CN112372780A - Processing technology for improving axial interlaminar fracture of bamboo wood - Google Patents
Processing technology for improving axial interlaminar fracture of bamboo wood Download PDFInfo
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- CN112372780A CN112372780A CN202011368534.1A CN202011368534A CN112372780A CN 112372780 A CN112372780 A CN 112372780A CN 202011368534 A CN202011368534 A CN 202011368534A CN 112372780 A CN112372780 A CN 112372780A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K9/00—Chemical or physical treatment of reed, straw, or similar material
- B27K9/002—Cane, bamboo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/0207—Pretreatment of wood before impregnation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
- B27K3/10—Apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/003—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00 by using electromagnetic radiation or mechanical waves
- B27K5/0055—Radio-waves, e.g. microwaves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/0085—Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/04—Combined bleaching or impregnating and drying of wood
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing technology for improving axial interlaminar fracture of bamboo wood, and relates to the technical field of bamboo wood processing, wherein the specific technology comprises the following steps: 1) preparing nano composite powder; 2) pretreating the plant fiber; 3) preparing nano-scale fiber-based aerogel powder by utilizing the pretreated fiber and sodium alginate; 4) performing microwave puffing treatment on bamboo wood and preparing a steeping liquor; 5) immersing the pretreated bamboo wood into alkali liquor for heat treatment, and performing vapor evaporation treatment after immersion treatment of the immersion liquid. The process method provided by the invention can effectively reduce the cracking of the bamboo wood, so that the phenomenon that the bamboo wood cracks along the axial direction when being dried is effectively improved, and the quality and the processing quality of the bamboo wood are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bamboo processing, and particularly relates to a processing technology for improving interlayer fracture of bamboo in the axial direction.
Background
Bamboo has formed special structure through the evolution of several hundred million years, and this kind of structure corresponds with bamboo mainly receives the bending load that wind and snow etc. arouses, makes the bamboo timber have fine anti transverse bending ability and rigidity. The unique structure of the bamboo wall is the material basis of the bamboo with excellent mechanical property. The bamboo wall can distinguish various cells with different forms, but from the mechanical point of view, the bamboo wall cells can be divided into two categories: one is the basic histiocyte of the thin wall, which transmits the load and plays the role of the matrix of the composite material; the other is the rear wall cell bamboo fiber which forms the vascular bundle and is the main component determining the mechanical property of the bamboo. In the whole bamboo stalk tissue, the parenchyma cell tissue accounts for about 50%, the bamboo fiber accounts for about 40%, and the rest is the catheter and the protoplasm part. Therefore, bamboo is considered as a typical long fiber reinforced uniaxial biocomposite material in macroscopic mechanical behavior, and shows strong anisotropic properties in strength and rigidity. The tensile strength of the bamboo material along the grain direction can reach 150-300MPa, but the tensile strength along the transverse grain direction and the shear strength along the grain direction are very low. Therefore, the transverse tension and shear applied from the outside or caused by the change of environmental conditions are easy to initiate the delamination initiation of the bamboo member along the grain direction, the propagation of the subsequent delamination is controlled not by the strength in the transverse grain direction but by the interlaminar fracture toughness of the bamboo, and even if the crack with vertical grain is formed, the crack is deflected under the load bearing effect of the bamboo member to change to propagate along the grain direction. Therefore, in comparison, the bamboo has poor anti-splitting and anti-shearing capability along the grain direction, and the phenomenon of axial cracking often occurs in drying.
Aiming at the phenomenon that bamboo is easy to crack, various solutions provided in the prior art, for example, chinese patent CN2014106691554 discloses a bamboo pretreatment method, and specifically discloses that the bamboo is subjected to steam treatment to improve the cracking resistance of the bamboo; for example, chinese patent CN2019109960733 discloses an outdoor recombined bamboo material and a manufacturing method thereof, and specifically discloses that when a bamboo board is manufactured, bamboo pieces are dipped and dried, pressed at high pressure and high temperature and subjected to one-step thermosetting molding, so that the compactness among the bamboo pieces is maintained, the excellent performance of bamboo fibers is maintained, and the bamboo board has high-density physical properties, so that the bamboo board has high strength and high density, and the cracking resistance of the bamboo board is improved; although the process has a certain effect on reducing cracking of the bamboo wood, the technical problem that cracks are easy to deflect and expand along the grain direction under the bearing effect of the bamboo wood, so that the bamboo wood is cracked axially frequently cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing technology for improving interlayer fracture of bamboo wood in the axial direction aiming at the existing problems.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a processing technology for improving interlayer fracture of bamboo wood in the axial direction comprises the following specific steps:
1) weighing a proper amount of nickel dichloride hexahydrate and sodium silicate, respectively dissolving the nickel dichloride hexahydrate and the sodium silicate in deionized water to form a nickel dichloride hexahydrate solution with the concentration of 0.05-0.08mmol/ml and a sodium silicate solution with the concentration of 0.3-0.4mmol/ml, mixing the nickel dichloride hexahydrate and the sodium silicate solution according to the volume ratio of 15-18:2 after complete dissolution, stirring for 10-15min at 80-130r/min, then adding sodium hydroxide into the reaction system according to the molar ratio of 73-78:1 of the sodium hydroxide to the nickel dichloride hexahydrate in the reaction system, continuously stirring for 20-30min, transferring to a reaction kettle, reacting for 20-25h at 190 ℃ under 180 ℃ and the temperature, filtering, washing and drying the formed suspension to obtain a powdery product, then dispersing the powdery product and sodium borohydride into the deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:14-17, controlling the mass-to-volume ratio of sodium borohydride to deionized water to be 1:20-25g/ml, uniformly stirring, transferring to a reaction kettle, reducing for 4-6h at 180-200 ℃, washing and drying to obtain nano composite powder; in the invention, the beta-Ni (OH) with a lamellar structure is prepared by adopting a hydrothermal reaction2Then taking the lamellar structure material as a carrier, and loading the simple substance Ni in the lamellar structure material by a hydrothermal reduction method, wherein the loaded simple substance Ni can reduce beta-Ni (OH)2The mutual winding between the sheets in the lamellar structure enables the distribution of the sheets to be more dispersed, so that the nano composite powder with the obvious lamellar structure is formed, and the sheets in the lamellar structure are dispersed, so that the nano composite powder and the fiber-based aerogel powder with the subsequent lamellar structure can form an alternate laminated structure;
2) preparing plant fiber into powder, mixing toluene and ethanol according to a ratio of 2:1, removing for 5-6h at 35-40 ℃ by using a Soxhlet device, dissolving a proper amount of sodium chlorite in deionized water to obtain a sodium chlorite solution with a mass fraction of 1-1.5%, adding an acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 36-38% according to 0.1-0.3% of the volume of an ammonium chlorite solution, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, adding the removed fiber powder into the mixed solution containing sodium chlorite and acetic acid according to a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:30-40g/ml, reacting for 1.5-2.5h at 50-55 ℃, sequentially adding sodium chlorite and acetic acid with a mass concentration of 36-38% according to 1-2% and 0.2-0.25% of the mass of the mixed solution, continuously reacting for 1-2h, filtering the product, washing until the filtrate is neutral, and drying to obtain pretreated fiber; according to the invention, the coating structure of the cell wall in the plant fiber can be damaged by pretreating the plant fiber, and the binding force among cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is reduced, so that the subsequent sodium alginate can be better immersed into the plant fiber;
3) ultrasonically dispersing pretreated fibers in deionized water to obtain a fiber solution with the mass concentration of 1.5-2.5%, then adding sodium alginate according to 1-1.5% of the mass of the fiber solution, stirring at room temperature for 3-5h, refrigerating the obtained mixed solution at-10 ℃ to-20 ℃ for 3-5h, then putting the mixed solution into a freeze dryer for freeze drying at-40 ℃ to-50 ℃ for 25-30h, immersing the obtained aerogel into a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 10-20mg/ml for 10-12h, thoroughly cleaning the product with deionized water, then freeze drying at-40 ℃ to-50 ℃ for 25-30h, and crushing and grinding to obtain nano-scale fiber-based aerogel powder; according to the invention, plant fibers subjected to oxidation pretreatment are used as a matrix material to prepare the fiber-based aerogel, after freeze drying and water evaporation, the planar fiber structure of the fibers is converted into a large cell network with the width of hundreds of microns, and the added sodium alginate can enable the aerogel to present a layered structure, so that the fiber-based aerogel presents layered closed regular arrangement;
4) performing microwave puffing treatment on bamboo wood, controlling the temperature at 130-150 ℃, controlling the puffing treatment time at 20-30s, drying the puffed bamboo wood until the water content is 15-20% to obtain pretreated bamboo wood, respectively performing ultrasonic dispersion on the nano composite powder and the fiber-based aerogel powder in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain two kinds of dispersion liquid with the mass concentration of 2-4%, uniformly mixing the two kinds of dispersion liquid according to the volume ratio of 1:1, stirring for 30-50min at 160r/min with 100-one-material to obtain impregnation liquid, and sealing for later use; according to the invention, the bamboo is puffed by high-intensity microwaves, so that the microstructure in the bamboo is destroyed, a large-aperture fluid channel is formed in the bamboo, the permeability of the wood is obviously improved, and the impregnation liquid can better permeate into the bamboo in the subsequent pressurization impregnation treatment;
5) immersing the pretreated bamboo wood into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-1.5%, sealing, heating to 120-fold organic sodium carbonate solution, carrying out heat treatment for 1-2h, taking out the bamboo wood, repeatedly washing until the filtrate is neutral, then drying in a vacuum oven with the temperature of 70-80 ℃ until the water content is 10-15%, transferring to a pressurizing impregnation tank, vacuumizing to 20-60Pa, injecting impregnation liquid, carrying out negative pressure impregnation for 2-3h, then pressurizing to 2-3MPa, carrying out pressurizing impregnation for 2-3h, taking out the bamboo wood, carrying out steam treatment for 30-50min by adopting water vapor with the temperature of 100-fold organic sodium carbonate solution and 130 ℃, taking out, naturally airing, and drying at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 8-10h to finish the processing treatment of the bamboo wood; according to the invention, the bamboo is immersed in the alkali liquor for heat treatment, the alkali liquor can etch the fiber pipe wall in the bamboo, and the roughness of the pipe wall is improved, so that the nano composite powder and the fiber-based aerogel in the immersion liquid can be better loaded on the fiber pipe wall; the bamboo material is soaked and then is subjected to vapor evaporation treatment, under the high-temperature condition and the flowing action of steam, the movement of nano composite powder and fiber-based aerogel powder in the bamboo material can be accelerated, the thermal movement collision between the nano composite powder and the fiber-based aerogel powder is promoted, the alternate lamination between the two lamellar structures is accelerated, and the alternately superposed interface layers are formed on the cell tube wall in the bamboo material, because the difference of hardness and toughness exists between the nano composite powder and the fiber-based aerogel powder, the formed interface layers have deflection action on cracks, so that the cracks are expanded along the interlayer interface, when the bearing capacity of the bamboo material is continuously increased, the cracks are turned and are expanded along the direction vertical to the interface, when the substrate layer of the interface layers fails, the cracks are deflected again when reaching the next interface, and along with the repeated deflection of the cracks, the cracks are effectively delayed to be expanded along the grain direction, and the interface layer matrix layer can play a bridging role after being broken, so that the opening displacement of cracks is reduced, and the expansion of the cracks is delayed, thereby reducing the axial cracking of the bamboo wood, and effectively improving the phenomenon that the bamboo wood cracks along the axial direction when being dried.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the bamboo processing technology provided by the invention can accelerate the movement of the nano composite powder and the fiber-based aerogel powder in the bamboo by permeating the nano composite powder and the fiber-based aerogel powder with the lamellar structures into the bamboo under the high-temperature condition and the flowing action of steam, promote the thermal movement collision between the nano composite powder and the fiber-based aerogel powder, thus accelerating the alternate lamination between the lamellar structures, forming an alternately superposed interface layer on the cell tube wall in the bamboo, leading the formed interface layer to generate deflection action on cracks due to the difference of hardness and toughness between the two substances, leading the cracks to expand along the interlayer interface, leading the cracks to turn and expand along the direction vertical to the interface when the bearing of the bamboo is continuously increased, leading the cracks to generate deflection again when the substrate layer of the interface layer fails and reaches the next interface, and leading the cracks to repeatedly generate deflection along with the repeated fracture, the crack is effectively delayed to be expanded along the grain direction, and the interface layer matrix layer can play a bridging role after being fractured, so that the opening displacement of the crack is reduced, and the expansion of the crack is delayed, thereby reducing the axial cracking of the bamboo wood, and effectively improving the phenomenon that the bamboo wood is cracked along the axial direction when being dried.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A processing technology for improving interlayer fracture of bamboo wood in the axial direction comprises the following specific steps:
1) weighing a proper amount of nickel dichloride hexahydrate and sodium silicate, respectively dissolving the nickel dichloride hexahydrate and the sodium silicate in deionized water to form a nickel dichloride hexahydrate solution with the concentration of 0.05mmol/ml and a sodium silicate solution with the concentration of 0.3mmol/ml, mixing the nickel dichloride hexahydrate and the sodium silicate solution according to the volume ratio of 15:2 after complete dissolution, stirring for 10min at 80r/min, adding sodium hydroxide into the reaction system according to the molar ratio of 73:1 of the sodium hydroxide to the nickel dichloride hexahydrate in the reaction system, continuously stirring for 20-30min, transferring into a reaction kettle, reacting for 20h at 180 ℃, filtering, washing and drying the formed suspension to obtain a powdery product, then dispersing the powdery product and sodium borohydride into the deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:14, controlling the mass volume ratio of the sodium borohydride to the deionized water to be 1:20g/ml, uniformly stirring, transferring into the reaction kettle, reducing for 4h at 180 ℃, washing and drying to obtain nano composite powder;
2) preparing cotton fibers into powder, mixing toluene and ethanol according to a ratio of 2:1, removing for 5 hours at 35 ℃ by using a soxhlet device, dissolving a proper amount of sodium chlorite in deionized water to obtain a sodium chlorite solution with a mass fraction of 1%, adding an acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 36% according to 0.1% of the volume of an ammonium chlorite solution, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, adding the removed fiber powder into the mixed solution containing sodium chlorite and acetic acid according to a mass-volume ratio of 1:30g/ml, reacting for 1.5 hours at 50 ℃, sequentially adding sodium chlorite and acetic acid with a mass concentration of 36% according to 1% and 0.2% of the mass of the mixed solution, continuing to react for 1 hour, filtering a product, washing until filtrate is neutral, and drying to obtain pretreated fibers;
3) ultrasonically dispersing pretreated fibers in deionized water to obtain a fiber solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, then adding sodium alginate according to 1% of the mass of the fiber solution, stirring for 3 hours at room temperature, refrigerating the obtained mixed solution for 3 hours at-10 ℃, then putting the mixed solution into a freeze dryer for freeze drying for 25 hours at-40 ℃, immersing the obtained aerogel into a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 10mg/ml for 10 hours, thoroughly cleaning the product with deionized water, then freeze drying again for 25 hours at-40 ℃, and crushing and grinding to obtain nano-scale fiber-based aerogel powder;
4) performing microwave puffing treatment on bamboo wood, controlling the temperature at 130 ℃, controlling the puffing treatment time at 20s, drying the puffed bamboo wood until the water content is 15% to obtain pretreated bamboo wood, respectively performing ultrasonic dispersion on nano composite powder and fiber-based aerogel powder in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain two dispersion solutions with the mass concentration of 2%, uniformly mixing the two dispersion solutions according to the volume ratio of 1:1, stirring for 30min at 100r/min to obtain an impregnation solution, and sealing for later use;
5) immersing pretreated bamboo wood into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 0.5%, sealing, heating to 120 ℃, carrying out heat treatment for 1h, taking out the bamboo wood, repeatedly washing until filtrate is neutral, then drying in a vacuum oven with the temperature of 70 ℃ until the water content is 10%, transferring to a pressure impregnation tank, vacuumizing to 20Pa, injecting impregnation liquid, carrying out negative pressure impregnation for 2h, then pressurizing to 2MPa, carrying out pressure impregnation for 2h, taking out the bamboo wood, carrying out steam steaming treatment for 30min by adopting water vapor with the temperature of 100 ℃, taking out, naturally airing, and drying for 8h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to finish the processing treatment of the bamboo wood.
Example 2
A processing technology for improving interlayer fracture of bamboo wood in the axial direction comprises the following specific steps:
1) weighing a proper amount of nickel dichloride hexahydrate and sodium silicate, respectively dissolving the nickel dichloride hexahydrate and the sodium silicate in deionized water to form a nickel dichloride hexahydrate solution with the concentration of 0.06mmol/ml and a sodium silicate solution with the concentration of 0.35mmol/ml, mixing the nickel dichloride hexahydrate and the sodium silicate solution according to the volume ratio of 17:2 after the nickel dichloride hexahydrate and the sodium silicate are completely dissolved, stirring for 12min at 110r/min, adding sodium hydroxide into the reaction system according to the molar ratio of 75:1 of the sodium hydroxide to the nickel dichloride hexahydrate in the reaction system, continuously stirring for 25min, transferring the mixture into a reaction kettle, reacting for 23h at 185 ℃, filtering, washing and drying the formed suspension to obtain a powdery product, then dispersing the powdery product and sodium borohydride into the deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:15, controlling the mass volume ratio of the sodium borohydride to the deionized water to be 1:23g/ml, uniformly stirring, transferring the, reducing for 5h at 190 ℃, washing and drying to obtain nano composite powder;
2) preparing cotton fibers into powder, mixing toluene and ethanol according to a ratio of 2:1, removing for 5.5 hours at 38 ℃ by using a soxhlet device, dissolving a proper amount of sodium chlorite in deionized water to obtain a sodium chlorite solution with a mass fraction of 1.2%, adding an acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 37% according to 0.2% of the volume of the ammonium chlorite solution, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, adding the removed fiber powder into the mixed solution containing sodium chlorite and acetic acid according to a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:35g/ml, reacting for 2 hours at 53 ℃, sequentially adding sodium chlorite and acetic acid with a mass concentration of 37% according to 1.5% and 0.23% of the mass of the mixed solution, continuously reacting for 1.5 hours, filtering and washing a product until filtrate is neutral, and drying to obtain pretreated fibers;
3) ultrasonically dispersing pretreated fibers in deionized water to obtain a fiber solution with the mass concentration of 2%, then adding sodium alginate according to 1.2% of the mass of the fiber solution, stirring for 4 hours at room temperature, refrigerating the obtained mixed solution for 4 hours at-15 ℃, then putting the mixed solution into a freeze dryer for freeze drying for 28 hours at-45 ℃, immersing the obtained aerogel into a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 15mg/ml for 11 hours, thoroughly cleaning the product with deionized water, then freeze drying again for 28 hours at-45 ℃, and crushing and grinding to obtain nano-scale fiber-based aerogel powder;
4) performing microwave puffing treatment on bamboo wood, controlling the temperature at 140 ℃, controlling the puffing treatment time at 25s, drying the puffed bamboo wood until the water content is 17% to obtain pretreated bamboo wood, respectively performing ultrasonic dispersion on nano composite powder and fiber-based aerogel powder in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain two dispersion solutions with the mass concentration of 3%, uniformly mixing the two dispersion solutions according to the volume ratio of 1:1, stirring for 40min at 150r/min to obtain an impregnation solution, and sealing for later use;
5) immersing pretreated bamboo wood into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 1%, sealing, heating to 130 ℃, carrying out heat treatment for 1.5h, taking out the bamboo wood, repeatedly washing until filtrate is neutral, then drying in a 75 ℃ vacuum oven until the water content is 12%, transferring to a pressure impregnation tank, vacuumizing to 50Pa, injecting impregnation liquid, carrying out negative pressure impregnation for 2.5h, then pressurizing to 2.5MPa, carrying out pressure impregnation for 2.5h, taking out the bamboo wood, carrying out steam steaming treatment for 40min by adopting 120 ℃ water vapor, taking out, naturally airing, and drying for 9h at 65 ℃ to finish the processing treatment of the bamboo wood.
Example 3
A processing technology for improving interlayer fracture of bamboo wood in the axial direction comprises the following specific steps:
1) weighing appropriate amount of nickel dichloride hexahydrate and sodium silicate, respectively dissolving the nickel dichloride hexahydrate and the sodium silicate in deionized water to form a nickel dichloride hexahydrate solution with the concentration of 0.08mmol/ml and a sodium silicate solution with the concentration of 0.4mmol/ml, mixing the two solutions according to the volume ratio of 18:2 after the two solutions are completely dissolved, stirring for 15min at 130r/min, adding sodium hydroxide into the reaction system according to the molar ratio of 78:1 of the sodium hydroxide to the nickel dichloride hexahydrate in the reaction system, continuously stirring for 30min, transferring the mixture into a reaction kettle, reacting for 25h at 190 ℃, filtering, washing and drying the formed suspension to obtain a powdery product, then dispersing the powdery product and sodium borohydride into the deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:17, controlling the mass volume ratio of the sodium borohydride to the deionized water to be 1:25g/ml, uniformly stirring, transferring the mixture into the reaction kettle, reducing for 6h at 200 ℃, washing and drying to obtain nano composite powder;
2) preparing cotton fibers into powder, mixing toluene and ethanol according to a ratio of 2:1, removing for 6 hours at 40 ℃ by using a soxhlet device, dissolving a proper amount of sodium chlorite in deionized water to obtain a sodium chlorite solution with a mass fraction of 1.5%, adding an acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 38% according to 0.3% of the volume of an ammonium chlorite solution, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, adding the removed fiber powder into the mixed solution containing sodium chlorite and acetic acid according to a mass-volume ratio of 1:40g/ml, reacting for 2.5 hours at 55 ℃, sequentially adding sodium chlorite and acetic acid with a mass concentration of 38% according to 2% and 0.25% of the mass of the mixed solution, continuously reacting for 2 hours, filtering a product, washing until filtrate is neutral, and drying to obtain pretreated fibers;
3) ultrasonically dispersing pretreated fibers in deionized water to obtain a fiber solution with the mass concentration of 2.5%, then adding sodium alginate according to 1.5% of the mass of the fiber solution, stirring for 5 hours at room temperature, refrigerating the obtained mixed solution for 5 hours at the temperature of minus 20 ℃, then putting the mixed solution into a freeze dryer for freeze drying for 30 hours at the temperature of minus 50 ℃, immersing the obtained aerogel into a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 20mg/ml for 12 hours, thoroughly cleaning the product with deionized water, then freeze drying for 30 hours at the temperature of minus 50 ℃, and crushing and grinding to obtain nano-scale fiber-based aerogel powder;
4) performing microwave puffing treatment on bamboo wood, controlling the temperature at 150 ℃, controlling the puffing treatment time at 30s, drying the puffed bamboo wood until the water content is 20% to obtain pretreated bamboo wood, respectively performing ultrasonic dispersion on nano composite powder and fiber-based aerogel powder in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain two dispersion solutions with mass concentrations of 4%, uniformly mixing the two dispersion solutions according to the volume ratio of 1:1, stirring for 50min at 160r/min to obtain an impregnation solution, and sealing for later use;
5) immersing pretreated bamboo wood into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, sealing, heating to 150 ℃, carrying out heat treatment for 2h, taking out the bamboo wood, repeatedly washing until the filtrate is neutral, then drying in a vacuum oven with the temperature of 80 ℃ until the water content is 15%, transferring to a pressure impregnation tank, vacuumizing to 60Pa, injecting impregnation liquid, carrying out negative pressure impregnation for 3h, then pressurizing to 3MPa, carrying out pressure impregnation for 3h, taking out the bamboo wood, carrying out steam steaming treatment for 50min by adopting water vapor with the temperature of 130 ℃, taking out, naturally airing, and drying for 10h at the temperature of 70 ℃ to finish the processing treatment of the bamboo wood.
Comparative example 1: the nano composite powder processed in the step 1) is removed, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2: the nano-scale fiber-based aerogel powder processed in the steps 2) and 3) is removed, and the rest is the same as that in the example 1.
Comparative example 3: the sodium borohydride in step 1) was removed and the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4: the sodium alginate in step 3) was removed and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5: the microwave puffing treatment in the step 4) is removed, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 6: the lye heat treatment in step 5) was removed and the rest the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 7: the vapor treatment in step 5) was removed, and the process was the same as in example 1.
Control group: the bamboo is placed in a vacuum oven to be dried until the moisture content is 10%, and no other treatment process is carried out.
Test experiments
Selecting 5-year-old Mao bamboo in Anhui Lujiang county, wherein the total height of the Mao bamboo is about 15m, the diameter at breast height is 120mm, cutting off bamboo tubes between 2-6m of bamboo stalks to remove joints, the height of the bamboo tubes is 10cm, grinding the green and yellow surfaces of the bamboo tubes, then processing according to the process methods provided by the examples 1-3, the comparative examples 1-7 and the comparison group, wherein each process method provides 60 bamboo tube samples, the bamboo tube samples are put into 100 ℃ boiling water for boiling for 2h, and then put into a forced air drying oven after being taken out, drying at 80 ℃ for 24h, then measuring the surface crack condition of the bamboo tube sample, and determining the crack width: the width of the center of the length of each crack was observed with a reading microscope, namely the width of the crack (accurate to 0.02 mm), averaging the widths of all the cracks of 3 repeated samples, and obtaining an average value which is the width of the crack of the current bamboo tube sample; measuring the crack length, namely measuring the length (accurate to 1 mm) of each crack by using a ruler, and averaging the lengths of all 3 repeated cracks of the sample to obtain an average value, namely the crack length of the current bamboo tube sample; and (3) measuring the number of cracks: numbering the cracks when measuring the lengths of the cracks, wherein the obtained number of the numbers is the number of the cracks of the current bamboo tube sample; the obtained numerical values of the crack width, the length and the number of each bamboo tube sample are collected and averaged to obtain the data of the reformed bamboo tube sample, and the results are shown in the following table:
according to the test results, the cracking of the bamboo wood can be effectively reduced by the process method, so that the phenomenon that the bamboo wood cracks along the axial direction when being dried is effectively improved.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not thought of through the inventive work should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A processing technology for improving interlayer fracture of bamboo wood in the axial direction is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) weighing a proper amount of nickel dichloride hexahydrate and sodium silicate, respectively dissolving the nickel dichloride hexahydrate and the sodium silicate in deionized water to form solutions, mixing the two solutions after the two solutions are completely dissolved, adding a proper amount of sodium hydroxide after stirring for 10-15min, continuously stirring for 20-30min, transferring the mixture into a reaction kettle, reacting for 20-25h at the temperature of 190 ℃, filtering, washing and drying the formed suspension to obtain a powdery product, then dispersing the powdery product in the deionized water together with a proper amount of sodium borohydride, uniformly stirring, transferring the powdery product into the reaction kettle, reducing for 4-6h at the temperature of 200 ℃, washing and drying to obtain nano composite powder;
2) preparing plant fiber into powder, mixing toluene and ethanol according to a ratio of 2:1, removing for 5-6h at 35-40 ℃ by using a Soxhlet device, adding the removed fiber powder into a mixed solution containing sodium chlorite and acetic acid, reacting for 1.5-2.5h at 50-55 ℃, then adding a proper amount of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, continuing to react for 1-2h, filtering a product, washing until filtrate is neutral, and drying to obtain pretreated fiber;
3) ultrasonically dispersing pretreated fibers in deionized water to obtain a fiber solution, adding a proper amount of sodium alginate, stirring at room temperature for 3-5h, refrigerating the obtained mixed solution, then putting the mixed solution into a freeze dryer for freeze drying at-40 to-50 ℃ for 25-30h, immersing the obtained aerogel in a calcium chloride solution for 10-12h, thoroughly cleaning the product with deionized water, freeze drying again at-40 to-50 ℃ for 25-30h, and crushing and grinding to obtain nano-scale fiber-based aerogel powder;
4) performing microwave puffing treatment on bamboo wood, controlling the temperature at 130-150 ℃, controlling the puffing treatment time at 20-30s, drying the puffed bamboo wood until the water content is 15-20% to obtain pretreated bamboo wood, respectively performing ultrasonic dispersion on the nano composite powder and the fiber-based aerogel powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly mixing the obtained two dispersions according to the volume ratio of 1:1, stirring for 30-50min to obtain a steeping fluid, and sealing for later use;
5) immersing the pretreated bamboo wood into a sodium hydroxide solution, sealing, heating to 120-80 ℃, carrying out heat treatment for 1-2h, taking out the bamboo wood, repeatedly washing until the filtrate is neutral, then drying in a vacuum oven at 70-80 ℃ until the water content is 10-15%, transferring to a pressure impregnation tank, vacuumizing to 20-60Pa, injecting impregnation liquid, carrying out negative pressure impregnation for 2-3h, then pressurizing to 2-3MPa, carrying out pressure impregnation for 2-3h, taking out the bamboo wood, carrying out steam steaming treatment for 30-50min by using water vapor at 130 ℃ and 100-70 ℃, taking out, naturally airing, and drying at 60-70 ℃ for 8-10h to complete the processing treatment of the bamboo wood.
2. The processing technology for improving the interlayer fracture tendency of bamboo wood in the axial direction as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the process step 1), the concentration of the nickel dichloride hexahydrate solution is 0.05-0.08mmol/ml, the concentration of the sodium silicate solution is 0.3-0.4mmol/ml, and the volume ratio of the nickel dichloride solution to the sodium silicate solution is 15-18: 2; the molar ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the nickel dichloride hexahydrate in the reaction system is 73-78: 1; the stirring speed is 80-130 r/min.
3. The processing technology for improving the easy interlayer fracture of the bamboo material in the axial direction as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the processing step 1), the mass ratio of the powdery product to the sodium borohydride is 1: 14-17; the mass volume ratio of the sodium borohydride to the deionized water is 1:20-25 g/ml.
4. The processing technology for improving the bamboo axial direction easy to generate interlayer fracture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the process step 2), the mass volume ratio of the fiber powder to the mixed solution is 1:30-40 g/ml; the preparation method of the mixed solution comprises the following steps: dissolving a proper amount of sodium chlorite in deionized water to obtain a sodium chlorite solution with the mass fraction of 1-1.5%, adding an acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 36-38% according to 0.1-0.3% of the volume of the ammonium chlorite solution, and uniformly mixing.
5. The processing technology for improving the interlayer fracture tendency of bamboo wood in the axial direction as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the processing step 2), the addition amount of sodium chlorite is 1-2% of the mass of the mixed solution, the mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 36-38%, and the addition amount is 0.2-0.25% of the volume of the mixed solution.
6. The processing technology for improving the axial interlaminar fracture tendency of bamboo wood according to claim 1, characterized in that in the process step 3), the mass concentration of the fiber solution is 1.5-2.5%; the addition amount of the sodium alginate is 1-1.5% of the mass of the fiber solution; the temperature of the refrigeration treatment is-10 to-20 ℃, and the refrigeration time is 3 to 5 hours; the concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 10-20 mg/ml.
7. The processing technology for improving the interlayer fracture tendency of bamboo wood in the axial direction as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the process step 4), the mass concentration of the two dispersions is 2-4%; the stirring speed is 100-160 r/min.
8. The processing technology for improving the interlayer fracture tendency of bamboo wood in the axial direction as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the process step 4), the mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-1.5%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115582897A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-01-10 | 浙江森林生物科技有限公司 | Bamboo moisture-equalizing puffing treatment equipment and process |
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