CN112432929A - V-groove structure plastic optical fiber SPR sensor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
V-groove structure plastic optical fiber SPR sensor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A V-groove structure plastic optical fiber surface plasma resonance sensor belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing. The V-groove structure plastic optical fiber SPR sensing probe is prepared by pressing a V-groove structure on a plastic optical fiber by a compression molding method and plating nano gold particles on the V-groove structure. The enhanced plastic optical fiber SPR sensor can be realized by preparing a symmetrical V-shaped groove structure, and the dual-channel plastic optical fiber SPR sensor can be realized by preparing an asymmetrical V-shaped groove structure. The device has the advantages of simple structure, simple preparation process, mass production and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a plastic optical fiber surface plasma resonance sensor based on a V-groove structure.
Background
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensing technology works by using the resonance phenomenon between evanescent waves generated by transmitted light waves and metal surface plasmon waves. SPR can result in a sharp attenuation of energy at a particular wavelength of transmitted light, manifested as a resonant absorption peak at a particular wavelength location on the transmitted spectrum. SPR is very sensitive to changes in the refractive index of the metal surface environment and causes the absorption peak to drift when the refractive index of the metal environment changes, thus allowing highly sensitive refractive index measurements. The traditional SPR sensor is excited by a prism, generally consists of various optical elements, mechanical parts and the like, and has larger volume and higher system cost. Compared with prism type SPR sensors, the optical fiber type SPR sensors have the advantages of small volume, light weight, simple system structure, capability of on-site and real-time detection and the like, and are widely concerned by researchers.
At present, many patent reports based on fiber SPR sensors appear, such as CN201910514612.5 "an interference fiber SPR sensor" and CN201611140594.1 "a fiber SPR sensor with adjustable refractive index of fiber core and its manufacturing method". However, most of the reported optical fiber SPR sensors are based on quartz optical fibers, and the quartz materials are hard and fragile, so that the preparation and processing processes are not easy to repeat, and the development of the optical fiber SPR sensors is limited. Compared with quartz optical fiber, plastic optical fiber has soft texture and good flexibility, and is an ideal optical fiber material for preparing and developing optical fiber SPR sensors. However, plastic fiber SPR sensors often have problems, on one hand, the plastic fiber has a large core diameter and many transmission modes, and the width of the excited SPR resonance spectrum is generally large, so that the plastic fiber SPR sensor is not suitable for high-precision SPR sensing. On the other hand, the plastic optical fiber SPR sensor is difficult to multiplex and realize simultaneous detection of multiple parameters, so that the detection efficiency is low and the detection cost is high. Although several multi-channel fiber SPR sensors have been proposed, such as "a multi-channel SPR sensor using cascade connection of single-mode fiber and multi-mode fiber" in patent application No. CN 106525775A and "a multi-channel surface plasmon resonance fiber sensing probe and measurement method" in patent application No. CN 106066312A, all of the above solutions use silica fiber, and the methods are difficult to be transplanted into plastic fiber SPR sensors. Therefore, how to narrow the SPR formant excited by the plastic optical fiber, improve the excitation efficiency and the measurement precision of the SPR, and how to realize multi-parameter sensing are problems which need to be solved urgently by the plastic optical fiber SPR sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention utilizes compression molding technology, and forms SPR active regions by respectively preparing symmetrical and asymmetrical V-groove structures on the plastic optical fiber and plating a nano metal film on the V-groove structures, thereby respectively solving the problems of low excitation efficiency, difficult multi-parameter sensing and the like of the plastic optical fiber SPR sensor. In addition, the invention provides the SPR sensor which is simple in structure, easy to prepare and produce in batch and low in cost and the preparation method thereof.
A plastic optical fiber SPR sensor is composed of light source, plastic optical fiber SPR sensing probe, photoelectric detector, etc. said plastic optical fiber SPR sensing probe is prepared through preparing symmetrical or asymmetrical V-shaped slot structure on plastic optical fiber, and plating noble metal film on said V-shaped slot structure. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
1) the plastic optical fiber is placed in a steel base with a U-shaped micro-groove, a mold with a V-shaped groove structure is used for vertically pressing the optical fiber, the state is kept for 1-2 minutes, and then the mold is removed, so that the V-shaped groove structure can be prepared on the plastic optical fiber along the direction of the central axis. By adopting the method, V-shaped groove structures with different depths can be prepared by changing the displacement amount pressed by the die. By using the dies with different structures, V-shaped groove structures with different structures can be prepared on the plastic optical fiber. The enhanced plastic optical fiber SPR sensor can be realized by adopting a symmetrical V-shaped groove structure; the double-channel plastic optical fiber SPR sensor can be realized by adopting an asymmetric V-shaped groove structure. Preferably, the angle of the V-shaped groove structure is 5-50 degrees, and the depth of the V-shaped groove structure is 50-400 microns.
2) Noble metal materials such as gold and silver can be plated on the asymmetric V-shaped groove structure of the plastic optical fiber by adopting an ion sputtering method, so that an SPR active area is formed. The thickness of the plated metal film can be changed by adjusting parameters such as vacuum degree, distance, current, time and the like of the ion sputtering instrument. Preferably, the metal film is gold, and the thickness of the metal film is 20-90 nm.
The plastic optical fiber is a multimode commercial plastic optical fiber, the outer diameter of the optical fiber is 175-1500 mu m, the diameter range of a fiber core is 170-1480 mu m, the refractive index of the fiber core is 1.49, and the refractive index of a cladding is 1.41. The light source of the sensor is a halogen lamp, and the photoelectric detection device is a visible light spectrometer.
For the enhanced plastic optical fiber SPR sensor, a symmetrical V-shaped groove structure is adopted, on one hand, incident light can generate evanescent wave to excite an SPR effect on a front inclined plane of the V-shaped groove structure, when the angle of the V-shaped groove meets a certain condition, the incident light can be totally reflected on a fiber core/cladding interface below the V-shaped groove, then the incident light enters the other side of the V-shaped groove at the same angle, and the same SPR effect is excited again. Thus, the same incident light beam can excite the SPR effect twice in succession, and as a result, the depth of the resonance peak can be increased, thereby realizing the enhancement effect of the SPR.
And the double-channel optical fiber SPR sensor can be realized by adopting the plastic optical fiber with the asymmetric V-shaped groove structure. The working principle is that light with different wavelengths can excite the SPR effect based on incident light with different angles, so that different SPR effects can be excited twice by utilizing the fact that transmission light is incident at different angles on two asymmetric inclined planes of an asymmetric V-shaped groove respectively, and two SPR resonance absorption peaks, namely two SPR sensing channels, are formed.
The working principle of the device can be illustrated by calculating the transmission spectrum of the transmitted light, and the normalized transmission power P of the transmitted light after the transmitted light passes through the front inclined surface of the V-shaped groove structure to excite the SPR effecttranAs can be written in the form of,
where θ is the incident angle of the incident light on the first wedge structure and its magnitude is related to the tilt angle Ω of the V-groovecIs the critical angle of total reflection of incident light, RpIs the light intensity reflection coefficient, which is a function of the wavelength of the incident light, the core refractive index, the dielectric constant of the metal film, and the ambient refractive index, and N (θ, z) is the number of reflections that occur. Similarly, after the transmission light only passes through the V-groove rear side inclined plane structure to excite the SPR effect, the normalized transmission power P 'of the transmission light'tranAs can be written in the form of,
the normalized transmission power P of the incident light after the incident light excites the SPR effect twice at both sides of the V-groove structure can be written as,
P＝Ptran·Ptran′
for symmetrical V-shaped groove structure Ptran＝Ptran', and for an asymmetric V-groove configuration Ptran≠Ptran′。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the optical fiber SPR sensor is designed by adopting the plastic optical fiber which is soft in texture, good in flexibility and easy to structurally modify, and is beneficial to reducing the preparation cost of devices.
(2) The simple preparation method for preparing the V-shaped groove structure on the plastic optical fiber through compression molding has the advantages of simple preparation process, easiness in batch production and the like.
(3) The enhanced plastic SPR sensor and the dual-channel plastic SPR sensor can be respectively realized by changing the symmetry of the V-shaped groove structure, and the method is simple to implement, easy to realize and beneficial to integration of devices.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plastic optical fiber SPR sensing probe with symmetrical and asymmetrical V-shaped groove structures respectively;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the fabrication of a V-groove structure for plastic optical fibers;
FIG. 3 is a normalized transmission simulated spectrum of enhanced and dual channel plastic fiber SPR sensors based on symmetric and asymmetric V-groove structures, respectively;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a V-groove structured plastic optical fiber SPR sensing system.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the same equivalents as those of the embodiments of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a plastic optical fiber SPR sensing probe with a symmetrical (a) and asymmetrical (b) V-groove structure is shown. As shown in fig. 1(a), 1 is a plastic optical fiber, 2 is a symmetrical V-groove structure on the plastic optical fiber, and 3 is a metal film, preferably, the metal film uses nano-gold particles and has a thickness of 40 nm. The working principle is as follows: when the wave vector of the evanescent wave generated by transmitting light waves in the optical fiber is matched with the wave vector of the surface plasma wave generated by the metal surface, resonance is generated, and an absorption peak is generated at a specific wavelength position of a transmission spectrum. When the refractive index of the metal environment changes, the position of the absorption peak shifts. Therefore, the change of the refractive index of the substance to be detected can be detected by monitoring the change of the position of the spectral resonance peak. When the angle of the symmetrical V-shaped groove meets a certain condition, the incident light can generate evanescent waves for exciting surface plasma resonance on the front inclined surface of the V-shaped groove structure, so that the SPR effect is excited, the light can be continuously and totally reflected on the fiber core-cladding interface below the V-shaped groove structure, and then reaches the other side surface area of the V-shaped groove structure at the same incident angle to be totally reflected, so that the same SPR effect is excited again. Thus, the same incident light beam can excite the SPR effect twice successively, which can result in the increase of the depth of the resonance peak and thus realize the enhancement of the SPR effect.
FIG. 1(b) is a schematic diagram of a plastic optical fiber SPR sensing probe with an asymmetric V-shaped groove structure. 1-1 is a plastic optical fiber, 1-2 is the front side of an asymmetric V-shaped groove structure, 1-3 is the rear side of the asymmetric V-shaped groove, and 1-4 is a structural schematic diagram of a plated metal film. The working principle of the dual-channel plastic optical fiber SPR sensor is that light with different wavelengths can excite the SPR effect based on incident light with different angles, so that different SPR effects can be excited twice by utilizing the fact that transmitted light is incident at different angles on two asymmetric inclined planes of an asymmetric V-shaped groove respectively, and two SPR resonance absorption peaks, namely two SPR sensing channels, are formed.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a V-groove structure formed on a plastic optical fiber by a compression molding method is shown. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps: the plastic optical fiber is placed in a steel base 5 with a U-shaped micro-groove, a mold 6 with a V-shaped groove structure is vertically pressed on the optical fiber, the state is kept for 1-2 minutes, and then the mold is removed, so that the V-shaped groove structure can be prepared on the plastic optical fiber along the direction of the central axis. Symmetrical and asymmetrical V-shaped groove structures can be prepared by using dies with different V-shaped groove structures; v-shaped groove structures with different depths can be prepared by changing the displacement of the die pressing, and preferably, the depth of the V-shaped groove structure is 200 mu m. For the enhanced plastic optical fiber SPR sensor, a symmetrical V-shaped groove structure is adopted, and preferably, the angle of the V-shaped groove is 12 degrees; for the double-channel plastic optical fiber SPR sensor, an asymmetric V-shaped groove structure is adopted, preferably, the angle of the front side structure of the V-shaped groove is 6 degrees, and the angle of the rear side structure of the V-shaped groove is 16 degrees.
Referring to FIG. 3, simulated spectra of normalized transmission for enhanced and dual channel plastic fiber SPR sensors based on symmetric (a) and asymmetric (b) V-groove configurations. As can be seen from FIG. 3(a), the symmetric V-groove structure can excite the SPR effect twice, and the resonance absorption peak obtained by exciting the SPR effect twice is deeper and sharper than that obtained by exciting the SPR effect once, so that the effect of enhancing SPR resonance can be realized.
From FIG. 3(b), it is the simulation diagram of normalized transmission spectrum of plastic optical fiber SPR sensor with asymmetric V-shaped groove structure. When the front side inclination angle of the V-shaped groove is 6 degrees and the back side inclination angle is 16 degrees, two resonance absorption peaks are generated near the wavelengths of 600 nm and 500nm respectively, and two SPR sensing channels are formed.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic diagram of the V-groove structure plastic optical fiber SPR sensing system of the present invention is shown, and the system is composed of a halogen lamp light source 7, a V-groove structure plastic optical fiber sensing probe 8 and a visible light spectrometer 9. When measuring, the sensing probe is needed to be immersed into the measured liquid.
For the plastic optical fiber dual-channel SPR sensor with the asymmetric V-shaped groove structure, taking the simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and the temperature of the liquid as an example, how to adopt the sensor to carry out dual-parameter sensing is described. In order to carry out dual-channel SPR sensing, the relation between the offset of two optical fiber SPR resonance absorption peaks and the refractive index and temperature of a measured substance needs to be established. The shift in the position of the two resonance absorption peaks as a function of the refractive index and temperature of the substance can be expressed as follows,
in the formula, Δ λ1And Δ λ2The deviation amounts of the first SPR harmonic peak and the second harmonic peak are respectively, and deltan and deltaT are respectively the variation amounts of the refractive index and the temperature of the measured substance. n is1And n2Sensitivity (linear response interval) of the first SPR resonance absorption peak and the second SPR resonance absorption peak to the refractive index of the measured substance respectively, and similarly, T1And T2The sensitivity of the first and second SPR resonance absorption peaks, respectively, to temperature.
Therefore, the above relationship can be obtained by calibration, and the change of the refractive index and temperature of the object substance can be obtained by the relationship under the condition that two SPR resonance absorption peaks are known, which can be expressed by the following formula,
Claims (2)
1. a plastic optical fiber SPR sensor based on a V-groove structure comprises a light source, a plastic optical fiber SPR sensing probe with the V-groove structure, a photoelectric detection device and the like, wherein the V-groove structure is prepared on a plastic optical fiber by adopting a compression molding technology, and an SPR active area can be formed by plating gold nanoparticles on the V-groove structure, so that the SPR sensing probe is formed.
By designing the V-shaped groove structure, the enhanced plastic optical fiber SPR sensing device and the dual-channel plastic optical fiber SPR sensing device can be respectively realized. The symmetrical V-groove structure is prepared on the plastic optical fiber, so that the excitation times of SPR can be effectively increased, and the enhanced plastic optical fiber SPR sensing probe is realized; by preparing the asymmetric V-shaped groove structure and utilizing the fact that transmission light is incident at different angles on the two asymmetric inclined planes of the asymmetric V-shaped groove respectively, different SPR effects can be excited twice in sequence to form two SPR resonance absorption peaks, and therefore dual-channel SPR sensing is achieved.
2. The SPR sensing probe of the plastic optical fiber V-groove structure, according to claim 1, the preparation method comprises:
1) the plastic optical fiber is placed in a steel base with a U-shaped micro-groove, a mold with a V-shaped groove structure is used for vertically pressing the optical fiber, the state is kept for 1-2 minutes, and then the mold is removed, so that the V-shaped groove structure can be prepared on the plastic optical fiber along the direction of the central axis. The V-shaped groove structures with different structures can be prepared on the plastic optical fiber by utilizing the dies with different structures, and the V-shaped groove structures with different depths can be prepared by changing the displacement amount pressed by the die.
2) And plating the gold nanoparticles on the asymmetric V-shaped groove structure of the plastic optical fiber by adopting an ion sputtering method, thereby forming an SPR active area. The thickness of the plated metal film can be changed by adjusting parameters such as vacuum degree, distance, current, time and the like of the ion sputtering instrument. Preferably, the thickness of the plated film is 40 nm.
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| CN114034664A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-11 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Plastic optical fiber refractive index sensor based on V-shaped structure and working method thereof |
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