CN112437448A - Optimized deployment method for network nodes of double-chain dam monitoring wireless sensor - Google Patents

Optimized deployment method for network nodes of double-chain dam monitoring wireless sensor Download PDF

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CN112437448A
CN112437448A CN202011297606.8A CN202011297606A CN112437448A CN 112437448 A CN112437448 A CN 112437448A CN 202011297606 A CN202011297606 A CN 202011297606A CN 112437448 A CN112437448 A CN 112437448A
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nodes
chain
double
network
wireless sensor
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严锡君
邵京港
陈府玉
黄凤辰
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Hohai University HHU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/18—Network planning tools
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/28—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non transmission
    • H04W52/283—Power depending on the position of the mobile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H04W52/46—TPC being performed in particular situations in multi hop networks, e.g. wireless relay networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for optimizing and deploying network nodes of a double-chain dam monitoring wireless sensor, which adopts a chain type network topological structure, all nodes are distributed in a linear area, a sink node is positioned at the middle point of the linear area, all sensor nodes are symmetrically deployed at two sides of the sink node to form a double-chain structure, the double-chain structure is deployed at an optimal unequal interval, the closer to the sensor nodes of the sink node, the smaller the interval between the two nodes is, and each sensor node transmits data to the sink node in a multi-hop mode. And then, the optimal distance of each hop is obtained through analyzing the energy consumption, so that the energy balanced consumption of each node is realized to the greatest extent, and the life cycle of the network is prolonged.

Description

Optimized deployment method for network nodes of double-chain dam monitoring wireless sensor
Technical Field
The invention discloses a method for deploying nodes of a wireless sensor network for monitoring a double-chain dam, and belongs to the field of wireless sensor networks and electronic measurement and control.
Background
The wireless sensor network is a novel wireless network formed by a large number of sensor nodes in a self-organizing manner. The wireless sensor network has the remarkable advantages of high monitoring precision, low power consumption, low cost, large coverage area, easiness in deployment and the like, so that the wireless sensor network is widely and rapidly developed. The method has the advantages that the nodes of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are deployed in a specific area, certain environmental data are monitored and collected, the method can be widely applied to the special fields of environmental monitoring, medical monitoring, agricultural cultivation, disaster recovery and the like, and how to design the WSN suitable for different engineering applications becomes a big subject.
Node deployment is a key problem in wireless sensor network research, and directly affects the life cycle, reliability, expandability and other performances of the network. Under different practical application scenes, the monitoring environment and the purpose of the wireless sensor network are not the same as much, so that a corresponding deployment strategy is adopted, the networking effect is optimal, the deployment cost is saved, and the coverage requirement is met.
The problem of 'energy holes' caused by unbalanced node energy consumption exists in a wireless sensor network, data are transmitted from sensor nodes to sink nodes, and the nodes which are closer to the sink nodes are usually routed through intermediate nodes, so that more data need to be forwarded, and more energy is consumed, therefore, the energy of the sensor nodes near the sink nodes is quickly exhausted, the sink nodes cannot collect the data, and the life cycle of a system is seriously influenced.
The invention provides a deployment method of network nodes of a double-chain dam monitoring wireless sensor, aiming at a linear monitoring area and practical engineering application, namely, all the nodes are distributed in the linear area, a convergent node is positioned in the center of the linear area, all the sensor nodes are symmetrically deployed on two sides of the convergent node to form a double-chain structure, the sensor nodes are deployed at optimal unequal intervals, and the closer to the sensor nodes of the convergent node, the smaller the interval between the two nodes is. And then, the optimal distance of each hop is obtained through analyzing the energy consumption, and meanwhile, the energy balanced consumption and the life cycle optimization of the whole network can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The problem of 'energy holes' caused by unbalanced node energy consumption exists in the wireless sensor network, some nodes may die in advance, and the life cycle of the whole network is greatly influenced. Aiming at solving the problem of energy consumption balance and saving energy, the method for deploying the network nodes of the double-chain dam monitoring wireless sensor is provided aiming at a linear monitoring area and practical engineering application. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. performing single-chain deployment on n nodes to form a single-chain type network, and calculating the energy consumption of the whole network when the n nodes all have 1 data packet to be sent
Figure BSA0000224933620000021
Figure BSA0000224933620000022
Wherein e istxAnd erxRepresenting the power consumption for transmitting and receiving 1-bit data, respectively, EstAnd EsrRespectively transmit start energy and receive start energy, l is the length of data to be transmitted, eteIs the power consumption of the transmitting circuit transmitting 1-bit data, etaEnergy consumption for successfully sending 1-bit data through one meter distance, d is the distance from a sending end to a receiving end, beta is a path loss constant, k is the sum of the length of a data packet and the length of a packet header of the data packet, n is the number of sensors, i is the serial number of the ith sensor node, d is the serial number of the ith sensor nodeiIs the distance between the ith sensor node and the (i-1) th sensor node.
2. And performing double-chain deployment on the n nodes to form a double-chain type network, and calculating the energy consumption of the whole network when the n nodes all have 1 data packet to be sent.
Figure BSA0000224933620000023
3. For item 3 to diCalculating the partial derivative, and calculating d according to the limit condition that the total distance is fixediThe optimal value is as follows:
1) when the beta is equal to 2, the beta is not zero,
Figure BSA0000224933620000024
2) when the beta is 3, the beta-,
Figure BSA0000224933620000025
4. according to the optimum diValue, the total network energy consumption can be obtained when each sensor node has 1 data transmission:
Figure BSA0000224933620000031
compared with the network energy consumption of a single-chain structure, the network energy consumption of the double-chain structure is close to half of that of the single-chain structure, and the life cycle is close to twice.
Adopt the beneficial effect that above-mentioned technical scheme brought:
for a double-chain wireless sensor network, a sink node is positioned in the center of a sensor node, and the sensor node is deployed by adopting a node optimization deployment method with unequal intervals, so that the problem of 'energy holes' caused by unbalanced node energy consumption is effectively avoided, all the sensor nodes synchronously and uniformly consume energy, the same life cycle is realized, the life cycle of the network is obviously prolonged, and the maintenance workload is greatly reduced in practical use.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topological structure diagram of a single-chain network of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a topology structural diagram of the double chain network of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in further detail below with reference to the drawings in which:
the network model adopted by the invention is as follows:
1) the energy of the sink node is unlimited and is positioned at the middle point of the linear area to form a double-chain network;
2) the n sensor nodes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the sink node, the sensors on each side are linearly arranged according to unequal intervals to form a single-chain network, and the distance between the two farthest sensor nodes on the two sides of the sink node is r meters;
3) the initial energy of all sensor nodes is equal.
Transmitting energy consumption of 1 bit in a single hop state according to an energy consumption model of the node (e)b) Comprises the following steps:
Figure BSA0000224933620000032
etx＝ete+etadβ
wherein e istxAnd erxRepresenting the power consumption for transmitting and receiving 1-bit data, respectively, EstAnd EsrRespectively transmit start energy and receive start energy, l is the length of the useful data to be transmitted, eteIs the power consumption of the transmitting circuit for transmitting 1-bit data, etaEnergy consumption for successfully transmitting 1-bit data through a distance of 1 meter, d is the distance from the transmitting end to the receiving end, and beta is a path loss constant.
As shown in FIG. 1, a topology structure diagram of a single-chain network of the present invention is shown, and assuming that the mth node has data to send to the sink node, each valid data bit is sent through m sensor nodes, and m-1 sensor nodes receive a hop to reach the sink node, thereby completing the transmission system energy consumption ebmComprises the following steps:
Figure BSA0000224933620000041
where α is the packet header length of the packet.
Suppose that all nodes have 1 data packet to reach the sink node through a hop, and the distance of each hop is diFor the ith node, transmitting (n-i +1) data packets and receiving (n-i) data packets, wherein the energy consumption of the ith node
Figure BSA0000224933620000042
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BSA0000224933620000043
where k is α + l, which is the total length of the packet and the header.
The energy consumption of n nodes is summed, and the energy consumption of the whole system
Figure BSA0000224933620000044
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BSA0000224933620000045
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a topology structure of a double-chain network according to the present invention, in which nodes are arranged at unequal intervals under a double-chain model, and each interval represents d1，d2，d3，...，dn/2The distance between the two farthest sensor nodes at the two ends of the sink node is r, and the distance from the farthest sensor node to the sink node is r/2.
In the double-chain structure, each node on only one chain has 1 data packet to be sent to the sink node via multi-hop, and the energy consumption of the chain system is as follows:
Figure BSA0000224933620000046
when all nodes have 1 data packet to send and reach the sink node through multi-hop, the energy consumption of the system is reduced
Figure BSA0000224933620000051
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BSA0000224933620000052
namely:
Figure BSA0000224933620000053
comparing the equations (5) and (3), it can be seen that the energy consumption of the single-chain network system is about twice that of the double-chain network system. Meanwhile, in the double-chain structure, two sensor nodes away from the sink node are arranged, so that the burden of the sensor nodes away from the sink node is reduced, and the life cycle of the network is prolonged.
When n and r are constant, the first two sum terms of the above formula are fixed values, and the third sum term is changed, which causes
Figure BSA0000224933620000054
A change in
Figure BSA0000224933620000055
There is always a minimum value within a finite interval corresponding to a set of optimal diThe value is obtained. For item 2 to diCalculating the partial derivative, and making the partial derivative be lambda, then calculating di：
Figure BSA0000224933620000056
Will diSubstituting into a constraint condition formula with fixed total distance:
Figure BSA0000224933620000057
finding the value of λ:
Figure BSA0000224933620000058
by substituting equation (8) into equation (6) and setting β to 2, the optimum distance d for each hop is obtainediComprises the following steps:
Figure BSA0000224933620000059
by substituting equation (8) into equation (6) and setting β to 3, the optimum distance d of each hop is obtainediComprises the following steps:
Figure BSA0000224933620000061
in summary, the invention provides a node optimized deployment method of a double-chain dam monitoring wireless sensor network aiming at the problem of 'energy holes' of the wireless sensor network and deploying all sensor nodes at unequal intervals, and the optimal distance of each hop of the deployed network is obtained through energy consumption analysis, so that the energy balanced consumption of all the sensor nodes is realized, and the life cycle of the network is greatly prolonged.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas of the present invention, and the technical ideas provided by the present invention can not be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for optimizing deployment of network nodes of a double-chain dam monitoring wireless sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is characterized in that a chain network topological structure is adopted, all nodes are distributed in a linear area, a sink node is located in the middle point of the linear area, all sensor nodes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the sink node to form a double-chain structure and are arranged at optimal unequal intervals, and the closer to the sensor nodes of the sink node, the smaller the interval between the two nodes is.
2. The optimized deployment method of the nodes of the wireless sensor network for monitoring the double-chain dam as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: when the path loss constant β is 2, the optimal distance per hop of the sensor is:
Figure FSA0000224933610000011
3. the optimized deployment method of the nodes of the wireless sensor network for monitoring the double-chain dam as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: when the path loss constant β is 3, the optimal distance per hop of the sensor is:
Figure FSA0000224933610000012
4. the optimized deployment method of the nodes of the wireless sensor network for monitoring the double-chain dam as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: under the same condition, compared with a single-chain type wireless sensor network, the energy consumption of the system of the double-chain type wireless sensor network is close to half, and the life cycle of the double-chain type wireless sensor network is close to twice.
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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102740396A (en) * 2012-06-26 2012-10-17 河海大学 Water regime monitoring wireless sensor network and node deployment method thereof
CN107027137A (en) * 2017-03-15 2017-08-08 河海大学 A kind of Optimization deployment method of many chain wireless sensor network nodes

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102740396A (en) * 2012-06-26 2012-10-17 河海大学 Water regime monitoring wireless sensor network and node deployment method thereof
CN107027137A (en) * 2017-03-15 2017-08-08 河海大学 A kind of Optimization deployment method of many chain wireless sensor network nodes

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Application publication date: 20210302