CN112379397A - Measuring method for reducing errors in azimuth angle of tunnel ground control network - Google Patents
Measuring method for reducing errors in azimuth angle of tunnel ground control network Download PDFInfo
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- CN112379397A CN112379397A CN202011331501.XA CN202011331501A CN112379397A CN 112379397 A CN112379397 A CN 112379397A CN 202011331501 A CN202011331501 A CN 202011331501A CN 112379397 A CN112379397 A CN 112379397A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- ZWQVYZXPYSYPJD-RYUDHWBXSA-N Glu-Gly-Phe Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZWQVYZXPYSYPJD-RYUDHWBXSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/35—Constructional details or hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
- G01S19/37—Hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring method for reducing errors in azimuth angles of a tunnel ground control network, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: constructing a tunnel ground control network, respectively forming control points at the inlet and outlet ends of the tunnel into a geodetic quadrangle or a triangle, performing ground precise ranging on all short sides, obtaining all short sides at the inlet and outlet ends and independent baselines of connecting sides between the inlet and outlet ends by adopting GNSS measurement, performing elevation surface modification on ground precise ranging results of the tunnel ground control network to obtain ground ranging data of the control points, and performing two-dimensional combined adjustment on GNSS observation values and the ground precise ranging data under a construction coordinate system to obtain azimuth angles and errors in the azimuth angles of the independent baselines. The invention can obviously reduce the error in the short side azimuth angle of the inlet and outlet end, and can reduce larger error in transverse penetration for a long tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering surveying and mapping, in particular to a measuring method for reducing errors in azimuth angles of a tunnel ground control network.
Background
In the prior art, a tunnel ground control network generally adopts a GNSS control network. However, for a long tunnel, the distance between control points at the inlet and outlet ends of the tunnel is limited by terrain conditions, the side length is short (less than 500m), and due to the system error of the GNSS, the medium error of a GNSS base line can reach 5mm, so the medium error of the azimuth angle of the short side of the GNSS control network is large, and the transverse through error of the tunnel is greatly influenced.
Therefore, how to reduce the error in the azimuth angle of the tunnel ground control network becomes a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a measuring method capable of improving the error in the azimuth angle of the ground precise ranging and reducing the error in the azimuth angle of a tunnel ground control network.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a measurement method for reducing an error in an azimuth angle of a tunnel ground control network, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) constructing a tunnel ground control network, respectively selecting four control points near an inlet end and an outlet end of a tunnel, ensuring that at most two control points in the four control points at the inlet end cannot be seen through, and ensuring that at most two control points in the four control points at the outlet end cannot be seen through, respectively forming a geodetic quadrangle or two triangles by the four control points at the inlet end and the four control points at the outlet end of the tunnel according to the situation of visibility, and performing ground precise distance measurement on all short sides of the geodetic quadrangle or the triangles, wherein the short sides are connecting lines of any two points in the control points forming the geodetic quadrangle or the triangles;
2) GNSS measurement is carried out on control points at the inlet end and the outlet end by adopting a GNSS receiver, independent baselines of all short sides of the inlet end and the outlet end and independent baselines of connecting sides between the control points at the inlet end and the outlet end are obtained, the number of the connecting sides is one less than that of the GNSS receivers, a geodetic quadrangle or a triangle is required to be formed between the connecting sides and the short sides, and the independent baselines are used as GNSS observation values;
3) performing elevation surface modification on the ground precision distance measurement result of the tunnel ground control network to obtain ground distance measurement data of a control point;
4) and under a construction coordinate system, performing two-dimensional combined adjustment on the GNSS observation value and the ground precision ranging data to obtain an azimuth angle of each independent base line and an error in the azimuth angle.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, in the step 1), when the four control points at the tunnel entrance end are all visible, the four control points form a geodetic quadrangle, and the ground precision distance measurement is performed on all the short sides of the geodetic quadrangle.
Further, in the step 1), when two control points of the four control points at the entrance end of the tunnel cannot be seen through, two groups of three control points which can be seen through the four control points form two triangles, and ground precision distance measurement is carried out on all short sides of the two triangles.
Furthermore, in the step 1), when the four control points at the exit end of the tunnel are all visible, the four control points form a geodetic quadrangle, and ground precision distance measurement is performed on all short sides of the geodetic quadrangle.
Furthermore, in the step 1), when two control points of the four control points at the exit end of the tunnel cannot be seen through, two groups of three control points which can be seen through among the four control points form two triangles, and ground precision distance measurement is performed on all short sides of the two triangles.
Furthermore, the short sides of the inlet end and the outlet end of the tunnel are not more than 500m, and the connecting sides between the inlet end and the outlet end of the tunnel are not more than 50 km.
Further, the height angle of the ground barrier in the tunnel ground control net is not more than 15 °
According to the method, two-dimensional combined adjustment is carried out according to GNSS measurement and ground precision distance measurement, the ground precision distance measurement improves the precision of a GNSS control network, and the error in the short side azimuth angle of the inlet end and the outlet end is obviously reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a trapezium formed by four control points.
Fig. 3 shows two triangles of four control points.
Detailed Description
The following description will be made of a measurement method for reducing errors in the azimuth angle of a tunnel ground control network, taking a certain tunnel engineering construction control network composed of eight synchronously observed control points as an example.
1) And constructing a tunnel ground control network, and selecting four control points near an inlet end and an outlet end of the tunnel respectively, wherein the short sides of the inlet end and the outlet end of the tunnel are not more than 500m, and the connecting side between the inlet end and the outlet end is not more than 50 km. According to the general situation, the tunnel inlet end control point (A, B, C, D) can form a large ground quadrangle (A-B-C-D) because A, B, C, D can be seen through. H, E, forming a tunnel exit end control point (E, F, G, H) into two triangles (H-G-F, E-G-F), see FIG. 1, and performing ground precise ranging on eleven short sides (A-B, BC-, C-D, D-A, A-C, B-D, E-F, F-G, G-H, E-G, H-F) of the control points of the geoid quadrangle and the triangle, wherein the short sides are connecting lines of any two points in the control points forming the geoid quadrangle or the triangle, and the height angle of the ground obstacle in the tunnel ground control network is not more than 15 degrees (if the height angle is more than 15 degrees, the satellite signal receiving is influenced).
2) Adopting four GNSS receivers, dividing the four GNSS receivers into six time intervals at will in one day, carrying out GNSS measurement on the control points at the inlet and the outlet ends in one hour (the length of the baseline time interval which is more than 10km is 4 hours) in each time interval, selecting independent baselines according to the time intervals, wherein the number of the independent baselines at each time interval is n-1(n is the number of the GNSS receivers), the requirement of the selected independent baselines and the short sides can form a triangle or a quadrangle, in the embodiment, three connecting sides (G-C, B-F, B-E) of the control points at the inlet end and the outlet end are selected, eleven short sides (A-B, B-C, C-D, D-A, A-C, B-D, E-F, F-G, G-H, E-G, H-F) at the inlet end and the outlet end are simultaneously taken as the independent baselines, these independent baselines may serve as GNSS observations;
3) and (4) performing elevation surface modification on the ground precise ranging result of the tunnel ground control network to obtain ground ranging data of the control point.
Taking the average height 310m of the entrance and the exit of the tunnel as a normalized height surface, and calculating the length of the distance measuring edge after the height surface is changed according to the following formula:
in the formula: dHCalculating the length (m) of the ranging edge from the calculation to the calculation height surface;
DPmeasuring the horizontal distance (m) of the edge for the ground;
HPcalculating the elevation (m) of the elevation surface;
HMthe average elevation (m) of two end points of the ground ranging edge is obtained;
RAthe radius of curvature (m) of the reference ellipsoid in the direction of the range side is used.
4) And under a construction coordinate system, performing two-dimensional combined adjustment on the GNSS observation value and the ground precision ranging data to obtain an azimuth angle of each independent base line and an error in the azimuth angle.
The length of the tunnel is 4.6km, the control point net is shown in figure 2, four points at the outlet end form two triangles (shown in figure 1), and the shortest side length is 0.58 m; the four control points at the inlet end form a large-ground quadrangle (as shown in figure 1), and the shortest side is 0.35 km. The control network is formed by fourteen GNSS independent baselines (with a medium error of 5mm +1ppm), and eleven pieces of ground precision ranging (with a medium error of 1mm) are carried out.
And performing two-dimensional combined adjustment on the GNSS observation value and the ground precision distance measurement, performing elevation surface modification on the ground precision distance measurement result by taking E as a fixed point and taking E-B as a fixed azimuth angle, selecting an elevation projection surface 310m, and preprocessing to obtain ground distance measurement data of the control point.
The two-dimensional joint adjustment based on the GNSS observation and the ground ranging data, and the error in the azimuth of the GNSS adjustment are compared, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Azimuth angle error comparison table combining adjustment and GNSS adjustment
Note: MA 1-GNSS adjustment, error in azimuth
MA 2-GNSS and ground precision ranging combined adjustment and error in azimuth
Delta MA-amount of error improvement in azimuth
As can be seen from the table 1, the maximum error improvement quantity delta MA in the azimuth angles of the GNSS control network adjustment, the GNSS observation value and the ground precision distance measurement combined adjustment is-1.05', the side length is A-D, the length is 0.35km, the error improvement quantity in the azimuth angle of the short side is larger, the azimuth angle of the tunnel entrance is A-D, the tunnel entrance point is JK, the tunnel adopts TBM for one-way tunneling, the through surface is the CK position of the tunnel exit point, and the error in the transverse through can be reduced by 0.023 m. Therefore, according to the measuring method for reducing the error in the azimuth angle of the tunnel ground control network, the control points at the inlet and outlet ends of the tunnel form a geoid quadrangle or a triangle, ground precision ranging is carried out, two-dimensional combined adjustment is carried out according to the GNSS observation value and ground ranging data, the error in the azimuth angle of the short side at the inlet and outlet ends can be obviously reduced, and the larger error in transverse penetration can be reduced for a long tunnel.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the structure of the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A measurement method for reducing errors in the azimuth angle of a tunnel ground control network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) constructing a tunnel ground control network, respectively selecting four control points near an inlet end and an outlet end of a tunnel, ensuring that at most two control points in the four control points at the inlet end cannot be seen through, and ensuring that at most two control points in the four control points at the outlet end cannot be seen through, respectively forming a geodetic quadrangle or two triangles by the four control points at the inlet end and the four control points at the outlet end of the tunnel according to the situation of visibility, and performing ground precise distance measurement on all short sides of the geodetic quadrangle or the triangles, wherein the short sides are connecting lines of any two points in the control points forming the geodetic quadrangle or the triangles;
2) GNSS measurement is carried out on control points at the inlet end and the outlet end by adopting a GNSS receiver, independent baselines of all short sides of the inlet end and the outlet end and independent baselines of connecting sides between the control points at the inlet end and the outlet end are obtained, the number of the connecting sides is one less than that of the GNSS receivers, a geodetic quadrangle or a triangle is required to be formed between the connecting sides and the short sides, and the independent baselines are used as GNSS observation values;
3) performing elevation surface modification on the ground precision distance measurement result of the tunnel ground control network to obtain ground distance measurement data of a control point;
4) and under a construction coordinate system, performing two-dimensional combined adjustment on the GNSS observation value and the ground precision ranging data to obtain an azimuth angle of each independent base line and an error in the azimuth angle.
2. The method of reducing errors in azimuth of a tunnel ground control network of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), when the four control points at the entrance end of the tunnel are mutually visible, the four control points form a geodetic quadrangle, and ground precise distance measurement is carried out on all short sides of the geodetic quadrangle.
3. The method of reducing errors in azimuth of a tunnel ground control network of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), when two control points in the four control points at the entrance end of the tunnel cannot be seen, two groups of three control points which can be seen in the four control points form two triangles, and ground precise distance measurement is carried out on all short sides of the two triangles.
4. The method of reducing errors in azimuth of a tunnel ground control network of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), when the four control points at the exit end of the tunnel are mutually visible, the four control points form a geodetic quadrangle, and ground precise distance measurement is carried out on all short sides of the geodetic quadrangle.
5. The method of reducing errors in azimuth of a tunnel ground control network of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), when two control points in the four control points at the exit end of the tunnel cannot be seen, two groups of three control points which can be seen in the four control points form two triangles, and ground precision distance measurement is carried out on all short sides of the two triangles.
6. The method of reducing errors in azimuth of a tunnel ground control network of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), four GNSS receivers are adopted to perform GNSS measurement on the control points at the inlet and outlet ends at any six time intervals in one hour in length in each time interval, so that all short sides of the inlet and outlet ends and independent baselines of connecting sides between the inlet and outlet ends are obtained, and the independent baselines are used as GNSS observation values.
7. The method of reducing errors in azimuth of a tunnel ground control network of claim 1, wherein: the short sides of the inlet end and the outlet end of the tunnel are not more than 500m, and the connecting side between the inlet end and the outlet end of the tunnel is not more than 50 km.
8. The method of reducing errors in azimuth of a tunnel ground control network of claim 1, wherein: the height angle of the ground barrier in the tunnel ground control net is not more than 15 degrees.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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2020
- 2020-11-24 CN CN202011331501.XA patent/CN112379397B/en active Active
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