CN112395688A - Method for calculating optimal attack angle of sail of ship - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of propulsion control of ship sails, and particularly relates to a method for calculating an optimal attack angle of a ship sail. The invention analyzes by applying the aerodynamic principle, decomposes the resultant force borne by the ship sail along the chord length direction and the vertical chord length direction of the sail to obtain the lift force and the resistance borne by the sail, obtains the condition of maximizing the thrust by combining different decomposition conditions, establishes the relationship between the sail parameters and the optimal attack angle to obtain the optimal power angle of the ship sail, and has better applicability. The invention is realized by drawing a straight line with a slope of-tan theta passing through the origin and translating the straight line to sum with CL‑CDThe curves are tangent, the tangent point of the curve and the straight line is the calculated optimal attack angle of the ship sail, and the result is visual and easy to measure. The invention solves the problem of maximum solving of the thrust of the ship sail under the action of wind power, provides reference for an angle control system of the ship sail, and is beneficial to the development of propelling the ship sail。
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of propulsion control of ship sails, and particularly relates to a method for calculating an optimal attack angle of a ship sail.
Background
The wind power propulsion system of the ship aims to save energy, reduce emission, ensure full utilization of wind energy, ensure that the ship obtains the best wind power propulsion benefit in the sailing process and needs to ensure that the sail is at the best attack angle. Modeling of the sail and the wind field is carried out through GAMBIT software, simulating is carried out through FLUENT software to obtain a sail parameter curve, vector operation analysis and the like are carried out on the wind direction, the wind speed and the ship set sailing route direction by combining an aerodynamic principle and a design algorithm, a corresponding optimal attack angle obtained on the parameter curve is obtained when the wind speed and the ship sailing direction are set, the thrust borne by the sail is maximized along the set direction, and the position to which the sail needs to rotate at the moment is the optimal sail angle with the optimal sailing effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating an optimal attack angle of a ship sail.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: obtaining a sail model of a ship and the sailing speed v of the shipSThe navigation process comprises the steps of establishing a model of the sail of the ship, converting the model of the sail of the ship into a two-dimensional model, carrying out discretization treatment on the surface of the two-dimensional model and defining boundary conditions;
step 2: obtaining the wind speed v of sea wind in the current environmentWAnd a wind direction angle theta, and establishing a wind power field model;
and step 3: setting calculation precision i and establishing a sail attack angle calculation set
And 4, step 4: the two-dimensional model of the sail is placed into the established wind field, and the lift coefficient C of the sail is drawnLAnd coefficient of resistance CDThe relationship curve of (1);
wherein ρ is the air density; v is apparent sea wind speed, i.e. ship sailing speed vSAnd velocity v of sea windWThe vector sum of (1); s is the area of the sail; the lift force L is the force of the sail perpendicular to the apparent wind direction; the resistance D is the force of the sail along the apparent wind direction;
and 5: drawing a straight line having a slope of-tan θ through the origin, the straight line being parallel to CL-CDAnd the sail attack angle corresponding to the tangent point of the curve is the optimal ship sail attack angle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention analyzes by applying the aerodynamic principle, decomposes the resultant force borne by the ship sail along the chord length direction and the vertical chord length direction of the sail to obtain the lift force and the resistance borne by the sail, obtains the condition of maximizing the thrust by combining different decomposition conditions, establishes the relationship between the sail parameters and the optimal attack angle to obtain the optimal power angle of the ship sail, and has better applicability. The invention is realized by drawing a straight line with a slope of-tan theta passing through the origin and translating the straight line to sum with CL-CDThe curves are tangent, the tangent point of the curve and the straight line is the calculated optimal attack angle of the ship sail, and the result is visual and easy to measure. The invention solves the problem of maximum solving of the thrust of the ship sail under the action of wind power, provides reference for an angle control system of the ship sail, and is beneficial to the development of propelling the ship sail.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a wind farm model diagram.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of mesh division.
FIG. 3 is CL-CDA parametric curve.
Fig. 4 is a force analysis diagram of the sail of the ship.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for calculating an optimal attack angle of a ship sail in a ship wind propulsion control system, which aims to solve the problem of solving the problem of the maximum attack angle of the ship sail thrust along the sailing direction when the ship sail is exposed to wind.
A method for calculating the optimal attack angle of a ship sail comprises the steps of establishing a two-dimensional model of the ship sail through GAMBIT software, carrying out surface discretization processing on the model and defining boundary conditions. Guiding the processed grid model into FLUENT software, placing the grid model into a defined turbulent flow K-epsilon model wind field for simulation, changing an attack angle within the range of 0-90 degrees under the condition of fixed pulsation and fixed wind speed, measuring every 5 degrees after defining the directions of measuring lift force and resistance, iterating the result for 1000 times, and disclosing
Obtaining the lift coefficient C of the sail of the shipLCoefficient of resistance CDA relationship curve.
The aerodynamic characteristics of the sail are subjected to stress analysis and vector operation through the aerodynamic principle, the force of the sail along the apparent wind direction is defined as resistance, the force of the sail perpendicular to the apparent wind direction is defined as lift, the vector sum of the force and the lift forms a resultant force, the resultant force is decomposed into two component forces perpendicular to each other, the component forces are respectively thrust along the ship navigation direction and transverse force perpendicular to the ship navigation direction, and the aerodynamic coefficient relation is obtained through operation
CT＝CL sinθ-CD cosθ
CH＝CH cosθ+CH sinθ
The algorithm is used for the formula after the model number of the sail is determined
Make a derivationThe number is obtained as the extreme point corresponding to the angle of attack of the sail, at CL-CDAnd drawing a curve tangent to the curve with the slope of-tan theta, wherein the tangent point corresponds to the sail attack angle, namely the optimal attack angle.
The existing sail propulsion technology has less description on an optimal attack angle algorithm, lacks an accurate and scientific algorithm method, and has less related combination analysis due to professional differences.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the problem of thrust maximization solution of the ship sail under the action of wind power is solved, the optimal attack angle algorithm of the ship sail is provided, reference is provided for an angle control system of the ship sail, and the ship sail propelling development is facilitated.
(2) The method is characterized in that an aerodynamic principle is used for analysis, resultant force borne by the ship sail is decomposed along the chord length direction and the vertical chord length direction of the sail, so that lift force and resistance borne by the sail can be obtained, the condition that the thrust is maximized is obtained by combining different decomposition conditions, the relation between sail parameters and an optimal attack angle is established, and the optimal power angle of the ship sail is obtained, so that the method has good applicability.
(3) When the GAMBIT software is used for carrying out gridding processing, grid density is increased for positions with large changes of the radian of the ship sail and other parts needing important analysis, the Ratio (proportion) of partial areas is increased to 1.05, and the accuracy of measurement results is improved.
(4) When the boundary conditions are defined through GAMBIT software, the semi-arc boundary of the boundary conditions of the wind field is defined as velocity-inlet, the rectangular boundary is defined as pressure _ far _ field, and the position possibly influencing force analysis in the boundary is defined as a far field or an outlet of wind, so that errors caused by vortex in the field are avoided.
(5) When the calculation is carried out through FLUENT software, the convergence is accelerated by adjusting the under-relaxation factor of SIMPLEC, which is helpful for eliminating interference and obtaining clear test results.
(6) And processing the measured data to obtain a lift coefficient resistance coefficient, marking each point of the table through MATLAB, and fitting the curve by using a cubic spline function interpolation method to improve the smoothness of the curve and facilitate value taking.
(7) When the attack angle direction is changed from 0-90 degrees, the measurement is carried out once every 5 degrees, the stress measurement is respectively carried out by iteration for 1000 times, the obtained results exceed 19 groups in total, the surface condition of the ship sail is approximately reduced, and the experimental accuracy is improved.
(8) And for the obtained parameter curve, a straight line passing through the origin is made, when the included angle between the straight line and the negative direction of the x axis is, the slope k of the straight line is equal to tan, so that the slope k of the straight line is equal to tan, the straight line passing through the origin is made, the straight line is translated to be tangent to the curve, and the tangent point of the corresponding curve and the straight line is the optimal ship sail attack angle, so that the result is visual and easy to measure.
Through the parameter curve, the ship sail obtains the optimal attack angle under the condition of different wind direction angles, the ship wind propulsion is realized, the wind energy is fully utilized, and the energy conservation and environmental protection are facilitated.
As shown in FIG. 1, the model of the wing close to the circular arc sail is Fage & Collins 2, and two-dimensional modeling is carried out. Defining the right side of the model as a rectangular field, wherein the field length is 20c (c is chord length, the same below) and the width is 25 c; the left side of its left vertex is defined as a semi-circular arc field with a radius of 12.5 c. The left field and the right field are tangent to each other in a coordinate system on the y axis to form the whole wind field. As shown in fig. 2, when the line grid is divided, Ratio is 1.05, and the intersalval count on each side of the definition model is 5, so the total number of the grids on the upper surface is 80, in order to ensure that the grid division density is uniform, the semicircular arc boundary intersalval count is 300, the rectangular side intersalval count is 150 and 80, the type of the corresponding grid unit is defined as Quad, and the division method is Map. The type of the boundary is defined in GAMBIT, a semi-arc boundary is defined as velocity-inlet, a rectangular boundary is defined as pressure _ far _ field, and a wing boundary is defined as WALL. When detecting lift, defining a test direction X ═ -sin θ, Y ═ cos θ; when detecting the resistance, the test direction X is defined as cos θ and Y is defined as sin θ. The data are compiled into a curve, and the curve is fitted through MATLAB, and the curve is shown in figure 3, so that a parameter curve which changes along with the increasing of the wind direction angle is obtained.
Let the ship's speed v as shown in FIG. 4STrue sea wind velocity vWApparent sea wind speed v (the apparent wind speed is the vector sum of the ship sailing speed and the real sea wind speed), air density is rho, the area of the sail is S, and the lift coefficient CLCoefficient of resistance CDCoefficient of thrust CTCoefficient of transverse force CHThe wind direction angle is theta, the attack angle of the sail is alpha, the force of the sail along the apparent wind direction is resistance D, the force of the sail perpendicular to the apparent wind direction is lift L, the vector sum of the two forms resultant force F, and the resultant force is decomposed into two components perpendicular to each other, which are respectively thrust along the ship navigation direction and transverse force perpendicular to the ship navigation direction, and the calculation formula of the forces is
Aerodynamic coefficient relation of ship sail
CT＝CL sinθ-CD cosθ
CH＝CL cosθ+CD sinθ
According to the formula, the thrust of the ship sail is determined by the thrust coefficient, the air density, the apparent wind speed and the sail area. When the type of the sail is determined, the sum of the thrust coefficient and the lift coefficient of the sail is addedThe resistance coefficient is related to the wind direction angle, and since the wind direction angle is 0-90 degrees, the derivation is carried out on the formula, so that
When the derivative is 0, the function obtains the extreme point, and the corresponding point is corresponding to the attack angle of the sail, that is, the angle is obtained
Due to sail shape determination, when the wind speed value is constant, curves can be obtained corresponding to different wind direction angles, so that corresponding to the same wind speed value and different wind direction angles, the thrust is only related, derivation is carried out under the above conditions, a curve with a tangent slope of-tan theta is made in the curve, and the tangent point corresponding to the sail attack angle is the optimal attack angle.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for calculating the optimal attack angle of a ship sail is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: obtaining a sail model of a ship and the sailing speed v of the shipSThe navigation process comprises the steps of establishing a model of the sail of the ship, converting the model of the sail of the ship into a two-dimensional model, carrying out discretization treatment on the surface of the two-dimensional model and defining boundary conditions;
step 2: obtaining the wind speed v of sea wind in the current environmentWAnd a wind direction angle theta, and establishing a wind power field model;
and step 3: setting calculation precision i and establishing a sail attack angle calculation set
And 4, step 4: the two-dimensional model of the sail is placed into the established wind field, and the lift coefficient C of the sail is drawnLAnd coefficient of resistance CDThe relationship curve of (1);
wherein ρ is the air density; v is apparent sea wind speed, i.e. ship sailing speed vSAnd velocity v of sea windWThe vector sum of (1); s is the area of the sail; the lift force L is the force of the sail perpendicular to the apparent wind direction; the resistance D is the force of the sail along the apparent wind direction;
and 5: drawing a straight line having a slope of-tan θ through the origin, the straight line being parallel to CL-CDAnd the sail attack angle corresponding to the tangent point of the curve is the optimal ship sail attack angle.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113479060A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-08 | 深圳市人工智能与机器人研究院 | Control method for automatic driving of light unmanned wing sail vehicle |
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Application publication date: 20210223 |