CN112403006A - Enhanced micro-interface reaction system and method for preparing formic acid by carbon dioxide hydrogenation - Google Patents
Enhanced micro-interface reaction system and method for preparing formic acid by carbon dioxide hydrogenation Download PDFInfo
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- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000066 reactive distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical group [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- HFDWIMBEIXDNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diformate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O HFDWIMBEIXDNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- PFQLIVQUKOIJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) formate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O PFQLIVQUKOIJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- PQQAOTNUALRVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);diformate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O PQQAOTNUALRVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- BHVPEUGTPDJECS-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diformate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O BHVPEUGTPDJECS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- HZPNKQREYVVATQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);diformate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O HZPNKQREYVVATQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 inorganic base potassium carbonate Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CJBFZKZYIPBBTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N isotetradecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C CJBFZKZYIPBBTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000005311 nuclear magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GTJOHISYCKPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)C GTJOHISYCKPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutylhexyl Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)C SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane - octane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isododecane Natural products CC(C)(C)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005501 phase interface Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/009—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping in combination with chemical reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/04—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/43—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
- C07C51/44—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
- B01J2231/62—Reductions in general of inorganic substrates, e.g. formal hydrogenation, e.g. of N2
- B01J2231/625—Reductions in general of inorganic substrates, e.g. formal hydrogenation, e.g. of N2 of CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for preparing formic acid by carbon dioxide hydrogenation, wherein the system comprises: the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a first reactive distillation tower, a second reactive distillation tower and a fine reactor, wherein the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower are connected in parallel; the side walls of the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower are sequentially provided with a hydrogen inlet, a carbon dioxide inlet and a mixed inlet of a solvent and a catalyst from top to bottom; the first reaction rectifying tower, the second reaction rectifying tower and the fine reactor are internally provided with a shunting type micro-interface generator, the shunting type micro-interface generator is provided with a plurality of shunting channels on a micro-interface generator body, and a hydrogen inlet and a carbon dioxide inlet are connected with any shunting type micro-interface generator arranged inside the first reaction rectifying tower and the second reaction rectifying tower. The reinforced micro-interface reaction system reduces the temperature and pressure of the hydrogenation reaction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of formic acid reaction preparation, in particular to a system and a method for preparing formic acid by carbon dioxide hydrogenation through a reinforced micro-interface reaction.
Background
Formic acid (CAS number: 64-18-6), also known as formic acid, is carboxylic acid with the least carbon number, has stronger acidity and is an important raw material for modern organic chemical industry. The formic acid synthesis method comprises (1) a methanol carbonylation synthesis method, wherein methanol and carbon monoxide are catalyzed by a catalyst to react to generate methyl formate, and then the methyl formate is hydrolyzed to obtain formic acid and methanol; (2) the formamide method is characterized in that carbon monoxide and amine are catalyzed by a catalyst to generate formamide in a methanol solution, and then the formamide is hydrolyzed under an acidic condition to obtain formic acid; (3) the carbon dioxide method directly prepares the formic acid by catalyzing the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide through a catalyst.
Among the above formic acid synthesis methods, the carbon dioxide hydrogenation for formic acid production which has been emerging for nearly 20 years has the highest theoretical atom economy, and is a very potential formic acid synthesis methodA path. However, since the formation of formic acid by the reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is thermodynamically limited, the existing processes all require the addition of an organic or inorganic base to react with formic acid to form formate in the reaction system to drive the reaction to move in the direction of forming formic acid. For example, Nature Catal (2018,1, 743-; angew. chem. int. Ed. (2019,58,722-726) reports a method for preparing formic acid by catalyzing the reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen with tris (pentafluorophenyl) boron as a catalyst, but excessive inorganic base potassium carbonate is added for the reaction with formic acid; in patent CN201810255395.8, a method for preparing formic acid by using ruthenium complex as a catalyst to catalyze carbon dioxide hydrogenation is reported, and excessive KHCO is required for the reaction3To react with formic acid to drive the process; in patent CN105367404B, a method for preparing formic acid by carbon dioxide hydrogenation with a nano-porous palladium catalyst is reported, in which an excessive amount of sodium hydroxide or sodium tert-butoxide is required to react with formic acid to drive the process; patent CN106622224A reports a method for preparing formic acid by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide with a nanogold-based catalyst, and the reaction needs an excessive amount of triethylamine or triethanolamine to react with formic acid to drive the process to proceed. In addition, because formic acid is strong in acidity and can react with a plurality of organic metal compounds, the catalyst reported by the existing method is unstable under the formic acid condition, so that the catalyst is quickly deactivated.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first objective of the present invention is to provide an enhanced micro-interface reaction system, which, on one hand, promotes smooth progress of the reaction by providing a reaction rectifying tower, thereby avoiding the need of adding organic or inorganic alkali to promote the process of preparing formic acid by the reaction, improving the reaction efficiency and simplifying the reaction operation, and on the other hand, by providing a micro-interface generator in the reaction rectifying tower to efficiently break the entering gas phase into micron-sized bubbles, and dispersing the micron-sized bubbles into a solvent and a catalyst to form a micro-interface system, so as to increase the gas-liquid phase interface area in the reaction gas-liquid by tens of times, and greatly increase the mass transfer rate from the gas phase to the liquid phase.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a reaction method for preparing formic acid by using the above-mentioned enhanced micro-interface reaction system, wherein the reaction method is simple and convenient to operate, and the obtained formic acid has high purity and high product quality, and is worth of wide popularization and application.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
the invention provides a reinforced micro-interface reaction system for preparing formic acid by carbon dioxide hydrogenation, which comprises: the device comprises a first reactive distillation tower, a second reactive distillation tower and a fine reactor, wherein the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower are connected in parallel; the side walls of the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower are sequentially provided with a hydrogen inlet, a carbon dioxide inlet and a mixed inlet of a solvent and a catalyst from top to bottom;
the first reactive distillation tower, the second reactive distillation tower and the fine reactor are internally provided with a shunting type micro-interface generator, the shunting type micro-interface generator is characterized in that a plurality of shunting channels are arranged on a micro-interface generator body, the hydrogen inlet and the carbon dioxide inlet are connected with any shunting type micro-interface generator arranged inside the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower, and the shunting type micro-interface generator is arranged in liquid descending pipes of the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower;
the mixed inlet of the solvent and the catalyst is arranged at the bottoms of the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower so as to fill the whole first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower with the entered solvent and the entered catalyst;
the tops of the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower are provided with formic acid outlets for discharging formic acid products, the formic acid coming out of the formic acid outlets subsequently enters the fine reactor for fine reaction, and the second reactive distillation tower is used for carrying out fine reaction.
In the prior art formic acid synthesis method, carbon dioxide and hydrogen reactThe formation of formic acid is limited in thermodynamics, and the existing processes all need to add organic or inorganic base in the reaction system to react with formic acid to form formate so as to push the reaction to move towards the formation of formic acid. For example, Nature Catal (2018,1, 743-; angew. chem. int. Ed. (2019,58,722-726) reports a method for preparing formic acid by catalyzing the reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen with tris (pentafluorophenyl) boron as a catalyst, but excessive inorganic base potassium carbonate is added for the reaction with formic acid; in patent CN201810255395.8, a method for preparing formic acid by using ruthenium complex as a catalyst to catalyze carbon dioxide hydrogenation is reported, and excessive KHCO is required for the reaction3To react with formic acid to drive the process; in patent CN105367404B, a method for preparing formic acid by carbon dioxide hydrogenation with a nano-porous palladium catalyst is reported, in which an excessive amount of sodium hydroxide or sodium tert-butoxide is required to react with formic acid to drive the process; in patent CN106622224A, a method for preparing formic acid by carbon dioxide hydrogenation with a nanogold-based catalyst is reported, the reaction needs to be carried out by reacting with formic acid with excessive triethylamine or triethanolamine, and the like, and thus the process is promoted, and it can be seen that in the prior art, a certain amount of organic or inorganic base needs to be added to promote the reaction.
The two reaction rectifying towers are arranged and are connected in parallel to operate simultaneously, so that the treatment capacity is improved, and the reaction efficiency is correspondingly improved.
During actual hydrogenation operation, firstly introducing carbon dioxide into a reaction rectifying tower for vacuum displacement for 2-3 times, then introducing the carbon dioxide to a certain pressure, introducing the carbon dioxide into a split-flow type micro-interface generator for dispersion and crushing, subsequently introducing hydrogen to a certain pressure, introducing the hydrogen into the split-flow type micro-interface generator for dispersion and crushing, performing dispersion and crushing on two gas phases, heating to a reaction temperature, reacting for 8-10 hours generally, and collecting a formic acid solution product from the top of the tower.
The invention is characterized in that a shunting type micro-interface generator is specially arranged in a first reaction rectifying tower, a second reaction rectifying tower and a fine reactor, and the shunting type micro-interface generator has a specific structure that a plurality of shunting channels are arranged on a micro-interface generator body. The flow dividing channel is preferably bent and arranged at the outlet of the micro-interface generator body.
Preferably, the number of the split-flow type micro-interface generators in the first reactive distillation tower is 3, the 3 split-flow type micro-interface generators are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the split-flow type micro-interface generator positioned at the upper part is arranged between tower plates in the first reactive distillation tower and is communicated with a hydrogen inlet for dispersing and crushing the entering hydrogen, and the two split-flow type micro-interface generators positioned at the lower part are arranged at the position close to the bottom of the first reactive distillation tower and are both communicated with a carbon dioxide inlet for dispersing and crushing the entering carbon dioxide.
Preferably, the upper part inside the first reactive distillation column is opposite to the direction of the flow distribution channel on the flow distribution type micro interface in the middle part, and the flow distribution channel of the flow distribution type micro interface generator at the bottom faces the bottom of the first reactive distillation column.
Preferably, the number of the divided-flow type micro-interface generators in the second reactive distillation tower is two, and the two divided-flow type micro-interface generators are respectively arranged between adjacent tower plates in the second reactive distillation tower.
Preferably, inside the second reactive distillation column, the split-flow type micro-interface generator located at the upper part is communicated with the hydrogen inlet, and the split-flow type micro-interface generator located at the lower part is communicated with the carbon dioxide inlet.
Preferably, the direction of the distribution channel in the upper distribution type micro-interface generator inside the second reactive distillation tower is downward, and the direction of the distribution channel in the lower distribution type micro-interface generator is upward. The arrangement directions of the two flow dividing channels are just opposite, so that the opposite impact effect is achieved on one hand, and the air bubbles are dispersed and collected on the other hand.
As for the reactive distillation tower of the invention, no matter the first reactive distillation tower or the second reactive distillation tower is internally provided with a plurality of tower plates, a catalyst and a solvent generally enter from a tower bottom, hydrogen and carbon dioxide enter from the middle sections of the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower, in order to improve the reaction effect, three micro-interface generators of the first reactive distillation tower are provided, the directions of flow distribution channels arranged on the three flow distribution type micro-interface generators are different, the relative arrangement of the top and the middle part is used for better playing a hedging effect, the bottom is arranged at the tower bottom of the first reactive distillation tower so as to be close to a mixed inlet of the solvent and the catalyst, and the micro-interface generator at the bottom is selected to be communicated with the carbon dioxide inlet, because the carbon dioxide introduced firstly can better react with a liquid phase, and the direction of the flow distribution channel is downward also used for improving the contact with the liquid phase at the bottom, the subsequent contact with the liquid injector can be further enhanced. The micro-interface generator type arranged in the second reactive distillation tower is also a split-flow type micro-interface generator, is consistent with the micro-interface generator type arranged in the first reactive distillation tower, and can play a role in optimizing distribution of micro bubbles coming out of the micro-interface generator and improving the reaction efficiency.
Preferably, the arrangement direction of the flow distribution channel of the flow distribution type micro-interface generator inside the fine reactor faces the side wall of the fine reactor, the product outlet is just opposite to the gas dispersion crushing outlet of the micro-interface generator, and thus, a plurality of flow distribution channels are arranged at the gas dispersion crushing outlet, so that the dispersed bubbles can be distributed, more micro-bubbles can be gathered around the product outlet, and the reaction effect is improved.
In a word, the micro-interface generator in the first reaction rectifying tower, the second reaction rectifying tower and the rectifying reactor breaks the gas phase into micro-bubbles with micron scale, and releases the micro-bubbles to the reaction rectifying tower and the rectifying reactor so as to increase the mass transfer area of the phase boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase in the hydrogenation reaction, thus leading the two phases to be fully contacted, improving the reaction efficiency, shortening the reaction time and fully reducing the reaction pressure and temperature.
It should be noted that each of the micro-interface generators provided in the enhanced micro-interface reaction system of the present invention is the same type, and the micro-interface generator body of the split-flow type micro-interface generator is a pneumatic micro-interface generator. However, the type of the introduced gas phase is different from the specific function, the second reactive distillation tower also plays a role in supplementing and increasing the reaction effect of the first reactive distillation tower, and a micro-interface generator with a special structure and a flow dividing channel is specially adopted to play a better reaction effect.
Therefore, the enhanced micro-interface reaction system of the invention just needs to adopt the micro-interface generators to disperse and crush the two gas-phase raw materials entering the system, so the setting position, the specific type and the sample introduction mode of the micro-interface generators need to be adjusted according to the type of the gas-phase entering the system and the specific action of each micro-interface generator, thereby achieving the optimal reaction effect. In order to fix the shunting type micro-interface generator in the reaction rectifying tower well, fixing rods are specially arranged on two sides of the shunting type micro-interface generator so as to be fixed on the inner wall of the reaction rectifying tower.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the micro-interface generator used in the present invention is described in the prior patents of the present inventor, such as the patents of application numbers CN201610641119.6, CN201610641251.7, CN201710766435.0, CN106187660, CN105903425A, CN109437390A, CN205833127U and CN 207581700U. The detailed structure and operation principle of the micro bubble generator (i.e. micro interface generator) is described in detail in the prior patent CN201610641119.6, which describes that "the micro bubble generator comprises a body and a secondary crushing member, wherein the body is provided with a cavity, the body is provided with an inlet communicated with the cavity, the opposite first end and second end of the cavity are both open, and the cross-sectional area of the cavity decreases from the middle of the cavity to the first end and second end of the cavity; the secondary crushing member is disposed at least one of the first end and the second end of the cavity, a portion of the secondary crushing member is disposed within the cavity, and an annular passage is formed between the secondary crushing member and the through holes open at both ends of the cavity. The micron bubble generator also comprises an air inlet pipe and a liquid inlet pipe. "the specific working principle of the structure disclosed in the application document is as follows: liquid enters the micro-bubble generator tangentially through the liquid inlet pipe, and gas is rotated at a super high speed and cut to break gas bubbles into micro-bubbles at a micron level, so that the mass transfer area between a liquid phase and a gas phase is increased, and the micro-bubble generator in the patent belongs to a pneumatic micro-interface generator.
In addition, the first patent 201610641251.7 describes that the primary bubble breaker has a circulation liquid inlet, a circulation gas inlet and a gas-liquid mixture outlet, and the secondary bubble breaker communicates the feed inlet with the gas-liquid mixture outlet, which indicates that the bubble breakers all need to be mixed with gas and liquid, and in addition, as can be seen from the following drawings, the primary bubble breaker mainly uses the circulation liquid as power, so that the primary bubble breaker belongs to a hydraulic micro-interface generator, and the secondary bubble breaker simultaneously introduces the gas-liquid mixture into an elliptical rotating ball for rotation, thereby realizing bubble breaking in the rotating process, so that the secondary bubble breaker actually belongs to a gas-liquid linkage micro-interface generator. In fact, the micro-interface generator is a specific form of the micro-interface generator, whether it is a hydraulic micro-interface generator or a gas-liquid linkage micro-interface generator, however, the micro-interface generator adopted in the present invention is not limited to the above forms, and the specific structure of the bubble breaker described in the prior patent is only one of the forms that the micro-interface generator of the present invention can adopt.
Furthermore, the prior patent 201710766435.0 states that the principle of the bubble breaker is that high-speed jet flows are used to achieve mutual collision of gases, and also states that the bubble breaker can be used in a micro-interface strengthening reactor to verify the correlation between the bubble breaker and the micro-interface generator; moreover, in the prior patent CN106187660, there is a related description on the specific structure of the bubble breaker, see paragraphs [0031] to [0041] in the specification, and the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the specific working principle of the bubble breaker S-2 in detail, the top of the bubble breaker is a liquid phase inlet, and the side of the bubble breaker is a gas phase inlet, and the liquid phase coming from the top provides the entrainment power, so as to achieve the effect of breaking into ultra-fine bubbles, and in the accompanying drawings, the bubble breaker is also seen to be of a tapered structure, and the diameter of the upper part is larger than that of the lower part, and also for better providing the entrainment power for the liquid phase.
Since the micro-interface generator was just developed in the early stage of the prior patent application, the micro-interface generator was named as a micro-bubble generator (CN201610641119.6), a bubble breaker (201710766435.0) and the like in the early stage, and is named as a micro-interface generator in the later stage along with the continuous technical improvement, and the micro-interface generator in the present invention is equivalent to the micro-bubble generator, the bubble breaker and the like in the prior art, and has different names. In summary, the micro-interface generator of the present invention belongs to the prior art.
Preferably, liquid ejectors are arranged in the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower, and the liquid ejectors are communicated with the mixed inlets of the solvent and the catalyst.
Preferably, the liquid ejector is of a semicircular shape, the bottom surface of the liquid ejector is tightly attached to the side walls of the first reaction rectifying tower and the second reaction rectifying tower, a plurality of liquid ejecting pipes are arranged in the liquid ejector, the liquid ejecting pipes are connected with ejecting heads, and the ejecting heads are uniformly distributed on the semicircular surface.
Preferably, the bottom surface of the liquid injector is in communication with the solvent and catalyst mixing inlet.
The liquid phase that gets into is catalyst and solvent mainly, in order to improve the catalytic effect of catalyst, disperses the inside of reaction rectifying column with the mode of liquid ejector injection with the catalyst, more can improve its reaction effect, especially has laid many liquid injection pipes in liquid ejector inside, and every liquid injection pipe is equivalent to a microchannel, and through carrying out the multichannel with the liquid phase and laying and spraying away with the mode of spraying, strengthened the interact with the gaseous phase. Therefore, the injection pipe arranged in the liquid injector plays a good flow guide role, so that after the liquid phase is better distributed, the micro-interface generator is adopted to disperse and crush the gas phase, and meanwhile, the purpose of carrying out corresponding micro-operation on the liquid phase is also realized.
Preferably, the fine reactor is connected with a gas-liquid separation tank, and reactants after reaction in the fine reactor enter the gas-liquid separation tank for gas-liquid separation and purification.
Preferably, the top of the gas-liquid separation tank is connected with a gas phase return pipeline for separating the gas phase in the formic acid and returning the gas phase to the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower.
Preferably, the gas-liquid separation tank is connected with a separation tower for further purifying and separating the materials extracted from the gas-liquid separation tank.
Preferably, the top of the separation tower and the top of the fine reactor are both provided with pipelines communicated with the gas phase return pipeline, so that the gas phase is returned to the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower after being separated.
Preferably, the bottom of the gas-liquid separation tank is connected with a purification tower, and the purification tower is used for purifying the bottom material and then sending the bottom material into the separation tower.
The rectifying reactor is arranged for further reacting the material from the top of the tower to improve the yield, then the material enters the gas-liquid separation tank, the gas phase separated from the gas-liquid separation tank mainly contains carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and the gas phase returns to the reactive rectifying tower to be reacted and utilized again. Similarly, the gas phase separated from the top into the separation column is mainly carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and can be returned for reuse.
In addition, the material from the bottom of the gas-liquid separation tank also contains part of the target product formic acid, in order to separate and collect the formic acid in the part of the material, the invention also provides a purification tower, the components enriched with the formic acid are returned to the last separation tower to be mixed, purified and separated with the material from the gas-liquid separation tank through the rectification and purification of the purification tower, and the target product is finally obtained and stored in a product tank.
In addition, the invention also provides a reaction method for preparing formic acid by carbon dioxide hydrogenation, which comprises the following steps:
dispersing and crushing a mixed micro interface of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, a solvent and a catalyst, then carrying out hydrogenation reaction, and purifying to obtain formic acid, wherein the temperature of the hydrogenation reaction is 120-160 ℃, and the pressure of the hydrogenation reaction is 0.05-2 MPa.
Preferably, the solvent is a linear or branched alkane containing 10 to 16 carbons;
the catalyst is formate, and comprises one or more of copper formate, iron formate, cobalt formate, manganese formate and nickel formate;
the mass ratio of the solvent to the catalyst is (10:1) - (1000: 1).
Compared with the method for preparing formic acid by hydrogenating carbon dioxide in the prior art, the method disclosed by the invention uses formate which is very stable in formic acid as a catalyst, so that the stability of the catalyst in long-term use is ensured, and the stability of the reaction is further improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the two reaction rectifying towers are arranged simultaneously to promote the smooth reaction, so that the reaction is prevented from being promoted by adding organic or inorganic alkali, and the reaction efficiency is improved and the reaction operation is simplified through the process of preparing formic acid by acidifying formate;
(2) the reinforced micro-interface reaction system efficiently crushes the entering gas phase into micron-sized bubbles through the micro-interface generators arranged in the two reaction rectifying towers, and disperses the micron-sized bubbles into the solvent and the catalyst to form a micro-interface system, so that the gas-liquid interface area in the counter gas-liquid is increased by tens of times, and the mass transfer rate of the gas phase to the liquid phase is greatly increased;
(3) the method of the invention uses formate which is very stable in formic acid as a catalyst, thereby ensuring the stability of the catalyst in long-term use and further improving the stability of the reaction.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an enhanced micro-interface reaction system for preparing formic acid by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid ejector of the enhanced micro-interface reaction system for preparing formic acid by hydrogenating carbon dioxide according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Description of the drawings:
10-a first reactive distillation column; 101-a hydrogen inlet;
102-a carbon dioxide inlet; 103-solvent and catalyst mixing inlet;
a 105-formic acid outlet; 106-a liquid ejector;
1061-liquid jet tube; 1062-jet head;
20-a gas-liquid separation tank; 30-a product tank;
40-a hydrogen storage tank; 50-a carbon dioxide storage tank;
60-solvent, catalyst storage tank; 70-fine reactor;
701-split flow type micro-interface generator; 7011-micro interface generator body;
7012-a shunt channel; 80-a separation column;
90-gas phase return line; 100-a purification column;
110-second reactive distillation column.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described embodiments are some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following description is made in the form of specific embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the system for enhanced micro-interface reaction of preparing formic acid by carbon dioxide hydrogenation according to the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes a first reactive distillation column 10, a second reactive distillation column 110, a fine reactor 70, a gas-liquid separation tank 20, a separation column 80, and a purification column 100; the side walls of the first reactive distillation tower 10 and the second reactive distillation tower 110 are sequentially provided with a hydrogen inlet 101, a carbon dioxide inlet 102 and a solvent and catalyst mixing inlet 103 from top to bottom, the solvent and catalyst mixing inlet 103 is arranged at the bottoms of the first reactive distillation tower 10 and the second reactive distillation tower 110 for filling the whole first reactive distillation tower 10 and the whole second reactive distillation tower 110 with the entering solvent and catalyst, the tops of the first reactive distillation tower 10 and the second reactive distillation tower 110 are provided with a formic acid outlet 105 for discharging a product formic acid, the formic acid discharged from the formic acid outlet 105 subsequently enters the gas-liquid separation tank 20 for further purification, the hydrogen gas entering from the hydrogen inlet 101 is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 40, the carbon dioxide entering from the carbon dioxide inlet 102 is stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank 50, and the solvent entering from the catalyst mixing inlet 103 are further purified in the gas-liquid separation tank 20, The catalyst is stored in a solvent, catalyst storage tank 60.
The inside of the first reactive distillation column 10 is provided with 3 shunting type micro-interface generators 701 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, each shunting type micro-interface generator 701 is provided with a plurality of shunting channels 7012 on a micro-interface generator body 7011, the shunting type micro-interface generator 701 positioned at the upper part is arranged between column plates and is communicated with a hydrogen inlet 101 for dispersing and crushing the entering hydrogen, and the two shunting type micro-interface generators 701 positioned at the lower part are arranged at the bottom close to the first reactive distillation column 10 and are communicated with a carbon dioxide inlet 102 for dispersing and crushing the entering carbon dioxide.
The upper part inside the first reactive distillation column 10 is opposite to the direction of the flow distribution channel 7012 on the middle flow distribution type micro-interface generator 701, and the flow distribution channel 7012 of the bottom flow distribution type micro-interface generator 701 faces the bottom of the first reactive distillation column 10. The flow dividing channel 7012 is for uniformly distributing and collecting bubbles from the micro-interface generator 7011, and the direction of the flow dividing channel 7012 is adjusted to improve convection and enhance liquid phase.
The second reactive distillation tower 110 is internally provided with split-flow type micro-interface generators 701, the number of the split-flow type micro-interface generators 701 is 2, the split-flow type micro-interface generators 701 are respectively arranged between adjacent tower plates in the second reactive distillation tower 110, a split-flow channel 7012 on the split-flow type micro-interface generator 701 positioned at the upper part is arranged downwards, and a split-flow channel 7012 on the split-flow type micro-interface generator 701 positioned at the lower part is arranged upwards. The flow dividing channels 7012 on the two micro-interface generator bodies 7011 face to each other to improve the distribution and hedging effect.
In addition, the first reactive distillation column 10 and the second reactive distillation column 110 are internally provided with a liquid ejector 106, the liquid ejector 106 is communicated with the solvent and catalyst mixing inlet 103, the liquid ejector 106 is semicircular, the bottom surface of the liquid ejector 106 is tightly attached to the side walls of the first reactive distillation column 10 and the second reactive distillation column 110, a plurality of liquid ejecting pipes 1061 are distributed in the liquid ejector 106, the liquid ejecting pipes 1061 are connected with ejecting heads 1062, the ejecting heads 1062 are uniformly distributed on the semicircular surfaces, and the bottom surface of the liquid ejector 106 is communicated with the solvent and catalyst mixing inlet 103. In particular, the diversion channel 7012 of the diversion type micro-interface generator 701 at the bottom of the first reactive distillation column 10 is directed downward, and also for enhancing interaction with the liquid phase sprayed from the liquid sprayer 106.
The formic acid product from the formic acid outlet 105 passes through the fine reactor 70 and the gas-liquid separation tank 20 in sequence, the reactant after the reaction in the fine reactor 70 enters the gas-liquid separation tank 20 for gas-liquid separation and purification, the top of the gas-liquid separation tank 20 is connected with a gas phase return pipeline 90, so as to separate the gas phase in the formic acid and return the gas phase to the first reactive distillation column 10 and the second reactive distillation column 110, the gas-liquid separation tank 20 is connected with a separation column 80 for further purifying and separating the material extracted from the gas-liquid separation tank 20, the tops of the separation column 80 and the fine reactor 70 are provided with pipelines communicated with the gas phase return pipeline 90, the gas phase is separated and then returned to the first reactive distillation column 10 and the second reactive distillation column 110, and the bottom of the gas-liquid separation tank 20 is connected with a purification column 100, so that the bottom material is purified in the purification column 100 and then sent to the separation column 80.
The flow-splitting type micro-interface generator 701 is arranged in the fine reactor 70, the flow-splitting type micro-interface generator 701 is preferably arranged at the bottom in the fine reactor 70 and below a catalyst bed layer, so that the flow-splitting type micro-interface generator is closer to a product outlet and more favorable for improving the reaction efficiency of the product, and the flow-splitting channel 7012 is arranged towards the side wall of the fine reactor 70 and is more favorable for further improving the reaction efficiency.
In the specific reaction process, 200ml of n-dodecane and 10g of copper formate are added into the tower bottoms of the first reactive distillation tower 10 and the second reactive distillation tower 110, the n-dodecane and the copper formate are subjected to carbon dioxide and vacuum displacement for 3 times, then carbon dioxide is introduced to 2MPa, hydrogen is introduced to 2MPa, the tower bottoms are heated to 120 ℃ for reaction for 8 hours, 3.7g of liquid is collected from the top of the first reactive distillation tower 10, the formic acid content is calibrated to be 98.9% by nuclear magnetism, the liquid collected from the top of the tower is subjected to gas-liquid separation through the fine reactor 70 and the gas-liquid separation tank 20 in sequence, and the product obtained by the gas-liquid separation is stored in the product tank 30 after passing.
Examples 2 to 5
The other operating steps are identical to those of example 1, except that the reaction is carried out with different catalysts, the results being shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 results of reactions using different catalysts
| Examples | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Catalyst and process for preparing same | Iron formate | Cobalt formate | Manganese formate | Nickel formate |
| Overhead liquid (g) | 2.8 | 4.4 | 1.6 | 2.0 |
| Formic acid content (%) | 98.5 | 98.3 | 98.8 | 98.9 |
Examples 6 to 10
The other operating steps are identical to those of example 1, except that the reaction is carried out using different solvents, the results being shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 reaction results using different solvents
| Examples | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Solvent(s) | N-decane | Isododecane | N-tetradecane | Isotetradecane | N-hexadecane |
| Overhead liquid (g) | 3.4 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.9 |
| Formic acid content (%) | 96.6 | 98.7 | 98.6 | 98.6 | 98.9 |
Examples 11 to 13
The other operating steps are identical to those of example 1, except that the reaction is carried out at different temperatures, the results being shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 results of reactions using different temperatures
| Examples | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| Temperature (. degree.C.) | 130 | 140 | 160 |
| Overhead liquid (g) | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.3 |
| Formic acid content (%) | 99.2 | 98.9 | 98.7 |
Example 14
The other operation steps are the same as example 1, except that carbon dioxide is introduced to 0.05MPa, then hydrogen is introduced to 0.05MPa, 3.3g of liquid is collected at the top of the tower, and the content of formic acid is calibrated to 97.5% by nuclear magnetism.
In the above embodiment, the specific content of formic acid in the material from the first reactive distillation column 10 is only calibrated, and in actual operation, the specific content of formic acid in the material from the second reactive distillation column 110 is slightly higher than that of the first reactive distillation column 10 because the reaction efficiency is improved by using the micro interface generator with the flow dividing channel, and as for the product from the fine reactor 70, the formic acid content is inevitably higher than that of the material from the top of the first reactive distillation column 10 and the second reactive distillation column 110. In addition, in order to increase the dispersion and mass transfer effects, additional micro-interface generators may be additionally provided, the installation position is not limited, the micro-interface generators may be external or internal, and the micro-interface generators may be installed on the side walls of the first reactive distillation column 10 and the second reactive distillation column 110 in a manner of being opposite to each other when the micro-interface generators are internally installed, so as to realize the opposite flushing of micro-bubbles discharged from the outlets of the micro-interface generators.
In the above embodiment, the number of the pump bodies is not specifically required, and the pump bodies may be arranged at corresponding positions as required.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An enhanced micro-interface reaction system for preparing formic acid by carbon dioxide hydrogenation is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a first reactive distillation tower, a second reactive distillation tower and a fine reactor, wherein the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower are connected in parallel; the side walls of the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower are sequentially provided with a hydrogen inlet, a carbon dioxide inlet and a mixed inlet of a solvent and a catalyst from top to bottom;
the first reactive distillation tower, the second reactive distillation tower and the fine reactor are internally provided with a shunting type micro-interface generator, the shunting type micro-interface generator is characterized in that a plurality of shunting channels are arranged on a micro-interface generator body, the hydrogen inlet and the carbon dioxide inlet are connected with any shunting type micro-interface generator arranged inside the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower, and the shunting type micro-interface generator is arranged in liquid descending pipes of the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower;
the mixed inlet of the solvent and the catalyst is arranged at the bottoms of the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower so as to fill the whole first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower with the entered solvent and the entered catalyst;
the tops of the first reactive distillation tower and the second reactive distillation tower are provided with formic acid outlets for discharging formic acid products, the formic acid coming out of the formic acid outlets subsequently enters the fine reactor for fine reaction, and the second reactive distillation tower is used for carrying out fine reaction.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the number of the split-flow type micro-interface generators in the first reactive distillation column is 3, 3 split-flow type micro-interface generators are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the split-flow type micro-interface generator positioned at the upper part is arranged between tower plates in the first reactive distillation column and is communicated with a hydrogen inlet for dispersing and crushing the entering hydrogen, and the two split-flow type micro-interface generators positioned at the lower part are arranged at the position close to the bottom of the first reactive distillation column and are communicated with a carbon dioxide inlet for dispersing and crushing the entering carbon dioxide.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the upper portion of the interior of the first reactive distillation column is opposite to the direction of the flow-splitting channel of the middle split-flow type micro-interface generator, and the flow-splitting channel of the bottom split-flow type micro-interface generator faces the bottom of the first reactive distillation column.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the number of the divided-flow type micro-interface generators in the second reactive distillation column is 2, and the divided-flow type micro-interface generators are respectively arranged between adjacent tower plates in the second reactive distillation column.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the distribution channels of the upper split-flow type micro-interface generator are arranged downward and the distribution channels of the lower split-flow type micro-interface generator are arranged upward.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the flow-splitting channels of the flow-splitting micro-interface generator inside the fine reactor are oriented toward the sidewall of the fine reactor.
7. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein liquid injectors are disposed in the first reactive distillation column and the second reactive distillation column, and the liquid injectors are communicated with the mixed inlet of the solvent and the catalyst.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the liquid ejector is semi-circular, the bottom of the liquid ejector is tightly attached to the sidewalls of the first reactive distillation column and the second reactive distillation column, a plurality of liquid ejection pipes are arranged in the liquid ejector, the liquid ejection pipes are connected with ejection heads, and the ejection heads are uniformly distributed on the semi-circular surface.
9. The reaction method of the enhanced micro-interface reaction system for preparing formic acid by hydrogenating carbon dioxide according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which comprises the following steps:
dispersing and crushing a mixed micro interface of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, a solvent and a catalyst, then carrying out hydrogenation reaction, and purifying to obtain formic acid, wherein the temperature of the hydrogenation reaction is 120-160 ℃, and the pressure of the hydrogenation reaction is 0.05-2 MPa.
10. The reaction process of claim 9, wherein the solvent is a linear or branched alkane containing 10-16 carbons;
the catalyst is formate, and comprises one or more of copper formate, iron formate, cobalt formate, manganese formate and nickel formate;
the mass ratio of the solvent to the catalyst is (10:1) - (1000: 1).
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| WO2022105300A1 (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-27 | 南京延长反应技术研究院有限公司 | Enhanced micro-interface reaction system and method for preparing formic acid by carbon dioxide hydrogenation |
| WO2022205717A1 (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2022-10-06 | 南京延长反应技术研究院有限公司 | Reaction system and method for preparing butyraldehyde by propylene carbonylation |
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