CN112366661A - Short-circuit protection circuit and short-circuit protection system for multiple lithium batteries - Google Patents

Short-circuit protection circuit and short-circuit protection system for multiple lithium batteries Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112366661A
CN112366661A CN202011209962.XA CN202011209962A CN112366661A CN 112366661 A CN112366661 A CN 112366661A CN 202011209962 A CN202011209962 A CN 202011209962A CN 112366661 A CN112366661 A CN 112366661A
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mos tube
electrode
short
circuit
resistor
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CN112366661B (en
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崔国庆
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Suzhou Saixin Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Suzhou Saixin Electronic Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a short-circuit protection circuit and a short-circuit protection system of a plurality of lithium batteries, wherein the short-circuit protection circuit comprises an auxiliary short-circuit protection circuit, a comparator, a delay unit and a seventh MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor, wherein: the auxiliary short-circuit protection circuit comprises a fourth MOS tube, a limiter, a sixth MOS tube, a first resistor, a second resistor and a NOT gate, wherein the source electrode or the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube is connected with the NOT gate input end and one end of the first resistor, the output end of the NOT gate is connected with the grid electrode of the sixth MOS tube, one end of the limiter is connected with one end of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the sixth MOS tube, one end of the second resistor is connected with the other end of the limiter, the vdd end is connected with the other end of the second resistor, and the source electrode or the drain electrode of the first resistor and the other end of the sixth MOS tube are. According to the invention, the first MOS tube is kept in weak conduction through the auxiliary short-circuit protection circuit, so that the problems of delay and false triggering are solved.

Description

Short-circuit protection circuit and short-circuit protection system for multiple lithium batteries
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery protection, in particular to a short-circuit protection circuit and a short-circuit protection system for multiple lithium batteries.
Background
When a plurality of lithium batteries are connected in series for application, the voltage of each battery needs to be detected through a control chip. As shown in fig. 1, the control chip controls the on/off of the first MOS transistor and the second MOS transistor through the OC pin and the OD pin. When the battery discharges, the current direction is from the charger or the load cathode to the GND terminal, when the cathode voltage is larger than the GND terminal voltage by about 1V, the control chip judges the output short circuit, after about 300 mus of delay, the OD pin voltage is set as the GND voltage, the first MOS tube is turned off, and no current flows out of the battery at the moment.
In the prior art, when N batteries are connected in series and short-circuited, the voltage of the negative electrode of the charger or the load is approximately equal to the voltage of the positive electrode, and at this time, because the gate voltages of the first MOS transistor and the second MOS transistor are approximately 10V, the source-drain voltage of each MOS transistor is approximately 2NV under the condition that the conduction resistances of the two MOS transistors are the same. At this time, the current flowing through the two MOS transistors is extremely large, and due to the limitation of the delay of 300 μ s, the two MOS transistors will always bear large current during this time, which is easy to cause damage. However, the delay time of 300 μ s cannot be cancelled, otherwise, false triggering is easily caused, and the normal application of the control chip is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a short-circuit protection circuit and a short-circuit protection system for a plurality of lithium batteries.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the application provides a short-circuit protection circuit, including supplementary short-circuit protection circuit, comparator, delay unit and seventh MOS pipe, wherein:
the auxiliary short-circuit protection circuit comprises a fourth MOS tube, a limiter, a sixth MOS tube, a first resistor, a second resistor and a NOT gate, wherein the source electrode or the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube is connected with the NOT gate input end and one end of the first resistor, the output end of the NOT gate is connected with the grid electrode of the sixth MOS tube, one end of the limiter is connected with one end of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the sixth MOS tube, one end of the second resistor is connected with the other end of the limiter, the vdd end is connected with the other end of the second resistor, and the source electrode or the drain electrode of the first resistor and the other end of the sixth MOS tube are.
Preferably, the limiter comprises a fifth MOS transistor, one end of a source or a drain of the fifth MOS transistor is connected to the other end of the source or the drain of the sixth MOS transistor, and the other end of the source or the drain of the fifth MOS transistor is connected to the gate and one end of the second resistor.
Preferably, the limiter further includes a first diode and a second diode, one end of the source or the drain of the sixth MOS transistor is connected to the cathode of the second diode, the anode of the second diode is connected to the cathode of the first diode, and the anode of the first diode is connected to one end of the second resistor.
Preferentially, one end of a source electrode or a drain electrode of the seventh MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the fifth MOS tube, the other end of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the seventh MOS tube is grounded, and the grid electrode of the seventh MOS tube is connected with the delay unit; the inverting terminal of the comparator is connected with the reference voltage terminal, and the output terminal of the comparator is connected with the delay unit.
Preferably, the fourth MOS transistor is a P-channel MOS transistor, and the fifth MOS transistor, the sixth MOS transistor and the seventh MOS transistor are all N-channel MOS transistors.
Based on the short-circuit protection circuit, the application also provides a short-circuit protection system for multiple lithium batteries, which comprises the short-circuit protection circuit, a battery module, an RC module, a control chip, a charger or a load, a first MOS transistor and a second MOS transistor, wherein:
the RC module comprises a first RC circuit to an nth RC circuit, each RC circuit comprises a third resistor and a first capacitor, one end of each first capacitor is grounded, and the other end of each first capacitor is connected with the control chip and one end of each third resistor;
the battery module comprises a first battery to an nth battery, wherein the positive electrode of the kth battery is connected with the negative electrode of the (k + 1) th battery and the other end of a third resistor of a kth RC circuit, the negative electrode of the first battery is connected with the VSS end of the control chip, the grounding end and one end of a source electrode or a drain electrode of the first MOS tube, and one end, far away from the first capacitor, of the third resistor of the nth RC circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the nth battery and the positive electrode of a charger or a load;
the grid electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with an OD pin of the control chip, the other end of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the second MOS tube, the grid electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the OC end of the control chip, and the source electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the negative electrode of the charger or the load.
Preferably, n is an integer greater than 1, and k is an integer not less than 1 and less than n.
Preferably, one end of a source or a drain of the fourth MOS transistor is connected to the positive electrode of the charger or the load, a gate of the fourth MOS transistor is connected to the negative electrode of the charger or the load, a non-inverting end of the comparator is connected to the negative electrode of the charger or the load, and one end of the limiter, which is close to the second resistor, is connected to the gate of the first MOS transistor.
Preferably, the first MOS transistor and the second MOS transistor are both N-channel MOS transistors.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the auxiliary short-circuit protection circuit, the sixth MOS tube is connected with the fifth MOS tube in series or connected with the first diode and the second diode in series, when a short circuit occurs, the grid voltage of the first MOS tube is controlled to be about 2V, so that the first MOS tube is conducted weakly, delay is avoided, the current flowing through the first MOS tube is greatly reduced because the first MOS tube is switched to be conducted weakly at once, the possibility that the first MOS tube is damaged under a large current is avoided, meanwhile, because the 300 mu s time delay still exists, the problem of false triggering is avoided, and the normal use of a control chip is not influenced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a short-circuit protection system for multiple lithium batteries according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the short circuit protection circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the auxiliary short protection circuit of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of another auxiliary short-circuit protection circuit of the present invention.
Labeled as: 1. auxiliary short-circuit protection circuit, 2 battery module, 21 battery, 3 RC module, 31 RC circuit, 4 control chip, 5 charger or load, 6 comparator, 7 delay unit.
Detailed Description
Example one
As shown in fig. 2 to 3, the present application provides a short-circuit protection circuit, which includes an auxiliary short-circuit protection circuit 1, a comparator 6, a delay unit 7, and a seventh MOS transistor M7, wherein:
the auxiliary short-circuit protection circuit 1 comprises a fourth MOS transistor M4, a limiter, a sixth MOS transistor M6, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and an inverter INV, wherein a source electrode or a drain electrode of the fourth MOS transistor M4 is connected with an inverter INV input end and one end of a first resistor R1, an inverter INV output end is connected with a grid electrode of the sixth MOS transistor M6, one end of a source electrode or a drain electrode of the sixth MOS transistor M6 is connected with one end of the limiter, the other end of the limiter is connected with one end of a second resistor R2, the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected with a vdd end, and the other end of the first resistor R63 1 and the other end of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the sixth MOS transistor M6.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the limiter includes a fifth MOS transistor M5, one end of the source or the drain of the fifth MOS transistor M5 is connected to the other end of the source or the drain of the sixth MOS transistor M6, and the other end of the source or the drain of the fifth MOS transistor M5 is connected to the gate and one end of a second resistor R2.
As shown in fig. 2, one end of the source or the drain of the seventh MOS transistor M7 is connected to the gate of the fifth MOS transistor M5, the other end of the source or the drain of the seventh MOS transistor M7 is grounded, and the gate of the seventh MOS transistor M7 is connected to the delay unit 7; the inverting terminal of the comparator 6 is connected to the reference voltage terminal, the reference voltage is set to 1V, the output terminal of the comparator 6 is connected to the delay unit 7, and when the voltage of the negative electrode of the charger or the load 5 is greater than the GND voltage by about 1V, the control chip 4 determines that the output is short-circuited.
As shown in fig. 2, the fourth MOS transistor M4 is a P-channel MOS transistor, and the fifth MOS transistor M5, the sixth MOS transistor M6 and the seventh MOS transistor M7 are all N-channel MOS transistors.
As shown in fig. 1, based on the short-circuit protection circuit, the present application further provides a short-circuit protection system for multiple lithium batteries, which includes the short-circuit protection circuit, a battery module 2, an RC module 3, a control chip 4, a charger or load 5, a first MOS transistor M1 and a second MOS transistor M2, where the first MOS transistor M1 and the second MOS transistor M2 are both N-channel MOS transistors, where:
the RC module 3 comprises first to nth RC circuits 31, each RC circuit 31 comprises a third resistor R3 and a first capacitor C1, one end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the control chip 4 and one end of the third resistor R3;
the battery module 2 comprises first to nth batteries 21, wherein the positive electrode of the kth battery 21 is connected with the negative electrode of the (k + 1) th battery 21 and the other end of the third resistor R3 of the kth RC circuit 31, the negative electrode of the first battery 21 is connected with the VSS end and the ground end of the control chip 4 and one end of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the first MOS tube M1, and one end, far away from the first capacitor C1, of the third resistor R3 of the nth RC circuit 31 is connected with the positive electrode of the nth battery 21 and the positive electrode of the charger or the load 5;
the grid electrode of the first MOS transistor M1 is connected to an OD pin of the control chip 4, the other end of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the first MOS transistor M1 is connected to the drain electrode of the second MOS transistor M2, the grid electrode of the second MOS transistor M2 is connected to the OC terminal of the control chip 4, and the source electrode of the second MOS transistor M2 is connected to the negative electrode of the charger or load 5, where n is an integer greater than 1, and k is an integer not less than 1 and less than n.
As shown in fig. 2-3, one end of the source or the drain of the fourth MOS transistor M4 is connected to the positive electrode of the charger or the load 5, the gate of the fourth MOS transistor M4 is connected to the negative electrode of the charger or the load 5, the non-inverting terminal of the comparator 6 is connected to the negative electrode of the charger or the load 5, and one end of the limiter close to the second resistor R2 is connected to the gate of the first MOS transistor M1.
As shown in fig. 2-3, when a short circuit occurs, the positive and negative poles of the charger or load 5 are at the same potential, the fourth MOS transistor M4 is turned off, the potential at the input terminal of the inverter INV is pulled down to GND by the first resistor R1, the inverter INV outputs a high level, the sixth MOS transistor M6 is turned on, due to the existence of the fifth MOS transistor M5, the gate input potential of the first MOS transistor M1 is not pulled down to GND, and according to the design of the aspect ratio of the second resistor R2 and the fifth MOS transistor M5, the gate input voltage of the first MOS transistor M1 can be controlled at about 2V, and the first MOS transistor M1 is kept in weak conduction, so that there is no delay problem; secondly, because the first MOS transistor M1 is switched to weak conduction immediately, the current flowing through the first MOS transistor M1 is greatly reduced, and there is no problem of false triggering, thereby avoiding affecting the normal application of the control chip 4.
Taking three lithium batteries connected in series as an example, after a plurality of tests, when short circuit occurs, the traditional scheme is adopted, the short circuit current is 60A and lasts for 300 mu s, and after the short circuit protection circuit is adopted, the current is immediately reduced to 5.7A, delay is avoided, and false triggering is avoided.
Example two
As shown in fig. 4, the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the present embodiment further includes an auxiliary short-circuit protection circuit 1, wherein the limiter further includes a first diode D1 and a second diode D2, one end of a source or a drain of the sixth MOS transistor M6 is connected to a cathode of the second diode D2, an anode of the second diode D2 is connected to a cathode of the first diode D1, an anode of the first diode D1 is connected to one end of the second resistor R2, and the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 connected in series function as the fifth MOS transistor M5 in the first embodiment.
The invention has the advantages that: through the auxiliary short-circuit protection circuit, the first MOS tube is kept in weak conduction, and the problems of delay and false triggering are solved.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A short-circuit protection circuit, characterized by: including supplementary short-circuit protection circuit, comparator, delay unit and seventh MOS pipe, wherein:
the auxiliary short-circuit protection circuit comprises a fourth MOS tube, a limiter, a sixth MOS tube, a first resistor, a second resistor and a NOT gate, wherein the source electrode or the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube is connected with the NOT gate input end and one end of the first resistor, the output end of the NOT gate is connected with the grid electrode of the sixth MOS tube, one end of the limiter is connected with one end of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the sixth MOS tube, one end of the second resistor is connected with the other end of the limiter, the vdd end is connected with the other end of the second resistor, and the source electrode or the drain electrode of the first resistor and the other end of the sixth MOS tube are.
2. The short-circuit protection circuit of claim 1, wherein: the limiter comprises a fifth MOS tube, one end of a source electrode or a drain electrode of the fifth MOS tube is connected with the other end of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the sixth MOS tube, and the other end of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the fifth MOS tube is connected with a grid electrode and one end of a second resistor.
3. The short-circuit protection circuit of claim 1, wherein: the limiter further comprises a first diode and a second diode, one end of a source electrode or a drain electrode of the sixth MOS tube is connected with a cathode of the second diode, an anode of the second diode is connected with a cathode of the first diode, and an anode of the first diode is connected with one end of a second resistor.
4. The short-circuit protection circuit of claim 1; the method is characterized in that: one end of a source electrode or a drain electrode of the seventh MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the fifth MOS tube, the other end of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the seventh MOS tube is grounded, and the grid electrode of the seventh MOS tube is connected with the delay unit; the inverting terminal of the comparator is connected with the reference voltage terminal, and the output terminal of the comparator is connected with the delay unit.
5. The short-circuit protection circuit of claim 2, wherein: the fourth MOS tube is a P-channel MOS tube, and the fifth MOS tube, the sixth MOS tube and the seventh MOS tube are all N-channel MOS tubes.
6. A short-circuit protection system for multiple lithium batteries is characterized in that: comprising the short-circuit protection circuit of claims 1 to 5, a battery module, an RC module, a control chip, a charger or load, a first MOS transistor and a second MOS transistor, wherein:
the RC module comprises a first RC circuit to an nth RC circuit, each RC circuit comprises a third resistor and a first capacitor, one end of each first capacitor is grounded, and the other end of each first capacitor is connected with the control chip and one end of each third resistor;
the battery module comprises a first battery to an nth battery, wherein the positive electrode of the kth battery is connected with the negative electrode of the (k + 1) th battery and the other end of a third resistor of a kth RC circuit, the negative electrode of the first battery is connected with the VSS end of the control chip, the grounding end and one end of a source electrode or a drain electrode of the first MOS tube, and one end, far away from the first capacitor, of the third resistor of the nth RC circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the nth battery and the positive electrode of a charger or a load;
the grid electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with an OD pin of the control chip, the other end of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the second MOS tube, the grid electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the OC end of the control chip, and the source electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the negative electrode of the charger or the load.
7. The short-circuit protection system for multiple lithium batteries according to claim 6, wherein: n is an integer greater than 1, and k is an integer not less than 1 and less than n.
8. The short-circuit protection system for multiple lithium batteries according to claim 6, wherein: one end of a source electrode or a drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube is connected with the anode of the charger or the load, the grid electrode of the fourth MOS tube is connected with the cathode of the charger or the load, the same-phase end of the comparator is connected with the cathode of the charger or the load, and one end of the limiter, close to the second resistor, is connected with the grid electrode of the first MOS tube.
9. The short-circuit protection system for multiple lithium batteries according to claim 6, wherein: the first MOS tube and the second MOS tube are both N-channel MOS tubes.
CN202011209962.XA 2020-11-03 2020-11-03 Short-circuit protection circuit and short-circuit protection system for multiple lithium batteries Active CN112366661B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011209962.XA CN112366661B (en) 2020-11-03 2020-11-03 Short-circuit protection circuit and short-circuit protection system for multiple lithium batteries

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CN112366661A true CN112366661A (en) 2021-02-12
CN112366661B CN112366661B (en) 2021-09-17

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