagus lettuce Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010169 landfilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
- C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/993—Arrangements for measuring process parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure or humidity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste, which comprises a fermentation tank buried on a ground layer, a tank cover for sealing the fermentation tank, a crushing mechanism arranged on the tank cover and extending into the fermentation tank, a ventilation mechanism arranged on the tank cover and extending into the bottom of the fermentation tank, and a temperature measuring mechanism arranged on the tank cover and extending into the fermentation tank, wherein the temperature in the fermentation tank is measured by the temperature measuring mechanism, and the amount of oxygen introduced into the fermentation tank is adjusted by the ventilation mechanism according to the temperature of the fermentation tank, so that the fermentation mode of the fermentation tank is changed. According to the device for preparing the fertilizer by fermenting the food waste, the food waste in the fermentation tank is crushed by the crushing mechanism arranged on the tank cover so as to form mixed liquid of the food waste and excrement for fermentation, the temperature in the fermentation tank is measured by the temperature measuring mechanism, and the amount of oxygen introduced into the fermentation tank is adjusted by the ventilation mechanism according to the temperature in the fermentation tank, so that the fermentation mode of the fermentation tank is changed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a device and a method for preparing a fertilizer by fermenting food waste.
Background
On the earth where people live, household garbage is generated in minutes, seconds and seconds. With the progress of human beings, particularly the improvement of living standard and living quality, the generated household garbage is increased day by day. For the dry garbage in the household garbage, the rest dry garbage can be treated in a landfill mode or an incineration mode and the like except for recycling. For the treatment of wet garbage in domestic garbage, such as food waste, China is only in the stage of digging and burying at present. Most of wet landfills adopt simple landfilling treatment modes, so that environmental management in treatment is ignored. Secondary pollution conditions such as air pollution, water source pollution and the like caused by wet garbage landfill are extremely serious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste, which aim to solve the technical problem that the existing landfill treatment of the food waste pollutes the atmosphere and water sources.
According to one aspect of the invention, the device for preparing the fertilizer by fermenting the food waste comprises a fermentation tank buried on a ground layer and used for containing the food waste and excrement, a tank cover used for sealing the fermentation tank, a crushing mechanism which is arranged on the tank cover and extends into the fermentation tank and used for crushing the food waste in the fermentation tank so as to enable the food waste and the excrement to form a mixed liquid, a ventilation mechanism which is arranged on the tank cover and extends into the bottom of the fermentation tank and used for introducing oxygen into the bottom of the fermentation tank, and a temperature measuring mechanism which is arranged on the tank cover and extends into the fermentation tank, wherein the temperature in the fermentation tank is measured by the temperature measuring mechanism, and then the amount of the oxygen introduced into the fermentation tank is adjusted by the ventilation mechanism according to the temperature of the fermentation tank, so that the fermentation mode of the fermentation tank is changed.
Furthermore, the crushing mechanism comprises a rotating motor arranged on the tank cover, a rotating shaft connected with an output shaft of the rotating motor and extending into the fermentation tank, and a crushing blade arranged on the rotating shaft.
Further, the ventilation mechanism comprises a ventilation pipeline which is arranged on the tank cover and extends into the bottom of the fermentation tank and an air inlet valve which is arranged on the ventilation pipeline, and oxygen is sent into different areas of the bottom of the fermentation tank through the ventilation pipelines.
Furthermore, a solar heating mechanism is arranged on the pool cover.
Further, the solar heating mechanism includes a double-layer vacuum glass plate installed on the tank cover, and an absorption coating layer for absorbing radiant heat is coated on an inner wall surface of the double-layer vacuum glass plate, thereby increasing the temperature in the fermentation tank.
Furthermore, a shading mechanism for adjusting the light receiving area of the double-layer vacuum glass plate is arranged on the tank cover.
Furthermore, the shading mechanism comprises a rotating motor arranged on the pool cover and a shading plate connected with an output shaft of the rotating motor, and the shading plate is driven by the rotating motor to horizontally rotate to the upper part of the double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the light receiving area of the double-layer vacuum glass plate is changed.
Furthermore, a waterproof layer is arranged on the outer wall surface of the fermentation tank.
Furthermore, the outer wall surface of the fermentation tank is provided with a heat-insulating layer.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste, the method using the above apparatus for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste, comprising the following steps: placing the food waste in a fermentation tank, sealing a tank cover on the fermentation tank in a sealing manner, and starting a crushing mechanism to crush the food waste; opening the tank cover again, and placing excrement which is 10-50% of the weight of the raw materials into the fermentation tank to form mixed liquid; adjusting the water content of the mixed solution to 45% -48%, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 7.3-7.8; controlling the ventilation mechanism to be in a closed state, and enabling the fermentation tank to be in an anaerobic fermentation mode; after 2-3 days of anaerobic fermentation, when the temperature of the mixed liquid measured by the temperature measuring mechanism is raised to above 65 ℃, starting the ventilation mechanism to supply air and oxygen, entering an aerobic fermentation mode, after 18-24 hours of ventilation, closing the ventilation mechanism, and repeating the anaerobic fermentation mode and the aerobic fermentation mode for 2 times to obtain the fermented fertilizer.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a device for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste, which comprises a crushing mechanism arranged on a tank cover, wherein the crushing mechanism is used for crushing the food waste in a fermentation tank, so that the food waste and excrement form a mixed liquid for fermentation, a temperature measuring mechanism is used for measuring the temperature in the fermentation tank, a ventilation mechanism is used for regulating the amount of oxygen introduced into the fermentation tank according to the temperature in the fermentation tank, so that the fermentation mode of the fermentation tank is changed, the ventilation mechanism is controlled to be in a closed state firstly, the fermentation tank is subjected to an anaerobic fermentation mode, after the anaerobic fermentation lasts for two to three days, and when the temperature measuring mechanism measures that the temperature of the mixed liquid is increased to over 65 ℃, the ventilation mechanism is started to supply air and supply oxygen, the aerobic fermentation mode is carried out, after the ventilation lasts for 18 to 24 hours, the ventilation mechanism is closed, and after the.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration view of an apparatus for preparing fertilizer by fermentation of food waste according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a solar heating mechanism according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. a fermentation tank; 2. a pool cover; 3. a crushing mechanism; 4. a temperature measuring mechanism; 5. a ventilation mechanism; 6. a solar heating mechanism; 7. a light-shielding mechanism; 8. a waterproof layer; 9. and (7) an insulating layer.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration view of an apparatus for preparing fertilizer by fermentation of food waste according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a solar heating mechanism according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste of the present embodiment includes a fermentation tank 1 buried on a ground floor for containing food waste and feces, a tank cover 2 sealed and closed on the fermentation tank 1, a crushing mechanism 3 mounted on the tank cover 2 and extending into the fermentation tank 1 for crushing the food waste in the fermentation tank 1 to form a mixed liquid of the food waste and the feces, a ventilation mechanism 5 mounted on the tank cover 2 and extending into the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 for introducing oxygen into the bottom of the fermentation tank 1, and a temperature measuring mechanism 4 mounted on the tank cover 2 and extending into the fermentation tank 1, wherein the temperature in the fermentation tank 1 is measured by the temperature measuring mechanism 4, and then the amount of oxygen introduced into the fermentation tank 1 is adjusted according to the temperature of the fermentation tank 1 through the ventilation mechanism 5, so that the fermentation mode of the fermentation tank 1 is changed. In this embodiment, the temperature measuring mechanism 4 includes a telescopic rod installed on the tank cover 2 and used for extending and retracting along the depth direction of the fermentation tank 1, a temperature measuring probe installed on the movable end of the telescopic rod, and a temperature display installed on the fixed end of the telescopic rod and connected with the temperature measuring probe.
As shown in figure 1, the device for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste of the invention crushes the food waste in the fermentation tank 1 through the crushing mechanism 3 arranged on the tank cover 2, so that the food waste and excrement form a mixed liquid for fermentation, measures the temperature in the fermentation tank 1 through the temperature measuring mechanism 4, further adjusts the oxygen amount introduced into the fermentation tank 1 according to the temperature in the fermentation tank 1 through the ventilation mechanism 5, thereby changing the fermentation mode of the fermentation tank 1, firstly controls the ventilation mechanism 5 to be in a closed state, so that the fermentation tank 1 is in an anaerobic fermentation mode, after the anaerobic fermentation lasts for two to three days, the temperature measuring mechanism 4 measures the temperature of the mixed liquid to be higher than 65 ℃, then opens the ventilation mechanism 5 to supply air and supply oxygen, carries out an aerobic fermentation mode, closes the ventilation mechanism 5 after the ventilation is carried out for 18 to 24 hours, and after the anaerobic fermentation and the aerobic fermentation are repeated twice, thereby obtaining the fermented waste material.
As shown in fig. 1, the crushing mechanism 3 includes a rotating motor mounted on the tank cover 2, a rotating shaft connected to an output shaft of the rotating motor and extending into the fermentation tank 1, and a crushing blade mounted on the rotating shaft. In this embodiment, the plurality of sets of crushing blades are arranged along the axial direction of the rotating shaft.
As shown in fig. 1, the ventilation mechanism 5 includes a ventilation duct installed on the tank cover 2 and extending into the bottom of the fermentation tank 1, and an intake valve installed on the ventilation duct, and sends oxygen to different areas of the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 through a plurality of ventilation ducts. Optionally, the bottom of fermentation vat 1 is equipped with the air supply chamber, is equipped with a plurality of ventilation holes on the air supply chamber, and the air outlet of air pipe is located the air supply intracavity.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pool cover 2 is provided with a solar heating mechanism 6. The mixed liquid in the fermentation tank 1 is heated by the solar heating mechanism 6 to improve the fermentation speed. The solar heating means 6 includes a double-layer vacuum glass plate mounted on the cover 2, and an absorption coating layer for absorbing radiant heat is coated on an inner wall surface of the double-layer vacuum glass plate, thereby increasing the temperature in the fermentation tank 1. Optionally, the absorptive coating is copper oxide, black copper, black zinc, black nickel, or the like. And a shading mechanism 7 for adjusting the light receiving area of the double-layer vacuum glass plate is arranged on the tank cover 2. The shading mechanism 7 comprises a rotating motor arranged on the pool cover 2 and a shading plate connected with an output shaft of the rotating motor, and the shading plate is driven by the rotating motor to horizontally rotate to the upper part of the double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the light receiving area of the double-layer vacuum glass plate is changed. The light-receiving area of the double-layer vacuum glass plate is adjusted by controlling the shading mechanism 7 according to the temperature in the fermentation tank 1, so that the fermentation failure caused by overhigh temperature in the fermentation tank 1 is avoided, and the too low fermentation speed caused by overlow temperature in the fermentation tank 1 is avoided. Optionally, an electric heating pipe is embedded in the wall body of the fermentation tank 1.
As shown in FIG. 1, a waterproof layer 8 is provided on the outer wall surface of the fermentation tank 1. Optionally, the waterproof layer 8 is waterproof glue coated on the outer wall surface of the fermentation tank 1. Optionally, the waterproof layer 8 is a waterproof cloth wrapped on the outer wall surface of the fermentation tank 1. The outer wall surface of the fermentation tank 1 is provided with a heat preservation layer 9. Optionally, the heat insulation layer 9 is made of heat insulation materials such as rock wool, glass wool and/or polyurethane, which are wrapped on the outer wall surface of the fermentation tank 1.
The method for preparing the fertilizer by fermenting the food waste comprises the following steps of: placing the food waste into a fermentation tank 1, covering a tank cover 2 on the fermentation tank 1 in a sealing manner, and starting a crushing mechanism 3 to crush the food waste; the tank cover 2 is opened again, and excrement which is 10 to 50 percent of the weight of the raw materials is placed in the fermentation tank 1 to form mixed liquid; adjusting the water content of the mixed solution to 45% -48%, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 7.3-7.8; controlling the ventilation mechanism 5 to be in a closed state, and enabling the fermentation tank 1 to perform an anaerobic fermentation mode; after 2-3 days of anaerobic fermentation, when the temperature of the mixed liquid measured by the temperature measuring mechanism 4 is raised to above 65 ℃, starting the ventilation mechanism 5 to supply air and oxygen, entering an aerobic fermentation mode, after 18-24 hours of ventilation, closing the ventilation mechanism 5, and repeating the anaerobic fermentation mode and the aerobic fermentation mode for 2 times to obtain the fermented fertilizer.
The method for preparing the fertilizer by fermenting the food waste comprises the following steps: (1) placing the food waste into a fermentation tank 1, covering a tank cover 2 on the fermentation tank 1 in a sealing manner, and starting a crushing mechanism 3 to crush the food waste; the food waste comprises straw, perishable vegetables and fruits. Perishable vegetables and fruits including the stems and leaves of the vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, asparagus lettuce, cabbage and the like which are easy to rot, and the waste fruits and the peels such as apples, bananas, oranges, pears and the like which are easy to rot. The straw comprises pepper straw and tomato straw. Further, crushing to a length and a width of less than 5 cm. In principle, the smaller the size of the food waste, the easier it is to ferment, but the higher the degree of fragmentation, the higher the cost. Thus, the present invention breaks down to a size of less than 5 cm. (2) The tank cover 2 is opened again, and excrement which is 10 to 50 percent of the weight of the raw materials is placed in the fermentation tank 1 to form mixed liquid; the excrement is human and animal excrement, including human excrement, cow excrement, sheep excrement, chicken excrement, etc. Furthermore, the water content is adjusted to be 45-48% in the step, the water content is too low, fermentation is not facilitated, the water content is too high, the drying time of subsequent fertilizers is too long, and the fertilizer discharging efficiency is low. Further, adding potassium selenate which is 0.005-0.008% of the total weight of the mixed solution into the mixed solution to obtain the selenium-containing mixed solution. The content of selenium in the fertilizer can be improved by adding a certain amount of potassium selenate into the mixed solution, so that the content of selenium in crops or crop fruits is improved, and selenium-rich agricultural products can be obtained. Further, the reservoir may be sealed. (3) Adjusting the pH value of the mixed liquid in the fermentation tank 1 to 7.3-7.8, sealing the fermentation tank 1, keeping the ventilation mechanism 5 in a closed state, and performing anaerobic fermentation on the mixed liquid; after 2 days of anaerobic fermentation, when the temperature of the mixed liquid measured by the temperature measuring mechanism 4 is raised to above 65 ℃, the ventilation mechanism 5 is started to supply air and oxygen to the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 (culture strains while supplying oxygen), after 24 hours of ventilation, the ventilation pipeline is closed, and the anaerobic fermentation and the air supply and oxygen supply are repeated for 2 times to obtain the fermented fertilizer. Furthermore, the solar heating mechanism 6 absorbs radiant heat, so that the fermentation tank 1 is heated up at an accelerated speed under the sealed condition, the fermentation speed is accelerated, and the fermentation efficiency is improved. The fertilizer fermented in the step (3) can be directly used. In the step (3), the temperature of the organic fertilizer is increased in the anaerobic fermentation process, so that sterilization and disinfection can be realized, but the temperature cannot be too high, otherwise, flora is killed, and further fermentation cannot be realized, so that after the temperature is increased to a certain degree, oxygen supply, temperature reduction and strain cultivation are required, and the subsequent fermentation is facilitated. An ultraviolet germicidal lamp is arranged on the inner wall surface of the pool cover 2. (4) And (4) drying or baking the fertilizer fermented in the step (3) in the sun to obtain the dry fertilizer, wherein the dry fertilizer can be used by being mixed with water. Furthermore, the marsh gas generated in the fermentation tank 1 can be introduced into the tank for utilization. Furthermore, earthworm seedlings are put into the dry fertilizer to raise earthworms, earthworm feces produced by the earthworms are excellent fertilizers, and finished earthworms can be used for feeding chickens, ducks and geese to obtain the fertilizer after the earthworms are raised.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste, which is characterized in that,
comprises a fermentation tank (1) buried on a ground layer and used for containing food waste and excrement, a tank cover (2) sealed and closed on the fermentation tank (1), a crushing mechanism (3) which is arranged on the tank cover (2) and extends into the fermentation tank (1) and used for crushing the food waste in the fermentation tank (1) so as to enable the food waste and the excrement to form mixed liquid, a ventilation mechanism (5) which is arranged on the tank cover (2) and extends into the bottom of the fermentation tank (1) and used for introducing oxygen into the bottom of the fermentation tank (1) and a temperature measuring mechanism (4) which is arranged on the tank cover (2) and extends into the fermentation tank (1),
the temperature in the fermentation tank (1) is measured by the temperature measuring mechanism (4), and then the amount of oxygen introduced into the fermentation tank (1) is adjusted by the ventilation mechanism (5) according to the temperature of the fermentation tank (1), so that the fermentation mode of the fermentation tank (1) is changed.
2. The apparatus for preparing fertilizer by fermentation of food waste according to claim 1,
the crushing mechanism (3) comprises a rotating motor arranged on the tank cover (2), a rotating shaft connected with an output shaft of the rotating motor and extending into the fermentation tank (1), and a crushing blade arranged on the rotating shaft.
3. The apparatus for preparing fertilizer by fermentation of food waste according to claim 1,
the ventilation mechanism (5) comprises a ventilation pipeline which is arranged on the tank cover (2) and extends into the bottom of the fermentation tank (1) and an air inlet valve which is arranged on the ventilation pipeline, and oxygen is sent into different areas at the bottom of the fermentation tank (1) through a plurality of ventilation pipelines.
4. The apparatus for preparing fertilizer by fermentation of food waste according to claim 1,
the pool cover (2) is provided with a solar heating mechanism (6).
5. The apparatus for preparing fertilizer by fermentation of food waste according to claim 4,
the solar heating mechanism (6) comprises a double-layer vacuum glass plate arranged on the tank cover (2), and an absorption coating for absorbing radiant heat is coated on the inner wall surface of the double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the temperature in the fermentation tank (1) is increased.
6. The apparatus for preparing fertilizer by fermentation of food waste according to claim 5,
and a shading mechanism (7) for adjusting the light receiving area of the double-layer vacuum glass plate is arranged on the tank cover (2).
7. The apparatus for preparing fertilizer by fermentation of food waste according to claim 6,
the shading mechanism (7) comprises a rotating motor arranged on the pool cover (2) and a shading plate connected with an output shaft of the rotating motor, and the shading plate is driven by the rotating motor to horizontally rotate to the upper part of the double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the light receiving area of the double-layer vacuum glass plate is changed.
8. The apparatus for preparing fertilizer by fermentation of food waste according to claim 1,
the outer wall surface of the fermentation tank (1) is provided with a waterproof layer (8).
9. The apparatus for preparing fertilizer by fermentation of food waste according to claim 1,
the outer wall surface of the fermentation tank (1) is provided with a heat-insulating layer (9).
10. A method for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste, which is characterized in that the device for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste according to any one of claims 1-9 is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
placing the food waste into a fermentation tank (1), sealing and covering a tank cover (2) on the fermentation tank (1), and starting a crushing mechanism (3) to crush the food waste;
reopening the tank cover (2), and placing excrement which is 10-50% of the weight of the raw materials into the fermentation tank (1) to form mixed liquid;
adjusting the water content of the mixed solution to 45% -48%, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 7.3-7.8;
controlling the ventilation mechanism (5) to be in a closed state, and enabling the fermentation tank (1) to perform an anaerobic fermentation mode;
after 2-3 days of anaerobic fermentation, when the temperature of the mixed liquid measured by the temperature measuring mechanism (4) is raised to above 65 ℃, starting the ventilation mechanism (5) to supply air and oxygen, entering an aerobic fermentation mode, after 18-24 hours of ventilation, closing the ventilation mechanism (5), and repeating the anaerobic fermentation mode and the aerobic fermentation mode for 2 times to obtain the fermented fertilizer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011445423.6A CN112457083A (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Device and method for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011445423.6A CN112457083A (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Device and method for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste |
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| CN112457083A true CN112457083A (en) | 2021-03-09 |
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| CN202011445423.6A Pending CN112457083A (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Device and method for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste |
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