CN112370866A - 一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料,包括三层结构,迎风向的第一层为纳米纤维过滤层,第二层为纳米材料抗菌层,第三层为基底层。本发明还提供一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料的制备方法,包括:在基底层上涂覆一层粘合剂;采用静电喷雾工艺在基底层上,涂覆抗菌微球成为纳米材料抗菌层;采用静电纺丝工艺在纳米材料抗菌层上,制备一层纳米纤维过滤层;将上述复合材料进行热轧复合。本发明能在保证高效过滤的同时,降低过滤阻力,抗菌效果达到99%以上,全部材料都是绿色可降解的环保材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料及其制备方法,尤其是一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料的制备方法。
背景技术
空气是人类赖以生存的必要条件,但随着经济的发展,工业生产和城市生活造成的空气污染日益严重,引起了人们越来越多的关注。人们对于滤材的要求已经不仅仅是对于PM2.5颗粒物的过滤,还包含对于细菌和病毒的过滤。目前市场上的空气过滤材料主要有玻璃纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、聚酯纤维、PTFE膜等,这类材料虽然有着较高的过滤效率,但是空气阻力偏大不利于节能,使用周期短且无法重复使用,不具备抗菌、抗病毒的性能,无法面对日趋严重的环境污染问题。其次现在过多的废弃滤材由于不能自然降解也造成了极大的环境压力。
静电纺丝技术是一种性价比较高的纳米纤维成型方式。自上世纪以来,大量的人造高分子(PA6, PAN, PVDF等)和天然高分子材料(HA,Chitosan, GE等)被利用静电纺丝技术加工成了纳米纤维材料,并被应用在了过滤、医疗器械、能源电池等领域。纳米纤维材料的小孔径、高孔隙率以及极大的比表面积特性赋予了其高效低阻的过滤性能,以及特有的兼容性能与其他多种功能性材料复合。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的缺陷,提供一种纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料及其制备方法,能在保证高效过滤的同时,降低过滤阻力,抗菌效果达到99%以上,全部材料都是绿色可降解的环保材料。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料,包括三层结构,迎风向的第一层为纳米纤维过滤层,第二层为纳米材料抗菌层,第三层为基底层。
优选地,所述纳米纤维过滤层是将纺丝原液通过静电纺丝形成的多孔膜,所述多孔膜的纤维直径为50~1000nm,所述多孔膜的孔径为400~5000nm,孔隙率为80%以上,厚度为1 ~5μm。
优选地,所述纺丝原液是将可降解的高分子材料溶于溶剂制备成浓度为7%~25%的溶液,所述可降解的高分子材料为聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚乙烯醇中的一种,所述溶剂为水或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
优选地,所述纳米材料抗菌层是将抗菌原液通过静电喷雾形成的直径为10~100nm的微球堆积而成,所述纳米材料抗菌层的厚度为1~3μm。
优选地,所述抗菌原液是十八烷基二甲基氯化铵或纳米银溶于溶剂中制备成的浓度为7%- 25%的溶液或悬浊液,所述溶剂为水或乙醇。
优选地,所述基底层为可降解材料,所述可降解材料是采用聚乳酸或木浆纤维制备的多孔网结构的透气材料,所述可降解材料克重为15~80 gsm,厚度为100 ~200μm,所述可降解材料包括无纺布、纸、纱中的一种。
本发明还提供一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料的制备方法,包括:
在基底层上涂覆一层粘合剂;
采用静电喷雾工艺在基底层上,涂覆抗菌微球成为纳米材料抗菌层;
采用静电纺丝工艺在纳米材料抗菌层上,制备一层纳米纤维过滤层;
将上述复合材料进行热轧复合。
优选地,所述基底层和纳米纤维过滤层中添加用于增加纳米纤维机械性能的材料,所述材料为石墨烯或碳纳米管。
优选地,所述基底层和纳米纤维过滤层中添加疏水疏油改性剂,所述疏水疏油改性剂为全氟己基乙基丙烯酸酯、全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯、全氟奎基乙基丙烯酸酯、全氟十二烷基乙基丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种。
本发明所达到的有益效果:
(1)在基底层上的过滤层和抗菌层厚度薄(2~8μm),同时具有良好的柔韧性。
(2)孔径小,孔隙率大,能在保证高效过滤的同时,降低过滤阻力,在对0.3μm的颗粒物过滤效率达到99.9995%以上时,过滤阻力在150Pa。对标常规玻纤滤材,阻力在350Pa。
(3)极大的比表面积,能使抗菌剂和空气的接触面积最大化,提高对空气当中细菌的杀灭效果,抗菌效果达到99%以上。
(4)表面过滤的过滤特性,能在清理表面滤饼后,使滤材更新,达到重复使用的目的。
(5)全部材料都是绿色可降解的环保材料。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
如图1所示,本发明提供一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料,包括三层结构,迎风向的第一层为纳米纤维过滤层1,第二层为纳米材料抗菌层2,第三层为基底层3。
所述纳米纤维过滤层1是将纺丝原液通过静电纺丝形成的多孔膜,所述多孔膜的纤维直径为50~1000nm,所述多孔膜的孔径为400~5000nm,孔隙率为80%以上,厚度为1 ~5μm。所述纺丝原液是将可降解的高分子材料溶于溶剂制备成浓度为7%~25%的溶液,所述可降解的高分子材料为聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚乙烯醇中的一种,所述溶剂为水或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
所述纳米材料抗菌层2是将抗菌原液通过静电喷雾形成的直径为10~100nm的微球堆积而成,所述纳米材料抗菌层2的厚度为1~3μm。所述抗菌原液是十八烷基二甲基氯化铵或纳米银溶于溶剂中制备成的浓度为7%- 25%的溶液或悬浊液,所述溶剂为水或乙醇。
所述基底层3为可降解材料,所述可降解材料是采用聚乳酸或木浆纤维制备的多孔网结构的透气材料,所述可降解材料克重为15~80 gsm,厚度为100 ~200μm,所述可降解材料包括无纺布、纸、纱中的一种。
本发明还提供一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料的制备方法,包括:
在基底层3上涂覆一层粘合剂;
采用静电喷雾工艺在基底层3上,涂覆抗菌微球成为纳米材料抗菌层2;
采用静电纺丝工艺在纳米材料抗菌层2上,制备一层纳米纤维过滤层1;
将上述复合材料进行热轧复合。
所述基底层3和纳米纤维过滤层1中还可以添加用于增加纳米纤维机械性能的材料,所述材料为石墨烯或碳纳米管。
所述基底层3和纳米纤维过滤层1中还可以添加疏水疏油改性剂,所述疏水疏油改性剂为全氟己基乙基丙烯酸酯、全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯、全氟奎基乙基丙烯酸酯、全氟十二烷基乙基丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变形,这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料,其特征在于,包括三层结构,迎风向的第一层为纳米纤维过滤层(1),第二层为纳米材料抗菌层(2),第三层为基底层(3)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料,其特征在于,所述纳米纤维过滤层(1)是将纺丝原液通过静电纺丝形成的多孔膜,所述多孔膜的纤维直径为50~1000nm,所述多孔膜的孔径为400~5000nm,孔隙率为80%以上,厚度为1 ~5μm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料,其特征在于,所述纺丝原液是将可降解的高分子材料溶于溶剂制备成浓度为7%~25%的溶液,所述可降解的高分子材料为聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚乙烯醇中的一种,所述溶剂为水或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料,其特征在于,所述纳米材料抗菌层(2)是将抗菌原液通过静电喷雾形成的直径为10~100nm的微球堆积而成,所述纳米材料抗菌层(2)的厚度为1~3μm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料,其特征在于,所述抗菌原液是十八烷基二甲基氯化铵或纳米银溶于溶剂中制备成的浓度为7%- 25%的溶液或悬浊液,所述溶剂为水或乙醇。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料,其特征在于,所述基底层(3)为可降解材料,所述可降解材料是采用聚乳酸或木浆纤维制备的多孔网结构的透气材料,所述可降解材料克重为15~80 gsm,厚度为100 ~200μm,所述可降解材料包括无纺布、纸、纱中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的一种可降解的抗菌纳米纤维无纺布复合滤料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
在基底层(3)上涂覆一层粘合剂;
采用静电喷雾工艺在基底层(3)上,涂覆抗菌微球成为纳米材料抗菌层(2);
采用静电纺丝工艺在纳米材料抗菌层(2)上,制备一层纳米纤维过滤层(1);
将上述复合材料进行热轧复合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述基底层(3)和纳米纤维过滤层(1)中添加用于增加纳米纤维机械性能的材料,所述材料为石墨烯或碳纳米管。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述基底层(3)和纳米纤维过滤层(1)中添加疏水疏油改性剂,所述疏水疏油改性剂为全氟己基乙基丙烯酸酯、全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯、全氟奎基乙基丙烯酸酯、全氟十二烷基乙基丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种。
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