CN112403235A - Multi-point source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device and method - Google Patents
Multi-point source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112403235A CN112403235A CN202010878672.8A CN202010878672A CN112403235A CN 112403235 A CN112403235 A CN 112403235A CN 202010878672 A CN202010878672 A CN 202010878672A CN 112403235 A CN112403235 A CN 112403235A
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- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 131
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentafluoride Chemical compound FP(F)(F)(F)F OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VVRKSAMWBNJDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluorophosphane Chemical compound FPF VVRKSAMWBNJDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010888 waste organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multipoint source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device, which comprises a multipoint source gas collection mechanism, a gas collection header pipe and a composite treatment tower, wherein the multipoint source gas collection mechanism is communicated with the composite treatment tower through the gas collection header pipe: the multi-point source gas collecting mechanism comprises a plurality of gas collecting points used for collecting electrolyte waste gas, and gas collecting branch pipes communicated with a gas collecting main pipe are arranged on the gas collecting points. The invention also discloses a method for treating the electrolyte waste gas by using the point source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device, the multipoint source gas collecting mechanism is used for collecting the electrolyte waste gas generated in multiple processes of liquid injection, evacuation, formation and the like in the manufacturing process of the lithium ion battery, collecting the multipoint source waste gas to the gas collecting main pipe, and then leading the multipoint source waste gas to enter the composite treatment tower for centralized treatment from the gas collecting main pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environment-friendly treatment of electrolyte waste gas of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a multipoint-source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device and method.
Background
The electrolyte is used as an important component of the lithium ion battery, plays a role in conducting ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery, and plays an important role in improving the cycle performance, the energy density, the high-temperature and low-temperature performance and the like of the lithium ion battery. The electrolyte of the lithium ion battery generally consists of electrolyte lithium salt, an organic solvent and a small amount of additives. The electrolyte lithium salt has LiPF6、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiAsF6And the like, the LiPF is commonly used in the current commercial lithium ion battery electrolyte6As a lithium salt; common organic solvents are mainly EC, DEC, DMC, EMC, PC, etc.
Electrolyte waste gas is generated from processes of liquid injection, evacuation, formation and the like in the research and development and manufacturing processes of the lithium ion battery, quality inspection, failure mode disassembly and the like at random and multiple points, and lithium hexafluorophosphate, EC, DEC, DMC and the like and a small amount of H2, CO generated by chemical reaction of formation are mainly contained in the electrolyte waste gas2、C2H4、CH4、C2H6And the direct discharge of the waste gas can cause pollution to the environment. In addition, lithium hexafluorophosphate in the waste gas reacts with water to generate hydrofluoric acid, phosphorus pentafluoride, phosphorus fluoride and the like, the hydrofluoric acid has strong corrosivity and is extremely easy to volatilize, the hydrofluoric acid can react with common metal to release hydrogen to form explosive mixture with air, and the explosive mixture has occupational health safety risks and particularly needs environmental protection treatment. If the point source independent environment-friendly treatment measures for generating the electrolyte waste gas are adopted, the occupied area of the environment-friendly facility is large, the investment is large, and the problem of how to treat the electrolyte waste gas generated by multiple point sources and in variable time becomes urgent to solve.
A tail gas treatment device of an electrolyte solvent purification column based on nitrogen feeding in a lithium battery electrolyte production line is proposed in the Chinese patent of the publication of authority CN205760465U, and the device adopts a secondary condenser to condense and collect organic waste gas in electrolyte and then passes through the redundant organic waste gas of an active carbon adsorption column.
In the chinese patent No. CN206762609U, an electrolyte waste gas treatment apparatus removes HF by a chemical spray tower, and then treats organic waste gas by a UV purifier to achieve the purpose of purification.
The Chinese patent of the publication number CN206746260U provides an electrolyte waste gas terminal treatment equipment tower, the inside top-down of tower body is filtering area, defogging region, spraying region and water storage region, the patent sprays electrolyte waste gas through pure water, lithium hexafluorophosphate is dissolved in water, and the waste gas of purification is through further filtration purification behind the defroster.
In the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN207546208U, the waste gas of the electrolyte passes through a gas-liquid separation device in turn, and organic solvents such as EC, DMC, DEC and the like, residual fluoride and organic gas (C) are recovered by condensation2H4、CH4、C2H6、H2HF) and saturated Ca (OH)2Solution reaction to CaF2C remains2H4、CH4、C2H6、H2And (5) combustion treatment.
The defects of the above patent are that the treatment mode of electrolyte waste gas generated by multiple point sources and variable time is not described. In addition, in the patent "CN 205760465U", the electrolyte waste gas is directly adsorbed by activated carbon after being condensed, and in the scheme, solid particles of phosphorus pentafluoride, phosphorus fluoride and the like are mixed in the waste gas, and organic solvents and the like in the electrolyte easily cause the activated carbon to be blocked and lose activity, so that the replacement is frequent; the technical scheme of sequentially removing HF from the electrolyte waste gas in the published patent CN206762609U by a chemical spray tower, then carrying out UV photolysis treatment and then emptying can also cause environmental pollution due to the problems of insufficient UV photolysis and the like; for example, in the patent "CN 206746260U" published in China, pure water is adopted for spraying, and then demisting is carried out, then the discharged HF which cannot be effectively treated and part of organic waste gas still cause pollution to the environment; in the patent CN207546208U, saturated Ca (OH) is adopted2Reaction with HF to CaF2The waste gas is further treated by combustion, but the thermal combustion and catalytic combustion methods are suitable for high-concentration organic waste gas and are not suitable forThe method is used for low-concentration organic waste gas, has safety risk, and can influence the combustion effect if water vapor is mixed in the waste gas without treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multipoint source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device and a multipoint source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment method, which solve the following problems in the prior art:
1. the method mainly solves the problem that multi-point source electrolyte waste gas generated at irregular time in a plurality of working procedures of manufacturing the lithium ion battery can not be efficiently treated;
2. the problem that the electrolyte waste gas cannot be efficiently collected is solved;
3. the problem of incomplete combustion or non-combustion due to low concentration when the organic waste gas is directly combusted is solved;
4. solves the problems that the traditional active carbon is easy to inactivate when adsorbing organic gas (containing solid particles and water), has high replacement frequency and poor effect of directly adsorbing small-component gas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a multipoint source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device, which comprises a multipoint source gas collection mechanism, a gas collection header pipe and a composite treatment tower, wherein the multipoint source gas collection mechanism is communicated with the composite treatment tower through the gas collection header pipe: the multi-point source gas collecting mechanism comprises a plurality of gas collecting points used for collecting electrolyte waste gas, and gas collecting branch pipes communicated with a gas collecting main pipe are arranged on the gas collecting points. The multi-point source gas collecting mechanism is used for collecting electrolyte waste gas generated in multiple processes of liquid injection, evacuation, formation and the like in the manufacturing process of the lithium ion battery, collecting the multi-point source waste gas to the gas collecting main pipe, and then enabling the multi-point source waste gas to enter the composite treatment tower from the gas collecting main pipe for centralized treatment.
Preferably, the multi-point source gas collecting mechanism further comprises a pressure control assembly, the pressure control assembly comprises a blowing device arranged at the gas inlet end of the gas collecting main pipe and a pressure adjusting module, and the pressure adjusting module is used for controlling the pressure difference between the gas collecting main pipe and each gas collecting branch pipe. The air blowing device is matched with the pressure adjusting module to adjust negative pressure in the gas collection branch pipes and positive pressure in the gas collection main pipe, so that stable extraction of waste gas of the waste gas point source at each gas collection point is ensured, and the air blowing device is controlled to operate according to a set air speed through the pressure adjusting module. A controller is arranged in the pressure regulating module.
Preferably, the composite treatment tower comprises a chemical spraying layer arranged at the lower part of the tower body and a water spraying layer arranged at the upper part of the tower body, and a liquid discharge pipe is arranged between the chemical spraying layer and the water spraying layer; the lower part of the tower body is communicated with the gas collection header pipe, and the upper part of the tower body is communicated with a waste gas recovery bin. The chemical spraying layer keeps positive pressure under the action of the air blowing device, continuously and efficiently absorbs electrolyte waste gas, alkali liquor in the chemical spraying layer fully reacts with hydrogen fluoride in the electrolyte waste gas, and the air lifting holes of the cap type communication ports arranged between the unreacted electrolyte waste gas chemical spraying layer and the water spraying layer enter the water spraying layer and absorb HF in the waste gas through the water in the water spraying layer.
Preferably, the composite treatment tower is further provided with a water supplementing mechanism in a communicated manner, the water supplementing mechanism is communicated with the upper part of the tower body, and the water supplementing mechanism comprises a liquid circulation type heat exchange assembly. The water supplementing mechanism is used for supplementing water flowing into the chemical spraying layer in the water spraying layer, the liquid circulation type heat exchange assembly can keep the temperature of the water in the water spraying layer at 7-12 ℃, and the liquid circulation type heat exchange assembly is used for cooling electrolyte waste gas, reducing the content of water-insoluble ester gas in the waste gas and enabling the waste gas to be liquefied and flow into the chemical spraying layer for reaction.
Preferably, a first liquid storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the chemical spraying layer, and a liquid level monitor and an online PH meter are arranged in the first liquid storage tank; and a second liquid storage tank is also arranged at the bottom of the water spraying layer, and a liquid level monitor is arranged inside the second liquid storage tank. After the chemical spraying layer is sprayed, reacted and dissolved, reaction liquid slowly flows into a first liquid storage tank at the bottom of the reaction tower, the liquid level monitor can monitor the liquid level height of the first liquid storage tank at regular time, the online PH meter can detect the PH value of the liquid in the first liquid storage tank at regular time, and the liquid level monitor and the online PH meter are managed by a controller in the pressure adjusting module and work cooperatively.
Preferably, a cap type communication port is arranged in the first liquid storage tank, and the cap type communication port penetrates between the chemical spraying layer and the water spraying layer. After the liquid discharge pipe stretches into the chemical spraying layer, the first liquid storage tank forms a groove structure, the cap type communication port penetrates through the port of the liquid discharge pipe to form an umbrella cover structure, and the liquid discharge pipe is further arranged between the chemical spraying layer and the water spraying layer. When the redundant gas in the chemical spraying layer can enter the water spraying layer from the cap type communication port, solid particles, alkali liquor, residual hydrofluoric acid, organic waste gas and the like after reaction can be avoided from being carried when the gas in the chemical spraying layer rises, and then the solid particles and the alkali are prevented from blocking parts such as pipelines in the water spraying layer.
Preferably, a spraying circulating pump communicated with a first liquid storage tank at the bottom of the tower is arranged outside the composite treatment tower, an alkali liquor replenishing port, a waste liquid discharge port and a spraying backflow port are arranged at the output end of the spraying circulating pump, and the alkali liquor replenishing port and the spraying backflow port are connected with the composite treatment tower. The spraying circulating pump is matched with the spraying backflow port, so that the reaction liquid can be recycled, and the cost is saved; meanwhile, the alkali liquor replenishing port is associated with the liquid level monitor, when the liquid level is reduced to a specific threshold value within a certain time, the liquid level monitor transmits a signal to the controller to start the alkali liquor replenishing port to replenish the liquid until the liquid level reaches a standard position; correspondingly, when the PH of the reaction solution exceeds the specified range, the on-line PH meter can send a signal to suspend the liquid supplementing system, the waste liquid discharge port is opened to discharge waste liquid, and then the liquid supplementing system is recovered to ensure that the subsequent work can be normally carried out.
Preferably, a limiting valve is arranged between the output end of the spraying circulating pump and the waste liquid discharge port, and a solid reactant collecting tank is arranged between the spraying circulating pump and the liquid storage tank. The limiting valve is used for controlling waste liquid discharge, and reaction liquid in the liquid storage tank needs the solid reactant collecting tank to collect and uniformly treat due to the existence of the solid reactant, so that the pipeline cannot be blocked when liquid circulation or discharge is ensured, the maintenance cost is reduced, and the service life of equipment is prolonged.
Preferably, the pressure regulating module comprises a controller and a differential pressure sensor, the signal output end of the differential pressure sensor is connected to the receiving end of the controller, and the controller controls the wind power regulation of the blowing device. The pressure difference sensor is used for monitoring the pressure values of the gas collection branch pipe and the gas collection main pipe and transmitting the collected data to the controller, and the controller controls the output wind power of the blowing device after analysis so as to realize the negative micro-pressure of the gas collection branch pipe and the positive pressure of the gas collection main pipe.
Preferably, still including the gas discharge port who communicates in the combined treatment tower top of the tower, be provided with the defogging layer near gas discharge port department in the tower body, the outside intercommunication of gas discharge port is provided with residual waste gas and collects the storehouse, be provided with active adsorption particle in the residual waste gas collection storehouse. The demisting layer is used for separating and absorbing liquid carried by gas in the separation tower, so that the water content of the gas is reduced, the problem that the active adsorption particles absorb water and are inactivated is avoided, and the residual gas adsorption effect and the service life of the active adsorption particles are ensured.
The invention also discloses a method for treating the battery electrolyte waste gas by adopting the multipoint source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the operation pressure adjusting module controls the starting of the blast device, and the battery electrolyte waste gas at each gas collection point enters a gas collection main pipe through a gas collection branch pipe and enters the bottom of the composite treatment tower;
s2: the battery electrolyte waste gas from the step S1 is in contact reaction with the chemical liquid medicine of the chemical spraying layer, wherein part of gas enters the water spraying layer through a cap type communication port of the liquid communication pipe, the low-temperature water in the water spraying layer condenses the gas, and when the concentration of the non-methane total hydrocarbon in a gas discharge port is larger than a preset value, the low-temperature condensate liquid flows back to the lower tower chemical spraying layer through a liquid discharge pipe between the chemical spraying layer and the water spraying layer;
s3: the liquefied exhaust gas from step S2 and the exhaust gas dissolved in the water spray layer react with the chemical solution again and flow out through the tower bottom waste liquid discharge port;
s4: in step S2, a spraying circulating pump outside the composite treatment tower circularly flows and supplements alkali liquor in the chemical spraying layer;
s5: in step S2, a water supplementing mechanism outside the composite treatment tower performs constant-temperature circulation on cooling water in the water spray layer to ensure that the water spray layer continuously performs waste gas cooling work;
s6: and (4) the residual gas treated in the steps S2 and S3 passes through a demisting layer, enters a residual waste gas collecting bin, is further adsorbed and is discharged.
In the treatment process of the multi-point source electrolyte waste gas, firstly, the pressure in the gas collection branch pipes is adjusted to be micro negative pressure by controlling the air blowing device through the pressure adjusting module, the pressure in the gas collection main pipe is positive pressure, the waste gas at each gas collection point is ensured to smoothly enter a chemical spraying layer of the composite treatment tower, the waste gas is fully reacted with alkali liquor in the chemical spraying layer, and the alkali liquor circularly flows through the spraying circulating pump; the unreacted gas rises to the water spraying layer, the gas is rapidly cooled by the low-temperature water in the water spraying layer, so that the ester gas is liquefied, particularly, HF reacts with water to generate hydrofluoric acid, the hydrofluoric acid falls into the first liquid storage tank and smoothly flows back to the chemical spraying layer, and is discharged from the second liquid storage tank smoothly, and the water supplementing mechanism can ensure that the water spraying layer operates at constant temperature; and the gas in the water spraying layer passes through the demisting layer to separate moisture and reaches the residual waste gas collecting bin, and the active adsorption particles in the residual waste gas collecting bin are used for adsorption and filtration again, so that the effective collection and treatment of the multi-point source electrolyte waste gas are realized.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the waste gas can effectively treat HF, LiF, PF5 and most of organic waste gas through chemical spraying, and the waste gas can be effectively treated by times through an airflow channel formed by sequentially arranging a chemical spraying layer, a water spraying layer and a demisting layer; (2) the air blowing device is matched with the pressure adjusting module to adjust the negative pressure in the gas collection branch pipe and the positive pressure in the gas collection main pipe, so that the stable extraction of waste gas of a waste gas point source at each gas collection point is ensured, and the air blowing device is controlled to operate according to the set air speed by the pressure adjusting module; (3) the first liquid storage tank with the groove structure is matched with the cap type communication port to ensure that redundant water can smoothly enter the chemical spraying layer, and when redundant gas in the chemical spraying layer can enter the water spraying layer, solid particles, alkali liquor, residual hydrofluoric acid and organic waste gas after reaction can be avoided when the gas in the chemical spraying layer rises; (4) the composite treatment tower with a compact structure can save the floor area of equipment and reduce the cost; (5) the multi-point source gas collection point is matched with the gas collection branch pipe to collect and uniformly treat waste gas generated in each process when the lithium battery is manufactured, and the method is efficient and reduces the cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the pressure control assembly of fig. 1.
In the figure: 1. The device comprises a multi-point source gas collection mechanism, 11, gas collection points, 12, gas collection branch pipes, 2, a composite treatment tower, 21, a gas discharge port, 22, a demisting layer, 23, a residual waste gas collection bin, 3, a gas collection main pipe, 4, a pressure control assembly, 41, a blowing device, 5, a pressure adjusting module, 51, a controller, 52, a differential pressure sensor, 53, a switch, 6, a chemical spraying layer, 61, a first liquid storage tank, 7, a water spraying layer, 71, a water supplementing mechanism, 72, a liquid circulation type heat exchange assembly, 73, a second liquid storage tank, 74, a limiting valve, 75, a solid reactant collection tank, 8, a liquid discharge pipe, 81, a cap type communication port, 9, a spraying circulating pump, 91, an alkali liquor supplementing port, 92, a waste liquid discharge port, 93 and a spraying return port.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. Examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the multipoint source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device of the present invention includes a multipoint source gas collecting mechanism 1, a gas collecting main pipe 3 and a composite treatment tower 2, wherein the multipoint source gas collecting mechanism is communicated with the composite treatment tower through the gas collecting main pipe: the multi-point source gas collecting mechanism comprises a plurality of gas collecting points 11 used for collecting electrolyte waste gas, and gas collecting branch pipes 12 communicated with a gas collecting main pipe are arranged on the gas collecting points. The multi-point source gas collecting mechanism is used for collecting electrolyte waste gas generated in multiple processes of liquid injection, evacuation, formation and the like in the manufacturing process of the lithium ion battery, collecting the multi-point source waste gas to the gas collecting main pipe, and then enabling the multi-point source waste gas to enter the composite treatment tower 2 from the gas collecting main pipe for centralized treatment.
As shown in fig. 2, the multi-point source gas collecting mechanism further includes a pressure control assembly 4, where the pressure control assembly includes a blower 41 disposed at the gas inlet end of the gas collecting main pipe and a pressure regulating module 5, and the pressure regulating module is used to control the pressure difference between the gas collecting main pipe and each gas collecting branch pipe. The air blowing device is matched with the pressure adjusting module to adjust negative pressure in the gas collection branch pipes and positive pressure in the gas collection main pipe, so that stable extraction of waste gas of the waste gas point source at each gas collection point is ensured, and the air blowing device is controlled to operate according to a set air speed through the pressure adjusting module. The pressure adjusting module comprises a PLC (programmable logic controller) 51 and a differential pressure sensor 52, the signal output end of the differential pressure sensor is connected to the receiving end of the controller, and the controller controls the wind power adjustment of the blowing device. The pressure difference sensor is used for monitoring the pressure values of the gas collection branch pipe and the gas collection main pipe and transmitting the collected data to the controller, and the controller controls the output wind power of the blowing device after analysis so as to realize the negative micro-pressure of the gas collection branch pipe and the positive pressure of the gas collection main pipe. The air blowing device adopts a commercial variable frequency fan.
In this embodiment, the gas collecting branch pipe, the gas collecting main pipe and the composite treatment tower are all made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, and a PP filler is further arranged in the composite treatment tower. In this embodiment, the pressure regulating module of the pressure control assembly includes an ECU controller and a Differential Pressure Sensor (DPS), the blower device is further provided with a switch P-1 electrically connected to the ECU controller, and the P-1 switch 51 is controlled by the pressure regulating module to control the blower device to adjust the pressure of the gas collecting branch pipe and the gas collecting main pipe, wherein the micro-negative pressure in each of the gas collecting branch pipe and the gas collecting branch pipe is 3000Pa to 5000 Pa.
The composite treatment tower comprises a chemical spraying layer 6 arranged at the lower part of the tower body and a water spraying layer 7 arranged at the upper part of the tower body, and a liquid discharge pipe 8 is arranged between the chemical spraying layer and the water spraying layer; the lower part of the tower body is communicated with the gas collection header pipe, and the upper part of the tower body is communicated with a waste gas recovery bin. The chemical spraying layer keeps positive pressure when the air blowing device is used, continuously and efficiently absorbs the electrolyte waste gas, alkali liquor in the chemical spraying layer fully reacts with hydrogen fluoride in the electrolyte waste gas, and unreacted electrolyte waste gas enters the water spraying layer through the liquid discharge pipe and is absorbed and dissolved by water in the water spraying layer. In this embodiment, the pH of the alkali solution in the chemical spray layer is 10-12.
Still communicate on the combined treatment tower and be provided with moisturizing mechanism 71, moisturizing mechanism communicates in tower body upper portion, moisturizing mechanism is including liquid circulating heat exchange assemblies 72. The water supplementing mechanism is used for supplementing water flowing into the chemical spraying layer in the water spraying layer, the liquid circulation type heat exchange assembly can keep the temperature of the water in the water spraying layer at 7-12 ℃, and the liquid circulation type heat exchange assembly is used for cooling electrolyte waste gas, reducing the content of water-insoluble ester gas in the waste gas and enabling the waste gas to be liquefied and flow into the chemical spraying layer for reaction.
A first liquid storage tank 61 is arranged at the bottom of the chemical spraying layer, and a liquid level monitor and an online PH meter are arranged in the first liquid storage tank; and a second liquid storage tank 73 is also arranged at the bottom of the water spraying layer, and a liquid level monitor is arranged inside the second liquid storage tank. After the chemical spraying layer is sprayed, reacted and dissolved, reaction liquid slowly flows into a first liquid storage tank at the bottom of the reaction tower, the liquid level monitor can monitor the liquid level height of the first liquid storage tank at regular time, the online PH meter can detect the PH value of the liquid in the first liquid storage tank at regular time, and the liquid level monitor and the online PH meter are managed by a controller in the pressure adjusting module and work cooperatively. And a cap type communication port 81 is arranged in the first liquid storage tank and penetrates between the chemical spraying layer and the water spraying layer. After the liquid discharge pipe stretches into the chemical spraying layer, the first liquid storage tank forms a groove structure, the cap type communication port penetrates through the port of the liquid discharge pipe to form an umbrella cover structure, and the liquid discharge pipe is further arranged between the chemical spraying layer and the water spraying layer. When the redundant gas in the chemical spraying layer can enter the water spraying layer from the gas rising hole of the cap type communication port 81, solid particles, alkali liquor, residual hydrofluoric acid, organic waste gas and the like after reaction can be avoided when the gas in the chemical spraying layer rises, and then the solid particles and the alkali are prevented from blocking parts such as pipelines in the water spraying layer.
The composite treatment tower is characterized in that a spraying circulating pump 9 communicated with a first liquid storage tank at the bottom of the tower is arranged outside the composite treatment tower, an alkali liquor replenishing port 91, a waste liquid discharge port 92 and a spraying backflow port 93 are arranged at the output end of the spraying circulating pump, and the alkali liquor replenishing port and the spraying backflow port are connected with the composite treatment tower. The spraying circulating pump is matched with the spraying backflow port, so that the reaction liquid can be recycled, and the cost is saved; meanwhile, the alkali liquor replenishing port is associated with the liquid level monitor, when the liquid level is reduced to a specific threshold value within a certain time, the liquid level monitor transmits a signal to the controller to start the alkali liquor replenishing port to replenish the liquid until the liquid level reaches a standard position; correspondingly, when the PH of the reaction solution exceeds the specified range, the on-line PH meter can send a signal to suspend the liquid supplementing system, the waste liquid discharge port is opened to discharge waste liquid, and then the liquid supplementing system is recovered to ensure that the subsequent work can be normally carried out. A limiting valve 74 is arranged between the output end of the spraying circulating pump and the waste liquid discharge port, and a solid reactant collecting tank 75 is arranged between the spraying circulating pump and the liquid storage tank. The limiting valve is used for controlling waste liquid discharge, and reaction liquid in the liquid storage tank needs the solid reactant collecting tank to collect and uniformly treat due to the existence of the solid reactant, so that the pipeline cannot be blocked when liquid circulation or discharge is ensured, the maintenance cost is reduced, and the service life of equipment is prolonged. The invention also discloses a gas discharge port 21 communicated with the top of the composite treatment tower, a demisting layer 22 is arranged in the tower body close to the gas discharge port, a residual waste gas collecting bin 23 is communicated with the outside of the gas discharge port, and active adsorption particles are arranged in the residual waste gas collecting bin. The demisting layer is used for separating and absorbing liquid carried by gas in the separation tower, reduces the water content of the gas, ensures that the water content of the gas reaching the gas discharge port meets the standard, thereby avoiding the problem of water absorption and inactivation of active adsorption particles, and ensuring the residual gas adsorption effect and the service life of the active adsorption particles. In this example, activated carbon particles were used as the active adsorption particles.
The invention also discloses a method for treating the battery electrolyte waste gas by adopting the multipoint source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the operation pressure adjusting module controls the starting of the blast device, and the battery electrolyte waste gas at each gas collection point enters a gas collection main pipe through a gas collection branch pipe and enters the bottom of the composite treatment tower;
s2: the battery electrolyte waste gas from the step S1 is in contact reaction with the chemical liquid medicine of the chemical spraying layer, wherein part of gas enters the water spraying layer through a cap type communication port of the liquid communication pipe, the low-temperature water in the water spraying layer condenses the gas, and when the concentration of the non-methane total hydrocarbon in a gas discharge port is larger than a preset value, the low-temperature condensate liquid flows back to the lower tower chemical spraying layer through a liquid discharge pipe between the chemical spraying layer and the water spraying layer;
s3: the liquefied exhaust gas from step S2 and the exhaust gas dissolved in the water spray layer react with the chemical solution again and flow out through the tower bottom waste liquid discharge port;
s4: in step S2, a spraying circulating pump outside the composite treatment tower circularly flows and supplements alkali liquor in the chemical spraying layer;
s5: in step S2, a water supplementing mechanism outside the composite treatment tower performs constant-temperature circulation on cooling water in the water spray layer to ensure that the water spray layer continuously performs waste gas cooling work;
s6: and (4) the residual gas treated in the steps S2 and S3 passes through a demisting layer, enters a residual waste gas collecting bin, is further adsorbed and is discharged.
In the treatment process of the multi-point source electrolyte waste gas, firstly, the pressure in the gas collection branch pipes is adjusted to be micro negative pressure by controlling the air blowing device through the pressure adjusting module, the pressure in the gas collection main pipe is positive pressure, the waste gas at each gas collection point is ensured to smoothly enter a chemical spraying layer of the composite treatment tower, the waste gas is fully reacted with alkali liquor in the chemical spraying layer, and the alkali liquor circularly flows through the spraying circulating pump; the unreacted gas rises to the water spraying layer, the low-temperature water in the water spraying layer rapidly cools the gas, so that the ester gas is liquefied and falls into the first liquid storage tank and smoothly flows back to the chemical spraying layer, and is smoothly discharged from the second liquid storage tank, and the water supplementing mechanism can ensure the constant-temperature operation of the water spraying layer; in this embodiment, the alkali lye spraying circulating pump that the chemical spraying layer was communicated also can set up cooling heat transfer device to keep the invariable low temperature of alkali lye, more be favorable to the absorption of waste gas. And the gas in the water spraying layer passes through the demisting layer to separate moisture and reaches the residual waste gas collecting bin, and the active adsorption particles in the residual waste gas collecting bin are used for adsorption and filtration again, so that the effective collection and treatment of the multi-point source electrolyte waste gas are realized.
In the electrolyte waste gas treatment device and method disclosed by the invention, the electrolyte waste gas branch pipeline adopts a micro-negative pressure, main pipeline positive pressure technology and differential pressure control technology, so that the technical problem of multi-point source and irregular electrolyte discharge and the problem of waste gas effusion reflux generated by other point sources can be effectively solved; the air blowing device is adopted to blow air in the composite tower, and the absorption efficiency can be improved by utilizing the principle of high positive pressure absorption efficiency; meanwhile, a multi-tower-in-one technology is adopted, and a chemical spray tower, a water spray tower and a demisting tower in the traditional technology are integrated into a composite treatment tower, so that the investment is saved, and the occupied area is small. Especially, the arrangement of a water spraying layer and the design of a gas inlet cover cap and a groove effectively solve the problem that gas carries solid particles, alkali liquor, residual hydrofluoric acid, organic waste gas and the like after alkali spraying, and prevent the solid particles and alkali from blocking the filler holes in the demisting tank. Compared with the prior art, the method does not adopt direct active carbon to adsorb organic gas (the active carbon is easy to inactivate when containing solid particles, moisture and organic waste gas), has high replacement frequency and poor effect of directly adsorbing small-component gas; aiming at the problems that the UV photolysis method is not suitable for cracking and oxidizing treatment of organic pollutants with small molecular weight, and the problems of incomplete combustion or non-combustion or safety problems caused by low concentration during direct combustion and catalytic combustion of organic waste gas, a composite treatment tower is adopted for carrying out efficient and sufficient waste gas treatment. In addition, it is worth noting that a non-methane total hydrocarbon detector connected to the controller is further arranged at the discharge position of the residual gas collection bin and used for detecting whether components of finally discharged gas meet the discharge standard or not, when the non-methane total hydrocarbons at the gas discharge port are larger than 50mg/m3, the controller controls the water supplementing mechanism to supplement water, and redundant water is automatically discharged into the lower tower through the liquid discharge pipe, so that the concentration discharge of the non-methane total hydrocarbons is not over standard.
In addition to the above embodiments, the technical features of the present invention can be re-selected and combined to form new embodiments within the scope of the claims and the specification of the present invention, which are all realized by those skilled in the art without creative efforts, and thus, the embodiments of the present invention which are not described in detail should be regarded as the specific embodiments of the present invention and are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a multiple spot source lithium ion battery electrolyte exhaust treatment device, characterized by, including multiple spot source gas collection mechanism, gas collection house steward and composite treatment tower, multiple spot source gas collection mechanism communicates in composite treatment tower through the gas collection house steward: the multi-point source gas collecting mechanism comprises a plurality of gas collecting points used for collecting electrolyte waste gas, and gas collecting branch pipes communicated with a gas collecting main pipe are arranged on the gas collecting points.
2. The multi-point source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein the multi-point source gas collection mechanism further comprises a pressure control assembly, the pressure control assembly comprises a blower device arranged at the gas inlet end of the gas collection header pipe and a pressure regulation module, and the pressure regulation module is used for controlling the pressure difference between the gas collection header pipe and each gas collection branch pipe.
3. The multi-point source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the composite treatment tower comprises a chemical spray layer arranged at the lower part of the tower body and a water spray layer arranged at the upper part of the tower body, and a liquid discharge pipe is arranged between the chemical spray layer and the water spray layer; the lower part of the tower body is communicated with a gas collecting main pipe.
4. The multi-point source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device according to claim 3, wherein a water replenishing mechanism is further communicated with the composite treatment tower, the water replenishing mechanism is communicated with the upper part of the tower body, and the water replenishing mechanism comprises a liquid circulation type heat exchange assembly.
5. The multi-point source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device according to claim 3, wherein a first liquid storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the chemical spraying layer, and a liquid level monitor and an online PH meter are arranged inside the first liquid storage tank; and a second liquid storage tank is also arranged at the bottom of the water spraying layer, and a liquid level monitor is arranged inside the second liquid storage tank.
6. The multi-point source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device according to claim 5, wherein a cap type communication port is arranged in the first liquid storage tank, and the cap type communication port is arranged between the chemical spraying layer and the water spraying layer in a penetrating mode.
7. The multi-point source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device according to claim 5, wherein a spraying circulating pump communicated with the first liquid storage tank at the bottom of the composite treatment tower is arranged outside the composite treatment tower, an alkali liquor replenishing port, a waste liquid discharge port and a spraying backflow port are arranged at the output end of the spraying circulating pump, and the alkali liquor replenishing port and the spraying backflow port are connected with the composite treatment tower.
8. The multi-point source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device according to claim 2, wherein the pressure regulation module comprises a controller and a differential pressure sensor, a signal output end of the differential pressure sensor is connected to a receiving end of the controller, and the controller controls the air blowing device to adjust the air force.
9. The multi-point source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a gas discharge port communicated with the top of the composite treatment tower, wherein a demisting layer is arranged in the tower body close to the gas discharge port, a residual waste gas collection bin is communicated with the outside of the gas discharge port, and active adsorption particles are arranged in the residual waste gas collection bin.
10. A method for treating battery electrolyte waste gas by adopting the multipoint source lithium ion battery electrolyte waste gas treatment device comprises the following steps:
s1: the operation pressure adjusting module controls the starting of the blast device, and the battery electrolyte waste gas at each gas collection point enters a gas collection main pipe through a gas collection branch pipe and enters the bottom of the composite treatment tower;
s2: the battery electrolyte waste gas from the step S1 is in contact reaction with the chemical liquid medicine of the chemical spraying layer, wherein part of gas enters the water spraying layer through a cap type communication port of the liquid communication pipe, the low-temperature water in the water spraying layer condenses the gas, and when the concentration of the non-methane total hydrocarbon in a gas discharge port is larger than a preset value, the low-temperature condensate liquid flows back to the lower tower chemical spraying layer through a liquid discharge pipe between the chemical spraying layer and the water spraying layer;
s3: the liquefied exhaust gas from step S2 and the exhaust gas dissolved in the water spray layer react with the chemical solution again and flow out through the tower bottom waste liquid discharge port;
s4: in step S2, a spraying circulating pump outside the composite treatment tower circularly flows and supplements alkali liquor in the chemical spraying layer;
s5: in step S2, a water supplementing mechanism outside the composite treatment tower performs constant-temperature circulation on cooling water in the water spray layer to ensure that the water spray layer continuously performs waste gas cooling work;
s6: and (4) the residual gas treated in the steps S2 and S3 passes through a demisting layer, enters a residual waste gas collecting bin, is further adsorbed and is discharged.
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