CN112377162B - Method and spray head for crushing hot dry rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet - Google Patents
Method and spray head for crushing hot dry rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet Download PDFInfo
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- CN112377162B CN112377162B CN202011085752.4A CN202011085752A CN112377162B CN 112377162 B CN112377162 B CN 112377162B CN 202011085752 A CN202011085752 A CN 202011085752A CN 112377162 B CN112377162 B CN 112377162B
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 256
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011044 quartzite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/001—Cooling arrangements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0078—Nozzles used in boreholes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of hot dry rock drilling tools, in particular to a method and a spray head for crushing hot dry rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet, wherein the composite liquid nitrogen cold impact cold cracking acts on the hot dry rock based on the high-energy impact crushing, erosion and water wedge effect of the water jet, and the two jets mutually enhance the mutual cracking effect; the spray head device fracturing auxiliary drilling equipment is used for simultaneously fracturing and drilling hot dry rocks, the fractured hot dry rocks are drilled all the time in the whole drilling process, and finally the efficient drilling effect is achieved. The invention has the beneficial effects that: meanwhile, cracks are generated by utilizing the low-temperature freezing effect, and the generated cracks can be further expanded under the action of the high-pressure water jet flow water wedge; utilize high pressure water jet to strike the crackle that produces, and produced crackle also can further expand under liquid nitrogen low temperature induced cracking effect to utilize the compound high pressure water jet combined action of liquid nitrogen cold impact to reduce the hot dry rock wholeness, promote later stage machinery by a wide margin and creep into efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hot dry rock drilling tools, in particular to a method for crushing hot dry rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet and a spray head.
Background
The geothermal energy is green, low-carbon and recyclable renewable energy, has the characteristics of large reserves, wide distribution, cleanness, environmental protection, stability, reliability and the like, and is practical, feasible and competitive clean energy. Compared with hydrothermal geothermal resources, more heat energy is stored in underground high-temperature rock mass without water or with little water to form the dry-hot rock geothermal resources. Drilling is a key link for development of hot dry rocks. Currently, in the development process of dry hot rock, the drilling cost accounts for about 70% of the total cost. The large-scale development and utilization of the hot dry rock are severely restricted by the excessive drilling cost and the long drilling period.
At present, the drilling cost is high, and the reasons for seriously restricting the development of hot dry rock are mainly divided into two types: firstly, hot dry rock stratum is mostly igneous rock and metamorphic rock formed under high temperature and high pressure, such as granite, granite spangle, quartzite, basalt and the like, stratum abrasiveness is strong, drillability is poor, and uniaxial compressive strength of some rock stratums can reach more than 240 MPa. And secondly, the conventional rotary drilling method has low rock crushing efficiency and quick abrasion of the drill bit.
In view of the above, a method and a nozzle for breaking dry hot rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet are needed, and simultaneously, a low-temperature freezing effect is utilized to generate cracks, and the generated cracks can be further expanded under the action of a high-pressure water jet water wedge; utilize high pressure water jet to strike the crackle that produces, and the crackle that produces also can be at liquid nitrogen low temperature induced cracking effect under further extension to utilize the compound high pressure water jet combined action of liquid nitrogen cold impact to reduce hot dry rock wholeness, promote later stage machinery by a wide margin and creep into efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a spray head for crushing dry hot rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet, and simultaneously, cracks are generated by utilizing a low-temperature freezing effect, and the generated cracks can be further expanded under the action of a high-pressure water jet water wedge; utilize high pressure water jet to strike the crackle that produces, and produced crackle also can further expand under liquid nitrogen low temperature induced cracking effect to utilize the compound high pressure water jet combined action of liquid nitrogen cold impact to reduce the hot dry rock wholeness, promote later stage machinery by a wide margin and creep into efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a method and a spray head for crushing dry and hot rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet are characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the position of a geothermal area through geological detection, and carrying out site survey according to the position of the geothermal area so as to determine the position of a dry hot rock reservoir and position borehole coordinates;
s2, drilling a main well mouth by using drilling equipment according to the well coordinates positioned in the S1;
s3, drilling a main borehole on the overlying rock stratum by using drilling equipment, and cementing the well by using a casing and common cement slurry until the main borehole is drilled to the hot dry rock stratum;
s4, stopping the operation of the drilling equipment, putting the spray head into the main well bore drilled in the step S3, and fixing the position of the spray head main body at a position 20-30 cm above the dry-hot rock stratum;
s5, pumping liquid nitrogen and high-pressure water into the spray head simultaneously, generating high-pressure water jet due to the small caliber of a water outlet of the spray head, crushing the surface of the hot dry rock layer by the high-energy impact of the high-pressure water jet, crushing and forming cracks on the part with high integrity, and invading the natural texture and the crack high-pressure water jet so as to achieve the crack expansion effect; meanwhile, liquid nitrogen jet flow is continuously scattered, and due to the fact that the liquid nitrogen impact temperature is extremely low, the liquid nitrogen jet flow is scattered to the surface of the hot dry rock layer, so that the hot dry rock is rapidly cooled, a cold and hot alternating effect is generated, the internal thermal stress of the hot dry rock is large, and cracks are induced; the high-pressure water jet flows invade into the cracks induced by the liquid nitrogen cold impact, the cracks are driven to continue to expand through the water wedge effect of the high-pressure water, the liquid nitrogen cold impact crack-forming effect is enhanced, meanwhile, the liquid nitrogen cold impact is scattered to the cracks formed by the high-pressure water jet flows through crushing, the cold crack is further expanded to enhance the high-pressure water jet flow crack-forming effect, and the two jet flows mutually assist in mutually enhancing the crack-forming effect until a main well hole forms a crack seam network which is high in crack rate and through;
s6, after the operation in the S5 is completed, pumping of liquid nitrogen and high-pressure water is suspended, at the moment, the dry and hot rock mass is broken to a large extent after the steps S4-S5, the dry and hot rock mass is provided with a through fracture network, the integrity is small, and drilling equipment is used for drilling the dry and hot rock mass;
and S7, circulating S4 to S6 on the main well drilling surface, and circularly propelling.
Further, the pumping pressure of the high-pressure water jet is controlled between 200 and 300 MPa.
Further, the pumping pressure of the diffused liquid nitrogen jet is controlled between 2 and 4 MPa.
Furthermore, the spray head simultaneously acts on liquid nitrogen scattering and high-pressure water jet to form seams on the surface of the hot dry rock layer, and the spray head and the drilling machine continuously form seams and crush the surface of the hot dry rock layer simultaneously.
Further, the spray head includes: shower nozzle main part, shaft seal spare, first tube socket, scattering nozzle and ball valve, water passing pipeline and liquid nitrogen chamber have been seted up in the shower nozzle main part, water passing pipeline sets up shower nozzle main part axis is on-line and run through the shower nozzle main part, the liquid nitrogen chamber is seted up water passing pipeline roadside and encircle water passing pipeline.
Further, the shaft seal piece is fixedly installed at the liquid nitrogen cavity input port, the scattering nozzle is fixedly installed at the liquid nitrogen cavity output port, the scattering nozzle is composed of a three-way pipe, a branch spray pipe and a second sleeve head, the three-way pipe is rotatably connected with the second sleeve head, the branch spray nozzles are fixedly connected to two sides of the three-way pipe, a plurality of first water outlets are formed in the branch spray pipe along the outer diameter of the pipeline, and the first water outlets are spirally distributed along the outer diameter.
Further, first tube socket fixed mounting is in the defeated entrance of water pipeline, the ball valve rotates to be installed water pipeline delivery outlet department, the ball valve is connected with the control motor transmission, the control motor fixed mounting be in on the shower nozzle main part lateral wall, the ball valve is installed and is advanced the defeated exit end of water pipeline has seted up the rectangular channel, the second delivery port has been seted up to rectangular channel center department, the second delivery port runs through the ball valve.
Further, the liquid nitrogen chamber includes: the device comprises an input section, an expansion section and an output section, wherein the cross-sectional radius of the input section and the cross-sectional radius of the output section are smaller than that of the expansion section.
Further, the input section of the liquid nitrogen cavity is communicated with a stainless steel liquid nitrogen hose, the input end of the stainless steel liquid nitrogen hose is communicated with the output port of the liquid nitrogen tank, and a first check valve and a liquid nitrogen booster pump are arranged between the stainless steel liquid nitrogen hoses; the water passing pipeline input port is communicated with the high-pressure water pump through a connecting pipe, and a second one-way valve is arranged on the connecting pipe.
Has the advantages that:
according to the method and the nozzle for crushing the hot dry rock by the liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet, provided by the invention, the liquid nitrogen pretreatment is utilized to assist the high-pressure water jet to induce cracks by utilizing the low-temperature action of liquid nitrogen, the high-pressure water jet can invade the cracks induced by low temperature, and the cracks are driven to continue to expand by the water wedge action of the high-pressure water; meanwhile, the cracks generated by the impact of the high-pressure water jet are continuously expanded under the low-temperature induced cracking action of the liquid nitrogen. The mutual promotion of the high-pressure water jet and the liquid nitrogen to each other is realized. Meanwhile, the device provided by the invention can combine liquid nitrogen and high-pressure water jet into a whole, does not need manual operation for downhole fracturing, has high automation degree, is used together with drilling equipment, combines pretreatment and drilling, and utilizes a fracturing process in a short time to manufacture through cracks with shallow depth, so that the drilling equipment is assisted to drill simultaneously, and the mechanical drilling efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a nozzle body and a method for crushing dry and hot rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet dry-hot rock crushing method and a three-dimensional structure of a spray head scattering nozzle and a ball valve of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view 1 of a three-dimensional structure of a method for crushing dry hot rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet and a nozzle ball valve according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a spray head ball valve and a method for crushing dry and hot rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view of a main body of a nozzle and a method for crushing dry and hot rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet according to the invention;
reference numerals: 1-a spray head main body, 2-a shaft sealing part, 3-a first sleeve head, 4-a scattering nozzle, 5-a ball valve, 11-a water passing pipeline, 12-a liquid nitrogen cavity, 41-a three-way pipe, 42-a branch spray pipe, 43-a second sleeve head, 44-a first water outlet, 51-a control motor, 52-a rectangular groove, 53-a second water outlet, 121-an input section, 122-an expansion section and 123-an output section.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments disclosed herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, the invention discloses a method for crushing dry hot rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet and a spray head, which are characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the position of a geothermal area through geological detection, and carrying out site survey according to the position of the geothermal area so as to determine the position of a dry hot rock reservoir and position borehole coordinates;
s2, drilling a main well mouth by using drilling equipment according to the well coordinates positioned in the S1;
s3, drilling a main borehole on the overlying rock stratum by using drilling equipment, and cementing the well by using a casing and common cement slurry until the main borehole is drilled to the hot dry rock stratum;
s4, stopping the operation of the drilling equipment, putting the spray head into the main well bore drilled in the step S3, and fixing the position of the spray head main body 1 at a position 20-30 cm above the dry-hot rock stratum;
s5, pumping liquid nitrogen and high-pressure water into the spray head simultaneously, generating high-pressure water jet due to the small caliber of a water outlet of the spray head, crushing the surface of the hot dry rock layer by the high-energy impact of the high-pressure water jet, crushing and forming cracks on the part with high integrity, and invading the natural texture and the crack high-pressure water jet so as to achieve the crack expansion effect; meanwhile, liquid nitrogen jet flow is continuously scattered, and due to the fact that the liquid nitrogen impact temperature is extremely low, the liquid nitrogen impact temperature is scattered to the surface of the hot dry rock layer, so that the hot dry rock is rapidly cooled, a cold and hot alternating effect is generated, the internal thermal stress of the hot dry rock is large, and cracks are induced; the high-pressure water jet flows invade into cracks induced by liquid nitrogen cold shock, the cracks are driven to continue to expand through the water wedge effect of the high-pressure water, the liquid nitrogen cold shock crack effect is enhanced, meanwhile, the liquid nitrogen cold shock is scattered into the cracks formed by the high-pressure water jet flows, the cold crack is further expanded to enhance the high-pressure water jet crack effect, the two jets mutually assist in mutually enhancing the crack effect until a main well hole forms a crack network which has a high crack rate and is through;
s6, after the operation in the S5 is completed, pumping of liquid nitrogen and high-pressure water is suspended, at the moment, the dry and hot rock mass is broken to a large extent after the steps S4-S5, the dry and hot rock mass is provided with a through fracture network, the integrity is small, and drilling equipment is used for drilling the dry and hot rock mass;
and S7, circulating S4 to S6 on the main borehole drilling surface, and circularly propelling.
In the embodiment, the pumping pressure of the high-pressure water jet is controlled between 200 and 300 MPa.
In this embodiment, the pumping pressure of the diffused liquid nitrogen jet is controlled to be 2-4 MPa.
In this embodiment, the nozzle simultaneously acts on liquid nitrogen scattering and high-pressure water jet to form a seam on the surface of the hot dry rock layer, and the nozzle and the drilling machine continuously form a seam and crush the surface of the hot dry rock layer simultaneously.
In this embodiment, the spray head includes: the spray head comprises a spray head main body 1, a shaft seal part 2, a first casing head 3, a scattering nozzle 4 and a ball valve 5, wherein a water passing pipeline 11 and a liquid nitrogen cavity 12 are arranged in the spray head main body 1, the water passing pipeline 11 is arranged on the axis of the spray head main body 1 and penetrates through the spray head main body 1, and the liquid nitrogen cavity 12 is arranged on the water passing pipeline 11 side and surrounds the water passing pipeline 11.
Further, the shaft sealing part 2 is fixedly installed at an input port of the liquid nitrogen cavity 12, the scattering nozzle 4 is fixedly installed at an output port of the liquid nitrogen cavity 12, the scattering nozzle 4 is composed of a three-way pipe 41, a branch spray pipe 42 and a second sleeve head 43, the three-way pipe 41 is rotatably connected with the second sleeve head 43, the branch nozzles are fixedly connected to two sides of the three-way pipe 41, a plurality of first water outlets 44 are formed in the branch spray pipe 42 along the outer diameter of the pipe, and the first water outlets 44 are spirally distributed along the outer diameter.
In this embodiment, first casing head 3 fixed mounting be in the 11 entry ways that cross water pipeline, ball valve 5 rotates to be installed cross 11 delivery outlets of water pipeline department, ball valve 5 is connected with the transmission of control motor 51, control motor 51 fixed mounting be in on the shower nozzle main part 1 lateral wall, ball valve 5 installs into cross 11 delivery outlets of water pipeline and seted up rectangular channel 52, second delivery port 53 has been seted up to rectangular channel 52 center department, second delivery port 53 runs through ball valve 5.
In this embodiment, the liquid nitrogen chamber 12 includes: an input section 121, an expansion section 122 and an output section 123, the input section 121 and the output section 123 having a smaller cross-sectional radius than the expansion section 122.
In this embodiment, the input section 121 of the liquid nitrogen cavity 12 is communicated with a stainless steel liquid nitrogen hose, the input end of the stainless steel liquid nitrogen hose is communicated with the output port of a liquid nitrogen tank, and a first check valve and a liquid nitrogen booster pump are arranged between the stainless steel liquid nitrogen hose; the inlet of the water passing pipeline 11 is communicated with the high-pressure water pump through a connecting pipe, and a second one-way valve is arranged on the connecting pipe.
Example 1
(1) And selecting the position coordinates of the dry hot rock reservoir according to geological detection, designing a construction scheme and determining the drilling coordinates. And drilling a main borehole on the overburden rock layer by using drilling equipment, and cementing the well by using a casing and common cement slurry.
(2) After the main well hole cementing step is completed, drilling equipment and the liquid nitrogen cold-punching composite high-pressure water jet nozzle designed by the invention are put into the main well hole together, wherein the drilling equipment is contacted with the surface of the hot dry rock layer, and the nozzle body 1 is kept at the position of 20-30 cm of the surface of the hot dry rock layer.
(3) And opening the first check valve and the liquid nitrogen booster pump, and pumping liquid nitrogen from the liquid nitrogen tank into the liquid nitrogen cavity 12 of the nozzle body 1 through the stainless steel liquid nitrogen hose by the liquid nitrogen booster pump. And simultaneously opening the second one-way valve and the high-pressure water pump. High-pressure water is ejected from a second water outlet 53 of the ball valve 5 through the water passing pipeline 11, and liquid nitrogen is scattered on the surface of the dry-hot rock layer from the liquid nitrogen cavity 12. Because the radius of the cross section of the input section 121 and the output section 123 in the liquid nitrogen cavity 12 is smaller than that of the expansion section 122, on the basis of pressurization of the liquid nitrogen booster pump, the cross section is changed to increase the output pressure, in addition, a plurality of first water outlets 44 are arranged on the surface of the scattering nozzle 4, and liquid nitrogen is output from the liquid nitrogen cavity 12 to form a scattering state. Since the first water outlets 44 are arranged on the branch nozzles 42 and spirally distributed along the surface of the branch nozzles 42, the branch nozzles 42 are fixedly arranged at two ends of the tee 41 and symmetrically arranged, and the tee 41 is rotatably connected with the second sleeve 43. In the process of liquid nitrogen injection, liquid nitrogen is injected from the first water outlets 44 in the spiral distribution at high pressure, and under the action of pressure, the three-way pipe 41 is driven to rotate by the branch spray pipe 42, so that the liquid nitrogen is output from the liquid nitrogen cavity 12 to form a scattering state, and the scattering diffusion surface is increased. Wherein the pump pressure of the diffused liquid nitrogen jet is controlled between 2 and 4 MPa.
(4) Because the ball valve 5 is rotatably installed at the outlet of the water passing pipeline 11, the rectangular groove 52 is formed in the outlet of the water inlet pipeline 11, where the ball valve 5 is installed, and water enters the water passing pipeline 11 through pressurization of the high-pressure water pump, enters the rectangular groove 52 of the ball valve 5 through the outlet of the water passing pipeline 11, and then is ejected out from the second water outlet 53 through high-pressure ejection. The control motor 51 is in transmission connection with the ball valve 5, so that the ball valve 5 can rotate along a plane, the relative position of the second water outlet 53 and the dry and hot rock stratum is changed, the jet direction is changed, and the surface area of the dry and hot rock stratum crushed by high-energy impact of high-pressure water jet is expanded. Wherein the pressure of the high-pressure water jet pump is controlled between 200 and 300 MPa.
(5) After the spray head main body 1 emits liquid nitrogen jet and high-pressure water jet which spread in a range to the surface of the dry-hot rock layer, the high-pressure water jet breaks the surface of the dry-hot rock layer to form a part of cracks, meanwhile, the water content of the part of the cracks is increased, the surface temperature of the dry-hot rock layer is higher, the temperature of the rock body is reduced through continuous high-energy impact of the high-pressure water jet, and the cracks formed by the high-energy impact are expanded under the action of the internal thermal stress. Meanwhile, liquid nitrogen sprayed out of the scattering nozzle 4 is subjected to cold impact on the surface of the dry-hot rock mass, the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is-197 ℃, so that the temperature of the rock mass is suddenly reduced, the interior of the rock mass has large thermal stress, the rock mass is cracked, meanwhile, the liquid nitrogen condenses moisture in the cracks broken by high-energy impact, and the frozen volume of the moisture expands, so that the cracks are expanded. Under the combined action of the high-pressure water jet and the liquid nitrogen cold impact of the nozzle main body 1, a crack seam network with large and through cracks is formed on the surface of the hot dry rock layer.
(6) The high-pressure water jet high-energy impact and the liquid nitrogen jet impact greatly gain respective damage effects in the coupling implementation process, cracks can be induced under the low-temperature action of the liquid nitrogen, high-pressure water jets can invade the cracks induced under the low temperature, and the cracks are driven to continue to expand under the action of the water wedge of high-pressure water; meanwhile, the cracks generated by the impact of the high-pressure water jet are continuously expanded under the low-temperature induced cracking action of the liquid nitrogen. Therefore, the high-pressure water jet and the liquid nitrogen mutually enhance the mutual cracking effect.
(8) And (3) starting drilling equipment and a spray head to continuously perform construction operation on the surface of the hot dry rock layer simultaneously when the step of continuously performing liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet hydraulic fracturing is performed, and drilling equipment drills the formed through crack seam network.
(9) The drilling operation is continuously carried out on the surface of the hot dry rock layer by circulating the steps 2-6 in the middle of the hot dry rock drilling process, the operation surface is continuously pushed, the integrity of the hot dry rock body is obviously reduced due to the cracking process, the rock body crushing degree is increased, the drilling efficiency is higher, and the drill bit is less in abrasion.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A method for crushing dry hot rock by liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the position of a geothermal area through geological detection, and carrying out site survey according to the position of the geothermal area so as to determine the position of a dry hot rock reservoir and position borehole coordinates;
s2, drilling a main well mouth by using drilling equipment according to the well coordinates positioned in the S1;
s3, drilling a main borehole on the overlying rock stratum by using drilling equipment, and cementing the well by using a casing and common cement slurry until the main borehole is drilled to the hot dry rock stratum;
s4, stopping the operation of the drilling equipment, putting the spray head into the main well bore drilled in the step S3, and fixing the position of the spray head main body at a position 20-30 cm above the dry-hot rock stratum;
s5, pumping liquid nitrogen and high-pressure water into a spray head simultaneously, spraying the liquid nitrogen from a first water outlet of the spray head, spraying the high-pressure water jet from a second water outlet of the spray head, generating the high-pressure water jet due to the small caliber of the water outlet of the spray head, crushing the high-energy impact of the high-pressure water jet on the surface of the hot dry rock layer, crushing and forming cracks on the part with higher integrity, and invading the high-pressure water jet of the natural texture and the cracks to achieve the crack expansion effect; meanwhile, liquid nitrogen jet flow is continuously scattered, and due to the fact that the liquid nitrogen impact temperature is extremely low, the liquid nitrogen impact temperature is scattered to the surface of the hot dry rock layer, so that the hot dry rock is rapidly cooled, a cold and hot alternating effect is generated, the internal thermal stress of the hot dry rock is large, and cracks are induced; the high-pressure water jet flows invade into cracks induced by liquid nitrogen cold shock, the cracks are driven to continue to expand through the water wedge effect of the high-pressure water, the liquid nitrogen cold shock crack effect is enhanced, meanwhile, the liquid nitrogen cold shock is scattered into the cracks formed by the high-pressure water jet flows, the cold crack is further expanded to enhance the high-pressure water jet crack effect, the two jets mutually assist in mutually enhancing the crack effect until a main well hole forms a crack network which has a high crack rate and is through;
s6, after the operation in the S5 is finished, pumping of liquid nitrogen and high-pressure water is stopped, at the moment, the dry and hot rock mass is broken to a large extent after the steps S4-S5, the dry and hot rock mass is provided with a through fracture network, the integrity is small, and drilling equipment is used for drilling the dry and hot rock mass;
and S7, circulating S4 to S6 on the main borehole drilling surface, and circularly propelling.
2. The method for crushing the hot dry rock by using the liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pumping pressure of the high-pressure water jet is controlled to be 200-300 MPa.
3. The method for crushing the hot dry rock by the composite high-pressure water jet with the liquid nitrogen cold impact according to claim 2, wherein the pumping pressure of the liquid nitrogen jet is controlled to be between 2 and 4 MPa.
4. The method for crushing the hot dry rock by the aid of the liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jets according to claim 3, wherein the spray head scatters liquid nitrogen and the high-pressure water jets to simultaneously act on the surface of the hot dry rock layer for seam forming, and the spray head and the drilling machine continuously perform seam forming and crushing on the surface of the hot dry rock layer simultaneously.
5. The method for crushing the hot dry rock by the liquid nitrogen cold impact composite high-pressure water jet according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the spray head comprises: shower nozzle main part (1), bearing seal spare (2), first sleeve head (3), scattering nozzle (4) and ball valve (5), set up water pipeline (11) and liquid nitrogen chamber (12) in shower nozzle main part (1), water pipeline (11) are seted up shower nozzle main part (1) axis is last and run through shower nozzle main part (1), liquid nitrogen chamber (12) are seted up water pipeline (11) side and encircle water pipeline (11).
6. The method for crushing the hot dry rock by the composite high-pressure water jet with cold impact of liquid nitrogen as claimed in claim 5, wherein the shaft sealing member (2) is fixedly installed at an input port of the liquid nitrogen cavity (12), the scattering nozzle (4) is fixedly installed at an output port of the liquid nitrogen cavity (12), the scattering nozzle (4) is composed of a three-way pipe (41), a branch nozzle (42) and a second casing head (43), the three-way pipe (41) is rotatably connected with the second casing head (43), the branch nozzle is fixedly connected to two sides of the three-way pipe (41), the branch nozzle (42) is provided with a plurality of first water outlets (44) along the outer diameter of the pipeline, and the first water outlets (44) are spirally distributed along the outer diameter.
7. The method for crushing the hot dry rock by the composite high-pressure water jet through cold impact of liquid nitrogen as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first casing head (3) is fixedly installed at an input port of the water passing pipeline (11), the ball valve (5) is rotatably installed at an output port of the water passing pipeline (11), the ball valve (5) is in transmission connection with a control motor (51), the control motor (51) is fixedly installed on an outer side wall of the nozzle body (1), a rectangular groove (52) is formed in the output port end of the water passing pipeline (11) where the ball valve (5) is installed, a second water outlet (53) is formed in the center of the rectangular groove (52), and the second water outlet (53) penetrates through the ball valve (5).
8. The method for crushing hot dry rock by composite high-pressure water jet with liquid nitrogen cold impact according to claim 7, characterized in that the liquid nitrogen chamber (12) comprises: an input section (121), an expansion section (122) and an output section (123), the input section (121) and the output section (123) having a smaller cross-sectional radius than the cross-sectional radius of the expansion section (122).
9. The method for crushing the hot dry rock by the composite high-pressure water jet under the cold impact of the liquid nitrogen as claimed in claim 8, wherein an input section (121) of the liquid nitrogen cavity (12) is communicated with a stainless steel liquid nitrogen hose, an input end of the stainless steel liquid nitrogen hose is communicated with an output port of a liquid nitrogen tank, and a first check valve and a liquid nitrogen booster pump are arranged between the stainless steel liquid nitrogen hose; the inlet of the water passing pipeline (11) is communicated with the high-pressure water pump through a connecting pipe, and a second one-way valve is arranged on the connecting pipe.
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