CN112376496A - Method for quickly creating or repairing mangrove forest by building dike foot submerged dam - Google Patents
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- CN112376496A CN112376496A CN202011288603.8A CN202011288603A CN112376496A CN 112376496 A CN112376496 A CN 112376496A CN 202011288603 A CN202011288603 A CN 202011288603A CN 112376496 A CN112376496 A CN 112376496A
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- seawall
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly creating or repairing mangrove forest by building a dam foot submerged dam, which comprises the steps of building an underwater submerged dam on the outer side of a sea wall, forming a suitable forest land through mudflat regulation, and transplanting and repairing the mangrove forest. The method is used for a standard seawall or an ecological seawall, and solves the problems that mangroves cannot be planted in deep ditches outside the seawall and mudflat water flow with rapid turbulence, steep gradient, serious erosion, insufficient elevation and the like to form a plant transition zone in the process of constructing the seawall. Practical application shows that the invention can form a suitable forest area with proper elevation and slower water flow on the mudflat outside the seawall, can weaken sea waves, prevent soil loss and quickly create or restore mangrove forest, thereby realizing the continuity and the ecology of the ecological seawall.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of standard sea wall ecological reconstruction or ecological sea wall construction, and particularly relates to a method for quickly creating or repairing mangrove forest by constructing a foot submerged dam.
Background
In 2017, the national oceanic administration issues a coastline protection and utilization management method, which stipulates: by 2020, the national natural shoreline retention rate is not less than 35%. In areas where natural coasts are scarce, ecological modification of traditional artificial coasts (standard seawalls) is an important means to achieve this goal. The concept of ecological seawall is first proposed in the center of mangrove forest in Guangxi in 2012 and applied to the construction of seawall in Guangxi Ganggang City. The ecological seawall is required to meet the requirements of naturalization, greening planting and ecologization, but in the process of constructing the seawall, soil is often taken nearby on the beach of the dike feet, so that a deep groove with the width of about 20-50 m and the depth of 0.5-1m towards the sea is formed, the original mangrove forest is damaged, and the continuity and the communication from the seawall to the sea area are hindered. Moreover, these deep ditches tend to be low in elevation and run fast, and it is extremely difficult to realize natural restoration of mangrove forest. Meanwhile, the slope of the mudflat on the outer side of many seawalls is steep, the water flow is turbulent and the elevation is insufficient, so that natural mangrove forest can not grow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for quickly creating or repairing mangrove forest to sea side on the outer side of a standard seawall or an ecological seawall by building a foot submerged dam with simple operation, low cost and good effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the mangrove forest is quickly established or repaired by building a dam foot submerged dam, an underwater submerged dam is built on the outer side of a seawall, a suitable forest land is formed through mudflat regulation, and the mangrove forest is transplanted and repaired; the seawall is a standard seawall or an ecological seawall which is already built.
The method for quickly creating or repairing the mangrove forest mainly comprises the following steps:
constructing an underwater submerged dam;
<2> reconstruction of the tidal flat in forest land;
<3> mangrove forest transplantation repair.
Step <1> operates as follows: if no primary mangrove forest is on the outer beach of the seawall, a cofferdam type submerged dam is built outside the seawall on the side of the seawall facing the sea to surround the beach; if the original mangrove forest is coated on the outer beach of the seawall, intercepting submerged dams are built at two ends of a deep groove between the seawall and the original mangrove forest.
The submerged dam is wholly buried in the bottom of the beach, and the top of the submerged dam is not lower than the average sea level.
The submerged dam is built by reinforced concrete or concrete stones, and the cross section is trapezoidal.
Step <2> operates as follows: in the surrounding range of the sea dike and the submerged dam, the original tidal flat is treated by methods of filling soil, filling sand, pumping sand, constructing tidal ditches and the like to form a new tidal flat suitable for vegetation growth.
The surface elevation of the new beach is not lower than the equivalent average sea level and not higher than the top of the submerged dam.
Step <3> operates as follows: transplanting and recovering mangrove, saline marsh plants and the like on the new mudflat formed in the step <2 >.
Mangrove and halobios plants are local species, and the seedlings are big seedlings.
Aiming at the problems existing in the construction of the current ecological seawall, the inventor establishes a method for quickly establishing or repairing the mangrove forest by constructing an underwater submerged dam at the outer side of the seawall, forms a suitable forest land through mudflat regulation, and transplants and repairs the mangrove forest. The method is used for a standard seawall or an ecological seawall, and solves the problems that mangroves cannot be planted in deep ditches outside the seawall and mudflat water flow with rapid turbulence, steep gradient, serious erosion, insufficient elevation and the like to form a plant transition zone in the process of constructing the seawall. Practical application shows that the invention can form a suitable forest area with proper elevation and slower water flow on the mudflat outside the seawall, can weaken sea waves, prevent soil loss and quickly create or restore mangrove forest, thereby realizing the continuity and the ecology of the ecological seawall.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the using state of the method for rapidly creating or repairing mangrove forest by building a foot dam (no primary mangrove forest is coated on the bank outer beach) according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a cofferdam type submerged dam in the method for rapidly creating or repairing mangrove forest by building a dike foot submerged dam according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an intercepting-type submerged dam in the method for rapidly creating or repairing mangrove forest by building a dike foot submerged dam according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is one of the practical effects of the application of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a second diagram of the practical effect of the application of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a third diagram of the practical effects of the application of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 standard seawall (or ecological seawall), 2 submerged dam, 2-1 top of submerged dam, 3 new beach, 3-1 mangrove recovered on new beach, 3-2 surface of newly formed beach, 4 original beach, 5 original mangrove, 6 transplanted mangrove, 7 cofferdam and 8 interception type submerged dam.
Detailed Description
A basic method
<1> construction of underwater submerged dam
If no primary mangrove forest is on the outer beach of the seawall, reasonably selecting the position and specification of the submerged dam according to the type of the beach substrate and the terrain, and constructing a cofferdam type submerged dam outside the sea wall at one side of the seawall to surround the beach (as shown in figure 2); if the original mangrove forest is coated on the outer beach of the seawall, a deep trench with a certain width is often formed between the seawall and the mangrove forest, and intercepting submerged dams are built at two ends of the deep trench between the seawall and the original mangrove forest (as shown in figure 3). The submerged dam is built by reinforced concrete or concrete stones, and the cross section is trapezoidal. The submerged dam is integrally buried in the bottom of the tidal flat, the height and the buried depth of the submerged dam are determined according to the type of the bottom, the original height of the tidal flat and the equivalent average sea level, and the top of the submerged dam is not lower than the equivalent average sea level so as to ensure the growth of mangrove forest.
<2> improvement of mudflat in forest land
The land reclamation is carried out in the surrounding range of the seawall and the submerged dam, and the original tidal flat is treated mainly by methods of filling soil, filling sand, pumping sand, constructing a tidal flat and the like, so as to form a new tidal flat which can be suitable for vegetation growth. The surface elevation of the new beach is not lower than the equivalent average sea level and not higher than the top of the submerged dam.
<3> mangrove transplantation repair
Transplanting and recovering mangrove, halodendron plants and the like on the new mudflat formed in the step <2>, wherein the recovered species mainly comprises local species, and the seedlings preferably comprise big seedlings. The density of the planted mangrove is not less than 1m x 1m, different mangrove varieties are selected according to the salinity of local seawater, such as avicennia marina and Kandelia candel in high salinity areas, and Aegiceras corniculatum, radix tinosporae and the like in low salinity areas.
Second, application example
The first-stage project of a certain ecological seawall renovation and innovation demonstration project of a harbor city is completed and accepted by reference to the implementation of the invention, and the specific implementation is as follows:
the north of the project is a water pouring and down-rolling bridge, which is a water channel connecting an east bay and a west bay and is also a navigation channel, no native mangrove is arranged outside a seawall, the tidal flat water flow is urgent, the erosion is serious, and the mangrove recovery difficulty is large, so that a semi-cofferdam type submerged dam and an interception type submerged dam are built on the beach outside the seawall of the north of the project area.
The submerged dam is built along a water pouring channel on the left side of the bridge, and the total length is 282 m. The submerged dam is built by rubble concrete, the bottom of the submerged dam is 3m wide, the top of the submerged dam is 1m wide, and the average height of the submerged dam is 1.3 m. The cofferdam type submerged dam is built along the parallel direction of the seawall, the length is about 90m, and the average distance from the seawall is 14 m; the intercepting submerged dam is built on the east side of the beach between the primary mangrove forest and the seawall, and the length of the intercepting submerged dam is about 192 m. The beach area enclosed by the sea wall and the submerged dam is about 5800 square meters.
The construction of the submerged dam adopts a cofferdam mode, ditches are dug in low tide, soil is stacked on the outer sea side to form a cofferdam which is higher than the sea level in high tide, the submerged dam is built by rubbles and cement in the cofferdam, and then the soil of the cofferdam is backfilled.
And after the construction of the underwater submerged dam is completed, filling soil on the enclosed beach to form a new beach, wherein the surface elevation of the new beach is improved by about 20cm compared with the original beach elevation, and the average sea level of the current level is 230 cm. Planting 2-year-old Kandelia candel bag seedlings on the mudflat, wherein the planting density is 1m multiplied by 1 m.
And (3) beginning submerged dam construction and autumn eggplant transplantation in 2013, and completely preserving the submerged dam until the end of the project reaches 2015, wherein the survival rate of the autumn eggplant reaches 65%.
Claims (9)
1. A method for rapidly establishing or repairing mangrove forest through building a foot submerged dam is characterized in that an underwater submerged dam is built on the outer side of a seawall, a suitable forest land is formed through beach regulation, and transplantation and repair of the mangrove forest are carried out; the seawall is a standard seawall or an ecological seawall.
2. The method for rapidly creating or repairing mangrove forest according to claim 1, characterized in that it essentially comprises the following steps:
constructing an underwater submerged dam;
<2> reconstruction of the tidal flat in forest land;
<3> mangrove forest transplantation repair.
3. The method for rapid creation or restoration of mangrove forest according to claim 2, characterized in that the step <1> operates as follows: if no primary mangrove forest is on the outer beach of the seawall, a cofferdam type submerged dam is built outside the seawall on the side of the seawall facing the sea to surround the beach; if the original mangrove forest is coated on the outer beach of the seawall, intercepting submerged dams are built at two ends of a deep groove between the seawall and the original mangrove forest.
4. The method for rapid creation or restoration of mangrove forest according to claim 3, wherein: the submerged dam is integrally buried in the mudflat substrate, and the top of the submerged dam is not lower than the average sea level.
5. The method for rapidly creating or repairing mangrove forest according to claim 4, wherein: the submerged dam is built by reinforced concrete or concrete stones, and the cross section of the submerged dam is trapezoidal.
6. The method for rapid creation or restoration of mangrove forest according to claim 2, wherein the step <2> is operated as follows: in the surrounding range of the sea dike and the submerged dam, the original tidal flat is treated by methods of filling soil, filling sand, pumping sand, constructing tidal ditches and the like to form a new tidal flat suitable for vegetation growth.
7. The method for rapid creation or restoration of mangrove forest according to claim 6, wherein: and the surface elevation of the new beach is not lower than the equivalent average sea level and is not higher than the top of the submerged dam.
8. The method for rapid creation or restoration of mangrove forest according to claim 2, characterized in that step <3> operates as follows: transplanting and recovering mangrove and halodendron plants on the new mudflat formed in the step <2 >.
9. The method for rapid creation or restoration of mangrove forest according to claim 8, wherein: the mangrove and the halodendron plants are native species, and the seedlings are big seedlings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011288603.8A CN112376496A (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Method for quickly creating or repairing mangrove forest by building dike foot submerged dam |
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| CN202011288603.8A CN112376496A (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Method for quickly creating or repairing mangrove forest by building dike foot submerged dam |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112997732A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-22 | 江苏筑港建设集团有限公司 | Dredger fill sludge mud flat structure and rapid greening and planting method thereof |
| CN113179847A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-07-30 | 华盛丰生态(深圳)有限公司 | Mangrove forest suitable land construction method based on oyster reefs |
| CN113728863A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-03 | 广西红树林研究中心 | Method for repairing mangrove forest damage caused by clay overflow |
| CN115553170A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2023-01-03 | 深圳中绿环境集团有限公司 | Method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation |
| CN116168015A (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2023-05-26 | 国家海洋信息中心 | Identification method and device for mangrove repair suitable area |
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Patent Citations (6)
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112997732A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-22 | 江苏筑港建设集团有限公司 | Dredger fill sludge mud flat structure and rapid greening and planting method thereof |
| CN113179847A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-07-30 | 华盛丰生态(深圳)有限公司 | Mangrove forest suitable land construction method based on oyster reefs |
| CN113728863A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-03 | 广西红树林研究中心 | Method for repairing mangrove forest damage caused by clay overflow |
| CN115553170A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2023-01-03 | 深圳中绿环境集团有限公司 | Method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation |
| CN116168015A (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2023-05-26 | 国家海洋信息中心 | Identification method and device for mangrove repair suitable area |
| CN116168015B (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2024-03-26 | 国家海洋信息中心 | Identification method and device for mangrove repair suitable area |
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Application publication date: 20210219 |
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