CN112369532A - Laying hen feed and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Laying hen feed and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112369532A CN112369532A CN202011437533.8A CN202011437533A CN112369532A CN 112369532 A CN112369532 A CN 112369532A CN 202011437533 A CN202011437533 A CN 202011437533A CN 112369532 A CN112369532 A CN 112369532A
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- feed
- laying
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- laying hen
- egg
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940078480 calcium levulinate Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylsulfamic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 12
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019742 Vitamins premix Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004160 Capsicum annuum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000273928 Zingiber officinale Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006886 Zingiber officinale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940029982 garlic powder Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LPUQAYUQRXPFSQ-DFWYDOINSA-M monosodium L-glutamate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O LPUQAYUQRXPFSQ-DFWYDOINSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013923 monosodium glutamate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004223 monosodium glutamate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 34
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 241001052560 Thallis Species 0.000 description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 6
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108090000145 Bacillolysin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000035092 Neutral proteases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108091005507 Neutral proteases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019501 Lemon oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000020673 hypertrichosis-acromegaloid facial appearance syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000010501 lemon oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035404 Autolysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl lactate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)O MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010057248 Cell death Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001191 butyl (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001434 dietary modification Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013345 egg yolk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003053 immunization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002649 immunization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940068140 lactobacillus bifidus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012372 quality testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028043 self proteolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001446247 uncultured actinomycete Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/51—Bifidobacterium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a laying hen feed and a preparation method and application thereof. The laying hen feed comprises a basic chicken feed, a folic acid yeast autolysate and a probiotic additive, wherein the weight percentages of the folic acid yeast autolysate and the probiotic additive in the feed are respectively 3% -5% and 0.5% -2%. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the basic chicken feed ingredients into uniform powder; adding folic acid yeast autolysate and mixing; adding probiotic additives, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 3-5 days at 20-30 ℃, drying and crushing into particles of 2-5mm to obtain the feed. The laying hen feed and the preparation method thereof are applied to improving the egg laying performance and the egg quality of the laying hen. The laying hen feed is applied to the later period of the laying peak of the laying hen, so that the laying performance and the egg quality can be obviously improved, the reduction range of the laying rate and the quality egg rate at the later period of the laying peak is relieved, the reduction of the egg quality is improved, and the laying period is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry feeds, and particularly relates to a laying hen feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the maturity of the breeding technology, the breeding of laying hens enters the thin profit stage, and how to efficiently improve the production performance and the egg quality of the laying hens can directly influence the economic benefit of production. The laying performance of the laying hens mainly comprises the age of the laying hens in the day of laying, the egg laying peak period and the maintenance time thereof, the death and culling rate of the laying hens in the egg laying period, the rate of certified eggs and the like. Wherein the egg laying peak period and the maintenance time thereof determine the production performance and the egg quality in the later period of egg laying, and even the egg laying efficiency and the egg laying amount of the whole egg laying period of the laying hens.
Research shows that the feed cost accounts for more than 70% of the chicken raising cost, the feed plays a vital role on the health of chickens, and the role mainly appears in the following two aspects: 1. the influence of the feed on the feeding environment; 2. effect of feed ingredients on meat and egg products. Most of the existing commercial feeds in the egg producing period can not meet the requirements of nutrition and health of the egg-producing laying hens, such as protein, amino acid, calcium, active ingredients for resisting stress and improving immunity and the like. Due to the influence of high egg laying stress and nutrition loss in the egg laying peak period, the metabolic level and the nutrition requirement of the laying hens are changed, so that intestinal tract injury, fat deposition increase or calcium absorption reduction are easy to occur, and further, the problems of short maintenance time in the egg laying peak period, high death and culling rate in the later egg laying period, serious reduction of egg quality (eggshells, egg yolks and egg white) and the like are caused. Therefore, the health and metabolic state of the laying hens are regulated and controlled by a nutritional means in the later period of the egg laying peak, and the nutritional regulation and control method has key effects of antecedent and posterous maintenance, prolongation of the egg laying period, and improvement of the laying performance and egg quality of the laying hens in the later period of the egg laying.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a layer feed, a preparation method and applications thereof, aiming at the problem that most of the existing commercial feeds in the laying period cannot meet the nutritional and health requirements of the layer with high laying rate. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a laying hen feed, which comprises a basic chicken feed, a folic acid yeast autolysate and a probiotic additive, wherein the weight percentages of the folic acid yeast autolysate and the probiotic additive in the feed are respectively 3% -5% and 0.5% -2%.
Further, the preparation method of the folic acid yeast autolysate comprises the following steps: adding folic acid into the beer yeast for multiple times in the growth stabilization period of the beer yeast, and then fermenting for 12-20 hours at 30-40 ℃ to obtain thalli; after being inactivated, the thalli are uniformly mixed with neutral protease and a pH regulator, and are subjected to autolysis for 15-20 hours under the conditions of pH 6-7 and 55-60 ℃; centrifuging the autolyzed mixed solution and freeze-drying to obtain the product.
Preferably, the folic acid is added in an amount of 3-5 mg/kg of beer yeast.
Further, the basic chicken feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-35% of corn, 25-35% of fermentation fungus chaff, 5-10% of fermented soybean meal, 10-15% of fermented soybean meal, 1-7% of stone powder, 5-10% of fish meal, 3-8% of calcium levulinate powder, 0.3-0.5% of methionine iron and 1-3% of vitamin premix.
Further, the preparation method of the calcium levulinate powder comprises the following steps: cleaning at least one of shrimp shell, crab shell, shellfish shell and egg shell, drying, and pulverizing to obtain shell powder; adding citric acid into the shell powder, and reacting at 35-40 ℃ for 30min-1 h; filtering after the reaction is finished, and spray-drying the filtrate to obtain the catalyst.
Further, the basic chicken feed also comprises 1-3% of algae oil.
Optionally, the basic chicken feed further comprises 0.5% -3% of citrus peel.
Optionally, the basal chicken feed further comprises 0.1-0.5% of a flavoring agent.
Optionally, the flavoring agent is selected from at least one of vanillin, lemon oil butyric acid, butyl lactate, vanillin.
Preferably, the flavoring agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of scallion powder, 5-10 parts of garlic powder, 2-4 parts of ginger powder, 1-3 parts of five spice powder, 0.5-1 part of chilli powder, 6-8 parts of dry yeast, 0.1-0.5 part of monosodium glutamate and 0.1-0.5 part of salt.
Further, the probiotic additive comprises at least three of lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis which are mixed according to equal mass ratio.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a preparation method of the above laying hen feed, comprising:
mixing the basic chicken feed ingredients into uniform powder;
adding folic acid yeast autolysate and mixing;
adding probiotic additives, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 3-5 days at 20-30 ℃, drying and crushing into particles of 2-5mm to obtain the feed.
In a third aspect, the invention provides the laying hen feed and the application of the preparation method thereof in improving the egg laying performance and the egg quality of laying hens.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving egg laying performance and egg quality of laying hens, comprising: the feed is fed to laying hens in the later period of an egg laying peak for 2 times every day, wherein each time is 45-50 g, the ambient illumination time is kept for 10-15 hours/day during feeding, the ambient temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-80%.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the basic chicken feed, the folic acid yeast autolysate and the probiotic additive are compounded to obtain the feed, and the feed is used for feeding the laying hens, so that the nutritional composition of the laying hens is effectively improved. And the feed additive is applied to the later period of the laying peak of the laying hens, so that the laying performance and the egg quality can be obviously improved, the reduction range of the laying rate and the quality egg rate in the later period of the laying peak is relieved, the reduction of the egg quality is improved, and the laying period is prolonged.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that those whose specific conditions are not specified in the examples are carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturers. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a layer feed, which comprises a basic chicken feed, a folic acid yeast autolysate and a probiotic additive, wherein the weight percentages of the folic acid yeast autolysate and the probiotic additive in the feed are 3% and 2%, respectively. Wherein the basic chicken feed consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30% of corn, 35% of fermented fungus chaff, 5% of fermented soybean meal, 15% of fermented soybean dregs, 5% of stone powder, 5% of fish meal, 3% of calcium levulinate powder, 0.5% of methionine iron and 1.5% of vitamin premix. The probiotic additive comprises lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and actinomycete powder, wherein the mass ratio of the three bacteria powder is 1: 1: 1. the preparation method of the laying hen feed comprises the following steps:
(1) grinding corn into powder, uniformly mixing with stone powder, fish meal, calcium levulinate powder and methionine iron, adding vitamin premix, further uniformly mixing, and finally adding fermentation fungus chaff, fermentation bean pulp and fermentation bean dregs for uniformly mixing;
(2) adding a folic acid yeast autolysate into the basic chicken feed obtained in the step (1) and uniformly mixing, wherein the preparation method of the folic acid yeast autolysate comprises the following steps: adding folic acid into the beer yeast for 4 times in a growth stable period of the beer yeast, wherein the time interval of the adjacent adding times is at least 2 hours, the adding amount of the folic acid is 4mg/kg of the beer yeast, and then fermenting for 16 hours at 33-35 ℃ to obtain thalli; inactivating the thalli at the temperature of 55-60 ℃ and the humidity of 90-95% for 2h, then uniformly mixing the thalli with neutral protease and a pH regulator, wherein the addition amount of the neutral protease is 0.5% of the mass of the thalli, and autolyzing the thalli at the pH of 6-7 and the temperature of 55-60 ℃ for 15 h; centrifuging the autolyzed mixed solution and freeze-drying to obtain the product.
(3) Uniformly mixing three bacteria powders of lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and actinomycetes, adding the mixture into the mixture obtained in the step (2), fermenting for 5 days at 25-28 ℃, drying and crushing into particles of 2-5mm to obtain the lactobacillus bifidus and actinomycetes.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a layer feed, which comprises a basic chicken feed, a folic acid yeast autolysate and a probiotic additive, wherein the weight percentages of the folic acid yeast autolysate and the probiotic additive in the feed are 5% and 0.5%, respectively. Wherein the basic chicken feed consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 35% of corn, 25% of fermented fungus chaff, 10% of fermented soybean meal, 7% of stone powder, 5% of fish meal, 5% of calcium levulinate powder, 0.3% of methionine iron and 2.7% of vitamin premix. The probiotic additive comprises bifidobacterium, actinomycetes and bacillus subtilis powder, wherein the mass ratio of the bifidobacterium to the actinomycetes to the bacillus subtilis powder is 1: 1: 1. a preparation method of the laying hen feed.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a layer feed, which comprises a basic chicken feed, a folic acid yeast autolysate and a probiotic additive, wherein the weight percentages of the folic acid yeast autolysate and the probiotic additive in the feed are respectively 4% and 1.5%. Wherein the basic chicken feed consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30% of corn, 30% of fermented fungus chaff, 7% of fermented soybean meal, 12% of fermented soybean dregs, 3% of stone powder, 6% of fish meal, 6% of calcium levulinate powder, 0.5% of methionine iron, 2.5% of vitamin premix and 3% of algae oil. The probiotic additive comprises bifidobacterium, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis powder, wherein the mass ratio of the four bacteria powder is 1: 1: 1: 1. the preparation method of the laying hen feed is different from the preparation method of the laying hen feed in the embodiment 1 in the step (1): grinding corn into powder, mixing with stone powder, fish powder, calcium levulinate powder and methionine iron uniformly, adding vitamin premix, further mixing uniformly, adding algae oil, mixing uniformly, and finally adding fermentation fungus chaff, fermentation bean pulp and fermentation bean dregs, and mixing uniformly.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a layer feed, which comprises a basic chicken feed, a folic acid yeast autolysate and a probiotic additive, wherein the weight percentages of the folic acid yeast autolysate and the probiotic additive in the feed are respectively 3% and 1%. Wherein the basic chicken feed consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 33% of corn, 28% of fermented fungus chaff, 5% of fermented soybean meal, 10% of fermented soybean dregs, 5% of stone powder, 7% of fish meal, 7% of calcium levulinate powder, 0.3% of methionine iron, 1.5% of vitamin premix, 1% of algae oil and 2.2% of orange peel. The probiotic additive comprises lactobacillus powder, bifidobacterium powder and bacillus licheniformis powder, wherein the mass ratio of the three bacteria powder is 1: 1: 1. the preparation method of the laying hen feed is different from the preparation method of the laying hen feed in the embodiment 1 in the step (1): respectively grinding corn and orange peel into powder, uniformly mixing corn powder, orange peel powder, stone powder, fish meal, calcium levulinate powder and methionine iron, adding vitamin premix, further uniformly mixing, continuously adding algae oil, uniformly mixing, finally adding fermentation fungus chaff, fermentation bean pulp and fermentation bean dregs, and uniformly mixing.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a layer feed, which comprises a basic chicken feed, a folic acid yeast autolysate and a probiotic additive, wherein the weight percentages of the folic acid yeast autolysate and the probiotic additive in the feed are 5% and 2%, respectively. Wherein the basic chicken feed consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 31% of corn, 32% of fermented fungus chaff, 9% of fermented soybean meal, 11% of fermented soybean dregs, 5% of stone powder, 6% of fish meal, 4% of calcium levulinate powder, 0.4% of methionine iron, 1.4% of vitamin premix and 0.2% of flavoring agent lemon oil butyric acid. The probiotic additive comprises lactobacillus powder, bifidobacterium powder and bacillus licheniformis powder, wherein the mass ratio of the three bacteria powder is 1: 1: 1. the preparation method of the laying hen feed is different from the preparation method of the laying hen feed in the embodiment 1 in the step (3): adding flavoring agent into the fermented mixture, mixing, drying, and pulverizing into 2-5mm granule.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a layer feed, which comprises a basic chicken feed, a folic acid yeast autolysate and a probiotic additive, wherein the weight percentages of the folic acid yeast autolysate and the probiotic additive in the feed are 4.5% and 1.8%, respectively. Wherein the basic chicken feed consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 32% of corn, 27% of fermented fungus chaff, 8% of fermented soybean meal, 10% of fermented soybean dregs, 3% of stone powder, 7% of fish meal, 6% of calcium levulinate powder, 0.5% of methionine iron, 3% of vitamin premix, 2% of algae oil, 1% of orange peel and 0.5% of flavoring agent. The flavoring agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: the seasoning comprises, by weight, 8 parts of scallion powder, 8 parts of garlic powder, 3 parts of ginger powder, 3 parts of five spice powder, 1 part of chilli powder, 7 parts of dry yeast, 0.2 part of monosodium glutamate and 0.3 part of salt. The probiotic additive comprises lactobacillus powder, bifidobacterium powder and bacillus licheniformis powder, wherein the mass ratio of the three bacteria powder is 1: 1: 1. the preparation method of the laying hen feed is different from the preparation method of the laying hen feed in the embodiment 1 in the step (1): respectively grinding corn and orange peel into powder, uniformly mixing corn powder, orange peel powder, stone powder, fish meal, calcium levulinate powder and methionine iron, adding vitamin premix, further uniformly mixing, continuously adding algae oil, uniformly mixing, finally adding fermentation fungus chaff, fermentation bean pulp and fermentation bean dregs, and uniformly mixing. And a step (3): adding flavoring agent into the fermented mixture, mixing, drying, and pulverizing into 2-5mm granule.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a layer feed which differs from example 1 in that: the feed has no folic acid yeast autolysate.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a layer feed which differs from example 1 in that: the feed does not contain probiotic additives.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a layer feed which differs from example 1 in that: the probiotic additive in the feed is yeast.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example provides a layer feed which differs from example 1 in that: the probiotic additive in the feed is bacillus subtilis.
Comparative example 5
In this comparative example, a layer feed was used which was marketed by the Baoba platform.
Egg laying performance and egg quality testing
Test materials: 300 Jingfen No. 1 laying hens with similar production performance at the age of 45 weeks are randomly divided into 11 groups, which correspond to the 6 examples and the 5 comparative examples (one to eleven test groups respectively) and each group comprises 30 chickens.
The test method comprises the following steps: 330 laying hens are raised in a totally-enclosed henhouse in double-layer ladder cages, 10 chickens in each cage are automatically controlled in an environment-friendly mode and are automatically illuminated, the illumination time reaches 14 hours/day, the temperature is about 22 ℃, and the relative humidity is 70-80%. During the test period, the chickens fed the chickens freely for eating and drinking water 2 times a day (09:00 and 15:00), each time according to 60 g/chicken, respectively 1 time for picking up eggs and cleaning manure, and carrying out conventional immunization and colony house disinfection.
The pre-feeding period for the 11 test groups was 1 week (from 45 weeks of age) and the test period was 8 weeks (from 46 to 53 weeks of age). Egg production, egg weight and egg breakage were recorded daily in cages during the test period. The chickens were weighed before (45 weekend) and at the end of the test (53 weekend) and the laying rate, the certified egg rate, the daily gain and the feed-to-egg ratio were calculated. At the end of the experiment, 5 eggs were randomly collected from each cage for egg quality determination. And (4) determining the egg weight, the egg white height, the Haff value and the yolk color of the eggs by using a Haff tester. Measuring the thickness of the eggshell by using an eggshell thickness measuring instrument, and measuring the egg shape index by using a vernier caliper. Weighing the yolk after separating the egg white; the eggshells are weighed after being cleaned and dried.
The statistical method comprises the following steps: the experimental data are expressed as mean ± standard error, the data are analyzed by SAS (8.0) software one-way ANOVA method, and the significant data are multiple-compared by LSD method. P <0.05 indicates significant data difference. The test results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 test group one-eleven influence of egg laying performance of No. 45-53 weeks old king powder No. 1 laying hen
TABLE 2 influence of the quality of 45-53 weeks old No. 1 eggs from test group one-eleven
Note: p <0.05 in table 1 and table 2.
The results in tables 1 and 2 show that when the feed of examples 1 to 6 is used for feeding laying hens, the laying rate and the quality egg rate of the laying hens can be effectively improved, the quality index of eggs laid by the laying hens is excellent, and particularly, the effect is better when the basic chicken feed is used and algae oil, citrus peel and the like are further added. In addition, compared with the commercial feed for the marketable chickens, the feed provided by the invention is better for improving the egg laying performance of the laying hens and the overall egg quality.
In conclusion, in the specific embodiment of the invention, in the later stage of the laying peak (45-53 weeks old), the laying performance (laying rate and quality egg rate) and the egg quality (egg weight, hough value, egg height, yolk color, shell weight and eggshell ratio) of the laying hens can be improved by feeding the laying hens with the feed disclosed by the invention, the reduction range of the laying rate and the quality egg rate in the later stage of the laying peak is relieved, and the reduction of the egg quality is improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The laying hen feed is characterized by comprising a basic chicken feed, a folic acid yeast autolysate and a probiotic additive, wherein the weight percentages of the folic acid yeast autolysate and the probiotic additive in the feed are 3% -5% and 0.5% -2%, respectively.
2. The laying hen feed of claim 1, wherein the base chicken feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-35% of corn, 25-35% of fermentation fungus chaff, 5-10% of fermented soybean meal, 10-15% of fermented soybean meal, 1-7% of stone powder, 5-10% of fish meal, 3-8% of calcium levulinate powder, 0.3-0.5% of methionine iron and 1-3% of vitamin premix.
3. The laying hen feed of claim 2, wherein the basal chicken feed further comprises 1% -3% algal oil.
4. The laying hen feed of claim 2, wherein the base chicken feed further comprises citrus peel 0.5% -3%.
5. The laying hen feed of claim 2, wherein the basal chicken feed further comprises a flavoring agent in the range of 0.1-0.5%.
6. The laying hen feed of claim 5, wherein the flavoring agent comprises, in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of scallion powder, 5-10 parts of garlic powder, 2-4 parts of ginger powder, 1-3 parts of five spice powder, 0.5-1 part of chilli powder, 6-8 parts of dry yeast, 0.1-0.5 part of monosodium glutamate and 0.1-0.5 part of salt.
7. The laying hen feed of claim 1, wherein the probiotic additive comprises at least three of lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis which are mixed according to equal mass ratio.
8. The method for preparing a laying hen feed according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
mixing the basic chicken feed ingredients into uniform powder;
adding folic acid yeast autolysate and mixing;
adding probiotic additives, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 3-5 days at 20-30 ℃, drying and crushing into particles of 2-5mm to obtain the feed.
9. Use of the laying hen feed according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the laying hen feed obtained by the preparation method according to claim 8 for improving laying performance and egg quality of laying hens.
10. A method for improving egg laying performance and egg quality of laying hens is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: the stretcher feed of any one of claims 1 to 7 or the layer feed obtained by the preparation method of claim 8 is fed to the layer in the later period of the egg laying peak, the layer feed is fed for 2 times every day, 45 to 50 g/layer feed is fed every time, the ambient illumination time is kept for 10 to 15 hours/day during the feeding period, the ambient temperature is 20 to 25 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60 to 80%.
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