CN112415255B - Improved active current sampling circuit - Google Patents
Improved active current sampling circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN112415255B CN112415255B CN202011273620.4A CN202011273620A CN112415255B CN 112415255 B CN112415255 B CN 112415255B CN 202011273620 A CN202011273620 A CN 202011273620A CN 112415255 B CN112415255 B CN 112415255B
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/06—Measuring real component; Measuring reactive component
Abstract
The invention provides an improved active current sampling circuit which comprises a center tap transformer, a current transformer, an active current sampling resistor, a half-wave rectifying circuit, a polar filter capacitor and a filter capacitor protection diode, wherein the center tap transformer is connected with the current transformer; when the generators are connected in parallel, the central tap transformer steps down and isolates the alternating current accessed by the primary winding, and two modulation voltages with equal absolute values and opposite phases are formed at two ends of the secondary winding relative to the central tap; the active current becomes a voltage signal U16 after passing through a sampling resistor R16, and is superposed with two modulation voltages of a secondary winding of the center tap transformer, and the two superposed voltages are respectively subjected to half-wave rectification and then are filtered by a polar filter capacitor to obtain a voltage Uab with the magnitude and the polarity of the active current. The two electrodes of the polar filter capacitor are in butt joint, and each polar filter capacitor is connected with a filter capacitor protection diode in parallel, so that the reverse voltage value of the polar filter capacitor is clamped within the reverse withstand voltage index.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aviation electricity, and relates to an improved active current sampling circuit.
Background
On multiple engine aircraft, a plurality of alternators are typically mounted. An aircraft alternating current power supply system formed by a plurality of alternating current generators can be operated in parallel. After the AC power supply systems are connected in parallel, the phenomenon of unbalanced distribution of active loads of all generators can occur during parallel operation due to the differences of factors such as manufacturing process, working environment, working state and the like. In order to fully utilize the system capacity and make the active load be distributed in a balanced way, an automatic active load balancing device must be arranged in the parallel system.
At present, after a constant-speed constant-frequency alternating current power supply system driven by a constant-speed transmission device is connected in parallel, an active current sampling circuit in the system compares the sampled active current of a generator with the active currents sampled by other active current sampling circuits connected in parallel, and the output torque of the constant-speed transmission device is regulated according to the deviation size and the deviation polarity of the active current, so that the frequency of the generator sharing the large active current is reduced, the frequency of the generator sharing the small active current is increased, and the active load tends to be balanced.
The existing active current sampling circuit firstly takes out an active current signal, converts the active current signal into a voltage signal, then converts an alternating current signal into a direct current voltage signal through rectification, and then filters the direct current voltage signal to enable the direct current pulsation to be smaller. The rectified filtering adopts polar capacitor filtering generally, but after the comparison operation of the voltage rectified by the active current sampling circuit and the active voltage of another product connected in parallel, the positive and negative of the direct current voltage output by the rectification filtering are changed, at the moment, the polar filtering capacitor bears back pressure, the polar capacitor has very low reverse voltage resistance (generally not more than 1V), and thus the polar capacitor is extremely easy to damage; for the problem, some active current sampling circuits can use a nonpolar capacitor to carry out filtering, but the nonpolar capacitor has large volume, large weight, small capacitance value and poor filtering effect, and can not meet the use requirement of an aviation power supply.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an improved active current sampling circuit, which adopts a polar capacitor when filtering a polar signal, and aims at the defect that the polar filter capacitor has low reverse withstand voltage at the same time, the filter protection circuit is designed to realize voltage clamping, so that the weight and the volume of a product can be reduced and the reliability of the polar capacitor can be improved while the filtering effect of an active current deviation signal is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the improved active current sampling circuit comprises a center tap transformer, a current transformer, an active current sampling resistor, a half-wave rectifying circuit, a polar filter capacitor and a filter capacitor protection diode;
the center tap transformer is used for reducing and isolating the alternating current output by an alternating current generator in an onboard alternating current power supply system connected with the primary winding, and two modulation voltages with equal absolute values and opposite phases are formed at two ends of the secondary winding relative to the center tap
After the current transformer samples the active current of the alternating current generator, the active current becomes a voltage signal U16 after passing through an active current sampling resistor R16;
voltage signal U16 and two modulated voltagesCarrying out superposition to obtain voltage->And->Two superimposed voltages->And->Rectifying through a half-wave rectifying circuit respectively, and filtering through two polar filter capacitors to obtain a voltage Uab reflecting the magnitude and polarity of the active current of the alternating current generator; wherein two electrodes of the filter capacitor with polarity are in butt joint, each filter capacitor with polarity is connected with a filter capacitor protection diode in parallel, and the filter capacitor protection diode is connected with the filter capacitorThe filter capacitor protection diode clamps the reverse voltage value of the polar filter capacitor within the reverse withstand voltage index of the polar filter capacitor.
Further, the primary winding of the center tap transformer is connected with a certain alternating current of a certain alternating current generator in the onboard alternating current power supply system, and two ends of the secondary winding of the center tap transformer output two voltages with equal absolute values and opposite phases relative to the center tap
Further, the transformer further comprises a balance potentiometer W for guaranteeing two voltage balances of the secondary winding of the center tap transformer; the two ends of the balance potentiometer W are connected with the two output ends of the half-wave rectifying circuit; one end of the active current sampling resistor R16 is connected with a center tap of the center tap transformer, and the other end is connected with a neutral point of the balance potentiometer; when the voltage signal U16 of the active current is not available, the absolute values of the two voltages of the secondary winding of the center tap transformer are completely equal by adjusting the neutral point of the balance potentiometer.
Further, the active current sampling resistor R16 is a chassis-mounted power type wire-wound fixed resistor.
Further, the half-wave rectifying circuit adopts two rectifying diodes V12 and V13, wherein the positive electrode of one diode V12 is connected with one end of a secondary winding of the transformer T4, and the negative electrode is connected with one end of a balance potentiometer; the positive electrode of the other diode V13 is connected with the other end of the secondary winding of the transformer T4, and the negative electrode is connected with the other end of the balance potentiometer.
Further, the half-wave rectifier circuit diodes V12 and V13 are silicon rectifier diodes.
Further, two filter capacitors C33 with polarity are in butt joint with the cathode of the capacitor C34, the anode of the capacitor C33 is connected with the cathode of the diode V12, and the anode of the capacitor C34 is connected with the cathode of the diode V13.
Further, the two polar filter capacitors C33 and C34 are air-tight non-solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors, the capacitance value is 330uF, the forward voltage is 63V, the reverse withstand voltage is 1.4V, and the maximum peak-peak of interference pulsation is 20mv.
Further, the filter capacitor protection diodes V16 and V17 are respectively connected in parallel to two ends of the filter capacitor with polarity C33 and C34, the cathode of the diode V16 is connected with the anode of the capacitor C33, the cathode of the diode V17 is connected with the anode of the capacitor C34, and the anodes of the V16 and V17 are connected with the cathodes of the capacitor C33 and C34 after being connected in butt joint.
Advantageous effects
The invention adopts the polar capacitor (tantalum electrolytic capacitor) of cathode butt joint to filter the active current signal instead of the nonpolar capacitor, has large capacitance value and small volume, can improve the filtering effect, and can not increase the volume and weight of the product.
The invention adopts a filter capacitor to protect the diode. As the voltage of the Uab terminal is an alternating current signal, one electrolytic capacitor can not realize the filtering function of the alternating current signal, and therefore, two polar filter capacitors are connected in parallel at the output terminal of the Uab. In order to prevent the reverse withstand voltage of the polar capacitor from being insufficient, two ends of the polar capacitor are respectively connected with a diode in parallel, the reverse withstand voltage of the polar capacitor is clamped at about 0.7V, the reverse withstand voltage safety of the filter electrolytic capacitor is ensured, and the safety and reliability of products are improved.
The invention can accurately extract the active current sampling signal, and can easily submerge in circuit noise because the maximum value of the collected active current signal is not more than 2V, and in order to accurately extract the active current signal, the voltage of the secondary winding of the center tap transformer is superposed on the active current signal, thereby preventing the loss of the active signal caused by the junction voltage drop of a diode, circuit interference and the like.
The improved active sampling circuit is used for airborne type products and is installed for use, and practice proves that the effect is good, the sampling precision is high, and the device is reliable in operation.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an active current sampling circuit.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1, an improved active current sampling circuit provided in this embodiment includes a center tap transformer, a current transformer, an active current sampling resistor, a half-wave rectifier circuit diode, a balance potentiometer, a filter capacitor, and a filter capacitor protection diode.
As shown in fig. 1, the overall concept of the active current sampling circuit in this embodiment is: after the generators are connected in parallel, a center tap transformer T4 steps down and isolates an alternating current power supply 115V connected to a primary winding, and two modulation voltages with equal absolute values and opposite phases are formed at two ends of a secondary winding relative to a center tap; the active current becomes a voltage signal U16 after passing through a sampling resistor R16, and is superposed with two modulation voltages of a secondary winding of a center tap transformer T4, and the two superposed voltages are respectively subjected to half-wave rectification and then are subjected to filtering by a polar filter capacitor to obtain a voltage Uab with the magnitude and the polarity of the reactive active current.
The primary winding of the center tap transformer T4 is connected with the generator C-phase 115V alternating current, and two ends of the secondary winding of the center tap transformer T4 output two voltages with equal absolute values, 12.5V and opposite phases relative to the center tapThe end with the black dot mark in fig. 1 is the same name end of the transformer.
The current on the alternating current power supply phase current bus bar on the current transformer sampler is represented by A, B and C in the figure, which represent the three-phase bus bar of the alternating current power supply system on the machine, the secondary winding LH1 of the current transformer realizes C-phase current signal acquisition, and two ends of the secondary winding LH1 are connected with two ends of the sampling resistor R16.
The active current sampling resistor R16 is a chassis-mounted power type wire-wound fixed resistor, one end of the active current sampling resistor R is connected with a center tap of the center tap transformer T4, and the other end of the active current sampling resistor R is connected with a neutral point of the balance potentiometer. The current transformer takes out the C-phase current of the generator, and converts the C-phase current into a voltage signal U16 after passing through a sampling resistor R16. Because the running state of the aircraft alternating current power supply basically runs symmetrically in three phases, the total balance condition of the three-phase current can be reflected by taking one-phase current.
In this embodiment, the active current sampling resistor R16 has a resistance of 30Ω and a power of 30w. According to the transformation ratio of the current transformer, when the active current of the C phase is 4A, the current in the secondary winding of LH1 is about 0.034A, and the current is converted into 1.02V alternating current voltage U16 on a resistor R16. The sampling voltage U16 is respectively overlapped with the voltages of two secondary windings of the transformer, and the voltage values after being overlapped are respectively as follows:
the diodes of the half-wave rectifying circuit are V12 and V13, wherein the anode of one diode V12 is connected with one end of the secondary winding of the transformer T4, and the cathode is connected with one end of the balance potentiometer; the positive electrode of the other diode V13 is connected with the other end of the secondary winding of the transformer T4, and the negative electrode is connected with the other end of the balance potentiometer. After the active current is converted into a voltage signal U16, the voltage signal U16 is respectively overlapped with two voltages of a secondary winding of a transformer to become a voltageAnd->And->And then, a direct current voltage signal with the magnitude and the polarity of the reactive active current is output through rectification of the half-wave rectification circuit diodes V12 and V13.
In this embodiment, diodes V12 and V13 of the half-wave rectifying circuit select output current 5A, and reverse withstand voltage 400V silicon rectifier diode, because the rectification mode is half-wave rectification, voltageAnd->Is approximately after being rectified by a half-wave rectification circuit diodeAnd->Finally, the output voltage Uab of the magnitude of the reactive active current is obtained:
the balance potentiometer W is used for guaranteeing two voltage balances of the secondary winding of the center tap transformer T4. When the active current voltage signal U16 is not available, the absolute values of the two voltages of the secondary winding of the center tap transformer T4 are completely equal by adjusting the balance potentiometer.
The filter capacitors are polar capacitors C33 and C34, in order to filter signals with polarity, the cathodes of the C33 and the C34 are in butt joint, the anode of the C33 is connected with the cathode of the diode V12, and the anode of the C34 is connected with the cathode of the diode V13. In this embodiment, the filter capacitors C33 and C34 are air-tight non-solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors, which have large capacitance, small volume and excellent and stable electrical properties.
In order to ensure that the signal is not submerged by the interference signal, the capacitance value of the filter capacitor is 330uF, the forward voltage is 63V, the reverse withstand voltage is 1.4V, and the maximum peak-peak of the interference pulsation is only 20mv through the actual circuit test, so that the interference to the signal of the active deviation voltage is avoided.
The filter capacitor protection diodes are V16 and V17, the diodes V16 and V17 are respectively connected with two ends of the capacitors C33 and C34 in parallel, the cathode of the diode V16 is connected with the anode of the capacitor C33, the cathode of the diode V17 is connected with the anode of the capacitor C34, and the anodes of the V16 and V17 are connected with the cathodes of the capacitors C33 and C34 after being in butt joint.
Because the filter capacitor is a polar capacitor, when the cathodes of the two tantalum electrolytic capacitors are in butt joint for use, one capacitor is always in a reverse voltage-resistant state, the reverse voltage resistance of the tantalum electrolytic capacitors is very low and is easy to damage due to overlarge reverse voltage, in order to ensure the filtering effect and improve the safety and the service life of the electrolytic capacitors, two ends of the two filter capacitors are respectively connected with a diode in parallel, the reverse voltage value on the tantalum electrolytic capacitors is ensured to be clamped at 0.7V by the diodes connected in parallel, and the damage caused by overlarge reverse voltage resistance of the electrolytic capacitors is avoided.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made in the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An improved active current sampling circuit, characterized in that: the active current sampling resistor is connected with the active current sampling resistor through a current transformer;
the center tap transformer is used for reducing and isolating the alternating current output by an alternating current generator in an onboard alternating current power supply system connected with the primary winding, and two modulation voltages with equal absolute values and opposite phases are formed at two ends of the secondary winding relative to the center tap
After the current transformer samples the active current of the alternating current generator, the active current becomes a voltage signal U16 after passing through an active current sampling resistor R16;
voltage signal U16 and two modulated voltagesCarrying out superposition to obtain voltage->And->Two superimposed voltages->And->Rectifying through a half-wave rectifying circuit respectively, and filtering through two polar filter capacitors to obtain a voltage Uab reflecting the magnitude and polarity of the active current of the alternating current generator; the two negative poles of the polar filter capacitors are in butt joint, each polar filter capacitor is connected with a filter capacitor protection diode in parallel, and the reverse voltage value of the polar filter capacitor is clamped within the reverse withstand voltage index of the polar filter capacitor through the filter capacitor protection diode.
2. The improved active current sampling circuit of claim 1 wherein: the primary winding of the center tap transformer is assembled with a certain alternating current of a certain alternating current generator in the onboard alternating current power supply system, and two ends of the secondary winding of the center tap transformer output two voltages with equal absolute values and opposite phases relative to the center tap
3. The improved active current sampling circuit of claim 1 wherein: the balance potentiometer W is used for guaranteeing the balance of two voltages of the secondary winding of the center tap transformer; the two ends of the balance potentiometer W are connected with the two output ends of the half-wave rectifying circuit; one end of the active current sampling resistor R16 is connected with a center tap of the center tap transformer, and the other end is connected with a neutral point of the balance potentiometer; when the voltage signal U16 of the active current is not available, the absolute values of the two voltages of the secondary winding of the center tap transformer are completely equal by adjusting the neutral point of the balance potentiometer.
4. The improved active current sampling circuit of claim 1 wherein: the active current sampling resistor R16 is a chassis-mounted power type wire-wound fixed resistor.
5. The improved active current sampling circuit of claim 1 wherein: the half-wave rectifying circuit adopts two rectifying diodes V12 and V13, wherein the positive electrode of one rectifying diode V12 is connected with one end of a secondary winding of the transformer T4, and the negative electrode is connected with one end of a balance potentiometer; the positive pole of the other rectifier diode V13 is connected with the other end of the secondary winding of the transformer T4, and the negative pole is connected with the other end of the balance potentiometer.
6. The improved active current sampling circuit of claim 5 wherein: the rectifier diodes V12 and V13 of the half-wave rectifier circuit are silicon rectifier diodes.
7. The improved active current sampling circuit of claim 5 wherein: the two filter capacitors C33 with polarities are in butt joint with the cathode of the capacitor C34, the anode of the capacitor C33 is connected with the cathode of the rectifier diode V12, and the anode of the capacitor C34 is connected with the cathode of the rectifier diode V13.
8. The improved active current sampling circuit of claim 1 wherein: the two polar filter capacitors C33 and C34 are airtight non-solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors, the capacitance value is 330uF, the forward voltage is 63V, the reverse withstand voltage is 1.4V, and the maximum peak-peak of interference pulsation is 20mv.
9. The improved active current sampling circuit of claim 8 wherein: the filter capacitor protection diodes V16 and V17 are respectively connected in parallel at two ends of the polar filter capacitors C33 and C34, the cathode of the filter capacitor protection diode V16 is connected with the anode of the polar filter capacitor C33, the cathode of the filter capacitor protection diode V17 is connected with the anode of the polar filter capacitor C34, and the anodes of the V16 and V17 are connected with the cathodes of the C33 and C34 after being connected in butt joint.
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