CN112389277A - Fuel cell vehicle and hydrogen safety control method, device and system thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell vehicle and hydrogen safety control method, device and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112389277A CN112389277A CN201910745029.5A CN201910745029A CN112389277A CN 112389277 A CN112389277 A CN 112389277A CN 201910745029 A CN201910745029 A CN 201910745029A CN 112389277 A CN112389277 A CN 112389277A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell vehicle and a hydrogen safety control method, a device and a system thereof, wherein the method detects the pressure and the temperature of a hydrogen storage bottle in real time, and determines the quality of hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen storage bottle within set time according to the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle at different times and the volume of the hydrogen storage bottle; determining the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle according to the quality of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage bottle within set time, the set time and the hydrogen density under standard conditions; and if the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle is greater than the set maximum gas release rate, controlling the hydrogen storage bottle to stop releasing gas. The invention can utilize the existing temperature sensor and pressure sensor on the fuel cell vehicle to detect the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle, can prevent the hydrogen leakage condition without using the over-flow valve, reduce the cost of the hydrogen system; meanwhile, because a flow passing valve is not needed, the number of high-pressure pipeline joints is greatly reduced, pipeline leakage points are reduced, the safety of a hydrogen system is improved, and the safe operation of a fuel cell vehicle is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell vehicles, and particularly relates to a fuel cell vehicle and a hydrogen safety control method, device and system thereof.
Background
The fuel cell is a device for directly converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, can continuously output the electric energy only by introducing the fuel and oxidant, and has the advantages of high energy conversion rate, cleanness and environmental protection. The fuel cell automobile has become an important direction for the development of new energy automobiles due to the advantages of high efficiency, zero emission and the like.
However, the current hydrogen storage mode of the fuel cell vehicle is to store hydrogen by adopting a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle, and compared with the traditional fuel vehicle, the fuel cell vehicle has the defects of difficult fuel storage, easy leakage and the like.
In order to prevent a large amount of high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle from leaking to cause hydrogen combustion or explosion, an overflow valve is generally arranged at a bottle opening valve of the hydrogen storage bottle, and when the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle flows out through the bottle opening valve in a large amount and exceeds a flow set value of the overflow valve, the overflow valve is automatically closed. However, the overflow valve is expensive, which increases the system cost, and the overflow valve needs to be used in cooperation with the three-way interface, which is also expensive, so that the system cost is high. For example, in the case of an 8-cylinder hydrogen system commonly used in fuel cell vehicles, each bottle opening is provided with 1 flow passing valve, and a three-way joint for connecting the flow passing valves is required to be connected with other hydrogen storage cylinders, as shown in fig. 1, for a total of 8 flow passing valves and 7 three-way joints.
The use of three way connection increases the number of hydrogen system pipeline connections and increases the risk of hydrogen leakage. For example, in the case of an 8-cylinder hydrogen system, the number of pipe joints is increased by 22, and the number of pipe joints of the hydrogen system is increased by nearly 30%.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hydrogen safety control method for a fuel cell vehicle, which is used for solving the problem of high cost caused by adopting an overflow valve to prevent hydrogen leakage; the invention also provides a hydrogen safety control device of the fuel cell vehicle, which is used for solving the problem of high cost caused by adopting the overflow valve to prevent hydrogen leakage; the invention also provides a hydrogen safety control system of the fuel cell vehicle, which is used for solving the problem of high cost caused by adopting the overflow valve to prevent hydrogen leakage; the invention also provides a fuel cell vehicle, which is used for solving the problem of high cost caused by adopting the overflow valve to prevent hydrogen leakage.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention discloses a hydrogen safety control method of a fuel cell vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
detecting the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle in real time, and determining the quality of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage bottle within set time according to the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle at different moments and the volume of the hydrogen storage bottle; determining the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle according to the quality of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage bottle within set time, the set time and the hydrogen density under standard conditions; and if the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle is greater than the set maximum gas release rate, controlling the hydrogen storage bottle to stop releasing gas.
The invention relates to a hydrogen safety control device of a fuel cell vehicle, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the processor is used for executing instructions stored in the memory to realize the following method steps:
detecting the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle in real time, and determining the quality of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage bottle within set time according to the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle at different moments and the volume of the hydrogen storage bottle; determining the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle according to the quality of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage bottle within set time, the set time and the hydrogen density under standard conditions; and if the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle is greater than the set maximum gas release rate, controlling the hydrogen storage bottle to stop releasing gas.
The invention discloses a fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control system, which comprises a fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control device, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a control valve, wherein the pressure sensor is connected with the control valve; the pressure sensor is used for detecting the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle; the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle; the control valve is arranged at the opening of the hydrogen storage bottle; the fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control apparatus includes a memory and a processor for executing instructions stored in the memory to implement the method steps of:
detecting the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle in real time, and determining the quality of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage bottle within set time according to the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle at different moments and the volume of the hydrogen storage bottle; determining the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle according to the quality of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage bottle within set time, the set time and the hydrogen density under standard conditions; and if the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle is greater than the set maximum gas release rate, controlling the hydrogen storage bottle to stop releasing gas.
The beneficial effects are as follows: the method and the device can quickly and simply calculate the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle according to the detected temperature and pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle, the volume of the hydrogen storage bottle and the like, and control the hydrogen storage bottle to stop releasing gas when judging that the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle is larger so as to prevent the hydrogen from leaking in large quantity. The invention can utilize the existing temperature sensor and pressure sensor on the fuel cell vehicle to detect the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle, can detect the deflation rate of the hydrogen storage bottle without using an over-flow valve, and controls the hydrogen storage bottle to stop deflation when detecting that the deflation rate is faster, thereby preventing the occurrence of the condition of large amount of hydrogen leakage and reducing the cost of a hydrogen system; meanwhile, because a flow passing valve is not needed, the number of high-pressure pipeline joints is greatly reduced, pipeline leakage points are reduced, the safety of a hydrogen system is improved, and the safe operation of a fuel cell vehicle is ensured.
As a further improvement of the method, the device and the system, in order to improve the safety of the hydrogen system of the fuel cell vehicle, the maximum set air bleeding rate is n times of the maximum required hydrogen flow of the fuel cell system, and n is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5.
As a further improvement of the system, the temperature sensor is arranged at the mouth of the hydrogen storage bottle in order to accurately measure the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle so as to improve the accuracy of calculation of the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle.
As a further improvement of the system, the pressure sensor is arranged at the opening of the hydrogen storage bottle in order to accurately measure the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle so as to improve the accuracy of calculation of the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle.
As a further improvement of the system, the control valve is an electromagnetic valve for automatically controlling the hydrogen storage bottle to stop the air release simply and conveniently.
The invention also provides a fuel cell vehicle, which comprises a vehicle body, a hydrogen system and a fuel cell, wherein the hydrogen system comprises the fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control system so as to realize the same effect as the fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art parallel connection of 8 vial groups;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a series connection of 8 vial groups according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the vehicle is as follows:
this embodiment provides a fuel cell vehicle including a vehicle body, a hydrogen system, and a fuel cell that powers the vehicle. The hydrogen system is a device related to hydrogen gas filling, storage, delivery, supply, and control from a hydrogen gas filling port to a fuel cell inlet. The hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storage bottle, the hydrogen storage bottle is provided with an air inlet for filling the hydrogen, and the bottle mouth of the hydrogen storage bottle is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell through a corresponding pipeline. To improve the safety of the hydrogen system, the hydrogen system includes a fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control system.
The fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control system includes a fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control device, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and a control valve. The pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are respectively used for detecting the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle; the control valve is used for controlling whether the hydrogen storage bottle is deflated or not, and an electromagnetic valve can be adopted. The positions of the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are not limited as long as the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage cylinder can be detected, and for example, both may be provided at the mouth of the hydrogen storage cylinder. As shown in figure 2, after the hydrogen storage bottle mouth valves are connected in series, the overflow valve and the three-way joint of the hydrogen storage bottle mouth are cancelled, and the connecting pipeline between the hydrogen storage bottles is directly changed into a steel pipe connection by connecting the original bottle mouth valve and the overflow valve in series and then connecting the connecting pipeline through the three-way joint.
The fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control device comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are directly or indirectly electrically connected to realize data transmission or interaction, the processor can be a general processor such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other programmable logic devices such as a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) or a vehicle controller in a vehicle, and the processor is used for executing instructions stored in the memory to realize a fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control method. The method is described in detail below.
First, at time t, the pressure P of the hydrogen storage cylinder at time t is detected by a pressure sensort(in Mpa), detecting the temperature T of the hydrogen storage bottle at time T by a temperature sensort(in K); at the time t + delta t, the pressure P of the hydrogen storage cylinder at the time t + delta t is detected by the pressure sensort+Δt(in Mpa), detecting the temperature T of the hydrogen storage bottle at the time of T + delta T by a temperature sensort+Δt(in K); according to Pt、Tt、Pt+Δt、Tt+ΔtAnd volume V (in m) of the hydrogen storage cylinder3) Determining the mass Δ m (in Kg) of hydrogen gas evolved by the hydrogen storage bottle during the time period t to t + Δ t:
wherein m istM is the mass (in Kg) of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder at time tt+ΔtThe mass (in Kg) of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder at the time t + Deltat, R is the gas constant, and the gas constant of hydrogen is 4124J/(Kg. K). The derivation process of the mass of hydrogen in hydrogen storage is as follows:
the hydrogen gas at high pressure is described using the real gas equation of state with compression factor:
PV＝ZmRT (2)
wherein P is the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle, V is the volume of the hydrogen storage bottle, m is the mass of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle, R is a gas constant, and T is the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle; z is a compression factor ofA function of the pressure P of the hydrogen storage cylinder and the temperature T of the hydrogen storage cylinder,
the data in the common hydrogen pressure and temperature range of 1Mpa-100Mpa and 173K-393K can be selected for fitting, the data is obtained by fitting the data of the real hydrogen performance provided by a National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) material performance database, and the fitting result is as follows:
according to equation (2), the calculation formula for the mass of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder is:
then, according to the mass Δ m and Δ t of hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen storage bottle in the time period from t to t + Δ t and the hydrogen density ρ under the standard condition, determining the gas release rate v (unit is L/s) of the hydrogen storage bottle:
wherein rho is the hydrogen density under standard condition and is 0.0899Kg/m3。
Finally, judging whether the calculated gas release rate v of the hydrogen storage bottle is more than or equal to the set maximum value nv of the gas release ratefc，vfcBurning the maximum required hydrogen flow (in L/s) for the fuel cell system if v ≧ nvfcIf the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle is too high and exceeds the normal demand range, the control valve at the opening of the hydrogen storage bottle is controlled to be closed, so that the hydrogen storage bottle is prevented from continuously releasing gas.
N in the formula is a safety coefficient, the lower limit of the safety coefficient is obtained by comprehensively measuring and calculating data based on the reading fluctuation range of the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor and practical application, the upper limit of the safety coefficient is obtained by analyzing and testing the lowest pressure difference and the caliber between the hydrogen storage bottle and a leakage point where a large amount of hydrogen leakage is likely to occur, and n is generally more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5.
In conclusion, the fuel cell vehicle omits a flow passing valve and a part of three-way joints, reduces the system cost and improves the safety of the fuel cell vehicle. Moreover, the connecting pipeline between the hydrogen storage bottles is directly changed into a steel pipe for connection, the number of connecting points between the hydrogen storage bottles is greatly reduced, parts are also reduced, and further the workload of pipeline installation is reduced, and the labor cost is reduced.
The embodiment of the system is as follows:
this embodiment provides a fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control system, which is a fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control system in the vehicle embodiment, and therefore, details thereof are not described again in this embodiment.
The embodiment of the device is as follows:
this embodiment provides a fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control device, which is the fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control device in the vehicle embodiment, and therefore, the details thereof are not described again in this embodiment.
The method comprises the following steps:
this embodiment provides a hydrogen safety control method for a fuel cell vehicle, which is the hydrogen safety control method for a fuel cell vehicle in the vehicle embodiment, and therefore, details thereof are not repeated in this embodiment.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. A hydrogen safety control method for a fuel cell vehicle, characterized by comprising the steps of:
detecting the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle in real time, and determining the quality of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage bottle within set time according to the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle at different moments and the volume of the hydrogen storage bottle;
determining the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle according to the quality of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage bottle within set time, the set time and the hydrogen density under standard conditions;
and if the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle is greater than the set maximum gas release rate, controlling the hydrogen storage bottle to stop releasing gas.
2. The fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the set purge rate maximum value is n times the maximum required hydrogen flow rate of the fuel cell system, and 2. ltoreq. n.ltoreq.5.
3. A fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control apparatus comprising a memory and a processor for executing instructions stored in the memory to implement the method steps of:
detecting the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle in real time, and determining the quality of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage bottle within set time according to the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle at different moments and the volume of the hydrogen storage bottle;
determining the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle according to the quality of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage bottle within set time, the set time and the hydrogen density under standard conditions;
and if the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle is greater than the set maximum gas release rate, controlling the hydrogen storage bottle to stop releasing gas.
4. The fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control device according to claim 3, characterized in that the set purge rate maximum value is n times the maximum required hydrogen flow rate of the fuel cell system, and 2. ltoreq. n.ltoreq.5.
5. A fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control system is characterized by comprising a fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control device, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a control valve;
the pressure sensor is used for detecting the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle;
the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle;
the control valve is arranged at the opening of the hydrogen storage bottle;
the fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control apparatus includes a memory and a processor for executing instructions stored in the memory to implement the method steps of:
detecting the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle in real time, and determining the quality of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage bottle within set time according to the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle at different moments and the volume of the hydrogen storage bottle;
determining the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle according to the quality of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage bottle within set time, the set time and the hydrogen density under standard conditions;
and if the gas release rate of the hydrogen storage bottle is greater than the set maximum gas release rate, controlling the hydrogen storage bottle to stop releasing gas.
6. The fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control system according to claim 5, characterized in that the set purge rate maximum value is n times the maximum required hydrogen flow rate of the fuel cell system, and 2. ltoreq. n.ltoreq.5.
7. The fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the temperature sensor is provided at a hydrogen storage bottleneck.
8. The fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the pressure sensor is provided at a hydrogen storage cylinder port.
9. The fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the control valve is a solenoid valve.
10. A fuel cell vehicle comprising a vehicle body, a hydrogen system, and a fuel cell, characterized in that the hydrogen system comprises the fuel cell vehicle hydrogen safety control system according to any one of claims 5 to 9.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN113451624A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-28 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Safety design method for hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory |
| CN114001864A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-02-01 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Hydrogen leakage detection device |
| CN114312288A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-12 | 三一汽车制造有限公司 | Gas storage system, exhaust control method and device thereof, storage medium and gas vehicle |
| CN115234830A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-10-25 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Hydrogenation method and hydrogenation station |
| CN115472868A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-13 | 上海卓微氢科技有限公司 | Self-correcting method for hydrogen storage quantity of fuel cell vehicle hydrogen storage container |
| CN115520122A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-27 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Detection system and method for fuel cell vehicle hydrogen storage system and storage medium |
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